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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "European coordinated market economies"

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Hörisch, Felix, Jale Tosun, Julian Erhardt e William Maloney. "Varieties of Capitalism and labour market opportunities for the youth". European Journal of Government and Economics 9, n.º 3 (18 de dezembro de 2020): 232–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2020.9.3.5966.

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In this study, we examine the extent to which socio-economic institutions shape young people’s perceptions of labour market opportunity structures and their employment attitudes (i.e. skills and retraining). Building on the varieties of capitalism approach, we expect young people (aged 18–35) in coordinated market economies (CMEs) with encompassing welfare states to regard firm- and industry-specific skills as more important than their peers in liberal market economies (LMEs). To assess this proposition, we draw on original survey data and compare young people’s employment attitudes in five European countries: the United Kingdom (UK), which represents a typical liberal market economy, and Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland as representatives of coordinated market economies. To what extent do different training regimes in CMEs and LMEs shape individual attitudes towards skill formation? The empirical analysis shows that young people’s attitudes with regard to the specificity of skills and the willingness to undertake retraining differ systematically between CME and LME countries and supports our argument that the specific socio-economic institutions matter.
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Kiesewetter, Dirk, e Johannes Manthey. "Tax avoidance, value creation and CSR – a European perspective". Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 17, n.º 5 (2 de outubro de 2017): 803–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-08-2016-0166.

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Purpose This paper aims to answer how corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (“CSR”) affect the relationship between value creation and tax avoidance. This study further analyses the impact of the institutional environment, i.e. whether a country is rather a liberal or a coordinated market economy, on the relationship between CSR and tax avoidance. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis comprises a panel data set of 7,924 observations for the years from 2005 to 2014 for European companies. The relationship between value creation and tax avoidance is tested by grouping the sample in high and low CSR performers. Similarly, the impact of the type of market economy is analysed for the firms. Findings The research design does not find evidence that tax avoidance is creating value. The empirical findings reveal that there is a positive relationship between value creation and the effective tax rate for firms with low social and environmental characteristics. Further, this analysis could show that stronger corporate governance is associated with a lower effective tax rate in both coordinated and liberal market economies. The analysis identifies social strengths being associated with a higher effective tax rate for coordinated market economies. Practical implications It is proposed to encourage CSR disclosure. The creation of incentives for social strengths could increase tax revenue. Firms should reconsider whether the engagement in tax avoidance is worth it and pursue social responsibility to achieve higher value creation for their stakeholders. Originality/value The paper challenges the intuitive expectation that tax avoidance creates value. It is suggested that the governance and CSR culture, as well as the tax legislation in Europe, is different to the USA. Conclusively, tax avoidance is not generating value for the European sample.
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Ganßmann, Heiner. "Rheinische vs. atlantische Wohlfahrtsstaaten: stabile Gegensätze oder verschwindende Unterschiede?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 34, n.º 136 (1 de setembro de 2004): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v34i136.621.

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One of the main questions in recent debates on the future of welfare states has been whether globalization or structural economic change will lead to convergence. To answer that question, the liberal welfare state of the United States and the conservative continental European welfare states are related to differences in the respective capitalist economies, using Soskice´s distinction of liberal and coordinated market economies. Welfare states are described in terms of their performance in three fields: protection against labor market risks, protection against poverty and reduction of income inequalities. Performance differences remain impressive and can be summarily ascribed to the continuing dominant reliance of US capitalism on the threat of immiseration to induce work performance. While continental European production regimes typically use more positive work incentives, some pressures in European economies, especially the relentless push for income redistribution in favor of the rich and the weakness of unions, increase the probability of convergence.
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Martin, Cathie Jo, e Kathleen Thelen. "The State and Coordinated Capitalism: Contributions of the Public Sector to Social Solidarity in Postindustrial Societies". World Politics 60, n.º 1 (outubro de 2007): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.0.0000.

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This article investigates the politics of change in coordinated market econo\mies, and explores why some countries (well known for their highly cooperative arrangements) manage to sustain coordination when adjusting to economic transformation, while others fail. The authors argue that the broad category of “coordinated market economies” subsumes different types of cooperative engagement: macrocorporatut forms of coordination are characterized by national-level institutions for fostering cooperation and feature a strong role for the state, while forms of coordination associated with enterprise cooperation more typically occur at the level of sector or regional institutions and are often privately controlled. Although these diverse forms of coordination once appeared quite similar and functioned as structural equivalents, they now have radically different capacities for self-adjustment.The role of the state is at the heart of the divergence among European coordinated countries. A large public sector affects the political dynamics behind collective outcomes, through its impact both on the state's construction of its own policy interests and on private actors' goals. Although a large public sector has typically been written off as an inevitable drag on the economy, it can provide state actors with a crucial political tool for shoring up coordination in a postindustrial economy. The authors use the cases of Denmark and Germany to illustrate how uncontroversially coordinated market economies have evolved along two sharply divergent paths in the past two decades and to reflect on broader questions of stability and change in coordinated market economies. The two countries diverge most acutely with respect to the balance of power between state and society; indeed, the Danish state—far from being a constraint on adjustment (a central truism in neoliberal thought)—plays the role of facilitator in economic adjustment, policy change, and continued coordination.
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Snell, Jukka. "Varieties of Capitalism and the Limits of European Economic Integration". Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 13 (2011): 415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712801752933.

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AbstractThis chapter considers European economic integration from the perspective of varieties of capitalism. It notes the main threats that integration potentially entails both for liberal and coordinated market economies, and assesses the likelihood of damage to the different models, in particular following the Lisbon Treaty. It is argued descriptively that both types of capitalism can continue to coexist in the European Union, and normatively that it is vital that the integration project is managed in a way that does not fundamentally endanger them.
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Snell, Jukka. "16 Varieties of Capitalism and the Limits of European Economic Integration". Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 13 (2011): 415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000000938.

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AbstractThis chapter considers European economic integration from the perspective of varieties of capitalism. It notes the main threats that integration potentially entails both for liberal and coordinated market economies, and assesses the likelihood of damage to the different models, in particular following the Lisbon Treaty. It is argued descriptively that both types of capitalism can continue to coexist in the European Union, and normatively that it is vital that the integration project is managed in a way that does not fundamentally endanger them.
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Snell, Jukka. "Varieties of Capitalism and the Limits of European Economic Integration". Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 13 (2011): 415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000002093.

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Abstract This chapter considers European economic integration from the perspective of varieties of capitalism. It notes the main threats that integration potentially entails both for liberal and coordinated market economies, and assesses the likelihood of damage to the different models, in particular following the Lisbon Treaty. It is argued descriptively that both types of capitalism can continue to coexist in the European Union, and normatively that it is vital that the integration project is managed in a way that does not fundamentally endanger them.
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Bellocchi, Alessandro, Edgar J. Sanchez Carrera e Giuseppe Travaglini. "What drives TFP long-run dynamics in five large European economies?" Economia Politica 38, n.º 2 (22 de janeiro de 2021): 569–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40888-021-00215-x.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the long-run cointegrating relationship of TFP in a panel of five large European economies, namely France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK. We test whether TFP is determined by the so-called “capital misallocation effects, scale effects, and labor market effects”. By considering aggregate data, over the period 1983–2017, we employ dynamic panel cointegration techniques to identify the long-run component of TFP. We get two main results. First, the interest rate, the real compensation and the real exchange rate have a positive impact on TFP. Then, the incidence of temporary employment (a proxy of labor market flexibility) has a negative effect on TFP. Moreover, for robustness, we run a panel VECM to check for causalities among the variables. Notably, this further excercise confirms the existence of a strong and positive long-run relationship between TFP and prices. We conclude that coordinated policies on the issue of interest rate, exchange rate, labour cost and regulation, may allow to reassemble the productivity slowdown puzzle and strengthen the European economic structure.
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Ryan, Lorraine, Juliet MacMahon, Michelle O’Sullivan, Thomas Turner, Jonathan Lavelle, Caroline Murphy, Mike O’Brien e Patrick Gunnigle. "The Same but Different: Regulating Zero Hours Work in Two Liberal Market Economies". Irish Journal of Management 38, n.º 1 (30 de dezembro de 2019): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijm-2019-0002.

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AbstractThe rise in zero hours contracts in liberal market economies (LMEs) has recently received much attention with calls for regulation to protect workers. LMEs typically adopt flexible labour market policies that are less regulated than coordinated market economies (CMEs) as a competitive advantage. In this paper we examine nuanced differences in the nature and regulation of zero hours work in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland. With an increased diffusion of zero hours work in both countries, we examine the different responses taken by these similar LMEs to this contemporary employment issue. We examine whether, as expected in an LME context, there is weak regulation in both countries and the factors influencing this. We find subtle but important differences between regulations of zero hours contracts. We conclude by discussing the possible implications of the UK’s exit from the European Union (EU) (Brexit) for the regulation of precarious work.
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Noé, Claus. "The euro - wages - employment". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 4, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1998): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425899800400106.

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The arrival of the euro will do away with all possibilities of using exchange rate adjustments to accommodate excessively high or excessively low pay settlements. In a situation of mass unemployment and extremely slow price developments, there is a risk of excessively low wage settlements being reached in order to win markets to the detriment of Euro-partners. There is a threat of mercantilist races to devaluation and a deflatory spiral would destroy any successes achieved on the growth and employment front. Under a single monetary and coordinated fiscal policy (EU stability pact), there is also a need to seek to coordinate incomes policies. The participants must undertake to abide by a macro-economic criterion of wage determination. The productivity trends of the national economies, taken together with the European Central Bank's unavoidable inflation forecast, are useful macro-economic indicators. Such concertation, hitherto neglected in the Treaties, is a task for the labour market partners and the Community bodies.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "European coordinated market economies"

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Björnberg, Andreas, e Fredrik Lindström. "Intellectual capital and innovation in startups". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34478.

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The purpose of this study was to outline how startups shape their intellectual capital to create incremental innovation. This has manifested itself as a black-box for practitioners and it has previously been unknown if startups and established firms differentiate themselves during such a process. A comparison was also made between startups in liberal market economies and the European coordinated market economies. A pilot study was conducted initially using an in-depth interview followed by a literature review, an examination of the intellectual capital construct as used in modern research and an online survey, which was sent to 2000 startups. We contributed through our findings with implications that startups construct their intellectual capital differently than established firms to generate innovation. The startups show a significant relationship between the human capital and incremental innovation as opposed to established firms that often put an emphasis on all the three dimensions of intellectual capital. We also found that there is no significant difference between liberal market economies and European coordinated market economies output of incremental innovation. However, they do differ in terms of the importance of relational capital in the creation of incremental innovation. The relational capital is more important in liberal market economies but does not affect the output of incremental innovation. We expect it has subsequent effects on the outcome of the incremental innovation since higher levels of relational capital could be manifested as a competitive advantage.
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Hammermann, Felix. "Inflation targeting and monetary integration in European emerging market economies /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/574925171.pdf.

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Hammermann, Felix [Verfasser]. "Inflation targeting and monetary integration in European emerging market economies / Felix Hammermann". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019665726/34.

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Horne, Cynthia Michalski. "Are NMEs our enemies? : non-market economies and western trade policies /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10703.

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Liebmann, Dana. "Institutional change in a varieties of capitalism context : how to explain shifts from coordinated market economies towards liberal market economies in the 1990s : an empirical analysis of cross-country data /". München ; Mering : Hampp, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3251474&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Liebmann, Dana. "Institutional change in a varieties of capitalism context how to explain shifts from coordinated market economies towards liberal market economies in the 1990s ; an empirical analysis of cross-country data". München Mering Hampp, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992913810/04.

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Serôdio, Pedro Miguel da Silva. "The export performance of the 2004 EU enlargement economies : a constant market share analysis". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10615.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
A 1 de Maio de 2004, dez países aderiram à União Europeia. O alargamento significou, para estes dez Estados, uma oportunidade para desenvolverem as suas economias, tendo acesso a uma união económica com elevado poder de compra. Recorrendo a duas análises de Quotas de Mercado Constante, é avaliada a performance exportadora destes dez países para a União Europeia a quinze. Os resultados demonstram que as economias com melhor performance - a República Checa e a Eslováquia - apresentam os seus melhores resultados em exportações de nível tecnológico médio/alto e intensivas em capital, e a Alemanha como principal mercado de destino.
On May 1st 2004, ten countries joined the European Union. For these ten States, the enlargement meant, among other aspects, an opportunity to develop their economies by having access to an economic union with high purchasing power. Using two different Constant Market Share Analysis, this study evaluates the export performance of these ten countries to the first fifteen Member States of the European Union. The results show that the best performing economies - the Czech and Slovak Republics - had their best results in medium to high tech capital intensive exports, being Germany the main destination market.
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Schwarz, Gerald [Verfasser]. "The BSE Crisis on the European Beef Market : Modelling of Changing Demand Patterns and Substitution Effects in Integrated Economies / Gerald Schwarz". Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1179022025/34.

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Gugler, Klaus, Mario Liebensteiner e Stephan Schmitt. "Vertical disintegration in the European electricity sector: Empirical evidence on lost synergies". Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2017.04.002.

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The EU has been promoting unbundling of the transmission grid from other stages of the electricity supply chain with the aim of fostering competition in the upstream stage of electricity generation. At present, ownership unbundling is the predominant form of unbundling in Europe. From a policy perspective, a successful unbundling regime would require that the benefits of increased competition in power generation would at least offset the associated efficiency losses from vertical divestiture. Since evidence on this topic is scarce, this study helps fill this void by empirically estimating the magnitude of economies of vertical integration (EVI) between electricity generation and transmission based on a quadratic cost function. For this purpose we employ unique firm-level panel data of European electricity utilities. Our results confirm the presence of substantial EVI of 14% for the median sized integrated utility. Moreover, EVI tend to increase with firm size.
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Casserly, Damian John. "Input-output modelling, economic integration and local economies : an investigation into the impact of the single European market on the Bournemouth and Poole economy". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270406.

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Livros sobre o assunto "European coordinated market economies"

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Wong, Shiu-Fai. Environmental Technology Development in Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312376185.

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Hopkinson, Nicholas. The European and US economies: Business strategies forthe new European single market. London: HMSO, 1991.

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Hardt, John Pearce. European regional market: A forgotten key to success of European economies in transition? [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.

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Hopkinson, Nicholas. The European and US economies: Business strategies for the new european single market. London: HMSO, 1990.

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Hochreiter, Eduard. Central banks in European emerging market economies in the 1990s. Wien: Oesterreichische Nationalbank, 2000.

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Tracy, Michael. Agricultural policy in the European Union and other market economies. Genappe-La Hutte: APS-Agricultural Policy Studies, in association with Agra Focus, 1996.

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Ichimura, Shinʼichi. Transition from socialist to market economies: Comparison of European and Asian experiences. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Kamiński, Bartłomiej. How the market transition affected export performance in the Central European economies. Washington, D.C: International Economics Dept., World Bank, 1993.

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Ichimura, Shinʼichi. Transition from socialist to market economies: Comparison of European and Asian experiences. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Ehrenberg, Ronald G. Labor markets and integrating national economies. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 1994.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "European coordinated market economies"

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Martín-Artiles, Antonio, Eduardo Chávez-Molina e Renata Semenza. "Social Models for Dealing with Inequalities". In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 35–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_2.

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AbstractThis chapter compares social models in Europe and Latin America. The goal is to study the interaction between two institutions: on the one hand, pre-distributive (ex ante) institutions, such as the structure and coverage of collective bargaining and, on the other hand, post-distributive (ex post) institutions, such as unemployment protection and social policy. Pre-distributive institutions are important for correcting inequalities in the labour market, because they introduce guidelines for egalitarian wage structures. Post-distributive institutions help to mitigate inequalities generated in the labour market.The methodology is based on statistical analysis of a series of indicators related to pre and post-distributive policies. The results present three types of model: (1) coordinated economies, typical of neo-corporatist Scandinavian countries; (2) mixed economies, typical of Mediterranean systems, and (3) uncoordinated economies, which equate to liberalism and the Latin American ‘structural heterogeneity’ model. It is neo-corporatist coordinated economies that generate the most pre and post-distributive equality. In turn, uncoordinated economies, and Latin American ones in particular, generate more inequalities due to highly informal employment and the weakness of their post-distributive institutions.
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Wong, Shiu-Fai. "Traditional Institutions are Ineffective in an Exceptional Policy Sector". In Environmental Technology Development in Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies, 1–17. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312376185_1.

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Wong, Shiu-Fai. "Tweaking Institutions in the Shadow of the State". In Environmental Technology Development in Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies, 19–48. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312376185_2.

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Wong, Shiu-Fai. "“Different Traits Design” Comparisons". In Environmental Technology Development in Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies, 49–61. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312376185_3.

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Wong, Shiu-Fai. "Varieties of Regulatory State: Wind Power Diffusion in the United Kingdom and Germany". In Environmental Technology Development in Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies, 63–92. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312376185_4.

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Wong, Shiu-Fai. "Varieties of State-Societal Structure: Packaging Waste Recycling Development in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland". In Environmental Technology Development in Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies, 93–121. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312376185_5.

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Wong, Shiu-Fai. "Varieties of State-Societal Relationship: Environmentally Friendly Auto Technology Advancement in the United States and Japan". In Environmental Technology Development in Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies, 123–58. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312376185_6.

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Wong, Shiu-Fai. "Conclusions". In Environmental Technology Development in Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies, 159–81. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312376185_7.

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Fraunholz, Christoph, Andreas Bublitz, Dogan Keles e Wolf Fichtner. "Impact of Electricity Market Designs on Investments in Flexibility Options". In The Future European Energy System, 199–218. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60914-6_11.

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AbstractAgainst the background of several European countries implementing capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRM) as an extension to the energy-only market (EOM), this chapter provides a quantitative assessment of the long-term cross-border effects of CRMs in the European electricity system. For this purpose, several scenario analyses are carried out using the electricity market model PowerACE. Three different market design settings are investigated, namely, a European EOM, national CRM policies, and a coordinated CRM. The introduction of CRMs proves to be an effective measure substantially shifting investment incentives toward the countries implementing the mechanisms. However, CRMs increase generation adequacy also in the respective neighboring countries, indicating that free riding occurs. A coordinated approach therefore seems preferable in terms of both lower wholesale electricity prices and generation adequacy.
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Khemani, R. Shyam. "Competition Law and Policy in the Transitional Market Economies". In Turkey and Central and Eastern European Countries in Transition, 243–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-97800-9_11.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "European coordinated market economies"

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Besselink, R., D. Dudoignon, T. Ringelband, P. H. Schavemaker, J. Schwachheim e R. Sikora. "TSC's coordinated intraday capacity calculation concept". In 2015 12th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2015.7216671.

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Farsi, Mehdi, Massimo Filippini, Marie-Anne Plagnet e Roxana Saplacan. "The economies of scale in the French power distribution utilities". In 2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2010.5558778.

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Narin, Müslüme, e Younes Gholizadeh. "Comparing the European Union and Turkey's Renewable Energy Policies". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02155.

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European Union countries (EU), because they have to import a large portion of the consumed energy, on the one hand are trying to develop effective energy consumption, and on the other hand to increase their share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption. In this context, the European Commission, published "2017 Progress Report" about renewable energy sources in the framework of EU 2020 Renewable Energy Targets". In this report, it is indicated that the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption has been increased to 16,4% and with regards to renewable energy sources, a vast majority of EU countries are compatible with their 2020 targets. The EU's policy towards renewable energy sources supports the "Energy Union Action Plan" in five categories: Energy security, market integration, energy efficiency, decarbonization and innovation. For instance, within the framework of energy security, the increase in EU renewable energy sources saved 16 billion Euros in fossil fuel imports in 2015. In accordance with "Clean Energy Package for Europe", emphasized the importance of providing cheap energy to the countries within EU market. Greenhouse gas emissions have declined with consuming renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study is to provide the latest developments in long-standing renewable energy policies in the EU and Turkey comparatively. In this context, first, the Turkey's renewable energy policies will be studied comparatively, thereafter, the effectiveness of these policies in the EU and Turkey will be investigated.
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ÖZTÜRK, YUSUF KEMAL, e Selami Sedat Akgöz. "European Union’s Expansion and Globalization Strategies: A Special Investigation on Poland". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00503.

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During the development process, particularly Middle and Eastern European Countries have increasingly integrated into the Union economy while parliaments, governments, public and private sectors have put forth significant effort to prepare for membership to European Union. European Union, on the other hand, prepared a financial framework in 1989 to actively support such efforts. Thus the Union financial and institutional regulations were realized to finance the process of transition to market economy. In this regard, Poland has quickly completed the necessary steps for harmonization and accelerated its efforts towards this goal. Following the radical change Poland experienced after 1989, the process of democratization and transition to open market economy. In our study we compared and investigated Poland economic and political situation before joining European Union, with the developments during the harmonization process and its economic structure today. In this process, it will be appropriate to take a look at Poland recent political and economic life as well as the reasons as to why Poland is an important state for Europe.
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Belet, Nuran. "European Energy Association (EEA) and Turkey's Regional “Energy Hub” Possibility: Opportunities and Challenges". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01763.

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European Union Commission declared its vision on European Energy Association EEA including comprehensive changes on energy strategy about energy cooperation and climate changes, as well as conversion and its multi-dimensional cooperation objectives with its report European Commission, Energy Union Package, COM 2015-80. Current cost of energy to the European Union damages its competitiveness in the international market due to its high dependence on energy supply. EU will play an active role in the international energy market with EEA on both energy dependence and on energy supply security. Only four countries are listed on the EEA vision document among alternative producers, cooperation with transit countries and strategic partners: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Turkey. Due to its geo-strategic location Turkey is the most affordable and reliable energy transit route between Central Asia and Europe. In this study Turkey’s place as a strategic transit country and its partnership in TAP/TANAP projects as well as its possibility to become a regional energy hub and an oil corridor in the East-West route will be discussed in detail as it is stated in EEA vision document. In this context, possibilities, challenges and related macro-economic policies will be evaluated.
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Ganiev, Junus, Jusup Pirimbaev e Damira Baigonushova. "Relationship between Exchange Rate and Reserves in EAEU Countries". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02380.

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The Eurasian Economic Union, which was officially established five years ago, faced many financial and economic problems in this period. After 2014, when sanctions against Russia began, all members’ national currency suffered serious depreciation and central banks had to actively intervene in the foreign exchange market. In fact, Russia and Kazakhstan have changed regime and switched from the fixed to the flexible exchange rate system. Since the foreign exchange market has been more stable in recent years, central banks are trying to complete the reserves that had been lost that period. Therefore, with the change of foreign reserves, money supply is also changing. The aim of this study is to examine and compare the relationship between exchange rates, reserves and money supply in five EAEU countries. Quarterly data for the period 2010-2019 was used to achieve the goal. Toda-Yamamoto causality and ARDL cointegration approach were used as a method. It was concluded that more coordinated execution of monetary and exchange rate policies would be in favor of all members. However, the basic principle should be that all members benefit equally from the cooperation.
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Ballı, Esra, e Gülçin Güreşçi Pehlivan. "Economic Effects of European Neighborhood Policy on Countries". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00777.

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After the fifth enlargement of European Union in 2004 and with the expansion of European Unions borders and new neighbors, it became one of the important policies to provide security, stability and prosperity, and develop relationship between neighborhood countries. Although, enlargement process provide some opportunities to the member states of European Union, it brings about some difficulties. The differences at the life standards, environment, public health, prevention and combating organized crime between European Union and neighbor countries caused to create new policies. European Neighborhood Policy was launched in 2004, and consists of 16 countries, namely: Israel, Jordan, Moldova, Morocco, The Palestinian Authority, Tunisia, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Lebanon, Algeria, Syria, Libya and Belarus. European Union and the partner country sign the Partnership and Cooperation Agreements or Association Agreements, and then the Agreement Action Plans are mutually adapted. Action Plans include privileged relationship, mutual commitment to common values, democracy and human rights, legal and market economy principles, good governance, sustainable development, energy and transportation policies. Within the framework of European Neighborhood Policy, the main aim is to arrange the relationship between the neighbors of European Union. In this study, economic effects of the European Neighborhood Policy will be examined for the relevant countries.
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Zhou, L. X., Z. D. Yin, X. N. Xiao, Z. J. Wang, Z. Q. Wang e Y. T. Tan. "Considerations on the coordinated control of controllable reactors". In 2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market (EEM 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2008.4579080.

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Kaptue Kampa, A., e J. Verstege. "Coordinated congestion management in transmission systems operation planning". In 2009 6th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2009.5311430.

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Öngel, Volkan. "An Alternative Foreign Trade Market for Turkey: The Eurasian Economic Community". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00222.

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The Eurasian Economic Community (EEC) is an international organization that has been created by five Commonwealth of İndependent States countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan) on October 10th,2000. The object of this organization was promote the creation of a customs union and the common economic space. After ten years in 2010, three countries (Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan) made a custom union agreement as a second step. And the target is to establish a common economic space by 1 January 2012, a single market for goods, investment and labor. This custom union creates a common market of 170 million people with a $2 trillion economy, $900 billion trade and 90 billion barrels of oil reserves. This three countries have a strategic geopolitical position, rich producer goods reserves:especially oil and natural gas. The economic structure of this three countries can be explain as consumer goods importer, producer goods exporter. This is the exact opposite of European Union economic structure. Therefore, this paper argues that The Eurasian Economic Community would be a good foreign trade market alternative of EU for Turkey. Hence this paper tries to analyse the trade opportunities of this market for Turkey’s export. This paper based on the statistical foreign trade datas of relevant countries.
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