Artigos de revistas: "Effect of heavy metals on fish"

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Bera, T., S. V. Kumar, M. S. Devi, V. Kumar, B. K. Behera, and B. K. Das. "Effect of heavy metals in fish reproduction: A review." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 5 (September 7, 2022): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/5/mrn-4042.

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Heavy metals are ubiquitous and deleterious contaminant present in the aquatic ecosystem. Their concentration has increased magnificently due to anthropogenic wastes, geochemical composition, farming and mining activities. Fishes are susceptible to heavy metal contamination and fishes live in aquatic environment which made them inevitable exposure to heavy metal. The excess release of contaminants into aquatic ecosystem has forced the fish to accumulate more heavy metal in their tissues. However, fishes reproduce in natural ecosystem which might have contaminated with heavy metal. Fish reproduction is the key process for fish recruitment in natural ecosystem and inevitable for aquaculture production. Water quality in terms of heavy metal contamination has a definite impact on fish reproduction. Hence, it is important to know the consequence of heavy metals on aquatic ecosystem and their effect on fish reproduction. Several reviews and reports are available that deals with the effect of heavy metals on fish health, blood biochemical changes and histological changes, cellular and physiological stress in vital organs but few comprehensive reports on toxic effect of heavy metals on fish reproduction are available. Heavy metals are reported to cause reproductive disruption in fish, inhibiting induction of vitellogenin, delaying oogenesis, enhancing luteinizing hormone secretion, declining parameters of gonadal somatic index and ovulation in fish. Therefore, this review paper presents a holistic details on the toxic effects of heavy metal on fish reproduction with special reference to male and female reproductive system.

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AL-DOGHACHI, M. A. R. "Mixed effect of some of heavy metals on survival of fish liza abu (hickel 1843)." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE 4, no. 2 (2007): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijaq.2007.4.2.3.

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Haseeb, Abdul, Fozia, Ijaz Ahmad, Hidayat Ullah, Anwar Iqbal, Riaz Ullah, Bushra Abdulkarim Moharram, and Alicja Kowalczyk. "Ecotoxicological Assessment of Heavy Metal and Its Biochemical Effect in Fishes." BioMed Research International 2022 (November 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3787838.

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Level of toxic heavy metal concentration like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) in thirty-six soft and hard organs and their impact on lipid profile of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Catla catla fish species inhibiting in Tanda Dam reservoir were investigated. The heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and fish of the different regions in the reservoir were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Lipid profile was carried out by AOAC official methods. The results showed that Pb was dominant among all the heavy metals in six organs, and its maximum concentration of Pb (22.5 mg kg-1 and 32.9 mg kg-1) was observed in scales in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and tail of Catla catla, respectively. The maximum concentrations of Cd were observed in the head, scales, fins, and gills of Catla catla. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals was significantly different at ( p ≤ 0.01 ) within the organs and between the fish species. The lipid concentration was minimum in those organs where the concentrations of heavy metals were maximum. It is clear from the findings that heavy metal accumulation reduces the lipid content of fish. It is inevitable to monitor the Tanda Dam reservoir to safeguard human health.

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Pazou, Elisabeth Yehouenou Azehoun, Judicaël Azehoun Pazou, and Mahoudjro Roméo Adamou. "Assessment of heavy metal’s in Atlantic sea fish sold in Benin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.28.

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Marine space is constantly threatened by various sources of pollution that may reduce its economic potential and have negative repercussions on human health. This study aims to assess heavy metals contamination of eight fish species and their impact on human health. Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, copper and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in fresh, cooked and fried fish. The results found in fresh fish (cadmium: 0.002 to 0.005 mg / kg, lead: 0 to 0.031 mg / kg, copper: 0.0045 to 0.305 mg / kg, zinc: 0.1245 to 0.6195 mg / kg), in cooked fish (cadmium: 0.0035 to 0.005 mg / kg, lead: 0 to 0.01 mg / kg, copper: 0 to 0.021 mg / kg, zinc: 0.171 to 0.327 mg / kg) and in fried fish (cadmium: 0.004 mg / kg, lead: 0 to 0.007 mg / kg, copper: 0 to 0.016 mg / kg, zinc: 0.0875 to 0.5065 mg / kg) showed that heavy metal levels are all below the standard values accepted by FAO / WHO. The consumption of these fish could therefore have no negative effect on the population’s health. Both types of cooking have both positive and negative effects on the heavy metal reduction in fish species. Although the concentrations of heavy metals are not worrying, the vigilance of the populations and a variation of the diet are important to guarantee a better health.Keywords: Heavy metals, health impact, Atlantic see fish, Cotonou.

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Ghosh, Jibon Kumar, Md Shahidul Islam, Md Tariqul Islam, Md Mahedul Islam Murad, and Md Mahabubur Rahman. "Effect of Traditional Cooking Method on the Heavy Metal Content of Four Selected Farmed Carp Species And Assessment of Possible Human Health Risk." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 9, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v9i3.63972.

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of traditional Bengal culinary practice on the heavy metal content of four carp species (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Fish samples were collected from seven different farms located in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. The collected samples were processed and cooked in a traditional currying method and concentrations of five heavy metals (Pb, Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni) were assessed in raw and cooked fish using a flame atomic spectrophotometer. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly reduced in the cooked samples with a few exceptions. The metal pollution index (MPI) indicated that the most amount of heavy metals was lost in C. cirrhosus followed by H. molitrix, L rohita, and C. catla. Pb was the most abundant and consumed of the tested heavy metals in the cooked fish followed by Co, Ni, Cd, and Cr respectively. Health risk index (HRI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) revealed that individual heavy metal intake from cooked fish does not pose any threat to human health. However, the hazard index (HI) of the accumulated heavy metals in the cooked fish suggested that the long-term effect of consuming heavy metal contaminated fish could collectively lead to possible non-carcinogenic health complexities. Additionally, HI also implied that the highest degree of health risk is associated with the consumption of H. molitrix and the least with L. rohita. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 367-376

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Karpenko, L. Yu, P. A. Polistovskaya, and A. I. Kozitsyna. "The effect of high concentrations of heavy metals on the integrity by intestinal epithelium of carp." Issues of Legal Regulation in Veterinary Medicine, no. 1 (April 17, 2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.1.58.

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The article is devoted to the assessment of the toxic effects of heavy metals on the body of fish. The aim of the study was to study the integrity of the epithelial layer of the carp intestine after exposure to heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and cobalt). In the experiment, 6 groups of fish (european carp) of 10 individuals were used: control; groups of fish contained in solutions of heavy metals exceeding their MPC in reservoirs by 1000 times: in a solution of lead acetate (6 mg/l); in a solution of cadmium acetate (5 mg/l); in a solution of copper acetate (1 mg/l); in zinc acetate solution (10 mg/l) and in cobalt acetate solution (10 mg/l). The exposure in toxicant solutions was 4 hours. Smears-prints of carp intestines were made and with the help of light microscopy, the sloughed "living" cells were counted. The dominant influence of copper on the strength of the intestinal epithelium of fish in comparison with other metals investigated was noted.

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Sadguru, Prakash. "Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factor of Heavy Metals in the Tissues of Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus Collected from Sawan Nallaha, Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.042.

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Heavy metal pollution in aquatic environment has a significant adverse effect on fishes and also to the human being. The present investigation was designed to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in water and fish, Channa punctatus of Sawan Nallaha, a tributary of River Rapti in Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The different water samples were collected from the Sawan Nallaha, downstream the city of Balrampur, and analyzed for the selected heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentration of heavy metals in Sawan Nallaha was below the permissible limit of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Heavy metal accumulation and bioconcentration factor were studied in gill, liver, kidney and muscles of fish, Channa punctatus inhabiting the Sawan Nallaha. The order of bioaccumulation of different metal concentrations in fish was: Ni >Pb>Mn> Zn > Cr > Cu>Cd and the order of total observed metal concentration in tissues was Liver> Kidney>Gill> Muscles. The results of Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) showed that fish, Channa punctatus has the ability to accumulate heavy metals in its tissues. As illustrated in BCFs, most of the heavy metals moderately bioaccumulate except nickel and lead which are highly accumulative. The fish, Channa punctatus in this study was used as biomonitoring indicator

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Liekytė, Aistė, Raimondas Leopoldas Idzelis, and Nijolė Kazlauskienė. "RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR BINARY MIXTURE ON THE CARDIO-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF FISH LARVAE / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ IR JŲ BINARINIO MIŠINIO POVEIKIO ŽUVŲ KARDIORESPIRACINEI SISTEMAI ANKSTYVOJOJE ONTOGENEZĖJE TYRIMAI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 5 (December 19, 2011): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.083.

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This article investigates toxic effects of heavy metals (Ni, Cu) and their binary mixture (Ni+Cu) on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae depending on the type of metal, metal concentration and the duration of their exposure. The one-day larvae of rainbow trout were exposed to Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l, respectively), Cu (0,25; 0;5 mg/l, respectively) and their binary mixture. During long-term exposure (30 days), the physiological parameters of larvae, e.g. heart rate (counts/min), gill ventilation frequency (counts/min) after 5, 10 and 20 days of exposure were recorded. During experimental studies, the effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the heart rate and gill ventilation frequency of rainbow trout larvae depending on the type of metal, their concentrations and exposure duration were determined. Consequently, comparative studies on toxic effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout larvae showed that the binary mixture was more toxic to larvae than to single metals. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) ir jų binarinio mišinio (Ni + Cu) toksinis poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, metalų koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Vaivorykštinio upėtakio vienadienės lervos buvo veikiamos Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l), Cu (0,25; 0,5 mg/l) ir jų binariniu mišiniu. Ilgalaikio tyrimo metu (30 parų) buvo registruojami lervų fiziologiniai rodikliai – širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniai (krt./min.) po 5, 10 ir 20 parų ekspozicijos. Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus, nustatytas sunkiųjų metalų ir jų binarinio mišinio poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio lervų širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniams, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad atskirų sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) poveikis lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai silpnesnis, nei veikiant metalų binariniu mišiniu.

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Bondareva, Liudmila, Nina Nemova, and Helena Kaivarainen. "Effect of heavy metals on calcium-dependent proteases in fish." Toxicology Letters 172 (October 2007): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.128.

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Sfakianakis, D. G., E. Renieri, M. Kentouri, and A. M. Tsatsakis. "Effect of heavy metals on fish larvae deformities: A review." Environmental Research 137 (February 2015): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.014.

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Aladesanmi, Omolara Titilayo, Femi Kayode Agboola, and Rapheal Emuebe Okonji. "Enzymes as Biomarkers of Environmental Stress in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Osun State, Nigeria." Journal of Health and Pollution 7, no. 14 (June 1, 2017): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.14.71.

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Background. Many natural aquatic bodies have been contaminated with heavy metals released from domestic, industrial and other anthropogenic activities. Fish are an important bioindicator species and play an important role in the monitoring of water pollution. Objectives. This study shows the effect of heavy metals on the distribution of glutathione S-transferases (GST), catalase, rhodanese and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphur transferase (3-MST) isolated from the liver, gills, fins and muscle of Clarias gariepinus. Methods . Glutathione S-transferase, catalase, rhodanese and 3-mercaptopyruvate S-transferase enzymes were isolated from the liver and gills of fish by homogenization of each tissue (with specific buffers for each enzyme) and centrifugation. Serial dilutions of the crude enzymes were then assayed for residual enzymatic activities using standard enzyme assay protocol. Results. The results showed heavy metals in the liver and muscle of the investigated fish. This study indicated significant accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues/organ of the fish from Ilesha, Osogbo and Yakoyo fish ponds. These are three main towns in Osun State where the major occupation is fish farming. The relationship between enzymatic activities and heavy metal content in C gariepinus tissue showed positive and significant (p&lt;0.05) correlations between lead (Pb) and GST as well as chromium (Cr) and GST. This implies that higher concentrations of Pb and Cr induced the expression of greater GST activity in the fish tissue. Conclusions. The study concluded that the pattern of response of GST, catalase, rhodanese and 3-MST activities in the various organs/tissues of C gariepinus to the heavy metals suggests that the excitation or inhibitions of their activities are organ specific. Further biochemical studies of fish tissues/organs are needed to characterize the enzymatic changes associated with heavy metal pollution. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests

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Khoshnood, Zahra, and Reza Khoshnood. "Health Risks Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Seafood." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0012.

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ABSTRACT Fish is an excellent, low-fat source of protein and provides many benefits, such as contributing to low blood cholesterol. Heavy metals are increasingly being released into natural waters from geological and anthropogenic sources. Due to the rapid development of agriculture and industry, and a historical lack of enforcement of regulations, the study areas have become contaminated by metals, especially cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) which has been emitted into the environment through atmospheric deposition, solid-waste emissions, sludge applications, and irrigations with wastewater. The health risks posed to the local inhabitants by exposure to Pb and Cd in two coastal regions of Iran through the consumption of contaminated fish were investigated, based on estimated target hazard quotients (THQs). The results showed that THQ values are less than 1 for both adults and children by either group consuming fish alone. The distribution of several heavy metals (Cd and Pb) was investigated in muscle and liver in six different fish species seasonally collected in the Persian Gulf (autumn 2008 - summer 2009). The concentrations of all metals were lower in flesh than those recorded in liver due to their physiological roles. The THQ index for fish was calculated. Estimation of target hazard quotients calculations for the contaminated fish consumption was calculated to evaluate the effect of pollution on human health. Total metal THQs values (Pb and Cd) for adults were 0.05 and 0.04 in Bushehr and Bandar-Genaveh, respectively, and for children was 0.08 and 0.05 in Bushehr and Bandar-Genaveh, respectively. The dietary intake of Pb estimated for the inhabitants in this area is far below the limit considered tolerable. The Cd intake through the consumption of fish is also less than the limit of daily dietary intake considered tolerable by FAO/WHO.

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Vinodhini, Rajamanickam. "Detoxifying effect of Nelumbo nucifera and Aegle marmelos on hematological parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-010-0052-9.

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Detoxifying effect ofNelumbo nuciferaandAegle marmeloson hematological parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.)The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy ofNelumbo nuciferaandAegle marmeloson common carp exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of combined heavy metals (5 ppm) under laboratory conditions. The fish were treated withNelumbo nucifera(500 mg/kg bwt) andAegle marmelos(500 mg/kgbwt) for 30 days as a dietary supplement. The blood biochemical parameters of the fish were evaluated by analyzing the level of red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, glucose, cholesterol, iron and copper. The findings of the present investigation showed significant increase in hemoglobin (p<0.001), RBC (p<0.01) and PCV (p<0.01) of herbal drug-treated groups compared with metal-exposed fish. Conversely, glucose and cholesterol level in blood of common carp showed significant reduction compared with heavy-metal-exposed groups. All the values measured inNelumbo nuciferaandAegle marmelostreated fish were restored comparably to control fish. Our results confirmed thatNelumbo nuciferaandAegle marmelosprovide a detoxification mechanism for heavy metals in common carp.

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Vosylienė, Milda Zita. "The Effect of Heavy Metals on Haematological Indices of Fish (Survey)." Acta Zoologica Lituanica 9, no. 2 (January 1999): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13921657.1999.10512290.

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Osuala, F. I., K. A. Bawa-Allah, and N. Uba. "Salinity Influence on Copper Sulphate and Lead Nitrate Combined Toxicity Against Oreochromis niloticus." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 27, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v27i1.1.

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Brackish water ecosystems characterized by fluctuating physicochemical parameters are more susceptible to the toxic effects of heavy metals acting singly or jointly. This study investigated the effect of salinity variations on the joint action toxicity of copper sulphate (CuSO4) and lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 against fingerlings of Oreochromis niloticus. Fingerlings were exposed to binary mixtures of CuSO4 and Pb(NO3)2 (ratios 1:1 and 1:4) at varying salinities (0‰, 2‰, 12‰ and 18‰) in laboratory bioassays. The binary mixtures of the heavy metals were least toxic to the fish at 12‰ with 96 h LC50 values of 115.558 mg l-1 and 198.274 mg l-1 compared to 8.465 mg l-1 and 16.884 mg l-1 for 0‰, 46.084 mg l-1 and 69.843 mg l-1 for 2‰ and 13.196mg l-1 and 100.567 mg l-1 for 18‰ at ratios 1:1 and 1:4 respectively. Analysis using the Synergistic Ratio Model (SR) showed that both heavy metals were less toxic to the fish species when acting jointly irrespective of ratio than when acting singly at 12‰. Therefore, the need to consider the fluctuating salinity and joint interaction of heavy metals in setting ecologically safe limits for the discharge of effluents containing heavy metals into the aquatic ecosystems is important. Key words: Salinity, Heavy Metals, Toxicity, Oreochromis niloticus

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Gupta, Yogesh, and Pravesh Kumar. "Effect of mercury (HG) on some biological parameters of channa punctatus." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 1 (March 23, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i1.5910.

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<p>Freshwater fish, channa punctatus caught from Yamuna river studied for toxicity and biological parameters. In the present study short-term (96 hr) toxicity of mercury in relation to estimation of hematological test for channa punctatus. The control fishes showed mean value of 75.00 g/dL for hemoglobin. The fishes were exposed to sub- lethal concentration of mercuric chloride showed the hemoglobin mean values of 67.2, 50.8, 42.6 and 29.2 g/dL hemoglobin at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 ppm treatment respectively. The values for treatments showed a significant decrease when compared to the control (P-0.05).The heavy metals has a direct effect on the 96-hr LC50 values of the respective heavy metals and the susceptibility of fish.</p>

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Vajargah, Mohammad Forouhar. "A Review on the Effects of Heavy Metals on Aquatic Animals." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 9 (September 2021): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1324.

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The development of industries and the uncontrolled increase of population, the development of agricultural areas and the use of fertilizers and pesticides have caused industrial and municipal wastewaters as well as agricultural effluents with heavy metals to enter water ecosystems. After entering aquatic ecosystems, heavy metals accumulate in aquatic tissues and eventually enter the food chain. Research on heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is important from a public health perspective, maintaining the balance of those ecosystems and preventing biodegradation due to the adverse effects of pollutants. So, researchers have focused on determining the level of pollution of various water sources, how metals are absorbed by aquatic animals, bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various aquatic tissues and the possibility of using aquatic animals as biological indicators based on pollutant monitoring. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study has investigated the effect of heavy metals on fish.

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Shahjahan, Md, Khanam Taslima, Mohammad Shadiqur Rahman, Md Al-Emran, Shanon Iffat Alam, and Caterina Faggio. "Effects of heavy metals on fish physiology – A review." Chemosphere 300 (August 2022): 134519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134519.

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Kominkova, D., and J. Nabelkova. "Effect of urban drainage on bioavailability of heavy metals in recipient." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 9 (November 1, 2007): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.736.

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Heavy metals comprise one of the most hazardous groups of pollutants entering the aquatic environment. Their behaviour and ecotoxicological effects are not well understood especially if they are occur as a mix of metals. Drawing on data from three Prague creeks, the paper illustrates changes in heavy metals bioavailability resulting from different environmental conditions and related differences in urban drainage types. Heavy metals in sediment from creeks impacted by stormwater drain discharges are more bioavailable and accumulate in organisms to higher concentrations than in organisms from creeks affected by combined sewer overflows. The results also show that bioassay levels of lead in fish from the creeks exceed acceptable concentrations for human consumption (EC 466/2001) and therefore represent a potential health risk for humans. The results demonstrate the importance of providing improved interception efficiency in the drainage system structures. In particular, a higher level of interception of fine particles is critical, because of their higher metal adsorption capacity than for coarser particles.

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Kuzmina, V. V., and N. V. Ushakova. "Process of exotrophy in fish. Effect of heavy metals—Zn and Cu." Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology 44, no. 4 (August 2008): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0022093008040030.

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Mehouel, Fetta, and Scott W. Fowler. "A mini-review of toxicokinetics and toxicity of heavy metals in marine and freshwater fish." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 3561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25407.

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The aquatic environment continues to be polluted by anthropogenic activities that cause heavy metals contamination of fish. These trace metals contaminants are present in abundance in the aquatic environment because their inputs also originate from several natural processes. In addition, they are bioaccumulative, persistent and non-biodegradable over time. Therefore the present mini-review accounts for to assesses the bio-kinetics and known effects of the heavy metals and their toxicity in fish. Among the most toxic metals are arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), and they have been the primary focus of many aquatic ecotoxicological studies in recent years. According to the previous studies analyzed; heavy metals bioaccumulate in the body of fish, whose kinetic activity depends on the metal and also varies from one fish species to another, and can cause irregular and sometimes devastating effects in different organs and systems of the body, acute or chronic, depending on the duration of exposure and the dose of metal assimilated through water or food. Metal uptake can affect all life stages of fish, and these effects are a function of the concentration of the metal in the surrounding environment, its chemical form and also the type of the water in which it lives; fresh or marine.

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Mehana, El-Sayed E., Asmaa F. Khafaga, Samar S. Elblehi, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Mohammed A. E. Naiel, May Bin-Jumah, Sarah I. Othman, and Ahmed A. Allam. "Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution Using Acanthocephalans Parasite in Ecosystem: An Updated Overview." Animals 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050811.

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As a result of the global industrial revolution, contamination of the ecosystem by heavy metals has given rise to one of the most important ecological and organismic problems, particularly human, early developmental stages of fish and animal life. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues can be influenced by several factors, including metal concentration, exposure time, method of metal ingestion and environmental conditions, such as water temperature. Upon recognizing the danger of contamination from heavy metals and the effects on the ecosystem that support life on earth, new ways of monitoring and controlling this pollution, besides the practical ones, had to be found. Diverse living organisms, such as insects, fish, planktons, livestock and bacteria can be used as bioindicators for monitoring the health of the natural ecosystem of the environment. Parasites have attracted intense interest from parasitic ecologists, because of the variety of different ways in which they respond to human activity contamination as prospective indices of environmental quality. Previous studies showed that fish intestinal helminths might consider potential bioindicators for heavy metal contamination in aquatic creatures. In particular, cestodes and acanthocephalans have an increased capacity to accumulate heavy metals, where, for example, metal concentrations in acanthocephalans were several thousand times higher than in host tissues. On the other hand, parasitic infestation in fish could induce significant damage to the physiologic and biochemical processes inside the fish body. It may encourage serious impairment to the physiologic and general health status of fish. Thus, this review aimed to highlight the role of heavy metal accumulation, fish histopathological signs and parasitic infestation in monitoring the ecosystem pollutions and their relationship with each other.

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Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan, Kavilasni Subramaniam, Ain Aqilah Basirun, and Abubakar M. Umar. "In Vitro Heavy Metals Inhibitive Assay Using the Acetylcholinesterase from Osteochilus hasselti (Cyprinid Fish)." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v7i2.480.

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Rapid industrial development has caused many hazardous toxicants, especially heavy metals, to be released directly or indirectly into the environment which resulted in the polluted environment, mainly the water bodies. There are numerous Malaysian rivers that are largely polluted by heavy metals which can cause negative impact on health of public as well as the environment. Hence, a rapid and simple biomonitoring method will aid in notifying government agencies as well the public to such threat. Accordingly, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition has been widely used as a biomarker for heavy metals detection. In this study, the potential of AChE from Osteochilus hasselti brain as an alternative biosensor for heavy metals detection is measured. We discovered that out of seven heavy metals tested at the final concentration of 5 mg/L, only Hg2+, Ag2+, and Cu2+ exerted more than 50% significant inhibition (p<0.05) based on ANOVA analysis. The As5+ and Cd2+ exhibited inhibition by lowering the activity of AChE to less than 50%, displaying no significant difference (ð‘ƒð‘ƒ > 0.05) compared to each other. Meanwhile, the Cr6+ and Pb2+ showed no notable inhibitory effect on the activity of AChE. The results exhibited that AChE of O. hasselti has the capability to be used as a biosensor for the detection of metal ions.

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Jabeen, F., and A. S. Chaudhry. "Heavy metal uptake, bioaccumulation and histopathological responses in gills of freshwater fish from the Indus River, Pakistan." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029665.

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The high nutritional value of fish makes it an ideal component of a healthy and balanced diet. Elevated levels of heavy metals in fish represent both an ecological and human health concern. Fish species are often the top consumers in aquatic ecosystems and thus metal concentrations in fish can act as an indicator of the state of the aquatic environment. Fish are known to bio-accumulate metals and are considered as one of the most indicative factors, in freshwater systems, for the estimation of trace metals pollution potential (Rashed, 2001). Histopathology can be an indicator of the effects of various anthropogenic pollutants on organisms and so could be used as a reflection of the overall health of the entire population in an ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in gills and muscles and their effects on histopathology of gills of Oreochromis mossambicus from the Indus River, Pakistan which receives potential pollutants from the domestic, municipal and agricultural runoffs.

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Mitha C., Mathu, Mohan Raj V., Susan George V., and Sangeetha R. "Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Aquatic Animals from Ennore Estuary." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 02 (2022): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i02.043.

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Heavy metals are being utilized in a variety of ways in industries, agriculture, food processing and household. Metals are unique environmental and industrial pollutants in the sense that they are neither created nor destroyed by human beings but are only transported and transformed into various products. The present study deals with the findings of various investigators on the effect of heavy metal accumulation such as Copper, Iron, Zinc, Manganese and Nickel on the important seafood’s consumed by humans like fish, shrimp, crab, mussel and lobster collected from Ennore estuary. The result showed that the essential heavy metals are within the permissible limit except a few. In view of importance of fish nutrition and human health, it is necessary to maintain regular biological monitoring of the Ennore estuary waters and aquatic animals to ensure the continuing safety consumption of seafood.

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Khoshnood, Zahra. "Effects of Environmental Pollution on Fish: A Short Review." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2017-0005.

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Abstract Environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, are the most important toxic compounds of aquatic habitats. Heavy metals enter the aquatic environments via natural and anthropogenic pathways while the only source of pesticides is the anthropogenic usage of different types of pesticides including fungicide, insecticide and herbicide. Fish larvae and fingerlings are the most vulnerable life stages of fish which could be severely affected by pesticides as non-target organisms as well as by heavy metal pollution. The most important tissues affected by these pollutants are the gill, kidney and liver. Histopathological alterations of these vital organs could affect the survival rate, biological activities, osmoregulation, reproduction, buoyancy, etc., which finally could lead to failures in stock recruitment and population changes.

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Akter, Suny, Zeenath Fardous, Jesmin Aktar, Md Abdur Rahman, Muhammed Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury, Shilpi Sarkar, and Md Baki Billah. "Environmental contamination of heavy metals in some dried fish of coastal regions of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i2.44340.

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Heavy metals are non-biodegradable substances which cause serious carcinogenic effects on animals and humans. As fish occupy top position of aquatic food chain, it is a major source of heavy metal contamination. The concentration of Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were 0.0156 - 0.1428, 0.163 - 8.53, 0.0924 - 0.4026, 9.38 - 65.9382, 0.0473 - 0.1981 and 0.1473 - 1.8148 ppm respectively for the fish samples of Cox’s Bazar region while 0.0191 - 0.1386, 0.8445 - 0.1743, 0.102 - 0.4625, 0.102 - 0.4675, 9.7269 - 60.5267, 0.3108 - 0.046 ppm for the fish samples of Saint Martin’s region. Comparatively high concentrations of heavy metals were found to be accumulated in Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola), Rupchanda (Stromateus chinensis) and Chhuri (Trichiurus lepturus). The order of heavy metal concentrations were Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn > Cd. The concentration of heavy metals varied from species to species and most of the metals were not significantly correlated, even some metals showed negative correlation among them. Concentration of Fe in some fishes (Mola, Rupchanda and Chhuri) was found higher than WHO guideline values, while other metals exhibited the value below the WHO standard. The results of this study will assist in acquiring information about the level of toxic metals in these regions and to improve the coastal management in these areas in future. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 293-304, 2019

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Ivanova, Lozenka, Katerina Rebok, Maja Jordanova, Zrinka Dragun, Vasil Kostov, Sheriban Ramani, Damir Valić, Nesrete Krasnići, Vlatka Filipović Marijić, and Damir Kapetanović. "Effects of water contamination with heavy metals on pigmented macrophages in spleen of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman) from three rivers in the North-Eastern region of North Macedonia." Periodicum Biologorum 123, no. 3-4 (July 1, 2022): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18054/pb.v123i3-4.10421.

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Background and purpose: Pigmented macrophage aggregates (PMAs) are a part of the immune system of fish and are considered as valuable biomarkers of the impact of water pollution on fish health.Materials and methods: Immunomodulatory effect of water contaminated with high levels of metals on spleen and splenic PMAs of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis) (n=129) was examined in two seasons, spring, and autumn 2012. For this purpose, three rivers were chosen: the Zletovska River, heavily contaminated with metals, the Kriva River, moderately contaminated with metals combined with high level of organic matter, and the Bregalnica River, without heavy metal contamination. Spleen masses and splenosomatic indices (SSI) were used for determining the general impact of water contamination on the immune system of Vardar chub. Moreover, volumes and numbers of PMAs within spleen tissue were determined stereologically.Results: The isolated effect of high exposure to metals caused the reduction of spleen mass and/or SSI in the fish from the Zletovska River. The combined effect of exposure to metals and high levels of nutrients in the fish from the Kriva River referred to stimulation of PMAs response, namely increased volumes of splenic PMAs. The existence of seasonally dependent differences was noted since the observed variability in PMAs between rivers occurred only in the autumn.Conclusions: Splenic PMAs in the Vardar chub can be used as an additional biomarker of metal pollution, but with caution, since enhancement of the volumes and numbers of MACs depends on the exposure level of heavy metals, on the presence of the other contaminants, as well as on the physiological condition of the fish.

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Noegrohati, Sri. "BIOACCUMULATION DYNAMICS OF HEAVY METALS IN _{Oreochromis nilotycus}: PREDICTED THROUGH A BIOACCUMULATION MODEL CONSTRUCTED BASED ON BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL (BLM)." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (June 13, 2010): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21775.

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In estuarine ecosystem, sediments are not only functioning as heavy metal scavenger, but also as one of potential sources for heavy metals to the ecosystem. Due the capability of aquatic organisms to accumulate heavy metals, there is possibility of heavy metals to exert their toxic effect towards the organisms and other organisms positioned in higher trophic level, such as fish, and further to human beings. To understand the different processes of heavy metal bioaccumulation in a dynamic manner, a bioaccumulation model is required. Since bioaccumulation starts with the uptake of chemical across a biological membrane, the bioaccumulation model was constructed based on Biotic Ligand Model (BLM). The input for the model was determined from laboratory scale simulated estuarine ecosystem of sediment-brackish water (seawater:Aquaâ 1:1) for determining the heavy metal fractions in sediments; simulated Oreochromis nilotycus - brackish water (fish-water) ecosystem for determining the rate constants; simulated fish-water-sediment ecosystem for evaluating the closeness between model-predicted and measured concentration, routes and distribution within specific internal organs. From these bioaccumulation studies, it was confirmed that the internalization of metals into the cells of gills and internal epithelias follows similar mechanisms, and governed mostly by the waterborne or hydrophilic heavy metals. The level of hydrophilic heavy metals are determined by desorption equilibrium coefficients, 1/KD, and influenced by salinity. Physiologically, the essential Cu and Zn body burden in O. nilotycus are tightly homeostasis regulated, shown as decreasing uptake efficiency factor, EW, at higher exposure concentrations, while non essential Cd and Hg were less or not regulated. From the distribution within specific internal organs, it was revealed that carcass was more relevant in describing the bioaccumulation condition than liver. It is clear that every heavy metal has its own bioaccumulation dynamics, depend to the metal studied and environmental conditions, however the obtained parameters are applicable to bioaccumulation of Cd and Hg in natural estuarine ecosystem of Segara Anakan, Central Java. Keywords: heavy metal, estuarine, bioaccumulation, model, dynamics

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Zayadi, Nabilah, and Norzila Othman. "Characterization and Optimization of Heavy Metals Biosorption by Fish Scales." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.260.

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The pollution of water with heavy metals has been a great concern due to their toxic nature and adverse effect. Various techniques were employed to remove heavy metal namely physical, chemical, and biological treatment. Biosorption is one of the biological treatment that has emerged as a new technology for the removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions which is more environmental friendly. Biosorption using Tilapia fish scale was studied with the intention to remove zinc, plumbum, and ferum ions from synthetic wastewater. The optimum adsorption capacities of fish scale was investigated under several condition namely, pH, biosorbent dosage, initial heavy metals concentration, and contact time while final concentration was obtained by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass (ICP-MS). The results revealed that 92.3% of zinc, 89.33% of plumbum, and 64.2% of ferum able to be sequestered under best adsorption conditions. The maximum percentage removals were observed at pH 6, 5.5, 4.5 and dosage 0.02 g, 0.001 g, 0.8 g at concentration 10 ppb, 0.3 ppb, 300 ppb for zinc, plumbum, and ferum ions, respectively. Maximum removal achieved at 3 hours contact time for ferum and zinc while 2 hours for plumbum. The results indicate that Tilapia fish scale is a promising method in removing ferum, zinc, and plumbum ions from aqueous solution.

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Naeem, Saba, Muhammad Ashraf, Masroor Ellahi Babar, Sana Zahoor, and Shaukat Ali. "The effects of some heavy metals on some fish species." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 20 (January 18, 2021): 25566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12385-z.

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El-Bouhy, Zeinab, Alkelch Alkelch, Gamal Saleh, and Abdel-Moneim Ali. "EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS INTOXICATION ON SOME FRESH WATER FISH." Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 1, 1993): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjps.1993.187354.

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Kazlauskienė, Nijolė, and Danutė Marčiulionienė. "The Biological Effect of Heavy Metals and their Complexonates with DTPA on Fish." Acta Zoologica Lituanica 9, no. 2 (January 1999): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13921657.1999.10512289.

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I. M. El-Khatib, Zakaria, Ahmad M. Azab, Hamdy A. H. Abo-Taleb, Ahmed N.M. Al-Absawy, and Mohamed M.M. Toto. "Effect of heavy metals in irrigation water of different fish farms on the quality of cultured fish." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 24, no. 5 (July 25, 2020): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2020.104648.

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Yılmaz, Ayşe Bahar, Alper Yanar, and Ela Nur Alkan. "Review of heavy metal accumulation on aquatic environment in Northern East Mediterrenean Sea part I: some essential metals." Reviews on Environmental Health 32, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2017): 119–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0065.

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Abstract All pollutants can reach the aquatic environments and the levels of heavy metals in upper members of the food web like fish can reach values many times higher than those found in aquatic environment or in sediments. Although heavy metals are essential or non-essential, all heavy metals are potentially harmful to humans and most organisms at some level of exposure and absorption. Marine organisms are good indicators for long-term monitoring of metal accumulation. The present review study is for evaluation of the data from previous studies about the toxic effects of selected heavy metals, like essential metals (copper, zinc, iron, chromium, and manganese), on seawater, sediment, and in different tissues of aquatic animals (demersal and bentic fish, invertabres) collected from different areas in Northern East Mediterrenean Sea since the 1990s. Some concern arose from previous studies, particularly in terms of safety for human consumption. For this purpose, 86 articles and 4 theses were examined and information was collected on the table to open a forward-looking view of the pollution of studied area. In previous studies, the variations in feeding habits, habitats, and the level of copper found in edible muscles of the demersal fish species (deep water fish species, carnivore) such as Mullus barbatus barbatus, Solea lascaris, Sparus aurata were always higher than those found in pelagic (omnivore) Mugil cephalus, Liza aurata. Results show discrepancies caused by many factors; thus, more work must be done carefully.

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Roza, Fitria, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi, and Rasoel Hamidy. "Batas aman konsumsi ikan tongkol Pasar Dupa Pekanbaru ditinjau dari kandungan logam Pb dan Cu." Jurnal Zona 2, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52364/jz.v2i1.17.

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Based on toxicology viewpoint, heavy metals can be divided into 2 types. The first type is essential heavy metals, which is in a certain amount is needed by living organisms, but in excessive amounts can cause toxic effects, such as Zn, Cu, Fe, Co and Mn. The second type is non-essential, which is in the organism body is still not known the benefit of this heavy metals even it can be become a toxic in our body, such as Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr.The purpose of this research is to 1) analyzing the concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cu on the tuna fish which is sold in the Dupa Market Pekanbaru, and 2)analyzing the content of heavy metals Pb and Cu on Tuna,whether it has exceeded or not the threshold of SNI 2009. The study has been conducted in June to July 2015 in Dupa Market Pekanbaru City. The method used in this study is a survey method. The result showed that heavy metals Pb and Cu have the highest metal content are derived from Sibolga waters. The heavy metals content of tuna in Dupa Market of Pekanbaru were Pb of 1 – 3.98 ug/g and Cu of 0.22 - 0.93 ug/g,. The Safety limit consumption of tuna in Dupa Market Pekanbaru are Pb of 3.89 kg/week and Cu of 2456.76 kg/week. Based on this results showed the status for heavy metals of Pb and Cu on Tuna fish that sold at Dupa Market Pekanbaru is still safe and consumable.

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Hassan, Wardah, Sajid Abdullah, Naila Hadayat, Huma Naz, and Shakeela Parveen. "Changes in serum biochemistry of fish, Catla catla in response to metal toxicity." Journal of Zoo Biology 3, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.003.01.3027.

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In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of heavy metals i.e. nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) on the serum biochemical parameters of Catla catla. The fish were exposed to lethal concentrations (96-hr LC50) of selected metals. The studied serum biochemical parameters were sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), albumin (Alb), urea (U), glucose (Glu), aspartate aminotransferase (Ast) and alanine aminotransferase (Alt). Results revealed a decrease in Na, Cl and Alb levels of metal exposed fish at all exposure periods as compared to control. However, an increase in K, U, Glu, Ast and Alt levels was observed in the metal exposed fish. All the biochemical parameters showed significant dependence on exposure durations in both treated fish except Na and Alb in Zn treated fish. This study indicated that the alterations in serum biochemical parameters may be the result of the target tissue damage and dysfunction induced by the metal and that these parameters can thus be used to assess the toxic effects of metals on organisms.

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Ajani, E. K., and K. J. Balogun. "Variability in Levels of Heavy Metals in Water and Fish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) tissues from Badagry Creek, Nigeria." Journal of Biology and Life Science 6, no. 2 (August 3, 2015): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v6i2.7602.

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The occurrence of metals viz., lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) in water and fish ( Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) samples collected bi-monthly from nine stations (water) and 3 designated landing sites (fish) of Badagry creek were investigated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) method. With an exception of cadmium, metals concentration was lower in the water samples and higher in the fish tissues, indicating a bioaccumulation tendency of fish. Concentration levels in water were found in decreasing order of magnitude Cr > Pb > Fe > Zn > Cu > Cd. However, metals investigated except Cu (highest concentration in the liver) had highest concentrations in the fish gills, which could be related to the uptake pathway. The relatively lower wet season Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd in water could be attributed to a dilution effect of rainfall. Although, presently the mean concentrations of all the heavy metals except Pb in this study were moderate and within the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) permissible standard limit for aquatic life , the elevation of metal concentrations in this creek is inevitable under the prevailing conditions of increasing urbanization, industrialization and other forms of modernization in Badagry and environs. Nevertheless, it is imperative to ensure regular monitoring of heavy metal loading in this creek and other water bodies with a view to safeguard public health.

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Aly, Hadir A., Mohamed M. Abdel-Rahim, Ghada R. Sallam, Ayman M. Lotfy, and Basem S. Abdelaty. "Use of Natural Zeolites as a Detoxifier of Heavy Metals in Water and the Flesh of Reared European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 78, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2020-0012.

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AbstractA study was conducted to investigate the effects of natural zeolites as a water clarifier on the heavy metal removal efficiency from the underground saltwater used for rearing Dicentrarchus labrax fry. Five concentrations of zeolites were tested: 0 (Z0), 2.5‰ (Z2.5), 5‰ (Z5), 7.5‰ (Z7.5) and 10‰ (Z10). Fry with an initial body weight of 1.53±0.018 g/fish were stocked in 15 aquaria at a density of 10 fry/aquarium. The fish were fed a commercial diet (42% protein and 12.34% lipid) twice daily (09:30 and 14:00) at 5% of their body weight per day for 42 days. Growth, feed utilization, survival and heavy metal removal efficiency were evaluated. The growth performance and feed utilization indices gradually improved with increasing zeolite concentration, with the most significant (P≤0.05) values detected at Z10. The survival rate decreased significantly at Z10 compared with the control (Z0). Increasing the zeolite concentration significantly (P≤0.05) improved the removal efficiency of heavy metals in the rearing water with adsorption selectivity of Pb˃Cd˃Fe˃Cu˃Zn. Furthermore, an increase in the detoxification rate of heavy metals in fish flesh with increasing zeolite level was detected with the removal selectivity of Fe˃Cu˃Zn˃Pb˃Cd. In conclusion, it can be stated that natural zeolites can be used effectively to reduce heavy metals in polluted waters and subsequently in fish flesh in addition to improving fish performance.

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Olayinka-Olagunju, Josephine Omowumi. "Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Histopathological Studies of Fish Tissues from Ose River, Ondo State, Nigeria." European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 3, no. 4 (August 11, 2022): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2022.3.4.300.

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The exposure of the aquatic ecosystem to heavy metal from both natural and anthropogenic activities are on the rise and have harmful health effects on all aquatic organisms and human. This study assessed the concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Zn) in surface water, sediments and fish tissues of Ose River and examined the histopathological changes of the tissues of two fish species (Mormyrus rume and Clarias garienpinus). Surface water, sediments and fish samples were collected and procured from Ose River in Ondo State, Nigeria from February to April 2021. Heavy metal digestions were done in the laboratory using HNO3/HCl while the concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Histopathological alterations in the fish tissues were also assessed. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF), ecological risk index and potential ecological risk level were used to assess the investigated metal concentrations. In the surface water, the concentration of Cd (0.010–0.030 mg/l) and As (0.010–0.05 mg/l) exceeded the WHO limits of 0.01mg/l respectively while Fe, Pb, Cr and Zn were within the limits. In the sediments, all metals exceeded the limits except Pb and As. The concentrations of Pb (0.30±0.000–4.12±0.030 mg/l), Zn (9.970±0.010–30.77±0.023 mg/l), Cd (0.026±0.002–0.331±0.004 mg/l) and Cr (ND-0.331±0.004 mg/l) in the fish tissues were seen to be higher than the permissible limits of 0.5 mg/l, 5 mg/l, 0.005 mgl and 0.05-0.15 mg/l respectively. The BAF showed no probability. The alterations observed in the kidneys of the fish were cholestasis, necrosis, loss of glomeruli structure and tubular necrosis. While the gills showed congestion of the central veins and interlamellae hyperplasia caused by the presence of a monogenean parasite. The livers however revealed loss of hepatocytes nuclei, necrosis in hepatocytes and lymphocytic infiltrate. The study showed that the study site was polluted with heavy metals and may pose serious health issues to fishers, those using the water and people feeding on fish from the river. This study therefore suggests good indicators for bio-monitoring of heavy metals in Ose River. Seeing that the site was polluted with heavy metals hence, a more comprehensive assessment of the river is recommended.

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Mohiuddin, KM, Md Mehediul Alam, Md Shahinur Rahman, Md Shafiqul Islam, and Istiaq Ahmed. "Effect of polluted river water on growth, yield and heavy metal accumulation of red amaranth." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 3, no. 1 (May 26, 2016): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v3i1.27858.

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The present study was carried out to assess the levels of different heavy metals like chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) on red amaranth vegetable irrigated with polluted river water. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was used for analyzing the heavy metals in the samples. The results indicated a substantial build-up of heavy metals accumulation in red amaranth irrigated with polluted river water. The ranges of various metals in red amaranth samples irrigated with polluted river water were 0.450.93, 0.1470.175, 42.33479.73, 1.3112.04, 3.7135.11 and 10.9142.9 ?g g-1 for Cr, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn, respectively. Cadmium concentration was below the detection limit (0.01 ?g g-1) of the method used in the analysis. However, the regular monitoring of levels of these metals from effluents and sewage, in vegetables and in other food materials is essential to prevent excessive build-up of these metals in the food chain. In general, our results indicated that using polluted river water had no significant variation in growth and yield of red amaranth from the crops irrigated with fresh water.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 53-65, April 2016

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Hemmadi, Vijay. "A critical review on integrating multiple fish biomarkers as indicator of heavy metals contamination in aquatic ecosystem." International Journal of Bioassays 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 5494. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.9.5.

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An immense amount of data is available on biomarkers related to different eco-toxicants. But data on contaminant-specific biomarkers in fishes is sparse. Traditionally, detection and quantification of heavy metals in sediment, water, and biota gave us valuable information on the quantity and the type of heavy metal present in the ecosystem. This information can be utilized to select a heavy metal specific biomarker. For an instance, if Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Cupper (Cu) are at high concentration, then Metallothionein (MT) can be a good candidate biomarker. Along with this, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a very potent indicator of Iron (Fe) and Mercury (Hg) contamination and also Catalase (CAT) is specific for Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) exposure. For these kinds of selection of biomarker, the researchers should know heavy metals type specific biomarker. This review is the small effort towards cumulating the heavy metals type specific biomarker. This demonstrates the exposure and effects of heavy metals in fishes by integrating the heavy metal quantification and biomarker selection.

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Fehmeeda Afzal, Fehmeeda Afzal, Sonia Tariq Sonia Tariq, Ashraf Nadeem Ashraf Nadeem, Samiullah Samiullah, Jafar Iqbal Jafar Iqbal, Khalil Hasni Khalil Hasni, and Muhammad Aslam and Shaikh Sanaullah Muhammad Aslam and Shaikh Sanaullah. "A Review on Measurement of Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Muscles of Mugil cephalus." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 5 (2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000605/jcsp/43.05.2021.

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Heavy metals are an important class of compounds that is increasing in environment due to the anthropogenic activities. They are extremely toxic to human beings and animals. Many of them enter the water through industrial waste and effect the aquatic life. Fishes, for example, are an important source of food and they get effected by heavy metals when they ingest the infected sediments, mud and water. Heavy metals enter the food chain when infected fishes are consumed and effect humans as well. We highlight the recent (10-15 years) published work on measuring the levels of heavy metal in Mugilcephalus (Flathead mullet) fish. Out of all the methods compared and discussed in this paper, Atomic absorption spectroscopy was found to be the most preferred method and most commonly used by researchers because of its ease and cost. The most commonly used unit for metal detection in muscles was g/g (dry weight).The results also summarize advantages and drawbacks of methods used to digest muscles of the said species and heavy metal measurement. In selected studies, the levels of metals were also compared with the safe limits set by WHO, FAO and USEPA. This gives a lot of information about the edible fitness of the M.cephalus.

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Fehmeeda Afzal, Fehmeeda Afzal, Sonia Tariq Sonia Tariq, Ashraf Nadeem Ashraf Nadeem, Samiullah Samiullah, Jafar Iqbal Jafar Iqbal, Khalil Hasni Khalil Hasni, and Muhammad Aslam and Shaikh Sanaullah Muhammad Aslam and Shaikh Sanaullah. "A Review on Measurement of Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Muscles of Mugil cephalus." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 5 (2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000605.

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Heavy metals are an important class of compounds that is increasing in environment due to the anthropogenic activities. They are extremely toxic to human beings and animals. Many of them enter the water through industrial waste and effect the aquatic life. Fishes, for example, are an important source of food and they get effected by heavy metals when they ingest the infected sediments, mud and water. Heavy metals enter the food chain when infected fishes are consumed and effect humans as well. We highlight the recent (10-15 years) published work on measuring the levels of heavy metal in Mugilcephalus (Flathead mullet) fish. Out of all the methods compared and discussed in this paper, Atomic absorption spectroscopy was found to be the most preferred method and most commonly used by researchers because of its ease and cost. The most commonly used unit for metal detection in muscles was g/g (dry weight).The results also summarize advantages and drawbacks of methods used to digest muscles of the said species and heavy metal measurement. In selected studies, the levels of metals were also compared with the safe limits set by WHO, FAO and USEPA. This gives a lot of information about the edible fitness of the M.cephalus.

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Singare, P. U., S. E. L. Ferns, and E. R. Agharia. "Studies on Toxic Heavy Metals in Sediment Ecosystem of Mahim Creek near Mumbai, India." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 43 (January 2015): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.43.62.

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The present study was performed for the period of one year from June 2012 to May 2013 in order to understand the level of toxic heavy metals in the sediments of Mahim Creek near Mumbai. The annual average concentration of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni and Hg was found to be 9.88, 2.33, 1.41, 33.31, 22.07, 32.21 and 32.06 ppm respectively. It is feared that this heavy metals accumulated in the creek sediments might affect the benthic macro invertebrates whose metabolic activities contribute to aquatic productivity. The results of present study indicates that the existing situation if mishandled can cause toxic effect on sediment dwelling organisms and fish, resulting in decrease survival, reduced growth, or impaired reproduction and lowered species diversity.

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Singare, P. U., S. E. L. Ferns, and E. R. Agharia. "Studies on Toxic Heavy Metals in Sediment Ecosystem of Mahim Creek near Mumbai, India." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 43 (January 4, 2015): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-a20ixz.

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The present study was performed for the period of one year from June 2012 to May 2013 in order to understand the level of toxic heavy metals in the sediments of Mahim Creek near Mumbai. The annual average concentration of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni and Hg was found to be 9.88, 2.33, 1.41, 33.31, 22.07, 32.21 and 32.06 ppm respectively. It is feared that this heavy metals accumulated in the creek sediments might affect the benthic macro invertebrates whose metabolic activities contribute to aquatic productivity. The results of present study indicates that the existing situation if mishandled can cause toxic effect on sediment dwelling organisms and fish, resulting in decrease survival, reduced growth, or impaired reproduction and lowered species diversity.

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Walczak, Marek, and Michał Reichert. "Characteristics of selected bioaccumulative substances and their impact on fish health." Journal of Veterinary Research 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2016-0070.

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Abstract The aim of this article was to evaluate the influence and effects of chosen bioaccumulative substances i.e. heavy metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on fish, as well as provide information on time trends and potential threat to human health. Chemical substances which pollute water may affect living organisms in two ways. First of all, large amounts of chemical substances may cause sudden death of a significant part of the population of farmed fish, without symptoms (i.e. during breakdown of factories or industrial sewage leaks). However, more frequently, chemical substances accumulate in tissues of living organisms affecting them chronically. Heavy metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls are persistent substances with a long-lasting biodegradation process. In a water environment they usually accumulate in sediments, which makes them resistant to biodegradation processes induced by, e.g., the UV light. These substances enter the fish through direct consumption of contaminated water or by contact with skin and gills. Symptoms of intoxication with heavy metals, pesticides, and PCBs may vary and depend on the concentration and bioavailability of these substances, physicochemical parameters of water, and the fish itself.

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Abou-Raya, M., M. Shalaby, A. Kassem, Amalika El-Dahshan, and Faten Ibrahim. "EFFECT OF COOKING METHODS ON HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN BOLTI FISH FROM DIFFERENT ENVIROMENTS." Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences 32, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 5413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jfds.2007.204596.

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Atta, M. B., L. A. El-Sebaie, M. A. Noaman, and H. E. Kassab. "The effect of cooking on the content of heavy metals in fish (Tilapia nilotica)." Food Chemistry 58, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(95)00205-7.

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Gevorgyan, Gor, Armine Mamyan, Tatevik Boshyan, Tigran Vardanyan, and Ashok Vaseashta. "Heavy Metal Contamination in an Industrially Affected River Catchment Basin: Assessment, Effects, and Mitigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062881.

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The concentrations of some heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Pb, Cd) were measured in river waters, macrozoobenthos, and fish (Kura scrapers) from one of the most developed mining areas in Armenia, the Debed River catchment basin. In order to assess heavy metal contamination and its hydro-ecological and health effects, the macrozoobenthos quantitative and qualitative parameters, geo-accumulation index, and hazard index were determined. Microalgal extraction experiments were conducted to assess the microalgal remediation efficiency for heavy metal removal from mining wastewaters. The results showed that the rivers in many sites were polluted with different heavy metals induced by mining activities, which adversely affected macrozoobenthos growth and caused human health risks in the case of waters used for drinking purposes. However, the river fish, particularly Kura scrapers, were determined to be safe for consumption by the local people, as per the conditions of the evaluated fish ingestion rate. The results have shown that microalgal remediation, particularly with Desmodesmus abundans M3456, can be used for the efficient removal ~(62–100%) of certain emerging contaminants (Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) from mining wastewater discharged in the Debed catchment basin.

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