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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "European framework programs"
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Abdizhapparova, B. T., N. S. Khanzharov e I. A. Pankina. "European framework standards for study programs in food science and engineering". Journal of Almaty Technological University, n.º 2 (20 de agosto de 2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2021-2-61-65.
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The role of European documents in the development of learning outcomes is described in the paper. In addition to the main European documents describing the qualification level of graduates, the sectoral frameworks provide a benchmark for learning outcomes in the profile of the program. Compliance with the framework standard is the foundation for a study program to receive a quality label. As an example, the EQAS-Food and EUR-ACE® standards for study programs in the field of food science and engineering are considered. The focus on the framework standards ensure transparency and harmonization of study programs with European best practice.
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Sarkisyan, D. B. "The framework programs of the European Union: The organizational form of European scientific-technological cooperation". Scientific and Technical Information Processing 38, n.º 4 (outubro de 2011): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0147688211040095.
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Saibert, Richard. "European Sectoral Qualifications Framework for Military Officer Profession from the Perspective of the Czech Republic". Vojenské rozhledy 30, n.º 3 (8 de setembro de 2021): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.03.059-074.
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The article deals with the issue of application of the European Sectoral Qualifications Framework for Military Officer Profession. Paper brings the main results of levelling the Senior Officer Course to the European Core Curriculum for Military Officers (MILOF-CORE). It was found out that 18 out of 35 learning outcomes of the Senior Officer Course were found to considerable degree relevant to the MILOF-CORE, the rest contain a various degree of national specifics. Lessons learned gained from the levelling were employed in a recent revision of study programs of the career courses organized by the Center for Security and Military Strategic Studies of the University of Defence.
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Arnott, Stephanie, e Marie-Josée Vignola. "The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in French immersion teacher education". Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 6, n.º 2 (23 de outubro de 2018): 321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jicb.17008.arn.
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Abstract Over 11% of Canadian students are currently enrolled in French immersion (FI) – a program where French is a subject of study and is the language of instruction in at least two content areas. Research shows that stakeholders in FI initial teacher education (ITE) programs identify French language proficiency development as an area of high priority; however, Canadian ITE programs do not typically provide linguistic support. This article reports on an adaptation and implementation of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) (specifically, the European Language Portfolio [ELP]) as part of a remedial 24-week French writing course in an FSL ITE program focused on developing French proficiency. Student-teachers (n = 25) and the course instructor identified strengths and challenges associated with this initiative via surveys and interviews. Findings show participant convergence and divergence on the portfolio experience, raising implications for decision-making related to its use in ITE programs targeting FI teachers.
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Michalopoulos, Evangelos, Andreas Georgiou e Konstantinos Paparrizos. "Risk-based decision making and risk management of European Union regional programs". Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 18, n.º 1 (2008): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0801075m.
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This paper presents a generalized method for management decision making incorporating risk assessment techniques. The risk based decision making methodology is applied to European Union expenditure programs used to implement its regional policy, such as the community support framework, community initiatives, special initiatives and other European policies. An example is presented for the development of an audit (inspection) program in the region of West Macedonia, Greece, during the implementation of the 3rd Community Structural Support Framework Operational Program. The generic nature of the method permits its use in the management of similar European regional programs in Greece and other European countries. It is also applicable to many other industries interested in applying risk-based management decisions to physical or process based systems. .
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Garas, A., e P. Argyrakis. "A network approach for the scientific collaboration in the European Framework Programs". EPL (Europhysics Letters) 84, n.º 6 (dezembro de 2008): 68005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/84/68005.
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Kondratyuk, Marta. "INTRODUCING CERTAIN ELEMENTS OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING INTO UKRANIAN TRANSLATION PROGRAMS". Science and Education 2019, n.º 2 (janeiro de 2019): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2019-2-3.
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The article deals with the urgency of introduction of project-based learning in the Translation Programs of Ukrainian universities and discusses some directions for the introduction of project-based learning (PBL) in terms of translator’s competences as defined by the European Competence Framework for translation programs. The article offers a review of John Dewey’s theory of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and suggests some ways of how to incorporate its elements into the university Translation programs and how the European requirements for MA in Translation can help to determine the directions for the development of the elements of the PBL in Translation Programs. In the framework of the theoretical study, we carried out the review of various sources dealing with the PBL and reviewed the EMT requirements in Ukrainian context.
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Bereza, Anatoliy, Vyacheslav Kazmirenko, Olena Tsilmak, Oksana Melenko e Olena Shvedova. "Regulatory framework for urban policy in some European countries: an experience for Ukraine". Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, n.º 29 (18 de maio de 2020): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.29.05.56.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the regulatory framework for urban policy in some European countries in order to emulate their positive experience and to implement it in Ukrainian legislation. Methodology. The study used general scientific and special methods of legal science, in particular, analysis and synthesis method, logical method, logical and semantic method, historical and legal method, comparative and legal method. The results of the study. The foreign practice of regulatory framework for urban policy provision, the features of its development and implementation have been considered. The content of urban policy in a number of European countries (Latvia, Finland, France and the Czech Republic) has been studied and the relevant programs implemented by the European Union have been examined. Practical implications. The experience of foreign countries has shown that State urban policy is not always set out in a single document, but as a rule is presented in several legal acts or is a component of other State programs, especially in the area of regional policy. Value/originality. The authors have proven that taking into account the peculiarities of regulatory framework for urban policy in Ukraine, it would be appropriate to adopt a separate document on urban policy that would consider the European practice and legislation of the European Union in this area, as well as the peculiarities of Ukrainian cities.
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Humenna, O. "DOUBLE/JOINT DEGREE PROGRAMS: THE LEGAL ASPECT". Innovative Solution in Modern Science 1, n.º 37 (26 de março de 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.1(37)2020.11.
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The paper analyzes the documents of the European Higher Education Area and Ukraine, which enable the development and implementation of double/joint degree programs. It has been found that the implementation of double/joint degree programs has been addressed at all ministerial conferences responsible for higher education in the European Higher Education Area. An analysis of the legal framework of Ukraine showed that there are appropriate documents at the national level that allow the development and implementation of double/joint degree programs. The following issues have been identified for the implementation of double/joint degree programs: ensuring sustainability; ensuring proper funding; curriculum development; legal issues; recruitment of students; providing support from national or international organizations/government; program accreditation; academic calendar differences; institutional support; credit transfer agreement; communication with a partner; a fee structure agreement; language issues; the extent of the duration agreement; double counting of credits; negotiation development on the double/joint degree programs development.Key words: European Higher Education Area, academic mobility, European Research Area, recognition of higher education qualifications.
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Woźniak, Piotr. "Udział państw objętych Europejską Polityką Sąsiedztwa w programach ramowych badań". Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, n.º 1 (27 de novembro de 2016): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2016.1.8.
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The aim of the European Neighbourhood Policy is to search for a new quality of cooperation between the EU and the states whose membership in the European Union is not presently considered. After preparation in 2004 of basic assumptions of the policy, activity of the ENP states in the framework programmes became a matter of interest of this policy. The paper presents the place of the framework programs in the European Neighbourhood Policy and the changes in participation in subsequent framework programmes, starting from 2002. It focuses on the analysis of instruments available in the seventh framework programme presentation of main assumptions on cooperation between ENP partner states in the Horizon 2020 programme.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "European framework programs"
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Cresti, Simone. "The determinants for the success of European research projects. What you must know to have your research proposal granted". Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1173419.
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This research helps in understanding the complex world of the competitive research in Europe, dealing in particular with Framework Programmes and the characteristics expected from research proposals in order to be funded.
The European Commission uses Framework Programmes as financial policy action to support the achievement of its strategic objectives. The allocation of resources, through multiannual framework programmes, boosts research and innovation in all different fields regardless national, regional or economic logics: direct and competitive funds are allocated according to excellence, expected impacts and outcomes planned by proposals, through an ex ante peer review evaluation by selected and independent experts. Actors engaged in this competition are mainly universities, research centres, public bodies, NGOs and the private sector.
In the last 20 years many Higher Education Systems in Europe have experienced a marked change in the funding mechanism: public funds have been more and more reducing pushing public universities and research centres to raise external funds. European Commission programmes are one of the main financial resource to be taken into consideration in order to fund research projects, development and innovation.
Therefore competitiveness for the research sector have become a mantra, a pillar for strategic decisions at the governance level.
This work, after a comprehensive description of the framework programmes, their history, the actors and the rules of the play, aims at explaining the reasons why some country gains more funds than others, why some organisation raise more funds than others and what fundamental rules have to be respected during the planning phase of a research project.
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Duygu, Oktem. "Impact Analysis Of European Framework Programmes On Turkish Universities Pilot Study On Information And Communication Technologies, Energy, Food, Agriculture And Fisheries And Biotechnology Themes". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614947/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the scientific and technological, economic, social and organizational impacts of the European Framework Programmes (FPs) on Turkish universities by focusing on the projects in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Energy, Food, Agriculture and Fisheries and Biotechnology (KBBE) themes in order to understand, monitor and evaluate outcomes and impacts of FPs as well as to help decision makers and policy makers to develop strategies for maximizing benefits of participation.
Data/document review and survey methods were used as evaluation methods. TÜBITAK and EC&rsquo
s data and document were reviewed. An online survey was sent to the academicians who have Seventh Framework Projects (FP7) projects in these themes in Turkey. Data that were gathered by survey were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U Test Method. We concluded that the impacts of these four categories of FP7 projects were high on the universities. Value additions of scientific and technological impacts are relatively high compared to other impacts. Universities whose roles were coordinator or WP leader have higher impacts in all factors. Turkey'
s participation and success in the FP7 are growing thanks to TÜ
BITAK&rsquo
s effort, but further efforts are needed for meeting competitive participation within a defined strategy. Bearing in mind the results of the impact analyses, the study supports Turkey&rsquo
s continuity to forthcoming FPs but there is need for developing national strategies to maximize benefits of participation and to integrate the outcomes with the national innovation strategy.
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Deerness-Plesner, Gina Eleanor Mary. "The Final Frontier? New Zealand engagement with the European Union in the field of research, science and technology". Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2697.
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This dissertation endeavours to address an identified gap in literature concerning the relationship between New Zealand and the European Union (EU) in the field of research, science and technology (RS&T). Examination of the partnership begins with the creation of the Science and Technological Cooperation (STC) Arrangement in 1991 and comes to a close in 2008, following the Arrangement’s ‘upgrade’ to an STC Agreement on 16 July. During this time, the intensification of the EU’s activities in RS&T is evident. The Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) currently constitutes the most internationalised Programme to date. Identifying the complementary nature of New Zealand and EU research priorities thus suggests that now, more than ever, the New Zealand research community stands to gain from participation within such an inclusive venture.
Aiming to assess the current status of New Zealand-EU research collaboration, the research identifies a number of recurring themes, both positive and negative, that influence the nature of the RS&T relationship. These themes focus on problems concerning visibility within the EU, geographical isolation from this important market, an absence of targeted domestic funding for New Zealand-EU RS&T collaboration and the unwieldy bureaucratic process of the Framework Programme. The research also determines the importance of both ‘official’ and ‘informal’ mechanisms’ in combating the outlined collaborative bottlenecks. Taking these themes into account, the thesis ultimately looks to provide recommendations concerning the future of New Zealand-EU engagement in this field.
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Gridchyna, Inna. "Utilisation de la norme juridique comme instrument de régulation du marché des médicaments innovants en Europe et en France". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21951/document.
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L’innovation permet d’améliorer la santé des patients mais elle est aussi importante pour le développement économique du secteur pharmaceutique. En dépit de son importance, la définition de cette notion dans le domaine de la santé est très complexe. Dans notre travail nous apportons des éléments de réponse à la définition de la notion de « médicament innovant » dans une perspective communautaire et nationale. Puis nous avons procédé à une analyse des normes juridiques appliquées à la régulation du marché des médicaments innovants. L’Union européenne, ainsi que la France, mettent en œuvre des initiatives politiques favorisant la recherche dans le domaine de l’innovation pharmaceutique. Les normes juridiques sont utilisées pour organiser un accès précoce aux médicaments prometteurs ; elles peuvent également inciter au développement de médicaments innovants et jouer un rôle important dans leur valorisation. Une étude comparative entre la France et l’Angleterre a mis en évidence une tendance au développement d’outils similaires utilisés dans le champ de la régulation du marché des médicaments innovants. Enfin, dans ce domaine dans lequel l’innovation n’est pas définie par les usagers, le cadre juridique joue un rôle crucial, renforcé à l’heure actuelle par un contexte de contrainte budgétaireInnovation improves the health of patients, and it is also important for economic development of the pharmaceutical sector. Despite its importance, the definition of this concept in the field of healthcare is very complicated. In our work we provide answers to the definition of the term "innovative drug" from European community and national perspectives. Then we analyze the use of legal norms in regulating the market of innovative medicines. The European Union and France have policy initiatives encouraging research of innovative drugs. Legal standards are used to organize early access to promising drugs, they also serve to promote the discovery of innovative drugs, as well as play an important role in the development of these drugs. A comparative study between France and England showed the tendency in using the same tool regulating the market of innovative drugs. Finally, in the field where innovation is not defined by the users a legal framework plays a crucial role, and considering current budget constraints, its role is strengthened
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Čermáková, Barbora. "Inovace v EU a možnosti využití jejich podpory v ČR". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75131.
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This thesis deals with the topic of innovations in the EU and the instruments of their support. The aim of this paper is to sum up the results of the support which was provided for innovations in the last decade and to identify possible problematic areas which hinder achieving the stated goals in this field. In the first part, after a short introduction where innovations and related terms are defined, innovations are put in context with the Lisbon strategy and the strategy Europe 2020 - the key European strategic documents. The second part focuses on the description of the EU financial instruments which are used to support the R&D&I in the Czech Republic. The final part deals with analysis of the current position of the European Union in the area of innovations and identifies the problematic areas.
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Metin, Huseyin. "Assessing Impacts Of The European Framework Programme On Turkish Participants: A Case Study On Fp6 Ist Priority". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612283/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to assess impacts of European Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP) on Turkish participants, focusing on Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) Information Society Technologies (IST) priority.
A two-sided approach was employed while assessing impacts. First, DELPHI method was used to quantify and prioritise expectations of the decision makers in key stakeholderssecond, a survey was designed to measure additionalities and the level of achievements of program participants. Scientific and technological impacts, economic impacts, institutional impacts and impacts on collaboration and sectoral knowledge were questioned as four main impact criteria. It is demonstrated in survey results that, significantly high levels of impacts were achieved in scientific and technological impacts and impacts on collaborations and development of sectoral knowledge. Nonetheless, economic impacts were noted to be lowest among all impact factors. Level of impacts were tested for different control factors including project instrument, organization type, project activity, project role and received grant. Project role was proved to be the most important control factor affecting the level of impact. It is presented in comparison of decision makers&rsquo
expectations and participants&rsquo
achievements that, decision makers&rsquo
expectations were mostly satisfied by participants except for economic impacts. Turkish participants in FP6 IST field had significant impacts in three out of four main impact factors. Moreover, decision makers expectations were highly satisfied except for economic impact factors. The results of this study, relying on the assessed impacts of FP6 IST field, support Turkey&rsquo
s participation in forthcoming FPs.
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Fichet, de Clairfontaine Aurélien, Manfred M. Fischer, Rafael Lata e Manfred Paier. "Barriers to cross-region research and development collaborations in Europe. Evidence from the fifth European Framework Programme". WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4454/1/Wu_ePUB_%2D__Fichet_Fischer_Lata_Paier_2015_(2).pdf.
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The focus of this paper is on cross-region R&D collaboration funded by the 5th EU Framework Programme (FP5). The objective is to measure distance, institutional, language and technological barrier effects that may
hamper collaborative activities between European regions. Particular emphasis is laid on measuring discrepancies between two types of collaborative R&D activities, those generating output in terms of scientific publications and those that do not. The study area is composed of 255 NUTS-2 regions that cover the pre-2007 member states of the European Union (excluding Malta and Cyprus) as well as Norway and Switzerland. We employ a negative binomial spatial interaction model specification to address the research question, along with an eigenvector spatial filtering technique suggested by Fischer and Griffith (2008) to account for the presence of network autocorrelation in the origin-destination cooperation data. The study provides evidence that the role of geographic distance as collaborative deterrent is significantly lower if collaborations generate scientific output. Institutional barriers do not play a significant role for collaborations with scientific output. Language and technological barriers are smaller but the estimates indicate no significant discrepancies between the two types of collaborative R&D activities that are in focus of this study. (authors' abstract)Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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Farrell, Mary. "Collaborative research & development in the European Community BRITE-EURAM programme 1987-1994 : frameworks of innovation in Spain and the UK". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1996/.
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This thesis applies the neo-functionalist theory of integration to a study of the European technology policy, taking the BRITE-EURAM programme as a case study. A three- level mode of analysis is used to examine actor behaviour: actors at the micro-level, national technology systems, and the European-level institutions. The study makes a comparative analysis of participation by two of the European member states, the United Kingdom and Spain, to examine the community building processes that operated in each. The national institutional system in which economic actors operate influences their behaviour, and the analysis of the European technology collaboration identified the political changes that took place within the context of particular national institutional systems. One variable that is key to the process of integration is the technological capability of the national system. At the supranational level, the ideology and ideas underpinning technology policy created a market-based community, excluding other interests. The effect is to compromise any attempt to upgrade the common interest through directing technology policy towards economic and social cohesion.
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Koňasová, Alena. "Podpora výzkumu, vývoje a inovací v Evropské unii". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193499.
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This diploma thesis focuses on support of development, research and innovation in the European Union. The first part contains some definitions of terms development, research and innovation. It also provides a brief description of history of support for this sphere. On the example of Czech Republic this thesis describes sources, which can be used to get financial support. The final part evaluates the drawing of Structural funds in Czech Republic and also the participation of Czech scientists on framework programmes, which are supporting development, research and innovation.
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Chvojková, Lenka. "Evropská politika výzkumu a její dopad na finanční management vysokých škol". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124996.
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The thesis focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of the EU research policy and its impacts. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate effects of this policy on the financial management of universities, or more precisely the impact of financial rules defined by the European Commission (EC) in the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) on the development of full cost methodologies at universities in the EU27. The thesis also analyzes the process of the preparation of the new FP8 HORIZON 2020 financial rules and asses if feedback and needs of participating universities are reflected and thus principles of European good governance are applied. In order to meet its goals, the thesis states three hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Universities from the EU27 that participate in FP7 develop full cost methodologies. Hypothesis 2: EC requirements in FP7 are one of the main drivers to implement full cost methodologies for universities form EU27. Hypothesis 3: Universities from the EU27 communicate development of their full cost methodologies with the EC. The thesis is organized into four chapters. The first one characterizes the concept of European good governance and one of its instruments, i.e. policy evaluation and its use in the thesis (including the analysis of performed questionnaire research). Second chapter defines the term of financial management and its use in the thesis. Third chapter describes the EU research policy, its historical development, main instruments (FPs), role of European institutions and attitude to full costing. The last forth chapter analyzes in details experience of universities form EU27 with development of full cost methodologies. Within its conclusions, the thesis proves that the EU research policy significantly influences the financial management of universities from EU27 and implementation of full cost methodologies by them. It is inter alia proved, that 70 % of universities from the EU27 that do not implement full costing in FP7 yet plan to introduce such methodologies in the future; that FP7 financial rules are drivers to implement full cost methodologies for almost 2/3 universities from the EU27 participating in FP7 and that 3/4 of universities form EU27 applying full costing in FP7 consulted on their methodologies with the EC. All three hypotheses thus were verified. Nevertheless, it was concluded that principles of European good governance are not satisfactory applied by the EC, because it does not support the use of full costing in HORIZON 2020 anymore.
Livros sobre o assunto "European framework programs"
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Office, General Accounting. Combating terrorism: Interagency framework and agency programs to address the overseas threat. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003.
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European Commission. Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection. Unit F3., ed. Influenza research: EU funded projects 2001-2007. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007.
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Technology, Great Britain Parliament House of Lords Select Committee on Science and. EU Framework Programme for European Research and Technological Development: Report. London: Stationery Office, 1997.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee on Science and Technology. EU Framework Programme for European Research and Technological Development: Evidence. London: Stationery Office, 1997.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee on Science and Technology. EU Framework Programme for European Research and Technological Development: Report. London: Stationery Office, 1997.
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Commission, European, ed. Participating in European research: Guide for applicants under the Sixth Framework Programme for European Research & Technological Development (2002-2006). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002.
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Commission, European, ed. European research: A guide to successful communications. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004.
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Council of Europe. Council for Cultural Co-operation. Education Committee., ed. Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
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S, Maier Charles, e Bischof Günter 1953-, eds. The Marshall Plan and Germany: West German development within the framework of the European Recovery Program. New York: Berg, 1991.
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European Centre for Modern Languages e Council of Europe, eds. Assessment of young learner literacy linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Pub., 2011.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "European framework programs"
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Holicza, Peter. "Regional Mobility in Europe: The Importance of CEEPUS Based on Hungarian Evidence". In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 81–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_6.
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Abstract The Central European Exchange Programme for University Studies (CEEPUS) was founded more than 25 years ago with the aim of supporting the strategic role of the region by academic and further cooperation among the Central, Eastern and Balkan States of Europe. Its framework covers mobility grants for students and teachers within academic networks designed to operate joint programmes and degrees. The importance and impact of CEEPUS are less researched and highlighted compared to the European Union flagship Erasmus Programme, but its results and potential made a comeback to international political agendas and are an actual topic on policy forums. The current scheme is secured only until 2025. Therefore, this research intends to support decision and policymaking processes for future planning by presenting the outcomes of programme participation and necessary changes for improvement and to answer whether the CEEPUS is still needed besides the Erasmus+ and other mobility programs. Hungary is among the founders and one of the most important member states considering the allocated grants, the number of professional networks and mobilities—that make the processed sample representative and valuable.
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Santos, Victor. "European Structural and Investment Funds 2021–2027: Prediction Analysis Based on Machine Learning Models". In Springer Proceedings in Political Science and International Relations, 167–75. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18161-0_11.
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ABSTRACTThis research presents several machine learning algorithms and prediction models to anticipate the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) application in different European Union (EU) countries. These analyses start with data training from 2014 to 2020 ESIF, to test and predict the application of the future ESI Funds for 2021–2027. We deliver an analysis focused on the priorities of each fund, highlighting the differences between the programs in different time periods. In the framework of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), we will specifically address the assessment of the following themes: support innovation of small and medium-sized businesses, to greener, low-carbon, and resilient projects with enhanced mobility. In what concerns the European Social Fund (ESF), we will evaluate projects that promote and increase the EU’s employment, social, education, and skills policies, including structural reforms in these areas. Regarding the cohesion funds (CF), we will be targeting the improvements between the two ESIFs, looking at projects in the field of environment and trans-European networks in the area of transport infrastructure (TEN-T). In summary, we will be looking at the future of ESIF through the glasses of artificial intelligence.
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Nokkala, Terhi, Barbara Heller-Schuh e Manfred Paier. "Ranking Lists and European Framework Programmes". In Public Vices, Private Virtues?, 111–39. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-466-9_6.
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Cerreta, Maria, e Simona Panaro. "Collaborative Decision-Making Processes for Local Innovation: The CoULL Methodology in Living Labs Approach". In Regenerative Territories, 193–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_12.
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AbstractThe concept of the Living Lab is closely connected to the priorities of the Europe 2020 strategy and of the Digital Agenda for Europe and is the subject of numerous user-centric open innovation programs and European projects supported by the European ENoLL Network. The chapter presents a new methodology, called Collaborative Urban Living Lab (CoULL), to support the Collaborative Decision-Making Processes to activate local innovation processes at the neighbourhood, city or landscape scale. Starting from the Quintuple Helix framework and the literature review on the Living Lab concept, its extension to the city and territorial context, and the related people-centred approaches have been discussed. The potentials to using them for putting open innovation into practice and developing innovative solutions for the cities have been shown. Nowadays, the built environments need to accelerate the transition to sustainable, climate-neutral, inclusive, resilient, healthy and smart prosperous. In the last few years, the Living Lab approaches have been promoted and used by local and international research and innovation agencies in collaboration with enterprises, NGOs and local governments to find solutions to the new issues. However, the Living Lab methodologies to guide the urban scale’s co-development solutions are few and need more accurate research and experimentations. In that direction, the CoULL methodology, tested in four different research projects (including the REPAiR project), has defined a suitable process for supporting the co-design, co-production and co-decision cycles of urban innovative and sustainable solutions.
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Blok, Vincent, e Lucien von Schomberg. "Introduction". In Putting Responsible Research and Innovation into Practice, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14710-4_1.
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AbstractAfter a period in which Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) stood as a cross-cutting issue under the Eigth European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (R & I), Horizon 2020, its further development and implementation has reached a crossroad. It turned out that there is a lack of consistent integration of RRI in Europe’s R & I practices (Novitzky et al. 2020), and dedicated funding for RRI is almost entirely absent in the Ninth European Union Framework Programme for R & I, Horizon Europe. At the same time, global challenges like climate change become increasingly more urgent and thus continue to call for collective efforts of scientific research and industry, policy makers and civil society. Further, the emergence of disruptive technologies like synthetic biology, artificial intelligence and robotics raises several new societal concerns. Finally, the growing disbelief in science, as shown during the Corona pandemic, demonstrates the importance of aligning R & I policy and societal values all the more. For reasons as these, the disinvestment in a dedicated Science With and For Society programme line for RRI in Horizon Europe did not result in decreased academic attention for embedding science in society. On the contrary, a dedicated research community emerged that engages in the academic discourse of RRI and tries to contribute to projects on topics such as responsible data governance, responsible AI, and responsible agroecology within the Horizon Europe framework programme, sometimes even without the use of the frame RRI.
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Reger, Guido, e Stefan Kuhlmann. "The Structure of German Participants in the Second Framework Programme". In European Technology Policy in Germany, 31–44. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-99778-5_3.
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Douglas, Miriam. "The Community Education Program: A reflection on good practice in the USA". In International and Comparative Studies in Adult and Continuing Education, 191–97. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-155-6.13.
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This good practice essay puts the Community Education Program (CEP) as a focus for com-parison between West Virginia (USA) and Germany/European Union (EU). The essay is a combination of reflections on qualification frameworks, learning outcomes, lifelong learn-ers/learning, transnational organisations, the Scottish Framework, a number of good practic-es, and accreditation from a research and practical perspective. Despite substantial research efforts, a national qualifications framework (NQF) or accrediting body for the CEP could not be identified in the US. The goal is to continue research on a national and international level. In the meantime, the good practice efforts, established through various features, continue to apply.
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Christensen, Martin Aarøe. "The RHOMOLO Spatial CGE Model". In Macroeconomic Modelling of R&D and Innovation Policies, 77–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71457-4_5.
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AbstractThis chapter provides a description of the RHOMOLO model, a Spatial CGE model, developed and used by the European Commission for the impact assessment of policies at the regional level. Special emphasis is put on the innovation mechanisms underlying the model. Moreover, it discusses the scenarios simulated and the findings from the economic impact assessment of the Horizon Europe Framework Program.
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Markantonatos, Panagiotis. "Fuel cell R&D within the European Framework Programmes". In The Economic Dynamics of Fuel Cell Technologies, 207–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24822-4_9.
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Filos, Erastos. "Adding Value to Manufacturing: Thirty Years of European Framework Program Activity". In Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications, 24–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44745-1_3.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "European framework programs"
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Jacobsen, Rune Hylsberg, Dominique Gabioud, Gillian Basso, Pierre-Jean Alet, Armin Ghasem Azar e Emad Samuel Malki Ebeid. "SEMIAH: An Aggregator Framework for European Demand Response Programs". In 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsd.2015.96.
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Cornier, D. "European space transportation system trends within the framework of international cooperation". In Space Programs and Technologies Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4132.
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Silvestru, Catalin ionut, Ramona camelia Silvestru, Dragos stefan Silvestru e Marianernut Lupescu. "INFLUENCES OF THE EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK FOR QUALIFICATIONS ON E-LEARNING PROGRAMS". In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-226.
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Standardization of competences provided by education provided both by traditional means and via e-learning systems becomes a prerequisite for Romanian education, given the need for ensuring appropriate correlations of the National Framework of Qualifications with the European Framework of Qualifications, with impact also on the competences provided in the educational systems. As such, , it becomes compulsory to review the training programs provided in order to bring these programs in line with the National Framework of Qualifications, correlated also with the Code for Occupations from Romania and with the competences established at European level, in order to enable free movement of labor force. Education becomes strongly connected with the labor market, and as result of using e-learning, brings students closer to a knowledge and information society. We shall conduct a case study on the e-learning platform from the Bucharest University of Economic Studies, focusing on elements required to be adjusted in the e-learning platform, while taking into account the requirements of correlating with the National Framework for Qualifications. We shall provide also statistical data with regard to the number of students in economic studies trained by traditional means and the ones trained using e-learning platforms. Based on studies and analyses already conducted, using the e-learning platform is the most appropriate approach in providing education for post-graduate studies and Masters programs, as well as for lifelong learning training courses. Recommendations will be made in relation to changes in methodology employed in the design of the e-learning courses, based on new competences set within the European Framework of Qualifications, as well as possible improvements in using software used for creation of learning objects.
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Brenner, W., e N. Adamovic. "From Framework Programs to Teaching: Integrating Experience from European Research Projects in Teaching Engineering". In 2020 43rd International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mipro48935.2020.9245254.
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Li, Xie, Yi Li, Yong Li, Xuechao Sun, Andrea Turrini e Lijun Zhang. "SVMRanker: a general termination analysis framework of loop programs via SVM". In ESEC/FSE '20: 28th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3368089.3417930.
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Miserciu, Iulian. "Shared Management between the European Commission and Romania on the Implementation of European Structural and Investment Funds". In G.I.D.T.P. 2019 - Globalization, Innovation and Development, Trends and Prospects 2019. LUMEN Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gidtp2022/11.
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The European Commission (EC) and Romania ensure a shared management of European funds and the principles governing the current financial framework are those of sound financial management. For each operational program, European regulations make mandatory the existence of the following authorities: the management body (MA), the certifying body (CA) and the audit institution (AA), which must operate independently of each other. Each Member State has the freedom to create its own institutional framework, if the three authorities mentioned in the European regulations are clearly defined and delineated. The present article aims to present whether the management and control system (MCS) implemented at the Romanian level is too bureaucratic if too many authorities have been created on the European Commission's cash flow. At the same time, some of the main causes will be identified, which may lead to a lack of beneficiaries' interest in accessing the funds allocated to certain programs. Some of these cases originate from the 2007-2013 programming period where Romania was sanctioned by the European Commission with many financial corrections due to systemic irregularities identified in the process of public procurement procedure, the evaluation and selection process projects. At the same time, the lack of funding due to the failure to complete some projects in time in December 2015 will be considered, as it is compulsory to ensure the necessary public and private financial resources from the own local budgets or from the state budget in order to be able to be finished.
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Sevini, F., L. Debarberis, R. Gerard e M. Brumovsky. "The European Network AMES for Reactor Component Ageing in the 6th EURATOM Framework Programme". In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2158.
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The AMES (Ageing Materials European Strategy) European network started its activity in 1993 with the aim of studying ageing mechanisms and remedial procedures for structural materials used for nuclear reactor components. Operated by JRC-IE, it has been supporting the co-ordination of the project cluster throughout the 4th and 5th EURATOM Framework Programs, carrying out projects on with plant life management implications. A short summary is given of the main outcome. Main frame of the network in the 5th Framework Programme is the ATHENA project, which is aimed at summarizing the obtained achievements and edit guidelines on important issues like the Master Curve, Effect of chemical composition on embritllement rate in RPV steels, Re-embrittlement models validation after VVER-440 annealing and open issues in embrittlement of VVER type reactors. The enforcement of the ERA (European Research Area) concept arisen with start of the 6th EURATOM Framework in 2003 will produce some changes and reorganisation. The network will be part of a broader initiative on PLIM including in a more integrated way NESC, ENIQ, NET and AMALIA networks. The paper shows an overview of the concluded projects, achievements of the running ones and open issues tackled in the 6th EURATOM FWP and a summary of the plans for a new broader network on NPP Plant Life management (SAFELIFE).
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Iucu, Romita, e Michael Schratz. "EUROPEAN DOCTORATE IN TEACHER EDUCATION". In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-001.
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The present paper describes an innovative initiative regarding the European Doctorate in Teacher Education (EDiTE), financed in the framework of LLP Erasmus Program, piloted by five European universities and highly supported by European Network on Teacher Education Policies (ENTEP). The EDiTE initiative developed collaboratively by University of Innsbruck, University of Bucharest, Eötvös Loránd University, University of Lisbon, University of Lower Silesia represents a unique construction, aiming to optimize the use of doctoral study programs in shaping researchers and teaching professionals; the approach proposed stimulates and enhances progression of scientifically qualified teacher educators to meet the needs of the wider European labour market (teacher mobility), towards a transversal teacher education strategy. It generates an advanced European-level specialist qualification, a new generation of professionals working across national boundaries. It lends added value to the European Higher Education Area with the full cooperative development of an integrated course of study by academic leaders. Additionally, the project aims to establish the basis for a transnational community of discourse and practice by multilingual transfer of intercultural knowledge and experience. The authors consider the in depth presentation of this generative model relevant to a wider audience interested in reflection on teacher education and teacher education policies in Europe. ENTEP develops its activities in the field of teacher education policies, but, according to its understanding"it is neither a decision group nor an expert group. It is an advisory group or reference group that acts as a sounding board for the European Commission and individual member states.
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Bie´th, Michel R., e Paolo Contri. "Research Studies in Support of Nuclear Power Plant Life Management". In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48963.
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The analysis of the plant operating practice in European countries shows a growing interest in plant life management programs (PLIM), integrating nuclear safety, economic and knowledge management issues in operating procedures and tools able to support optimised decision making. Such a trend is considered essential in market economies where optimised asset management is becoming imperative, keeping safety at the highest possible level. It is recognised that only an integrated approach to the management of some key safety and non-safety programs could guarantee full control on the plant assets, providing also invaluable frameworks for refined plant overall safety assessment, even in the long term, beyond the plant design life. The PLIM programs specifically address and control ageing phenomena, support optimisation of maintenance strategies, plan major plant reconstruction works, drive plant staff knowledge management and optimise economic resources. R&D is essential to support this development process of PLIM models, especially in the analysis of both the technical issues related to all types of component ageing, and in the challenging integration of safety and non-safety programs, such as in the case of maintenance optimisation, spare part management, staff ageing, and component obsolescence. The European Commission took important initiatives in contributing and supporting this R&D effort in selected PLIM areas, in the framework of the EURATOM programme, both by “direct actions” i.e. projects managed and executed by its Directorate General Joint Research Centres (JRC) and by indirect actions i.e. funding selected projects, managed by the Directorate General Research (RTD). This paper outlines the JRC’s priorities in the current 7th Framework Programme in relation to R&D tasks for PLIM methods to support the highest safety level at member NPPs and appropriate decision-making tools, also in view of long-term safe operation of the European plants. Some results made available by the on-going research programs are also shortly described, in the areas of PLIM models and operational indicators respectively.
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Duta, Nicoleta, e Elena Cano. "DIGITAL TEACHER COMPETENCES: MAIN LESSONS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES". In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-041.
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The article presents a review literature and of different frameworks for teachers 'digital competence. Many countries, concerned by the digital skills of their youth, have realized that the development of digital competence requires optimal formation by teachers. For this reason, many have carried out initiatives to ensure that teachers have an adequate level of Digital Competence in order to guarantee the development of school-aged children's digital competence. On International and national level, several frameworks, training programs have been developed to describe the facets of digital competence for teachers and to help them assess their competence, identify their training needs and offer targeted training: European frameworks (France and European Commission), American frameworks (USA and Chile), Australian framework; Asian framework (Republic of the Philippines), Spanish-American framework (Eurolat) and international frameworks (UNESCO and EPICT) etc. In Spain, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport has elaborated a Proposal for a common digital framework for teachers (2014, 2017) in line with the proposal generated by the center of investigation Joint Research Centre, from the European Commission which published in June 2016 the 2.0 version of the DigComp Project results, within the European framework on citizens' digital competence. From the conceptualization of the competences, we analyze the implications that this new approach generates on the work of the professorship and we distinguish the main lessons that an common framework of the digital competences must have to efficiently utilizing results of the literature review in universities, it concludes with suggestions for future challenges.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "European framework programs"
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Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy e Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.
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As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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Ormala, Erkki, Nicholas Vonortas, Ségolène Ayme, Lucija Čok, Dervilla Donnelly, Julia King, Christoph Mandl, Frieder Meyer-Krahmer e Elybieta Oleksy. Five-year Assessment of The European Union Research Framework Programmes 1999-2003. Europäische Kommission, dezembro de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2004.210.
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Bruno, Nelly, e Martina Kadunc. Impact Pathways: Tracking and communicating the impact of the European Framework Programme for research and innovation. Fteval - Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, maio de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2019.330.
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Sousa, Cristina, e Isabel Salavisa. International R&D networks in renewable technologies – Evidence from the Portuguese participation in European Framework Programmes. DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2015.11.
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Fairlie, Alan. New challenges for the European Union's Multiparty Trade Agreement with Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. Fundación Carolina, fevereiro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff02en.
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This document analyses the trade and cooperation relations between the European Union and the Andean countries with which the Multiparty Trade Agreement was signed (Peru, Ecuador and Colombia). It also examines the progress and challenges in terms of the sustainable development agenda, political dialogue and cooperation within the framework of the agreement. From there, it explores the different technical difficulties that have arisen in the implementation of the agreement and the role of the monitoring bodies. The aim is to study the strategic importance of the agreement in relations between the European Union and Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, and its contribution to the post-pandemic economic recovery and the promotion of new development models.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust e Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, outubro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Dinges, Michael, Susanne Meyer e Christoph Brodnik. Key Elements of Evaluation Frameworks for Transformative R&I Programmes in Europe. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, novembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2020.489.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong e Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, agosto de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Greenhill, Lucy. MASTS ‘Brexit’ event – summary report. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.25094.
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Background. As negotiations continue in relation to the UK’s departure from the European Union, considerable uncertainty remains around the final structure of any deal and the implications across all policy areas. Maritime issues are of key concern in Scotland and numerous reports and opinions are accumulating, highlighting significant areas of concern, ranging from fisheries to decommissioning, and some potential opportunities. There is a critical need for knowledge and capacity to support and influence the on-going negotiation process, at both the Scottish and UK level. Expertise regarding the broad range of marine research, operations and commerce is in demand to support discussion, promote interests and secure advances where possible. Such discussion must be based on the best available science but taking into account the socio-economic and historical context. The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland1 (MASTS) is supporting this discussion, providing scientific expertise and promoting the development of emerging policy and progress towards sustainable marine management, during the transition period and for the post-departure UK organisation. This workshop, supported by MASTS, brought government and academia together to consider the legal, governmental and research framework under which Brexit is taking place and to identify priority areas and activities where information can be shared and options considered for enhancing scientific support for the Brexit process. The objectives were to: • Understand current status of Brexit with respect to marine systems and research capacity, including the legislative framework • Identify the priority gaps in knowledge • Develop ways to enhance communication pathways for the best scientific advice required to support the Brexit process.
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Martin, Matthew, Jo Walker, Kwesi W. Obeng e Christian Hallum. The West Africa Inequality Crisis: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Development Finance International, Oxfam, outubro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8045.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and worsened the depth of inequality in West Africa. It has pushed millions into poverty. There is no end in sight due to the obscene global vaccine inequality, which means that less than 4% of West Africans had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 as at September 2021, compared with 52% in the United States and 57% in the European Union. In 2021, when COVID-19 infections are rising in West Africa, the critical support health and socioeconomic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 are being rolled back and replaced with austerity. Many governments are following advice from the IMF and World Bank, reminiscent of the severe cuts in spending imposed under the structural adjustment policies of the 1980s and 1990s. However, as this paper argues, the pandemic offers West African governments a once-in-a-generation opportunity to invest heavily in inequality-busting policies by boosting public spending (especially on healthcare, education and social protection), making tax systems more progressive, and tackling joblessness and precarious work. This report uses the Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index (CRII) framework devised by Oxfam and Development Finance International to assess the policies of West African governments. Visit the CRI Index website to learn more: www.inequalityindex.org.