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1
Schindler, Rose. "Effective Prevention for Children: Conceptual and Methodological Advances". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-194396.
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This dissertation addresses various methodological and conceptual challenges of prevention programs for preschool children. It focuses on two major topics, (1) methodological guidelines for longitudinal studies in the context of prevention projects, and (2) analyses of emotional development and moral emotions. After a brief introduction to the research questions in Chapter 1, Chapters 2 and 3 address the methodological branch of my research, and Chapters 4 to 6 will analyze several aspects of moral development and moral emotions. In the final Chapter 7, all findings are summarized in view of their application to prevention work in the context of childhood development.
2
Chalmers, Malcolm G. "Spending to save: Is conflict prevention cost-effective". University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3626.
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YesThe objective of this study is to provide an evidence base concerning the costs and benefits of conflict prevention (CP) activities (defined as those activities undertaken primarily to reduce the risk of conflict), compared with those of engaging after large-scale conflict has begun.
3
Russell, Alecia Marie. "An Effective Dropout Prevention Program for Urban Students". Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1260899676.
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4
Parrish, Candace P. "EXPLORING VISUAL PREVENTION: DEVELOPING INFOGRAPHICS AS EFFECTIVE CERVICAL CANCER PREVENTION FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN". VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4455.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the creation of a cervical cancer health prevention infographic, geared toward African American women ages 30 to 65, to be potentially used to raise health literacy and influence positive behaviors towards practicing prevention measures—ultimately preventing unnecessary deaths. This dissertation also produced a cervical cancer health prevention infographic prototype for African American Women ages 30 to 65 to be further tested and implemented within future health communication campaigns.
Cervical Cancer is both preventable and treatable (if diagnosed during early stages); therefore the amount of individuals dying from the cancer should be minimal. Still, African American Women in this study’s target health population are dying from Cervical Cancer the most. Existing research highlights that social determinants of health (like income, education and literacy) play varying roles as barriers to prevention (Baldwin, 1996; J. L. Davis et al., 2013; Egbert & Parrott, 2001; Ford et al., 2013; McKinnon, Harper, & Moore, 2011; Sung, Alema-Mensah, & Blumenthal, 2002; Williams & Templin, 2013).
. This dissertation specifically focuses on targeting the potential to increase health literacy on Cervical Cancer to potentially positively influence prevention uptake.
Drawing upon fields like health communication, visual communication and social science research, this research endeavor presents an interdisciplinary approach to potentially solving health communication issue within an at-risk population. The theoretical framework in guiding infographic production for this dissertation was the Health Belief Model, which is widely used in health communication research to assess failure of prevention uptake (du Pré, 2014; Glanz et al., 2005; Maibach & Parrott, 1995; Rosenstock, 2000).
The Health Belief Model in conjunction with existing literature regarding health literacy, cultural stigma and relevance in communication campaigns geared toward African American Women ages 30 to 65, infographic content was created and presented to study participants via six interactive focus groups. The focus group methodology of qualitative research allowed for 17 study participants to confidentially engage in dialogue with peers concerning the issue at hand while also helping to create the content hierarchy, enhance and suggest visuals, colors and themes of the proposed infographic.
Iterative data analysis approaches allow for constant assessment of study outcomes and themes. This study produces theoretical, practical and methodological implications for future research on the lacking area of scholarly literature. Findings from this dissertation suggest a need to (1) test the proposed infographic for potential national health campaign usage, (2) a need for more long-term collaborative community efforts for continual population access in research on Cervical Cancer prevention, and (3) future assessment of a newer form of focus group research that focuses on incorporation smaller participant groups for increased hands-on interactivity.
5
Siu, Kit-hung Tony. "The bill of rights : a burden to effective crime control /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1378125X.
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Agboola, Shade. "Smoking relapse prevention : abstinence, relapse, current practice and effective interventions". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43623/.
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Smoking remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In 2013/2014, 454,700 hospital admissions in the UK amongst persons 35 years and over were estimated to be attributable to smoking. This accounts for 4 per cent of all hospital admissions in this age group. In 2013, 17% (78,200) of all deaths in adults aged 35 and over were estimated to be caused by smoking[1]. Reducing smoking therefore, remains a major priority for governments and health systems like the UK National Health Service (NHS). Following the publication of the Government’s White Paper, Smoking Kills[2] in 1998, a comprehensive tobacco control strategy was implemented. This strategy was aimed at reducing uptake of smoking and increasing quitting among existing smokers, and involved a combination of population tobacco control interventions (such as price rises, an advertising ban and smoke-free legislation) combined with treatment for dependent smokers through the NHS. A Tobacco Control Plan for England was also produced in 2011 which explained the government’s strategy to reduce smoking through the new public health system[3]. This plan outlined commitments to implement legislation to end display of tobacco in shops, to encourage smokers to quit and remaining quit by using effective forms of support and implementing a policy of using tax to maintain the high price of tobacco. Effective forms of support may be behavioural, pharmacological or a combination of both[3]. In the UK, support is often delivered by stop smoking services (SSS), although smokers, who wish to, may obtain smoking cessation medication from their GP[4]. These SSS have been shown to be cost effective, but the majority, 85% of smokers attending the services, have relapsed by one year. The nature of nicotine addiction means that smoking is a chronic relapsing condition[5], with many smokers unable to sustain abstinence. Smoking relapse rates can be extremely high (up to 90% in the first 3 months)[6], and only 3%-5% of unsupported/untreated quitters maintain their quit attempt for 6 months or longer[7]. This high relapse rate reflects the addictive nature of cigarette smoking and underscores the importance of finding effective relapse prevention interventions for use in routine practice, which can be delivered alongside or after acute cessation has ended. There is no universally accepted definition of what interventions to prevent relapse to smoking (relapse prevention interventions - RPIs) should comprise; many smoking cessation programmes simply modify the content of existing, cessation-orientated support and deliver these as relapse prevention[8]. The paucity of information regarding provision of smoking relapse prevention is in contrast to the wide availability of evidence for the use of acute cessation treatments which has grown rapidly over recent decades. A variety of effective treatments now exist which can increase the chances of stopping smoking up to fourfold compared with no support[9], but research suggests that relapse prevention interventions and treatments are not as widely known or even used. At the time the research was conceived, there was very little information about the effectiveness of RPIs. A number of studies had investigated effectiveness of behavioural support, pharmacotherapies, and combination treatments, as forms of relapse prevention or maintenance treatment, and one Cochrane Review[8] found no evidence for the effectiveness of behavioural RPIs, but this may have been because the review combined smoking outcomes obtained at different follow-up time points after quitting and this may have obscured real effects of RPIs. The review found insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of extended treatment with bupropion and weak evidence for the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy for relapse prevention. There was, therefore, a need to examine current literature and synthesize data from a wide variety of studies, using a different approach from that used in the Cochrane Review to enhance interpretation of findings. In addition to ascertaining whether or not RPIs are effective, there was also a need to explore feasibility of provision within local Smoking Cessation Services. No study had explored feasibility of provision of RPIs within Stop Smoking Services, and whether these interventions would be acceptable to smokers trying to quit, mainly because the use of relapse prevention interventions in a local smoking cessation service was not only relatively new and unproven, there was also no information regarding smokers’ perceptions of relapse prevention interventions Abstinence and relapse during a quit process is still poorly understood, especially relapse after the use of a smoking cessation aid. A few studies had investigated patterns of relapse and abstinence in smokers who quit smoking unaided and two reviews[7 10] found that the majority of relapse occurred in the first two weeks of starting a quit attempt. The majority of smokers who wish to quit smoking use some form of evidence based treatment. It was therefore important to explore patterns of relapse in smokers who have attempted to quit smoking with the aid of a smoking cessation treatment. The work presented here is for the degree of PhD by publication and is based upon five publications in high quality peer reviewed journals between 2009 and 2015. I am the lead author on four of the included papers and the final and corresponding author on one paper. The research forms a coherent body of work informing the evidence base on smoking relapse prevention interventions (RPIs). This has contributed to the evidence base around four key aspects of smoking relapse prevention: knowledge, views and beliefs, effectiveness of smoking relapse prevention interventions, feasibility of delivery of RPIs within UK Stop Smoking Services, and abstinence and relapse patterns amongst smokers who quit smoking with the aid of a pharmacological smoking cessation treatment. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, quantitative research and qualitative research were used to generate the data which supported the exploration of the four themes outlined below. Specifically, the published works have identified: • Knowledge, Understanding, Views and Beliefs: there was no shared understanding of what relapse prevention meant to Stop Smoking Service professionals or the kinds of interventions that should be used for this, but a willingness to provide such treatments was apparent. (Agboola SA, Coleman, T and McNeill, A. (2009). Relapse prevention in UK Stop Smoking Services: a qualitative study of health professionals' views and beliefs. BMC Health Services Research. 9:67 and Agboola SA, Coleman TJ, Leonardi-Bee J, McEwen A and McNeill A (2010). Provision of relapse prevention interventions in UK NHS Stop Smoking Services: a survey. BMC Health Services Research 10:214) • Effectiveness of smoking relapse prevention interventions: A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials of nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline showed that these interventions are effective for relapse prevention. A meta-analysis of four studies of nicotine replacement therapy found that smokers who used NRT for relapse prevention were 1.56 times more likely to remain abstinent at six months follow-up compared to placebo (95% confidence interval 1.16 to 2.11). A pooled analysis of four studies of bupropion showed evidence for effectiveness at long term follow-up (12 to 18 months) with an odds ratio of 1.49 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.01). A single study of varenicline also demonstrated evidence for effectiveness for relapse prevention. (Agboola S, McNeill A, Coleman T and Leonardi-Bee, J (2010). A systematic review of the effectiveness of smoking relapse prevention interventions for abstinent smokers.Addiction 105, 1362–1380) This was the first time that RPIs had been proven effective, and now that there appeared to be evidence of efficacy, it was appropriate to investigate feasibility of introducing these into routine clinical practice (next study). • Feasibility of delivering relapse prevention: A study investigating the feasibility, uptake and acceptability of offering nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a relapse prevention intervention (RPI) within UK Stop Smoking Services, showed that NRT can be added to existing treatment protocols, and that of 260 SSS clients who were eligible and offered this intervention, 44% (95% confidence interval 38% to 50%) accepted the offer. • Abstinence and relapse patterns: A pooled analysis of 19 trials of varenicline showed that varenicline recruits smokers into abstinence following the target quit date to a greater extent than placebo (point prevalence abstinence increased from 32% [95% confidence interval 25% to 40%] in week two to 54% [95% confidence interval 48% to 61%] in week 12). A higher immediate relapse rate following varenicline treatment discontinuation was also observed, which implied that there would be smokers who would benefit from a longer course of treatment.
7
Siu, Kit-hung Tony, e 蕭傑雄. "The bill of rights: a burden to effective crime control". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977777.
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Jackson, Janet Marlene. "School counselors' perceptions of effective components in adolescent suicide prevention programs". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2719.
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The purpose of this project was to explore perceptions of effective components in adolescent suicide prevention programs among San Bernardino school counselors. The stress model and the mental health model are the two models implemented in suicide prevention programs.
9
Monchalin, Lisa A. "Reducing Crime Affecting Urban Aboriginal People: The Potential for Effective Solutions in Winnipeg". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20579.
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This study examined the knowledge relevant to reducing crime affecting urban Aboriginal people through a risk-focused approach to prevention and a growing body of knowledge about how it gets implemented. It then examined this knowledge in a case study of its application in Winnipeg.
Interviews were undertaken using a structured questionnaire with program stakeholders and policy planners involved in crime prevention initiatives, programming and policy in Winnipeg. Approximately half of the stakeholders were involved primarily with Aboriginal people and the other half were involved with programs that included both Aboriginal people and non-Aboriginal people. The interviews took place from September to November 2009.
The interviews show that many stakeholders agree with the risk-focused prevention literature on risk factors and that there are prevention programs operating in Winnipeg serving at-risk Aboriginal people. Therefore, there exists the possibility of reducing crime given that they are tackling risk factors in a way which is consistent with crime prevention research.
However, when the interviews turned to issues of implementation, it showed:
• There is no responsibility centre to mobilize different sectors to tackle crime
• Many programs are not implemented comprehensively
• There is a lack of localized coordinated action (including support from the police chief and public engagement)
• There is a lack of political leadership
• There is no city-wide strategic plan, and
• Programs are in constant competition for funding in order to continue operations.
If we are to reduce the disproportionate rates of victimization and offending affecting urban Aboriginal peoples, we need to find more effective ways to implement the strategies that are proven to tackle risk factors. There must be support from the mayor and police chief, training and capacity development, and public engagement which fosters strong use of proven strategies. A responsibility centre with Aboriginal representation must be created. Funding must be expanded to support the community based organizations that are tackling established risk factors. Finally, sustained and adequate funding must be provided to these programs and the responsibility centre.
10
Woodhouse, Marjolein. "Are strategies, including mechanical and traditional repositioning, effective for pressure ulcer prevention?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/411975/.
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Pressure ulcers represent a debilitating condition for patients and present a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. To determine the risk of pressure ulcer development, patients are typically assessed with pressure ulcer risk assessment scales. Bed-bound patients deemed at risk of pressure ulcers may receive a range of interventions, including regular repositioning by nursing staff. However, this is resource intensive and could be augmented by mechanical lateral rotation systems, although there is a paucity of research examining these systems. Several experimental studies were conducted, utilising physical output parameters and comfort assessments to examine the efficacy and acceptability of two lateral rotation systems, when compared to traditional repositioning, in cohorts of healthy participants. In addition, a study sought to determine the inter-practitioner variability of traditional repositioning. An integrative review of pressure ulcer risk assessments scales was further undertaken, to update and extend previous reviews. A number of differences were observed in the physical and comfort data, some of which were device dependent. A trend towards fewer instances of compromised tissue viability was observed during traditional repositioning, although some participants preferred turning by means of a lateral rotation system. Considerable variation was noted in the repositioning technique employed by practitioners, even after written guidance, and offloading of vulnerable areas was not always achieved. Ninety-four risk assessment scales were identified, but only 15% of these scales were assessed for inter-rater reliability. The methodological quality of such studies was often poor. Lateral rotation systems may provide an adjunct to repositioning by traditional methods, but the design is important, both in terms of efficacy and acceptability. Practitioners should be provided with practical training, focusing on the procedural aspects of repositioning. Further high-quality primary research is required to evaluate existing risk assessment scales.
11
Yee, Winston M. "Are police directed crime prevention programs effective?, an evaluative study of the University of Manitoba Campus Police's crime prevention programs". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/MQ32976.pdf.
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Newton, Andrew David. "Crime and disorder on buses : towards an evidence base for effective crime prevention". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400407.
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Shah, Parag Indra. "Barriers to and enablers for effective pollution prevention practices in the Air Force". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10290.
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Greenwood, Susan Lindsley. "A Study of Washington Secondary Principals' Perceptions of Effective Dropout Prevention Policies and Programs". PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1191.
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This study examined what Washington high school principals perceive to be the most effective dropout prevention policies and programs. The population included all public high schools in the State of Washington. Five questions were posed: 1. (a) What preventative measures, intervention programs or student services designed to enhance environmental and personal factors are perceived to have reduced dropout rates? (b) Does the availability of those services and programs account for a significant difference in the actual dropout rates? 2. (a) What personal/psychological factors characterize potential dropouts? (b) Do these identifying characteristics account for a significant variance in the actual dropout rates? 3. (a) What environmental factors influence dropout rates in the schools? (b) Do these factors account for a significant variance in the actual dropout rates? 4. What intervention programs or student services are available in the sample? 5. What demographic factors in the sample schools significantly affect dropout rates? The study incorporated both quantitative and qualitative methodology. Ninety six questionnaires were returned for a response rate of 64 percent. The survey gathered information about each school's demographics, opinions about potential dropouts' identifying characteristics, opinions about the school environment availability of services and programs in each building and district, and which programs they felt to be the most effective, ranking the top ten from a list of twenty possible programs, policies, or services. Six schools were visited and their principals were interviewed to get additional information about their programs and effectiveness. Data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA, multiple regression, and paired comparisons. The policies, services, and programs felt to be most effective were: In-house progressive discipline, vocational programs, a written building attendance policy, out-of-building alternative programs, cooperative work programs, freshman bonding programs, small group advisories, in-building alternative programs, a written district attendance policy, a required life skills class, honors courses, and alcohol/drug-related programs. Available programs accounting for a variance in actual dropout rates were: Monetary incentives, child care facilities, English taught as a second language, honors courses, and parent effectiveness programs. Identified personal characteristics accounting for a variance in actual dropout rates were: Working full-time, low self-esteem, parents' background, low grades, teen pregnancy, and being of a racial minority. Environmental factors accounting for a variance in actual dropout rates were: High parent and community involvement with the school, self-esteem classes and small-group advisories, and the Excellence reform. Demographic factors accounting for a variance in actual dropout rates were: economic stability, gender of principal, and use of free school lunch. The research suggests that those programs and practices accounting for a variance in actual dropout rates should be examined for their interaction of involved factors. If the discussed personal and environmental factors are present, those effective interactive practices should be implemented in order to reduce dropout rates.
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Al, Ali Mohamed. "Towards effective juvenile delinquency prevention strategies and policies in Abu Dhabi police : an investigation of critical factors". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/15691.
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Crime and other kinds of anti-social behaviour are viewed as serious social problems. These issues exist in all countries, but they are especially prevalent within the UAE, a country that recently has undergone rapid social changes within a short period of time. There is a vital need to identify appropriate preventive programmes suitable to the surrounding culture, as well as factors that could lead to effective solutions. Because there is a deficiency of research on crime prevention within Arab countries, this study focuses explicitly on the prevention of juvenile delinquency in the UAE. It considers processes of implementing effective crime prevention strategies, approaches, and programmes. This study uses qualitative methods, in the form of document analyses and semi-structured interviews. The first element of data-gathering is an exploration of the context of juvenile delinquency and juvenile crime prevention in Abu Dhabi, something which has not comprehensively been done before. The second part concentrates on participants from the Abu Dhabi Police force and other organisations involved in preventive work in the area of juvenile delinquency, in order to obtain extensive and detailed information about the dynamics of juvenile crime and potential strategies of prevention. The findings of this research offer several recommendations that could help to implement successful prevention strategies in the Middle East in general and in the UAE in particular. This study identifies and explains critical risk factors, and explores the cultural considerations that must be taken into account when designing and implementing prevention programmes. It identifies several requirements that should be considered for the formation of partnerships in the prevention of juvenile crime. It includes some important recommendations for the Abu Dhabi Police force for its future development and improvement. It also contains some general recommendations for the Government of the United Arab Emirates. Further research directions are also suggested, in light of this study’s findings and its potential limitations.
16
Sahoo, Chintamani. "Student retention and expert system design for effective intervention in four-year colleges". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185900.
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The Problem of educational attainment and student retention have received increasing attention by social researchers for many years. The focus of analysis has shifted from describing status mobility to the causal sequence of status transmission and attainment. The present study examines the process of formal educational attainment through student retention in American four-year colleges by applying objective and subjective variables in a sequence of causal relationships. The results of the study show student retention in higher education may depend on institutional resources such as, parent and sibling's educational attainments in addition to strong individual commitment to educational goals and positive feelings about the institution that the student attends. Though the sample in the study are relatively disadvantaged in academic ability, the findings suggest that high schools and colleges as primary socializing agents provide powerful influences in developing educational aspirations and commitments that help in the process of educational attainment among young adults. Taking relevant factors of retention, the knowledge-base is created for the design of expert system. User interface is developed with the help of object-oriented language to access the knowledge-base. The expert system will provide useful services to the users in terms of prescribing, monitoring and evaluating individualized intervention program(s) for the high risk students. This service will facilitate the process of educational attainment among the high risk students and perhaps, will help retain them in the given institution.
17
Walter, Frank. "The development of effective leadership investigating the antecedents of charismatic and prevention-oriented leadership behaviors /". lizenzfrei, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3415.
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Carney, Katharine. "Marine bioinvasion prevention : understanding ballast water transportation conditions and the development of effective treatment systems". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1246.
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Man’s impact on the Earth is constantly increasing due to ever progressing technological developments. One of our major impacts is the transportation of organisms to new habitats, leading to alterations of existing ecosystems. Mechanisms responsible for the transportation of marine organisms are mainly associated with the shipping industry e.g. hull fouling, sea chests and ballast water. Ballast water has long been recognised as one of the major mechanisms by which aquatic organisms are transported to new environments. In 2004 the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments was adopted and measures were implemented to reduce and control the number of future invasions. This thesis has addressed aspects relevant to the future prevention of organism transport via ballast water. Firstly, during ballast water uptake organisms are exposed to potential damage whilst passing through a centrifugal pump. Upon reaching the ballast tanks they are stored in dark, confined conditions. These processes are not intended to damage individuals, but both could potentially kill organisms and reduce the discharge of live individuals. Both processes were examined in isolation to determine their effect on plankton survival. To manage ballast water introductions water treatment technologies have been investigated to determine their ability to kill plankton. This study assessed three technologies: a stainless steel 40μm screen filter, a UV light and a chlorine based chemical, for their potential in ballast water treatments. A further challenge facing researchers involved in developing ballast water treatment systems is accurately assessing the resulting mortality in plankton from treatments. Five common viability assessment methods were investigated and their application on test organisms and natural populations examined. This thesis concludes that no significant mortality was caused to plankton by a centrifugal pump, and phytoplankton are able to survive long periods in dark confined conditions. Thus these processes will not prevent viable organisms reaching new destinations. The three treatments assessed were all effective on two iii test species and could be utilised in large scale treatment systems on board vessels to minimise introductions. Finally, while viability is difficult to assess in plankton using viability stains it is possible to obtain accurate information if the methods used are properly optimised prior to use.
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CLUTTERBUCK, OWEN LEE. "A CASE STUDY OF AN EFFECTIVE SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR ADOLESCENT MALES WITH EMOTIONAL / BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin983560601.
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Tong, Chi-chung Eddy, e 湯熾忠. "The Police Cadet School in Hong Kong: is it an effective means to prevent juvenile delinquency?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979087.
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Ribeiro, Bruno. "Study of Effective Use of Sugarcane Residue as Eco-friendly Construction Materials for Disaster Prevention Structures". Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263808.
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付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(総合学術)
甲第23347号
総総博第20号
京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻
(主査)教授 山敷 庸亮, 教授 山本 貴士, 教授 寶 馨, 教授 齋藤 敬
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Philosophy
Kyoto University
DFAM
22
Stelzel, Margaret Kay. "Is a School Based Educational Program Effective in Changing Knowledge Regarding the Prevention of Shaken Baby Syndrome?" [Milwaukee, Wis.] : e-Publications@Marquette, 2009. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/4.
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Titus, Anton Jacobus. "Building safe and secure schools for effective learning in the Western Cape". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8209_1255355549.
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Existing situations at various schools, especially in post apartheid South Africa suggest that the education environment for effective teaching and learning is problematic for several reasons namely a lack of safety and security, poor governance and management and a lack of community ownership and partnership. This research however assumed that the implementation of safety related policies and other departmental guidelines is the foundation for effective learning, especially in the Western Cape. The primary aim and objective of this research was to ensure that learning takes place in an environment free from crime, violence, drugs, intimidation and fear. It was an assessment to acquire information from schools and other role-players regarding the status of safety and security in schools and to verify whether crime prevention policies are implemented.
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Schindler, Rose [Verfasser], Udo [Akademischer Betreuer] Rudolph, Udo [Gutachter] Rudolph e Josef [Gutachter] Krems. "Effective Prevention for Children: Conceptual and Methodological Advances / Rose Schindler ; Gutachter: Udo Rudolph, Josef Krems ; Betreuer: Udo Rudolph". Chemnitz : Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1213814448/34.
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Tilley, Elizabeth Heidi. "Bridging the Gap: Fertility Timing in the United States, Theoretical Vantage Points, Effective Public Policy, and Prevention Design". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265612.
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The United States has one of the highest teen pregnancy rates among developed countries and ranks third overall in rates of teen pregnancy out of thirty countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperative Development, OECD (UNICEF, 2007). However, as a country we are spending an enormous amount of money on teen pregnancy prevention programs. For example, the Office of Adolescent Health has implemented grant funding opportunities for teen pregnancy prevention programs and provides approximately $105 million to states to design these programs. These programs include personal responsibility education and abstinence only education (http://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/oah-initiatives/tpp). If we are spending this much on these programs, why do we still have one of the highest teen pregnancy rates among developed countries? Based on what we have learned from current prevention efforts, the goal of this dissertation is two-fold, to introduce alternative theoretical approaches for prevention design and test determinants and protective factors of sexual risk-taking in adolescence. To obtain these goals, this dissertation was written using the three paper option that contains a theoretical paper and two empirical papers that test hypotheses of determinants of sexual risk-taking in adolescence and possible factors that protect youth from engaging in sexual risk-taking, such as school-wide communication and sexual education. The theoretical paper introduces alternative theoretical approaches to not only target individual behavior that may be risky, but also target the contextual constraints in which teens are operating. The empirical papers analyze possible determinants and protective factors for sexual risk-taking in youth.
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Penn, Linda Dorothy. "Type 2 diabetes prevention in high-risk individuals : how might effective, equitable and sustainable service provison be achieved?" Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2507.
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Background: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing worldwide, linked to the obesity epidemic. There is substantial research evidence for T2D prevention by lifestyle interventions in high-risk individuals. The span of this research provides a unique case study with which to critically examine general guidance for development and evaluation of interventions to improve health. My research question is how might can effective, equitable and sustainable service provision for T2D prevention in high-risk individuals be achieved? Methods: Five papers reporting my empirical T2D prevention research form the core of my thesis. This research extends from the European Diabetes Prevention Study (EDIPS) RCT to the ‘New life, New you’ (NLNY) feasibility study. NLNY is a community based lifestyle intervention to reduce T2D incidence that is delivered by fitness trainers in North East England. To inform my research question I have reviewed intervention guidance history. I have then used T2D prevention as a case study, supported by my empirical research experience, to analyse this guidance Findings: Development of the NLNY intervention built on the EDIPS RCT evidence and experience. Pilot evaluation of NLNY suggests a feasible and acceptable intervention that is likely to be effective in preventing T2D. Prevention of T2D provided a useful exemplar for analysis of intervention guidance and highlighted strengths and limitations of existing guidance models. This analysis led to a proposed new guidance framework. Conclusions: The NLNY intervention provides a potential service provision model for T2D prevention in high-risk individuals. Well planned effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evaluation of the NLNY intervention is now needed. The analysis of intervention guidance and the proposed new framework will contribute to developing a robust study design. If effectiveness of the NLNY intervention is demonstrated there is potential for this community based intervention model to be further developed and adapted.
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Parry, Charles, e Bronwyn Myers. "Beyond the rhetoric : towards a more effective and humane drug policy framework in South Africa". Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18783.
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The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaThe March 2011 Anti-Substance Abuse Summit in Durban continued the outdated approach to policy around illicit drugs in South Africa. It missed opportunities for discussing how to impact significantly on the health and social harms associated with problematic drug use and reduce the burden of drug-related cases in the criminal justice system. The government needs to move away from the political rhetoric of a ‘drug-free society’ and start the real work of formulating and implementing an evidence-based drug policy that learns from the experiences of other countries around decriminalising drug use; takes into account differences in the harms resulting from different classes of drugs; adopts a rights-based, public health approach to policy; and identifies a single (accountable) agency that has the authority to oversee policy implementation. In addition, consensus is needed on the short-, medium- and long-term priorities for drug policy implementation. The 17 evidence-based drug policy strategies identified by Babor et al. may serve as a useful starting point for policy development.
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Pramanick, Papun. "Effective approaches to minimize the problem of pharmaceuticals and other personal care products in the environment /". Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/5970.
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Tymensen, Wilco, e University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Please understand me : effective leadership practices and strategies that increase graduation rates". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/365.
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The primary purpose of this study was to examine how leadership strategies and
practices contribute to student retention and sustained improvement in student graduation
rates. The issue of students' success and graduation is important because educational
attainment is positively correlated with every single important life outcome, and high
school completion is widely regarded as the minimum education qualification needed to
be able to earn an adequate income in the labour market (Levin, 2006). The conceptual
framework of the study was built on Leithwood's transformational leadership model:
setting direction (visions, goals and higher expectations), developing people
(individualized support, intellectual stimulation and modeling), and redesigning the
organization (culture, structure, policy and community relationships). Nine principals,
were interviewed from four zone six Alberta school jurisdictions with significantly larger
than provincial average three and five-year completion data, to determine how these
formal leaders relate or support leadership strategies and Leithwood's Leadership
practices to positively effect retention and graduation.
Although many of the factors that impact on educational outcomes lie entirely
outside the scope and responsibility of the school system, school leaders can utilize
Leithwood's transformational leadership practices to increase the commitment of
teachers to boost graduation rates. Leaders can and should seek to engage the support of
teachers for this vision for the school and to enhance their capacities to contribute to
achieving this goal. In general, leaders need to recognize the multi-faceted nature of the
concept of at-risk and its affect on retention and graduation rates, and need to develop
broad, multi-faceted prevention strategies and practices.x, 160 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Morrow, Linda. "Instructional design from theory to practice, a guidebook for designing and implementing effective instruction : alcohol abuse prevention programs for adolescents". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0011/MQ52472.pdf.
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Boyd, Jesse Travis. "Online Credit Recovery as an Effective Intervention for American Students at Risk of Dropping Out of High School". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72860.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which online credit recovery is effective at allowing students to regain lost credits and to determine any differences that may exist in credit recovery based on a student's gender, socio-economic status, race/ethnicity, and course taken. This study analyzed these differences in respect to core and elective online credit recovery courses. Every school year, over 1.2 million students drop out of high school in the United States (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2001). One in four African American students and nearly one in five Hispanic students attend high schools where graduating is not the norm (United States Department of Education, 2013). Poor students (bottom 20 percent of all family incomes) are five times more likely to drop out of high school than high-income students (top 20 percent of all family incomes) (Chapman, Laird, Ifill, and KewalRamani, 2011). On average, 72 percent of male students earn a diploma compared with 78 percent of female students, a gender gap of 6 percentage points that has remained virtually unchanged for years (Education Week, 2013). Research has shown that students who miss or fail academic courses are at greater risk of dropping out of school than their peers. To re-engage these students researchers recommend that schools provide extra academic support (Dynarski, Clarke, Cobb, Finn, Rumberger, and Smink, 2008). Extra academic support has most recently come in the form of online credit recovery. The results of this study showed that online credit recovery is an effective instructional method for students in need of recovering lost core and elective credits. The results showed that females outperformed male students, and more affluent students recorded a higher pass rate than less fortunate students. Hispanic and Black students received a passing grade at a rate comparable to White students. Results varied depending on the course a student took. Instructional leaders, who are dedicated to the promotion of student learning and the quality of instruction, should consider it a priority to recognize the emerging trends in dropout prevention and to assess the effectiveness of online credit recovery programs.Ed. D.
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Baah, Juliana. "Minimizing Home Health Care-Acquired Pressure Injuries through Effective Nursing Teamwork". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4589.
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Pressure injuries (PIs) affect an estimated 2.5 million people in America and cost the nation approximately $11.6 billion each year. The goal of this DNP project was to minimize the rate of PIs at a home health care agency through effective teamwork. Prevention of PIs is very important because PIs damage patients' skin integrity, cause significant amount of pain, are costly to treat, and cause life-threatening infections. The purpose of this DNP project was to evaluate nursing compliance with PI prevention measures and the level of nursing teamwork at the project agency. The Braden-Bergstrom conceptual framework was used to explain the etiology and progression of PI while Lewin's Change Theory was used to promote behavioral change in the nursing team. The practice-focused questions for closing the gap between nursing knowledge and practice were what percentage of nurses complied with standard PI prevention guidelines and what was the level of nursing staff teamwork in the agency per the Nursing Teamwork Survey [NTS]. This PI prevention initiative used a cross-sectional design. Data collection involved review of nursing documentation and electronic surveying of all nursing staff using the MISSCARE survey, the NTS, and the AHRQ assessment checklists, which were completed via SurveyMonkey, an online survey software. The impact of the PI prevention initiative was assessed by comparing the results of the documentation review and surveys pretest to the posttest results. There was significant improvement in nursing compliance with PI prevention and treatment. Pressure injury incidence rate fell from 13.6% to 5.1%. The positive social impact includes improving patient care and safety, minimizing PI incidence and producing an efficient team.
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梁麗琼 e Lai-king Leung. "Are health-education programmes effective in improving knowledge of and compliance with non-pharmacological measures against mosquito-borne disease?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40721073.
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Salomane, Khompane Edward. "Role of Community Policing Forums (CPFs) in effective crime prevention in the Merafong Local Municipality Area : a critical analysis / Khompane Edward Salomane". Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4744.
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This research is concerned with the role of a Community Policing Forum (CPF) in
fighting crime in communities. The National Crime and Prevention Strategy
(NCPS) indicates that, in order to fight crime effectively, communities and the
SAPS should work collaboratively and in partnership with each other. Apart from
the aim of fighting crime, as stated in the NCPS, the South African Police Act 68
of 1995 mandates each police station to establish a CPF. The current research
uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods to establish whether
CPFs attached to police stations operate in accordance with the South African
Police Act 68 of 1995.
The literature review provides the necessary background to the socio–economic
dynamics of South African policing. It does that by outlining the development of
the current policing approach and by exploring specifically the notion of
community policing; and also by contextualising the statutory and regulatory
guidelines for the functioning of a CPF. The empirical research revealed that
communities in the selected area of study (the Merafong Local Municipality) are
operating according to the South African Police Act 68 of 1995 towards the aim
of fighting crime effectively.
On the basis of both the literature review and the empirical findings,
recommendations that could improve the prevention of crime by means of a CPF
are made.Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Bernhardt, Lizelle. "Factors influencing the implementation of an effective infection control process in a neonatal intensive care unit". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51757.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Nurses are being held responsible and accountable for the quality of nursing care, which includes quality infection control nursing, they provide. This change in accountability has been brought about by the need to reduce the ever escalating costs of health care. During the 1980's, health care services created a demand for high-quality, efficient, cost-effective and competitively priced health services. In order to provide these services, health care organisations are forced to consider new strategies. This is a process that produces outcomes. Quality improvement methods, which include infection control, help organisations to produce these outcomes. Donabedian (1980) defined high-quality care as "that kind of care which is expected to maximise an inclusive measure of patient welfare, after one has taken account of the balance of expected gains and losses that attend the process of care in all its parts" (Grossman, 1998: 43). Quality improvement in infection control relates to the activities employed to improve the performance of a process, and includes the process of planning and control. Management is responsible and accountable for providing resources In order to implement quality infection control nursing care. The purpose of the study was to identify factors influencing the implementation of an effective infection control process in aNICU. An exploratory and descriptive design with a qualitative orientation was implemented. It consisted of a narrative and a literature study by means of which factors have been identified to influence the implementation of an infection control process in a NICU. The case study design, an indepth analysis of a single unit of study, was utilised in this study as part of the data-gathering process. Recommendctions were made on the macro, meso and micro levels, which included quality circles, hand hygiene and antibiotic usage, in-service education, recognition of personnel, mission statement and the infection control manual. The shortage of human and physical resources in nursing is a global problem. In S.A. there has been no previous study to emphasise the importance of an effective infection control process, and therefore no solutions to the problem have been suggested. The Japanese view with regard to quality circles is recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verpleegkundiges is verantwoordelik en aanspreeklik vir die gehalte van verpleging wat gelewer word, insluitende gehalte infeksiebeheer verpleging. Hierdie verandering in aanspreeklikheid het voortgespruit uit die behoefte om die voortdurende styging in gesondheidskoste te verminder. Gedurende die 1980s, het 'n aanvraag vir hoë gehalte, kosteeffektiewe en kompeterende gesondheidsorgdienste ontstaan. Gesondheidsorg dienste moes nuwe strategieë oorweeg om in hierdie dienste te kan voorsien. Uitkomste word op hierdie proses gebaseer. Om hierdie uitkomste te bereik, behoort organisasies gehalteverbetering metodes, wat infeksie beheer insluit, te implemeteer. Donabedian (1980) definieer hoë gehalte as "that kind of care which is expected to maximise an inclusive measure of patient welfare, after one has taken account of the balance of expected gains and losses that attend the process of care in all its parts" (Grossman, 1998: 43). Gehalteverbetering in infeksiebeheer , verwys na die aktiwitieite wat geimplementeer word om die uitvoer van In proses te verbeter, insluitende beplanning en beheer. Bestuur is verantwoordelik en aanspreeklik vir die voorsiening van hulpbronne, om gehalte infeksiebeheer verpleegsorg te implementeer. Die doel van die studie was om faktore wat die implementering van 'n effektiewe infeksie beheer proses in 'n NICU beinvloed, te identifiseer. In Verkennende en beskrywende ontwerp, met 'n kwalitatiewe orientering, is geimplementeer. Dit het bestaan uit In narratief en In literatuur studie, waardeur faktore wat die implementering van In effektiewe infeksie beheer proses in 'n NICU beinvloed, geidentifiseer word. Die gevallestudie ontwerp, wat 'n in-diepte ondersoek van In enkele eenheid van studie is, is in hierdie studie gebruik as deel van die data-insamelings proses. Aanbevelings is gemaak of makro, meso en mikro vlak, en sluit in gehalte sirkels, handhigiëne en antibiotika gebruik, indiensopleiding, erkenning van personeel, In missieverklarin~ en ten opsigte van die infeksiebeheerhand- leiding in. Die tekort aan menslike en fisiese hulpbronne in verpleging is I n globale probleem. Aangesien daar nog nie voorheen In studie in S.A. gedoen is om die belang van I n effektiewe infeksiebeheerproses te beklemtoon nie, is daar nog nooit oplossings vir die probleem voorgestel nie. Die Japanese siening van gehalte sirkels word aanbeveel.
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Nancarrow, Clifford A. "Preparing military officers for effective service in an inter-agency environment". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FNancarrow.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Terry C. Pierce. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-97). Also available online.
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Serdar, Kasey. "Comparing the Efficacy of Two Cognitive Dissonance Interventions for Eating Pathology: Are Online and Face-to-Face Interventions Equally Effective?" VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2673.
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Clinical and subclinical eating pathology are common, especially among female undergraduates. Such problems are often chronic and associated with a range of negative medical and psychological outcomes. Thus, it is important to develop effective prevention programs to reduce eating disorder risk. Numerous studies suggest that dissonance-based prevention programs are the most successful in reducing eating disorder risk factors, however, such programs might not be convenient for students limited by scheduling restraints or geographic proximity. Further, some students may be reluctant to attend such groups due to lack of anonymity. One way to address these potential barriers is to adapt dissonance-based programs for online use. However, no extant studies have examined the feasibility of this mode of delivery for dissonance-based programs. The current study examined the effectiveness of an online dissonance-based program, and compared it with traditional face-to-face delivery and assessment-only control conditions. It was hypothesized that: 1) online and face-to-face dissonance programs would produce comparable results; and 2) both of these active treatments would yield improvements in eating disorder outcomes (e.g. reduced thin ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, negative affect, and eating disorder symptoms) compared with an assessment-only control condition. Results partially supported the original hypotheses. Modified intent-to-treat analyses (MITT) indicated that participants in both the face-to-face and online intervention groups showed less body dissatisfaction at post-intervention assessment compared to assessment only participants. Further, when analyses were conducted using a non-intent-to-treat (non-ITT) approach (examining only the outcomes of participants who completed the intervention), significant post-intervention differences were observed for all outcome variables. Specifically, individuals in both intervention groups showed lower thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, restraint, negative affect, and fewer eating disorder symptoms compared to assessment only participants. This study indicates that there may be some promise in adapting dissonance-based eating disorder prevention programs for online use. Future studies should continue to refine online adaptations of such programs and examine the effects of such programs with different populations.
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McConnell-Smith, Sharon Lacretia. "School Administrator and Staff Member Perceptions of a Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Program". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/757.
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Mississippi is among the states with the highest teenage pregnancy rates, and the study site is among the high schools with the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the state. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to identify successful practices and areas for improvement in the implementation of a teenage pregnancy prevention program (TPPP) at the study site based on the perspectives of school administrators and staff members. Bandura's social cognitive theory provided a conceptual framework for considering behaviors and the social contexts in which they occur. Twelve participants were interviewed, including 3 administrators and 9 staff members. Data were analyzed using open coding to identify themes. Findings indicated that, according to the perspectives of the 12 participants, the evidence-based TPPP positively influenced the students by providing a structured curriculum for classroom teaching; promoting small-group discussions; and implementing an abstinence approach to prevent teenage pregnancy, HIV, and STDs. Strengths identified included the use of various instructional techniques and a general support for communication. Areas for improvement included scheduling, school staff and parent buy-in, and knowledge about specific problems related to risk-taking behaviors. Social change implications of this study include increased awareness among adult stakeholders of practices that support successful implementation of a TPPP and enhanced ability to make positive decisions about sexual behaviors among students. School officials could apply the findings to strengthening the effectiveness of the school's TPPP. Students may benefit from improved TPPP instruction by being better prepared to prevent teenage pregnancy, HIV, and STDs.
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Novossiolova, Tatyana, Simon M. Whitby, Malcolm R. Dando e Graham S. Pearson. "Strengthening the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention: The vital importance of a web of prevention for effective biosafety and biosecurity in the 21st Century". Biological Weapons Convention, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17580.
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Novak, Daniel. "Improving the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) : a study using Chlamydia trachomatis as a model infection". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-692.
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Jeong, K. "Cost-effective strategies in the follow-up of people with confirmed colorectal adenomas for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer in the National Health Insurance, South Korea". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2017. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/3894604/.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer amongst South Koreans. Indirect evidence suggested CRC can be prevented, if not cured through the early detection and the subsequent removal of the precursor of CRC using colonoscopy (COL), the colorectal adenoma (polypectomy). The main aim of this thesis is to identify cost-effective strategies in the follow-up of people with confirmed colorectal adenomas (COL surveillance) for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer in the colorectal cancer screening (CRCS), National Health Insurance in Korea. To fulfil the main aim of this study, the following specific objectives were carried out: Estimation of adenoma recurrence post-polypectomy, identification of resources used in the CRCS and CRC treatment and the mapping of common pathways in the CRCS – this was achieved through a collaboration with a researcher in Korea by constructing a CRC cohort utilising the NHI data (2009-2012); Examination of the relevant cost-effectiveness evidence of COL surveillance in individuals with adenomas – this was achieved by conducting a review of the cost-effectiveness evidence in the prevention and early detection of CRC; A literature review of the Health State Utility Values (HSUVs) was conducted to identify methodologically robust HSUVs with health states of interest, this information was used for economic evaluation of COL surveillance; Identification of cost-effective strategies for COL surveillance utilising the findings from previous objectives. Results from a de novo cost-utility analysis indicated that a 0LR3HR (a COL 3 years post- polypectomy for high-risk) strategy is expected to be the most cost-effective in the follow-up of people with confirmed adenomas in the CRCS, NHI. The findings of this study will inform the COL surveillance policy in the CRCS, NHI. Approaches taken in this study and the findings can provide a foundation for further comparative policy analyses in other Asian countries where similar rates of CRC are observed.
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Gandara, Esteban. "Is an Intermediate Dose of LMWH Effective for Secondary Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnant Patients Diagnosed with Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? Design of a Pilot Study". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23388.
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Statement of the problem The primary objective of this thesis was to determine the best study design to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an intermediate dose of low molecular weight heparin for secondary prevention of pregnancy associated VTE (PAVTE). An RCT was deemed unfeasible,so the use of a single arm study with prior evaluation of feasibility with a pilot study is proposed. // Methods - A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of current strategies used for secondary prevention of PAVTE.A survey was used to elicit the non-inferiority margin. // Results - The pooled proportion of recurrent VTE in patients treated with full dose LMWH was 0.012(95% CI 0.006 to 0.02) and the rate of major bleeding was 0.025(95% CI=0.01 to 0.041). The non-inferiority margin was elicited at 2.5%. // Conclusions - Although a randomized controlled trial should be conducted whenever possible, in certain scenarios they are unfeasible. Therefore, an alternative study design should perhaps be used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic strategies.
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Verzijl, Christina L. "Are Mixed-Sex and Single-Sex Groups Equally Effective Across Males and Females? A Quasi-Experimental Investigation of a Cognitive Dissonance-Based Eating Disorder Prevention Program in Mixed-Sex High School Populations". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7587.
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The Body Project is a cognitive dissonance-based eating disorder (ED) preventive intervention program with ample empirical support among adolescent and undergraduate female samples. Recently, community stakeholders and data suggest that preventive efforts must also target body satisfaction and increasing ED symptomatology seen in males. The current study examined the efficacy of a male-only (MO), a mixed-sex (MS), and a traditional female-only (FO) Body Project program compared to a minimal attention control (AC) in a community sample. Participants included adolescents male and female students (N = 182) aged 13-19 years across three high school sites. Participants completed self-report measures assessing body satisfaction, thin-ideal internalization, ED symptom count, psychosocial impairment secondary to weight and shape concerns, and acceptability of the Body Project 4 High Schools program at baseline and post-intervention. Hierarchical linear regressions and generalized linear models were used to estimate main effects of condition and examine whether sex moderated condition effects on outcome variables. In single-sex groups, girls showed greater improvement in body satisfaction compared to AC, while boys did not show significant differences from AC. For boys and girls, MS was associated with improved body satisfaction compared to AC, while its impact on other risk factors was largely non-significant. Effect sizes are presented as a measure of clinical significance. These results contribute to existing Body Project data and provide preliminary empirical support of the applicability of the well-established dissonance-based preventive intervention to adolescent boys.
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Komalasari, Rita. "Key perspectives on Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) programmes, using Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) programmes in Indonesian prisons as a case study". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28543.
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Background Heroin dependence is associated with increased risk of the transmission of blood-borne viral (BBV) infections such as HIV, as a result of unsafe injecting practices. Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) Programmes including Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) programmes are a recommended way of addressing heroin dependence with the dual aims of reducing both heroin use and associated harms. However, OST programmes, particularly in prison settings, are often unavailable, in spite of large numbers of prisoners with heroin dependence and the high risk of HIV transmission in the prison setting. Little is currently known about the delivery of OST programmes within prison settings. A systematic literature review conducted within this study revealed that there are only a small number of studies from middle and lower-income countries and the perspectives of the range of stakeholders are often underrepresented. Aim and setting of this study This aim of this study was to understand the role of Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) programmes within the context of HIV prevention programmes and to identify barriers and facilitators that influence the implementation, routine delivery and sustainability of methadone programmes in Indonesian prisons. Study design Three prison settings were selected as part of a qualitative case study. These comprised: a narcotics prison that provided methadone, a general prison that provided methadone, and a general prison, where there was no methadone programme. This allowed the exploration of multiple perspectives of prisoners and the diverse range of staff involved in the implementation of programmes. Interview and observational data were supplemented by data from medical case notes. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis, with the help of framework analysis for data management. Principal findings This study found that there were many misconceptions about methadone programmes. HIV infection was not recognised as a problem and prison staff, healthcare staff and prisoners alike lacked understanding of the roles of methadone programmes. Prisoners participating in programmes were often stigmatised, while many prisoners believed methadone withdrawal was dangerous and could lead to death. These factors all contributed to low level participation, observed in both prisons with methadone programmes. Lack of confidentiality and associated stigmatisation as well as inappropriate assessment criteria also contributed to this, as did a lack of support systems. A reduction in international funding and a shift in national drug policy priorities away from the provision of methadone to drug-free Therapeutic Community (TC) programmes, together with a failure to embed methadone programmes within the daily prison routine currently pose challenges to effective implementation, delivery and programme sustainability. Conclusion Educating policy makers and practitioners could improve understanding of the roles of methadone programmes and increase support for programme delivery within prisons. It is therefore recommended that Indonesian government and prison policy focuses on ensuring effective delivery and sustainability of methadone programmes for people with heroin dependence in the prison setting.
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Kneip, Katharina. "A Novel Approach to Youth Crime Prevention: Mindfulness Meditation Classes in South African Townships". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-409489.
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Children growing up in poor areas with high crime rates are shown to easily get involved in violent actions and criminal gangs. In South Africa, despite considerable efforts to reduce youth delinquency, youth crime rates are still disturbingly high – specifically, in the townships of the Cape Flats. This paper points out an important aspect previously unaddressed by most youth crime prevention: the subconscious roots of youth crime. What if we could develop youth crime prevention programs that manage to impact the subconscious behavioral patterns of youth in high crime areas? This paper proposes a promising and cost-effective approach that has great potential to affect multipe causes of crime: mindfulness meditation. Built upon newest findings in Neuroscience, this paper suggests that mindfulness meditation classes are associated with a reduction in aggressive behavior, a risk factor for youth crime, and an increase in self-efficacy, a protective factor. The impact of mindfulness classes at a high school in Khayelitsha, a poor and violent-stricken township of Cape Town, is analyzed. Self-reported aggression and self-efficacy are measured via a psychometric survey questionnaire created from two well-tested and validated scales. Regression analyses of 384 survey answers provided mixed results. Whilst novice meditators were not associated with higher self-efficacy and lower aggression, long-term meditators performed better in several dimensions of self-efficacy and aggression, yet no significant relationship was found. Further research specifically needs to investigate the moderating effect of age (a proxy for psychological development) on meditation. This study aims to bridge the gap between the outdated paradigms of youth crime prevention and ancient wisdom via ground-breaking new evidence from the field of Neuroscience. This study furthermore hopes to point policy makers toward developing new, integrative and sustainable approaches to youth crime prevention – approaches that give back agency to our youth.Anders Westholm har inget med betygssättningen att göra annat än i rent formellt hänseende (examinator). Det är han som rapporterar in och skriver under men i sak är det seminarieledaren som har beslutet i sin hand. Statsvetenskapliga institutet har som princip att skilja på handledning och examination vilket innebär att handledaren inte får vara seminarieledare. Seminarieledare och personen som satt betygget var i det här fallet Sven Oskarsson: Sven.Oskarsson@statsvet.uu.se
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Powell, George Erick. "Examination, application, and evaluation of geomorphic principles and resulting water quality in Midwest agricultural streams and rivers". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148992105.
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Misago, Chizuru. "Preventing induced abortion among urban poor in Fortaleza, Brazil : is post-abortion counselling effective?" Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1998. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682280/.
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This thesis reports the results of a randomised controlled intervention study carried out between May and November 1993 in a major public hospital in the metropolitan area of Fortaleza City, Ceará, Brazil. The objective was to investigate the impact of post abortion counselling on uptake of contraception and on subsequent pregnancy and abortion. The study population was a sample of women hospitalised with complications of induced abortion which were identified during as larger hospital-based study on abortion. The intervention was half an hour of contraceptive counselling prior to discharge at the study site hospital. No contraceptive method was given. A total of 695 women were enrolled into the study, 345 in the intervention group and 350 in the control group. They were followed up at home at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 4 months, 8 months and 1 year after discharge. Data were collected by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire. Outcome measures of interest were; knowledge of contraceptive methods, seeking contraceptive services, uptake of contraception, having unprotected sexual intercourse, subsequent pregnancies and subsequent abortion. The study results show that this particular mode of counselling (single shot hospital-based post-abortion) increased the level of knowledge of some contraceptive methods, but did not have any effect in changing behaviour such as seeking contraceptive services, uptake of contraception or having unprotected sexual relationship. As a consequence, counselling did not show any impact on preventing another unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion. Among 695 women, 165 (23.7%) became pregnant again before the end of the 1 year follow-up; 81 (23.5%) in the intervention group and 84 (24.0%) in the control group. Of the 695 women, 42 (6.0%) had another abortion before the end of the 1 year follow-up; 27 (7.8%) in the intervention group and 15 (4.3%) in the control group. At 6 weeks visit, of the 662 women interviewed, 345 (52.1%) were using contraceptive methods; 178 (53.8%) in the intervention group and 167 (50.5%) in the control group. Women who were not using contraception after abortion tended to be young, single or without a partner. "Not having sexual intercourse" was the most frequently cited reason for not using a contraceptive method during the follow-up period. Suggestions were made on how a more effective intervention that might prove more successful in responding to these women' s needs for enhanced contraception can be developed.
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JOFRESA, ANGEL. "Place de l'enseignant dans la prevention du tabagisme des adolescents : enquete effectuee aupres de 800 enseignants du departement du rhone". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M157.
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Sitková, Lucie. "Bariéry v komunikaci ve vybrané pracovní skupině". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71667.
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This thesis deals with communication barriers and their impact on the results of the work process and group climate. It explains the concept of communication, elements of communication process and the basic division of communication, verbal communication, nonverbal communication, effective communication and its elements, requirements for effective communication, communication with managers, managerial communication strategy, the specifics of communication in health care management and internal communication. The thesis further analyzes communication barriers from the perspective of different authors, which is crucial for the practical part, where the results of questionnaire-compiled charts reflecting the different communication barriers from different angles are used. Two sets of questionnaires were developed: one for senior staff and one for subordinates. The group examined was a closed working group in one hospital in the Czech Republic. In the discussion section, results of the research are evaluated and recommendations for the prevention and elimination of the communication barriers are given. The main aim of this work was improvement of communication between employees at all levels and between all levels, increasing the efficiency of manpower and making the working environment more attractive, thus increasing the satisfaction of all employees of this working group.
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Doležel, Jan. "Bariéry v komunikaci mezi vybranými úrovněmi managementu zdravotnického zařízení". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165310.
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The aim of this work is to identify the most common communication errors in terms of transactional analysis taken from selected levels of management of medical facility, which undermine the social interaction at work, and analyse their causes and impact on the behaviour and experience of parties involved. Part of the work is a set of recommendations for the prevention and elimination of these barriers. For these goals to be met, I have developed questionnaires, particularly for top management, and especially for middle management, where the respondents assess themselves on how often they face barriers in the workplace and the impact of these barriers on their behaviour and experience. Their responses are processed in charts by allocation criteria. Communication theories and the barriers related to the identified data give an idea of how the top management of this medical facility (and possibly at other medical facilities of similar size and structure) should communicate with senior consultants with care. The contribution of this work should be to improve communication and achieve not only greater satisfaction for all employees, but also increase productivity during business hours. For this to transpire, it is first necessary to increase communication, especially the knowledge of effective communication, then accept their mistakes and make a constant effort to eliminate them. Some important basic concepts in communication, transactional, barriers of communication and removing communication barriers are clarified in the theoretical part. The practical part is focused on the environment of unnamed hospital. The most commonly met crossed transactions in the workplace and their impact on the behaviour and experience are shown and described there.