Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Élections (1997)"
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Treille, Eric. "Parti de campagnes : candidatures socialistes et élections législatives 1993-1997". Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10418.
Texto completo da fonteSherratt, Robert. "L'Union européenne et le Royaume-Uni : le problème de l'intégration jusqu'aux élections législatives de 1997". Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030023.
Texto completo da fonteThe main aim of this study is to determine the principal reason or reasons for the problems of British integration into the European Union. This issue is examined from different perspectives, and systematic reference is made to history throughout the study. Following an initial phase of definition and clarification of terms, the major differences between the political, legal and institutional systems of the United Kingdom and the European Community are brought to light. The impact of the internationalist leaning of traditional British foreign policy, influenced by the consolidation of Empire and galvanized by economic liberalism, is then considered in the context of community integration. The (paradoxical) isolationism of the country vis-à-vis continental Europe is similarly examined. The conclusion reverts to the main aim and analyses the place of sovereignty in the equation of British integration. It also looks at the kind of contribution the country has made to the European Community in more general terms
Mbarga, Messomo Jeanne Marie. "Les quotidiens britanniques nationaux et les législatives de 1992 et de 1997". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100042.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis examines the influence of newspapers on readers during the general elections of 1992 and 1997. The research material includes eight dailies (Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, Guardian, Independent, Sun, Times. ) The analysis suggests that newspapers have a strong influence over what people think and have an effect on some voters, for example waverers. The study establishes that papers reinforce pre-existing opinion but do not influence the outcome of general elections at the time of the campaign. Whatever influence is exerted by the press extends over a much longer time scale
Thiec, Annie. "La question constitutionnelle et l'identite nationale en ecosse de 1979 a 1997". Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030101.
Texto completo da fonteYakete, Joseph. "Les mutations sociologiques de l'électorat du parti socialiste du Congrès d'Epinay à 1997". Paris 8, 2003. https://octaviana.fr/document/181401711#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completo da fonteNadeau, Marc. "La dynamique des élections fédérales dans les Cantons de l'Est, du point de vue de la clientèle électorale, entre 1979 et 1997". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0025/MQ61814.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAlexandre-Collier, Agnès. "L'euroscepticisme au sein du Parti conservateur britannique : 1992-1997". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0031.
Texto completo da fonteThe signature of the treaty on European Union in 1992 brought about opposition within the conservative party to political and monetary union and more broadly to the European policy of the conservative government. The group of conservative MPS, who voted against the ratification of the treaty, despite their own party's instructions, gained increasing and unprecedented influence over the development of European policy during John Major's second period in office from 1992-7. The parliamentary rebels, termed eurosceptics by the press, could draw on a wide range of resources and seize a number of opportunities. In particular, they took advantage of the small and declining parliamentary majority to pursue their agenda. By 1995 eurosceptics within the party had developed all the characteristics of a faction. Ultimately they sufficiently damaged the authority of the prime minister, to force him to resign the leadership of the party in June 1995 and hod an election to restore his authority. The May 1997 general election confronted John Major with the power of this eurosceptical mobilisation within his own party. The conservative defeat and John Major's subsequent resignation as leader, paved the way for william hague to pursue a new and explicitly more eurosceptic policy. On the whole, the case of the Conservative party shows that the eurosceptic discourse, relying on the thatcherite values of economic liberalism and national independence, is based on the three principles of nationalism, democracy and liberalism. In challenging the left-wing cleavage, which usually structures political parties, euroscepticism finally appears as a combination of national "primordialism" and party "fundamentalism"
Garza, Castillo Mario Alberto. "La survie politique d'un parti politique post-hégémonique : l'adaptation structurelle et fonctionnelle du PRI mexicain après la démocratisation du système politique (1997-2005)". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010256.
Texto completo da fonteSibide, Doudou. "La résolution des conflits en Afrique : le cas de la République démocratique du Congo de 1944 à nos jours". Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_sidibe_d.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteOnce considered by realists as a confrontation between States, the notion of War has shifted with the proliferation of internai conflicts linked to the CoId War or other factors. Their immense toll on human life, as well as their societal origins has made these conflicts very difficult to resolve. The conflict in the Democratie Republic of the Congo, which falls into this category, also involves State-actors. In addition to its internal and inter-state dimensions, one must mention the failure of the State, the disintegration of the army, ethnic manipulation, conflict over property, as weil as the illegal exploitation of mining resources. Faced with such a complex situation, the international community, under the auspices of the United Nations, has tried to enginee political solutions based on the theory of liberal peace with the introduction of democracy, and economic ones with the market economy. This study will therefore examine first of all the extent to which such solutions are adapted to the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, or whether or not they lead to fragile democracies. Secondly, we will seek to demonstrate that solutions may lie in the consolidation of institutions created through elections, the refounding of the army, the end of the criminalisation of the economy, cooperation with neighbouring countries, and the social transformation of the conflict. These solutions are thought to defend the idea of a sustainable peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Chhorn, Sopheap. "Les élections législatives au Cambodge depuis 1993". Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/chhorn_s.
Texto completo da fonteFor more than twenty years, civil war was raging in Cambodia. The country experienced the profound crisis of legitimacy of its leaders due to the disaffection of the population as much as to the non acknowledgment by the international community. On October 23, 1991, the Agreements for a global political settlement of Cambodian conflicts were signed in Paris. Each of the principal political factions claimed to be the unique and legitimate representative of the Cambodian people. Since 1993, the principle of democratic legitimacy is adduced as the foundation of the current political system. The idea of legitimacy implies first and above all the right to govern. The legitimacy of the leader is the acknowledgment of their right to govern. The legitimacy aims at bringing a solution to a political problem, which consists in justifying simultaneously the political power and the obedience. In giving a reciprocity dimension to the political leadership, the popular consent plays a fundamental role in the legitimacy defined as the right to govern. The election constitutes a way of direct expression of this consent as well as of the popular sovereignty. It is the key component of democracy and the source of the legitimate power. It is a mechanism to renew leaders. The election confers and retracts the legitimacy to/from the leaders. The legitimacy adds the qualities associated to the granted power because no one would claim legitimate authority if they are not recognized as if they were. To be credible and solid, the legitimacy must meet three complementary conditions bearing a relation to the expression of the popular consent, to the respect of the constitution and to the respect of the electoral procedures
Andriollo-Leblanc, Anne. "L'assistance électorale et les Nations Unies : 1989-1999". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010333.
Texto completo da fonteProvost, Dominic. "Médias et élections la couverture télévisuelle de la campagne électorale québécoise de 1998". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ61827.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIsbihani, Larbi El. "Le parti du Rassemblement national des Indépendants au Maroc (1977-1984)". Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10012.
Texto completo da fonteFunded in october 1978 by the former prime minister and king's brother in law mr. Ahmed osman, composed of men close to the power, with a modern education and a wealthy citizenship background, attached to the principles of constitutionnal monarchy and supporters of the liberalism ideals, the party of national union of independants (r. N. I. ) took the major place in moroccan political life. The party obtained 2 3 of the available sits to the elections in november 1976; it obtained the absolute majority to the general elections of 1977 to the representative house. After this surprising victory, the party became the first political force of the independant morocco and broughthim to dominate the parlement to preside gouvernment and so to cooperate tightly with his majesty king hassan ii. In december 1981, the party had an ideology, a program and framing structures, but it split into two tendencies. One is called" the national democratic party" (p. N. D. ); the other, faithfull to ahmed osman became what is called for convenience "his majesty's constructive opposition". The party will assume this function till 1983. But to the general elections in 1984, "the constitutional union" (u. C. ) a party formed just before the consultation by the ex-prime minister maati bouabid, attracted more than 50% deputies and about 2 3 of the electorate. This loss did not threaten the party's existence. On the contrary, the r. N. I. Is the second political power of the country and parliament is now presided over by mr. Ahmed osman. It remains the necessary political force fore the settlement of any parliament majority and for the normal functioning of the institutions
Lévesque, Stéphane. "Participation électorale comparée et théorie des enjeux, les élections québécoises de 1970 à 1994". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ44678.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteDufief, Elise. "The politics of election monitoring : the case of Ethiopia and the European Union". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0103.
Texto completo da fonteMy dissertation examines the construction of power relations in the international system, through the lens of international election monitoring and its politics. Focusing on the relationship between the European Union and Ethiopia, I argue that election monitoring reflects a complex hierarchy of power and serves contradicting purposes. In the hands of the monitors, it is an instrument of discipline, intended to monitor domestic behavior and enforce a standard of performance. The recipient of monitors, while accepting the general rule, finds interstices to manoeuvre within, playing with and against interests and agendas of external actors. Ultimately, the politics of election observing functions as an arena of struggle where power strategies are at stake. Power relations are eventually reversed when international actors are weakened, giving more space for the recipient country to pursue its own electoral strategies
Ndjock, Jean Aimé. "Élections politiques et démocratisation en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas des États de l'Afrique centrale". Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10016.
Texto completo da fonteSince the nineties, democratic elections are brought up to date in Africa. The electoral law of occidental origin still suffers from many imperfections resulting from the locking of electoral processes by their organizers w are also titulars of official authorithy functions in the governments. Only a sound democratic culture will allow the restoration of the african elector in his fundamental political rights
Merazka, Abdel-Ghafour. "Analyse politique et sociologique des assemblées populaires locales algériennes de 1967 à 1984 : organisation, élections et composition". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32043.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Huérou Anne. "" Acteurs locaux et régionaux face aux transformations du pouvoir en Russie, 1989-1999 "". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692786.
Texto completo da fonteBury, Laurence. "Les élections de juin 1968$$eévénements [i. E. évènements], traces, mythes : l'exemple du département du Nord". Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR1007.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis originates in this statement : if the events of may-june 68 have aroused the production of numerous written works, the june 68 electoral episode, often described as a simple conclusion to a crisis which is the only one that does attract people's attention, plays a minor role in the written works. The ballot has not been completely and systematically analysed unlike other electoral consultations. This lack of curiosity has favoured a hasty generalization of comments by journalists and observers at that time : "fear elections", "big swing to the gaullists", "impossible chamber" represent these common-place ideas set in 68 and which still come back to our ears. Therefore, it seems that, at the expense of historical and political observations, a mythical discourse has been built concerning the results of the ballot. This is the mechanism of this structuring that we aim, here, to display. Our main hypotesis, being that the june elections have been percieved in a particuliar way, we have chosen to analyse it from a monographique point of view, before understanding, how, yet based on tangible facts, a number of representations were born. It seemed interesing to us to observe them as time goes by, thus, from june 68, up to now. In fact, one can put forward the following assumption : are the representions associated with the electoral consultation not assembled like a legendary tale by a succession of sedimentations. From immediate comments to thoughtful interpretations, it was all about searching for the different discours generated by the consultation. And yet, if our proposition is proved to be a fertile one, we shall notice, in the numerous written works publisched one after the others, the influence of the early comments, as wel as, its alteration, as time goes by. This rechearch revolves around two main themes : we analyse this awkward electoral consultation and then we study the evolution of discourse and represention linked to the june consultation
Barisione, Mauro. "L'immagine dei leader : come la percezione dei candidati influenza le scelte degli elettori : i casi di Italia e Francia a partire dagli anni '90". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0006.
Texto completo da fonteDournes, Anne-Sophie. "Pouvoir et citoyenneté dans l’action politique municipale : monographie d’Épinay-sur-Seine autour de son basculement électoral, 1999-2004". Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090061.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral thesis presents a monograph of Epinay-sur-Seine, a medium-sized town in the Department of Seine-Saint-Denis which, during the period surveyed, underwent massive changes due to its political swing in March 2001. This monograph has a theoretical aim, namely, to examine the positions, roles and powers of the various actors of the local political scene, and in the first place, of the mayor himself. The method used combines an analysis of public politics and an anthropological approach. The first part will clarify the theoretical positioning and the method. The second part : ‘The town and its moments” will analyse thr ee moments of the local democratic, elections, town council meetings and public meetings. The third part will analyse three local policies : law and order, culture and “local life. The forth part will lead on to a typology of the various actors taking part in the local political game and its decision-making process. The demonstration of the pivotal position of the mayor in this political game where many actors are involved will permit in fine to analyse the place of the citizens and thus, to examine the democratic dimension of the local political life
Chevrel, Laurent. "D'un particularisme au conformisme : deux faces d'un même conservatisme ? Pratiques et vie politique dans l'Eure (1944-1981)". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL375.
Texto completo da fonteMatei, Silviu. "Romania at voting age : 18 years of electoral change in post-communism". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0057.
Texto completo da fonteHow does the electoral scene looks in Romania after the first 18 years of democracy? How did the Romanians vote at the first six free elections? The purpose of this study is, first, to measure the degree of stabilisation of the party system using four classic indicators: the electoral fragmentation, volatility, the polarisation and the level of abstention. Then, using ecological regression models, we analyse the social and contextual determinants of turnout in Romania based on aggregated data at the commune level. What are the variables that have the greatest influence on abstention? The statistical model includes demographic variables (age, education, ethnic fragmentation, urbanisation level) and systemic and contextual variables (level of turnout at previous elections, local electoral polarisation and fractionalisation, vote share of the winner and looser parties at the previous elections). Ecological inference analyses are used to support the results. Finally, we determine the major axes of social divisions and their electoral alignments. To this end, we use a model of geometric data analysis (PCA), geostatistical methods and electoral geography
Beauvallet, Willy. "Profession, eurodéputé : les élus français au Parlement européen et l’institutionnalisation d’une nouvelle figure politique et élective (1979-2004)". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/BEAUVALLET_Willy_Victor_2007.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to examine how, in the context of the institutionalization of the European Union, a new category of political actors - members of the European Parliament or Eurodeputies - is created. Elected in national contexts, Eurodeputies are at the same time actors in multileveled European space, with specific logics and political resources. More than just a juridical evolution or the result of ideological personal choices, the professionalization of French European delegates is tied to a transformation of the political uses of the European mandate; the emergence of European political careers is dependent on the practical logics adopted by Eurodeputies. These logics are a function of their personal political trajectories and the specificities of European political games. If historical sociology has shown that political professionalization is due to process by which actors living ‘‘for’’ politics begin to live ‘‘of’ politics, the reverse is happening here: actors living ‘‘of’’ Europe start to live “for” Europe, constructing thus a new political and social entity. This way, European delegates contribute to the social construction of a differentiated (and always divided) universe of political practices and representations of the world, space and time
Royer, Ludovic. "Le territoire de Krasnoïarsk sous la direction d'Alexandre Lebed : enjeux géopolitiques : une illustration de la Russie contemporaine". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082531.
Texto completo da fonteIn June 1996, Gen. Lebed came third in the first ballot of the presidential elections that were going to lead to Boris Yeltsin's re-election. After a short period at the summit of the Russian power, Alexander Lebed became involved in a new political battle which was meant to open the Kremlin's gates to him after he first won regional political power. After Lebed's election in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the great wealth of the region, which is the source of financial means for his future campaign for the presidency, over which people from the field of politics as well as economics were soon competing. In this struggle where everyone tried to take the lion's share, Alexander Lebed found himself in the middle of merciless wars between powerful groups run by oligarchs. Unable to seize the levers of economic power, Governor Lebed had, moreover, to face the challenge of regional nationalism. Regularly on a war footing because of property redistribution, Alexander Lebed died in April 2002
Camp, Edwige. "L'election generale du 9 avril 1992 en ecosse : les enjeux constitutionnels". Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030020.
Texto completo da fonteThe april 9th 1992 general election took place in the whole united kingdom, but had peculiarities in scotland, mainly due to the question of scotland's government, as opposition parties wanted to set up a scottish parliament within or outside the united kingdom, endowed with its own financing, and elected by some sort of proportional representation, whereas the governing party defended the administrative devolution and first-past-the-post electoral system which were currently in force. The constitutional issues are examined at (scottish) national and local levels, in their three dimensions in 1992. The first part deals with the contents of each party's proposals, linked to its history and its opponents' positions, and also to the wider context. The second part is concerned with the way the constitutional issues were promoted throughout the election campaing, as means to reach different goals, not only by the parties but also by the media which became actors. The third part sheds light on the various influences of the constitutional issues on the results of the election, using people's opinions on those issues, as well as their other attitudes (especially in relation to their national identity) and their social, economic and geographical positions which have an indirect impact. The conclusion is that the constitutional issues were really prominent during the 1992 general election in scotland, the will for reform enabling the labour party to keep its majority with the most popular programme and the ability to implement it, whereas the liberal-democrats shared the former but lacked of the latter, and the s. N. P. Offered a scheme considered too bold and difficult to enforce, therefore they both remained in a minority position, along with the conservative party which was nevertheless helped by the perceived threat on the status quo
Lallemand, Jean-Charles. "Etude sur le gouvernement des provinces en Russie (1991-2004) : exemples des régions de Briansk et Smolensk". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0034.
Texto completo da fonteMenada, Annie. "La conquête par le parti socialiste de communes péri-urbaines de la ville de Rennes : analyse d'une implantation (1977-1989)". Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN11017.
Texto completo da fonteThe studies on national political behaviours do not always allow us to study the local political phenomena. On the contrary, a precise analysis of local political behaviours can explain national political evolutions. Bearing all this in mind, we have studied the implantation of the socialist party, since 1977, in the little towns of less than 4000 inhabitants of the periphery of rennes. The aim of the thesis consisted in determinating the factors allowing the study of the conquest of these towns by the socialists. So, we used parameters concerning social and political environment. The relevance of these parameters allowed us to identify the renewal of the electorate, the persistence of political behaviours correlated to a cultural or a political tradition. Then a study carried out concerning the social and the professional itenarary of the mayors and the part played by political and parapolitical structures. Finally, to define the interaction of the local and the national, we studied the vote of these towns at national elections. The study enabled us to measure the relevance of the factors we had chosen to analyse the local implantation of a party and try and find out whether people determined their vote according to attitudes towards issues or on ideological tendencies
Guyonnet, Paul. "Comportements électoraux et vie politique locale sous la Ve République : thèse sur travaux". Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100108.
Texto completo da fonteThis research analyses how social spaces, political spaces and electoral behaviour are interrelated and interacting in urban context. It focuses on a particular urban area within the parisian region : the department of hauts-de-seine. The political and electoral history of this area can be divided into three main stages. For each of theses stages, the research studies what are the levels of interpretation which are the most appropriate to analyse the local political society. Since 1965, the old socio-spatial dichotomy witch opposed the communist party to the gaullist party has progressively been transformed. The recent local politicial landscape has been modified, due to two main processes : on one side, the creation of a new socialist party, succeding to and partly contrasting with the old sfio, and, on the other side, the modernization of the gaullist apparatus
Quiquerez, Yves. "Les Partis politiques et la démocratie en république dominicaine (1961-1999)". Antilles-Guyane, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AGUY0056.
Texto completo da fontePanagiotopoulou, Ekaterini. "Les formes de la communication politique dans les campagnes électorales de 1989-1990 présentées par la presse écrite grecque". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010266.
Texto completo da fonteSalihi, Awaz. "Le passage d'une confrérie soufie au politique : la Kasnazâniyya au Kurdistan-Irak (1979-2014)". Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE5073.
Texto completo da fonteIn this research we study the transition of a Sufi order to the political field, taking as example the Kasnazâniyya in Iraqi Kurdistan (1979-2014). We first try to capture and analyse, in the Iraqi context, the elements that led first to the politicisation of the order to reach a stage of “predisposition”, then to its direct transition to the political field. In a historical perspective, this research looks at understanding the roots of the phenomenon of the shaykhs’ involvement in politics in Kurdistan from as soon as the 19th century. Such an approach is indeed necessary if we are to decipher the original characteristics of the phenomenon and then look into them through the case of the Kasnazâniyya. Concerning the politicisation of the order, we first study during its recent history its social and political imprint while looking at its doctrine, its branches, the handling of the succession of its shaykh to power, and the impact of the latter onto the orientation of the order. Then in a second stage we look at the phenomenon of “rationalisation” of the order, starting from the question of its organisation and bureaucratisation. Concerning the articulation between the Kasnazâniyya and the political field, we first study the phenomenon of “political clientelism” then analyse the political party created by the order through its history, its ideas, its organisation and social, political and electoral strategies to attain power
Gharbi, Kamel. "La légitimation du pouvoir présidentiel par la communication en Tunisie après 1987 : signes extérieurs et écueils d'une modernité politique". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010315.
Texto completo da fonteTab, Seghier. "La place de la nouvelle élite politique française élue d'origine maghrébine au sein des institutions représentatives : une minorité en quête de la voie élective, entre la percée locale et le blocage national". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0150.
Texto completo da fonteIn spite of party supported candidacies, rarely autonomous ones, in the elections, the French elite from the Maghreb does not reach success within the framework of the uninominal system. We find no mayors of average or big cities, no presidents of departements or even regions, no MPs of Maghreb origin and Moslem confession. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanisms wich prevent the promotion of this elite, the most striking being at the national level, more precisely at the chambre des députés. The results confirm the absence of a real political will of the party leaders. This stems from the survival of attitudes and prejudices, particularly of ethno-confessional order, in the mind of influential personalities both from the right and the left. It is necessary to add that within the electorate, there are persistent and somehow latent discriminatory and racist conceptions deriving from the remembrance of the Algerian War with its psychological sides and biases concerning the presence of the Moslem religion. Prevailing cultural and/or political ideologies as well as the European values insist on diversity. But we are in front of a situation of blockage wich is complex and paradoxical. As for women coming from minorities, some have been appointed to govemment for complex strategic reasons. Although France is multiethnic, the current Chamber does not reflect the multicultural image of society. The effective representation of ethnic minorities stays a major challenge for the French Republic
Soubigou, Alain. "Thomas Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937) : Biographie intellectuelle et politique". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010547.
Texto completo da fonteThomas Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937) became a philosophy professor in Vienna's and Pragues universities. As a former specialist of Plato and soon of Comte, he tought idealistic humanism. In the 1880's, in the manuscripts affair, he claimed that truth is always better than lies for people. He engaged against antisemitism in the so-called Hilsner's affair. As a member of the Autrian Parliament, he fought against Vienna's anti-slav policy and tried to avoid World War 1. During this war, he went to exile to build Czecho-Slovakian organisation and army. From Paris and London (1915-1917), he went to Russia (1917) and to the United States (1918) to convince politicians to support his project of an independent Czechoslovakia. With the help of the president Wilson, Masaryk succeed and Czechoslovakia was born the 28th of October 1918. Elected president in 1918 and again in 1920, 1927 and 1934, Masaryk had to deal with three great problems : -how to integrate in this new democratic project some special citizens : Germans, Slovaks, women and jews ? - How to find a balance between a democratic humanism and geostrategy ? - How to built a new state with some strong democratic institutions but also with the anticonformistic touch of Masaryk ? This PhD is an intellectual and political biography and examines the simple question : did Masaryk as a president achieved to realize his intellectual projects he built before WW1 ?
Angeli, Douglas Souza. "Como atingir o coração do eleitor: partidos, candidatos e mobilização eleitoral em Canoas/RS (1947-1963)". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4907.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as práticas de mobilização eleitoral e de construção do eleitor nas eleições municipais realizadas em Canoas/RS entre 1947 e 1963. Canoas é um município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, emancipado em 1939 e que realizou suas primeiras eleições somente após o Estado Novo. As décadas de 1940 e 1950 registraram um expressivo crescimento populacional, motivado pela migração de trabalhadores do campo para a cidade, fazendo surgir novos bairros – habitados basicamente por famílias de operários. As eleições municipais deste período fazem parte do contexto de incorporação dos trabalhadores urbanos ao cenário eleitoral, de ampliação do corpo eleitoral e de consolidação da experiência democrática brasileira – iniciada em 1945. Necessitando construir uma imagem prestigiosa, partidos e candidatos encontraram um possível canal de comunicação com os eleitores na imprensa local – contando com jornalistas, editores, articulistas e comentaristas mais ou menos identificados com os diferentes grupos políticos. Ao longo das eleições municipais, e seguindo a lógica da disputa regional, formaram-se dois blocos partidários: os trabalhistas, em torno do PTB, PSP e PSB, e um bloco liberal-conservador de contraposição ao trabalhismo, formado por PSD, PRP, PL, UDN e, mais tarde, PDC e MTR. As sucessivas eleições e a mobilização eleitoral tornaram mais nítidas as diferenças entre os dois blocos políticos e produziram identificação no eleitorado com relação a determinados candidatos. Coligações, partidos, candidatos e apoiadores construíram qualificativos sobre suas candidaturas e sobre os adversários, destacando aspectos morais e as competências que, em suas concepções, eram necessárias para o exercício da representação política. Como tais concepções não constituem um fim em si mesmas, a pesquisa avança em direção às práticas dos períodos de campanha eleitoral. As notícias, os artigos e os anúncios publicados na imprensa, bem como o instrumental de mobilização das campanhas eleitorais, são compreendidos não apenas como estratégias de conquista do voto, mas também como práticas que suscitam no eleitor um interesse pela competição eleitoral e estabelecem uma relação entre o voto e a vida cotidiana.
Cette étude vise à comprendre les pratiques de mobilisation électorale et la construction du électeur aux élections municipales dans Canoas/RS entre 1947 et 1963. Canoas est une municipalité dans la région métropolitaine de Porto Alegre, émancipée en 1939 et a tenu ses premières élections seulement après l'Estado Novo. Les années 1940 et 1950 ont enregistré une croissance démographique importante, motivée par la migration des travailleurs ruraux vers la ville, donnant lieu à des nouveaux quartiers – habitée principalement par des familles de travailleurs. Les élections municipales de cette période font partie du contexte de l'intégration des travailleurs urbains au scénario électoral, l'extension du corps électoral et la consolidation de l'expérience démocratique bresilienne – qui a commencé en 1945. Devant de la besoin de construire une image de prestige, les partis et les candidats ont trouvé un canal de communication possible avec les électeurs dans la presse locale – en comptant avec les journalistes, rédacteurs, chroniqueurs et commentateurs plus ou moins identifié avec les différents groupes politiques. Lors des élections municipales, et en suivant la logique de la dispute régionel, ils ont formé deux groupes de parties: les travaillistes, autour du PTB, PSP et PSB, et un bloc libéral-conservateur de l'opposition au travaillisme, formé par le PSD, PRP, PL, UDN et, plus tard, PDC et MTR. Élections successives et mobilisation électorale deviennent plus nettes les différences entre les deux blocs politiques et produite l'identification dans l'électorat au sujet de certains candidats. Coalitions, partis, candidats et partisans construits qualificatifs sur soi et sur leurs adversaires, en soulignant les aspects moraux et les compétences qui, dans leurs vues, étaient nécessaires à l'exercice de la représentation politique. Comme ces concepts ne sont pas une fin en soi, le progrès de la recherche vers les pratiques des périodes de campagne électorale. Nouvelles, articles et annonces dans la presse, et la mobilisation instrumentale des campagnes électorales, sont compris non seulement comme stratégies de conquête du vote, mais aussi comme pratiques qui soulèvent l'électeur un intérêt sur la compétition électorale et établir une relation entre le vote et la vie quotidienne.
Reungoat, Emmanuelle. "Résister c'est exister? : Comprendre la construction des résistances à l'intégration européenne au sein des partis politiques français (1979-2009)". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010327.
Texto completo da fonteStasilo, Miroslav. "Genre de discours politique en France et en Lituanie, éthos des politiciens : déclarations et interviews des candidats élus et des candidats vaincus consécutives aux résultats des élections présidentielles (1993 - 2009)". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880255.
Texto completo da fonteColin, Hélène. "Les reformulations dans le débat politique : les procédés de reformulation mis en oeuvre dans les face-à-face précédant le second tour des élections présidentielles françaises de 1988 et 1995". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H025.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis attempts to show that reformulation can be a way to analyse argumentation (in its rhetorical sense) in the two televised French presidential elections as a starting point. The analysis of the different processes of reformulation used by the speakers made it possible to work out a typology of reformulation formal and functional processes and find out that all reformulation procedures tend to argumentation without the possibility to be connected bi-univocally to such or such argumentative function. We are applying experimentally the reformulation analysis model devised by MARTINOT (1994) which defines reformulation as "any retell process of a previous statement that keeps in the reformulated statement a non variable part around -which the rest of the statement which is variable is articulated"
Konstantopoulos, Nikolaos. "La contribution des titrailles de la "une" des journaux dans la construction de l'événement médiatique : Les résultats électoraux dans les quotidiens nationaux au lendemain des élections législatives grecques de 1993". Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131033.
Texto completo da fonteThe principal questions of the thesis regard the parameters of the discursive production of the headlines as well as the relations between the headlines and the articles of the newspaper and the historical event. The assumptions are: - the accumulation of the journalist's experience defines the production of the headlines, - the relation between the article and the headlines are not direct but influenced by the relevant factors of the media market and - the headline is the particular way to handle the historical event. The research contains 3 tasks: it determines the psycho-sociohistorlcal appearance of the journalistic data; it detects the discursive data relating to the production of headline; it locates the productive factors which legitimate the intervention at the level of persuasion. The validity of the assumptions overrules the behaviorism data as regards the headline production and it proves that the latter is a complex process
Bocco, Riccardo. "Etat et tribus bédouines en Jordanie, 1920-1990 : les Huwaytat : territoire, changement économique, identité politique". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0011.
Texto completo da fonteUntil the beginning of the peace process, Bedouin identity, tribal values and allegiances have been used by the king and the palace elites - including those ones of Palestinian origin - both to counteract Israeli denials of a "national identity" on the east bank, and as an instrument to prevent the subversion of an established order shaken by the rise of Arab socialism or the PLO in the past, or by islamic fundamentalism more recently. However, the Bedouin tribes are far from controlling the state system: during the past decades they have been economically and politically marginalized. Largely dependent on the state, today the Bedouin are much less privileged than the stereotypes on Jordan make scholars believe. By focusing on the Huwaytat, the most important Bedouin tribe of Southern Jordan, the thesis presents the historical ties that have linked the Bedouins to the Hashemites, analyses the process of state-building and its impact on the tribes. After having described the territorial formation of the Hashemite kingdom during the mandate period, through the delimitation of boundaries, the definition of tribes'nationality and the strategies of control over them, the study analyses the development programmes in the steppes, the process of nomads'settlement and the marginalisation of the pastoral economy. The study of the electoral laws from 1929 to 1986 and the parliamentary elections of 1989 in the southern Bedouin constituency allow for focusing on political competition at the local and at the national level, as well as on the process of tribal elites reproduction
Vannetzel, Marie. "La clandestinité ouverte : réseaux et registres de la mobilisation des Frères musulmans en Égypte (2005-2010)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0043.
Texto completo da fonteHow have the Muslim Brothers remained a central political actor in Mubarak's Egypt until the January 25th Revolution, in spite of their illegality and of the repression which targeted them many times ? This study examinates how an illegal political movement manages to exist in the conditions of authoritarianism and it also offers a renewed, non-"Islam focused" perspective on Islamist mobilisations. It shows that the ambivalent status of the "forbidden but tolerated" MB organisation modeled its social anchorage, its internal structure and its negociated position in the egyptian political system, partly inscribing itself in the formal political sphere and partly bypassing it through the implantation in the informal political one. Informal politics is at the core of the MB's modes of existence, protecting them from repression and putting their practices in resonance with vernacular politics. Informality also refers to the mechanisms of the MB's diffusion in social space, to the labile everyday forms of politicisation they deploy and to their organisationnal logics, which are both unyielding and evasive. In the context of the election of 88 MB members of parliament between 2005 and 2010, the "institution of the MP" appears as a relevant site of observation. It takes us into the analysis of the MB's social networks, political strategies and organisational boundaries. The study uses the methodology of "indiciary investigation" based on Ginzburg's paradigm and mobilises the concepts of political ethnography and of the french sociology of political parties' social anchorage, to which it aims to contribute
Diallo, El Hadj Mohamed Ramadan. "Ethnicité et processus démocratique en Guinée, de 1990 à 2015". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3048/document.
Texto completo da fonteFor a good number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa – the French-speaking ones especially – the 1990s represented a transition from authoritarian regimes to democratic ones. This is the case in Guinea where a democratic process began in the mid-1980s, with the fall of the very strict regime of Ahmed Sékou Touré. In contrast to the Western liberal democracies on which it is based, the conventional democracy adopted in Guinea exists in the juridico-institutional layout but does not, in reality, function on the basis of political and social institutions that transcend the ethnic and community groups tensions. Ethnicity is the fundamental matrix. It is manifested by the hybridization of import-export institutional products with specific local realities. Public administration, political parties, socio-cultural organizations rely explicitly or implicitly on ethnicity in their relationship to politics. Several factors are at the root of this double phenomenon of ethnicization of the political fact and politicization of the ethnic fact in Guinea. One may attribute both to the fragility of the State which is struggling to ensure its sovereign missions - security, justice, well-being, etc. - and to the inadequacy of the anchoring of the values, norms and principles of liberal democracy in Guinean society. To this must be added the structuring role of ethnicity as a social group of political mobilization in collective representations
Bertrand, Géraldine. "La transformation du gouvernement local en Russie : le cas de Leningrad/Saint-Pétersbourg, ville sujet de la Fédération, 1989-2000". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0039.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with political transformations in Russia from a local government, from 1989 to 2000. The double process, started by the perestroïka, of democratization and of autonomization of federated entities, placed Leningrad - our case of study -, to the heart of the changes in the country : the reform permitted there, more than anywhere else in Russia, to renew the political leaders in favour of democrats and to redefine the identity of the town, renamed St. Petersburg in 1991. Nevertheless our study has shown that the political capacity of the city has become weaker in ten years because of the lack of legitimacy of its representatives and of the institutions thy embody. Local elites could not revive local traditions of governement that transformed Leningrad into a model of economic and social development for the USSR. The difficult resolution of conflict, especially to clarify and protect local interests, has disturbed the process of democratization and has harmed the political efficiency of the leaders, henceforth sanctioned by the vote. This conclusion is the result of an analysis centred on local elites, whiche valorizes as the influence of central authorities as those of the citizens, at the root of the new democratic legitimacy. It not only underlines the specifity of local level and the weight of soviet legacy, but also the role of the context and of learnings, which weight more every day on the orientation's process. So, this study enables a better comprehension of democratization's mecanisms, leadership and regionalization, from a local point of view
Soleimanian, Mohammad-Hadi. "La légitimité théocratique et la légitimité démocratique : l'organisation des pouvoirs dans le système constitutionnel iranien". Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20010.
Texto completo da fonteAccording to the 1979 constitution, Iran is an Islamic republic based upon Shiite Islam and run by Velâyat-e-Faqih which is indirectly elected by the people. It acknowledges the principle of representation through free general elections of the President of the Republic, the parliament and council and regional committees. It acknowledges all the liberties congruent with Islamic laws. An agency is in charge of determining whether the laws do nont break the constitution or the Islamic laws. This study will at the level of its legitimacy, theocratic and democratic
Buduchev, Vitaly. "La fabrique médiatique des élections biélorusses : la lecture nationale de l’événement et les représentations transnationales à l’épreuve des dynamiques coopératives". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL018.
Texto completo da fonteThis work focuses on the journalists from Russian and French daily newspapers who cover political events on the Belarussian territory. Their own national and transnational representations, are at the center of our questioning. The way their cooperative interactions elaborate the Russian and French audience's perception of the Belarusian elections is another aspect of this work. Their narrative, framed by each newspaper's editorial project for which they work is the third aspect this thesis explores.Our goal is to identify the common values that tie together the different actors of the world of information in Minsk, which is motivated by foreign reporters. Furthermore, we shed light on inner dynamics within the groups that take part in the mutual production of information, which create distinct communities that make up this world and are united around their own objectives, their own identities, and their own narrative. This is where the matter of borders between these communities lies and allows us to reveal the foreign reporters' team and the Belarusian dissident community. This work also interrogates the structures of both communities, the relationships between their respective members, their inner conventions, the relations between colleagues and individuals outside of the group. Finally, we explore the results of such cooperation, which are in line with the editorial projects of the Russian and French newspapers. Thus we analyze the expression of professional logistics on an editorial scale that transpires through the enunciation of the different press titles
Goepfert, Eva-Marie. "Médias, politique et vie privée : analyse du phénomène de peopolisation dans la presse écrite française". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20090/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe celebretization is a narrative and social phenomenon. It is being made and settled down in French public sphere. In order to study this phenomenon’s manifestation in discourses and its construction in social sphere, this work starts from an uncertainty about what it is of what it is and observe the phenomenon in process from an interdisciplinary approach that combines pragmatic sociology and Greimas’ semiotics. There is, in our work, two guidelines. The first, empirical, observes and analyzes the phenomenon of celebretization in French newspapers, during the presidential campaign of 2007 and after. The second, theoretical and methodological, experiences an interdisciplinary way of look and think a phenomenon that emerges from a communication’s society where socialization’s spaces are more and more confused. Thus, the journalist is a narrator who plays the role of translator and spokesperson. He depicts characters trough their actions and identities from different relations of worth. But the journalist is also an actor who defines and performs the celebretization. This posture propels the narrative out of the text in order to consider it as a practice or reflective action; each narrative is an answer that solves (or denounce) the tension induced by heterogeneity and built the celebretization
Fréchet, Nadjim, e Nadjim Fréchet. "Être ou ne pas être britannique, telle est la question : idéologie des partis conservateurs britannique et écossais". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37888.
Texto completo da fonteLes choix politiques et idéologiques des gouvernements conservateurs britanniques de Thatcher et Major ont longtemps rendu le Parti conservateur écossais impopulaire auprès des électeurs écossais. Néanmoins, le Parti conservateur écossais a remarquablement amélioré ses résultats électoraux lors des élections écossaises de 2016 et britanniques de 2017. Ce mémoire, divisé en deux chapitres avec leur propre question de recherche, évalue si les meilleurs résultats du Parti conservateur écossais sont expliqués par différents facteurs liés aux principaux clivages idéologiques identifiés dans la littérature, soit les clivages économique, culturel et centre-périphérie. Le premier chapitre évalue quels clivages idéologiques a eu le plus d’effet sur le vote conservateur en Écosse et au Royaume-Uni, aux élections de 2017 avec les données de panel du British Election Study de 2014 à 2017. Les analyses montrent que plus un électeur est à droite économiquement, plus la probabilité qu’il vote pour le Parti conservateur au Royaume-Uni et en Écosse est forte. Ils démontrent également que la probabilité de voter conservateur est la même au Royaume-Uni comme en Écosse en fonction du positionnement des électeurs sur les trois clivages idéologiques. Le deuxième chapitre évalue si les récents résultats électoraux du Parti conservateur écossais ne sont pas dus à son éloignement idéologique du Parti conservateur britannique de 2012 à 2019. Avec les données du Scottish Attitude Survey de 2012 à 2015, du British Attitude Survey de 2012 à 2017, du panel du British Election Study de 2014 à 2019 et de textes parlementaires de politiciens conservateurs britanniques et écossais de 2012 à 2019, les analyses montrent que les partis conservateurs écossais et britannique ne se sont pas éloignés idéologiquement. Les analyses montrent en général que la remontée du Parti conservateur écossais n’est pas due à son éloignement idéologique du Parti conservateur britannique.
The political and ideological decisions of the British Conservative Party under Thatcher and Major leadership have long made the Scottish Conservative Party unpopular with Scottish voters. Nevertheless, the Scottish Conservative Party has remarkably improved its election results at the 2016 Scottish election and the 2017 British election. This memory thesis, divided into two distinct chapters, assesses whether the Scottish Conservative Party last electoral results can be explained by different factors related to the economic, cultural, and centre-periphery ideological cleavages. The first chapter assesses which of the three ideological cleavages had the most important effect on the conservative vote in Scotland and the UK, at the 2017 election using panel data from the 2014-2017 British Election Study. The results show that the more a voter is on the right economically, higher is the probability that he voted for the Conservative Party in the UK and Scotland. The results also show that the likelihood of voting Conservative is almost the same in the UK as in Scotland, depending on the voters’ position on the three ideological scales. The second chapter assesses whether the Scottish Conservative Party’s recent election results are not due to its ideological detachment from the British Conservative Party from 2012 to 2019. With data from the 2012-2015 Scottish Attitude Survey, from the 2012-2017 British Attitude Survey, from the 2014-2019 panel data from British Election Study and from parliamentary debate texts of British and Scottish conservative politicians from 2012 to 2019, the results show that the Scottish and British conservative parties have not moved ideologically apart. Overall, the results tend to show that the rise of the Scottish Conservative Party is not due to its ideological detachment from the British Conservative Party.
The political and ideological decisions of the British Conservative Party under Thatcher and Major leadership have long made the Scottish Conservative Party unpopular with Scottish voters. Nevertheless, the Scottish Conservative Party has remarkably improved its election results at the 2016 Scottish election and the 2017 British election. This memory thesis, divided into two distinct chapters, assesses whether the Scottish Conservative Party last electoral results can be explained by different factors related to the economic, cultural, and centre-periphery ideological cleavages. The first chapter assesses which of the three ideological cleavages had the most important effect on the conservative vote in Scotland and the UK, at the 2017 election using panel data from the 2014-2017 British Election Study. The results show that the more a voter is on the right economically, higher is the probability that he voted for the Conservative Party in the UK and Scotland. The results also show that the likelihood of voting Conservative is almost the same in the UK as in Scotland, depending on the voters’ position on the three ideological scales. The second chapter assesses whether the Scottish Conservative Party’s recent election results are not due to its ideological detachment from the British Conservative Party from 2012 to 2019. With data from the 2012-2015 Scottish Attitude Survey, from the 2012-2017 British Attitude Survey, from the 2014-2019 panel data from British Election Study and from parliamentary debate texts of British and Scottish conservative politicians from 2012 to 2019, the results show that the Scottish and British conservative parties have not moved ideologically apart. Overall, the results tend to show that the rise of the Scottish Conservative Party is not due to its ideological detachment from the British Conservative Party.
Antonakis, Constantin. "Les aspects politiques de l'évolution de la nouvelle vie parlementaire au sein du Parlement européen depuis sa première élection au suffrage universel direct en juin 1979 : le bilan des deux premières législatures". Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020040.
Texto completo da fonteThe appearance of the new parliamentary life within the european parliament elected by direct universal franchise in june 1979. The first two turns of office saw the emergence of new political currents of european size. Via the ups and downs of european integration and the economic questions which are the community's member one concern, the new political european parliamentary game, determined by national interests and the decline of the ideological factor, comes to the fore. At least that's what the political powers of the north and south of the community put forward based on their national choices. Whereas the parliament demands an important role in the institutional system, the new european political system is looking more and more like the american model
Druţă, Sulima Snejana. "La construction du système électoral en République de Moldavie : sur la difficile démocratisation d'un État postsoviétique". Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40030.
Texto completo da fonteThe central issue of this thesis concerns the electoral reform in the Republic of Moldova and deals with the contribution of this reform to the democratization of the political system in a post-soviet country. The new electoral legislation of Moldova is decrypted in the light of the European canons in this field. The reformed legislation study and the electoral actors’ behaviour analysis, during the first two post totalitarian decades, lead to the conclusion that in spite of the more or less uniform formal base, the Moldavian politic leaders very often distorted the democratic meaning of the electoral norm. In Moldova, one of the consequences of the difficult economic transition was the stagnation of the politic democratization. The gain of the power by a communist party, this time through democratic elections, had negative repercussions on the image of Moldova abroad but mainly on his internal policy. The “new” communists reanimated the practice of the authoritarian government and used all administrative and media resources to eliminate the opposition and conserve the power. The alternation at the governance is one of the appreciation criteria, among others, of the democracy of a political regime. In Moldova, after eight years of communist governance, the alternation took finally place in 2009, also through elections. This fact leads us to the conclusion that the democratic principles of the elections, once put into positive law, can help the democratic stabilization of a post totalitarian regime