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Poudel, Minesh. "Aircraft emergency evacuation : analysis, modelling and simulation". Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20026.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’évacuation d’urgence des avions et plus particulièrement à la conception d’un simulateur numérique capable de représenter de façon réaliste ce processus afin de contribuer à la certification de configurations et de procédures d’évacuation d’urgence pour les avions gros porteurs. Cette thèse est composée de deux grandes parties. Dans la première partie, il s’est agi d’identifier le problème, de réaliser un état de l’art et de caractériser le comportement des passagers pendant l’évacuation. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse il s’est agi de concevoir les élément constitutifs d’un simulateur d’évacuation d’urgence des aéronefs. Après avoir analysé les modèles existants et revu les méthodes de modélisation des systèmes dynamiques cellulaires, le schéma conceptuel d’un tel simulateur a été développé. Le simulateur d’évacuation d’urgence a été conçu via UML en langage Java. En conclusion, les perspectives concernant la poursuite de cette étude sont présentéesThis thesis is about aircraft emergency evacuation and its principal objective is to establish a computational model able to simulate realistically it. This will contribute to the certification process of new aircraft emergency evacuation layouts and egress procedures for large capacity airliners. This thesis is composed of two main parts. In the first one, the main problem issues are identified, a state of the art in emergency evacuation from aircraft is realized and human behaviours during such an event are described. In the second part of this work, the elements of the emergency evacuation model are identified. After analysing existing models and different models of dynamic cellular systems, the conceptual model of this simulator is proposed. Its framework has been designed using UML and the routines are written in Java. Finally future research directions are given
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Shen, Tzu-Sheng. "Building planning evaluations for emergency evacuation". Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0503103-114955/.
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Lu, YuanYuan. "An Analysis of Evacuation Behavior During Hurricane Ike". FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2179.
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Hurricanes have been considered one of the most costly disasters in United State, which lead to both economic loss and human fatalities. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of those who evacuated and of those who did not evacuate have been principal focus of some previous researches related to hurricane evacuation behavior. This research presents two sets of decision-making models for analyzing hurricane evacuation behavior, using two statistical methods: standard logistic model and mixed logistic model.The receipt of evacuation order, elevation, expenditure, the presence of children and elderly people, ownership of a house, and receipt of hurricane warning are found to be extremely important in evacuation decision making. When the mixed logistic model is applied, the rate of concern about hurricane threat is assumed to be random according to normal distribution. Mixed logistic models which account for the heterogeneity of household responses are found to perform better than standard logistic model.
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Lu, Fei, e Yuan Cao. "Three-Dimensional Modeling for Buildings Evacuation Management". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12622.
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The terrorist attacks on New York City on September 11, 2001 heightened awareness about the need to plan for emergency evacuation measures. As a result, three-Dimensional (3D) city and building models have become an important part of GIS analysis. The technology can be used to plan evacuations in complex indoor environments. This thesis had two main objectives. The first goal was to conduct a 3D network analysis of a building for emergency management, which was based on a 3D model of a building in the city of Gävle, Sweden. This 3D model identifies the shortest path from any room to the defined exit. The second objective was to test the predicted evacuation times with a simulation experiment. The 3D model was built by Google Sketch Pro 8 and the 3D network analysis was mainly conducted in the ESRI’s ArcGIS software. The simulation experiment involved 18 volunteers at the organization Future Position X. The 3D network analysis was based on distance measurements instead of GNSS coordinates. The simulation experiment was conducted in four different situations. Crowding was found to be a critical problem during evacuation. Evacuation speeds varied from normal walking to running. However, crowding always increased the evacuation time and thus would affect the survival rate. Evacuation routes should be distributed differently to reduce this problem. The thesis also identifies other factors to be considered when planning emergency routes and challenges posed by the software at this time.
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Liu, Sirui. "Analysis and Evaluation of Household Pick-up and Gathering Behavior in No-Notice Evacuations". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27927.
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No-notice incidents occur with no advance notice of time and place. Family members may be separated when a no-notice incident strikes during the daytime. They may seek to gather the household members first and evacuate as a unit, and parents may head in the â wrongâ direction to pick up their children from schools/daycare centers. Many previous studies have acknowledged that such behavior exists but few, if any, have examined it in-depth. Additionally, this behavior has rarely been integrated with transportation simulation models of evacuation conditions. As shown through this work, such omissions generate overly optimistic network performance. Acknowledging the behavior also leads to potential network improvements by moving dependents (people being picked up by other household members) to more accessible locations.
This study investigated no-notice evacuation household gathering behavior based on 315 interviews conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area, in which interviewees were asked about their evacuation and logistic decisions. The study analyzed household pick-up and gathering behavior from the interviews, developed models to represent the behavior, and integrated the household behavior models with network simulation modeling to examine the effects of household behaviors on network evacuation performance. Logistic regression models were built to predict the probability that parents retrieve children from school in normal and emergency situations. Gender, car availability, and travel distance (between parents and children) were the main influencing factors to determining child-chauffeuring travel behavior, where gender difference appeared to be most prominent. Women are more responsible for picking up children from school than men, and both women and men are more likely to pick up children under emergency conditions compared to a normal situation.
A complex model to integrating human behavior analysis and network assignment modeling was presented in this study. The model follows the traditional four step urban transportation planning process and 1) estimates household gathering chains in an evacuation using a discrete choice (Logit) model and sequences chains following the principle of â nearest firstâ , 2) assigns directions of destinations ensuring the least travel time to safe zones from the last stop within the hot zones, 3) applies decision tree based mode choice models to determine the mode used for evacuation, and 4) uses a dynamic assignment method to assign time-varying demand to the network. The whole framework was tested in the Chicago metropolitan region for two hypothetical incidents, one causing a 5-mile evacuation radius and the other a 25-mile radius evacuation. The results showed that considering household gathering behavior will reduce proportions of evacuees who reach safe zones by a certain time period, while not necessarily deteriorating overall network traffic performance.
To facilitate the chain-based evacuations, a relocation model is proposed by moving carless dependents of facilities (such as schools and daycare centers) to more accessible locations for pickup; a linear integer program is presented to determine optimal sites. The optimization model uses estimated travel time obtained from a micro-simulation model and a procedure is presented to iterate between the two models (optimization and simulation). The methodology was applied to a sample network based on Chicago Heights, Illinois. The sample application involved four facilities with 780 dependents and three safe time thresholds, i.e., 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The sample application tested two scenarios - no mode shift and mode shift from car to bus - and introduced average speed and the number of successful evacuations of dependents to evaluate the performance of a relocation strategy. The safe evacuation time threshold was quite important for the relocation strategy; when it is adequate, relocating dependents benefits both those picking up dependents and the other vehicles in the network.
This dissertation contributes to the fields of evacuation modeling and transportation engineering, in general. This study investigates child pick-up, spouse gathering, and home gathering behavior during hypothetical incidents, and identifies characteristics associated with household decision makers that influence this behavior. The study also presents a model to integrate the behavior with road network simulation modeling; the combined model could be used to investigate the effects of gathering behavior on network traffic performance and identify potential spatial and temporal bottlenecks. Finally, this work explored a strategy to facilitate household pick up chains by relocating facility dependents to more accessible site. The study can support any city evacuation plan development.Ph. D.
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Spratt, Scott M. "An economic analysis of the aeromedical evacuation, patient movement items program". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA375883.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1999."December 1999". Thesis advisor(s): William R. Gates, Kevin R. Gue. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-118). Also available online.
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Aljamal, Mohammad Abdulraheem. "Comparison of Microscopic and Mesoscopic Traffic Modeling Tools for Evacuation Analysis". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79592.
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Evacuation processes can be evaluated using different simulation models. However, recently, microscopic simulation models have become a more popular tool for this purpose. The objectives of this study are to model multiple evacuation scenarios and to compare the INTEGRATION microscopic traffic simulation model against the MATSim mesoscopic model. Given that the demand was the same for both models, the comparison was achieved based on three indicators: estimated evacuation time, average trip duration, and average trip distance. The results show that the estimated evacuation times in both models are close to each other since the Origin-Destination input file has a long tail distribution and so the majority of the evacuation time is associated when travelers evacuate and not the actual evacuation times. However, the evaluation also shows a considerable difference between the two models in the average trip duration. The average trip duration using INTEGRATION increases with increasing traffic demand levels and decreasing roadway capacity. On the other hand, the average trip duration using MATSim decreases with increasing traffic demand and decreasing the roadway capacity. Finally, the average trip distance values were significantly different in both models. The conclusion showed that the INTEGRATION model is more realistic than the MATSim model for evacuation purposes. The study concludes that despite the large execution times of a microscopic traffic simulation, the use of microsimulation is a worthwhile investment.Master of Science
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Tsai, Wei-Li. "Validation of EvacuatioNZ Model for High-Rise Building Analysis". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1201.
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This thesis covers a variety of analytical approaches that validate the use of the EvacuatioNZ model on high-rise building analysis. Through performing a number of sensitivity analyses, several model deficiencies as well as functional limitations were improved upon and part of the model developments are continued based on the previous research done by two Master's students at the University of Canterbury. In this thesis, data from three evacuations were considered for different validating aspects. These evacuations were, a hypothetical 21-storey hotel building located in the United States of America, which was previously simulated using Simulex and EXIT89; a trial evacuation that was carried out in a 13-storey office building located in Canada; and a fire drill conducted at a 21-storey office building located in Australia. Overall, the results indicated that the EvacuatioNZ is able to produce reasonable predictions of the total evacuation time regardless of the number of floors involved. The component testing also showed satisfactory outcomes regarding the involvement of disabled occupants, complexity of node configurations, and different pre-movement time distributions. However, the current model still has a number of limitations that need to be verified and tested. These include the preferred route function and the connection problem for long stairs. Further research should also be carried out on the use of the Evacuation model on other types of building structures so as to increase the confidence level of utilizing the EvacuatioNZ model for general applications.
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Thiele, Tyler A. "A spatio-temporal analysis of pedestrian tsunami evacuation in Long Beach, California". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111175.
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This thesis presents a general tsunami hazard assessment for the City of Long Beach, California. Although relatively rare, tsunamis from a variety of potential sources threaten Long Beach. An anisotropic, least cost path Geographic Information Systems methodology was utilized to model approximate population exposure numbers within a number of evacuation scenarios. The variables used in the model were evacuation speed and warning time. Potential vertical evacuation sites were deduced and included within the model to compare population exposure numbers with and without the use of a vertical evacuation strategy.
The results in accordance with the literature reviewed suggest that the implementation of a vertical evacuation strategy, in addition to increased community education and preparedness, could dramatically mitigate risk and reduce the population of Long Beach's vulnerability to tsunamis, and that different areas may benefit from varying risk mitigation strategies. The implementation of vertical evacuation sites in the model decreased the population exposed by an average of 79 percent (with a mode of 99 percent).
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Tagliaferri, Anthony Paul. "Use and Comparison of Traffic Simulation Models in the Analysis of Emergency Evacuation Conditions". NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03232005-185245/.
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The evacuation of vulnerable coastal areas in the event of an emergency such as an impending hurricane has become a significant safety issue due to the rapid growth of both permanent and tourist populations in these areas. Highway capacity has often not been upgraded in line with this demand growth. In the case of Hurricane Floyd in 1999, evacuations of areas of North and South Carolina resulted in several highly congested primary highways and, as a result, several states created Lane Reversal Plans for interstates and/or divided highways along evacuation routes. However, these plans were created with little data to rely on as to their efficiency. A major research study was funded by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) to use simulation modeling to investigate the effects of the Interstate 40 Lane Reversal Plan on the evacuation of Wilmington and New Hanover County, North Carolina. In addition to the analysis of the effects of lane reversal, a side-by-side comparison of the CORSIM and VISSIM simulation models was performed on the highway network based on demand estimates provided by a demand study performed for the United States Army Corps of Engineers and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Analysis using CORSIM and VISSIM showed lane reversal to provide considerable capacity increases to traffic attempting to exit New Hanover County via Interstate 40, which had significantly increased throughput and decreased queues within New Hanover County in the event of large-scale evacuations.
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Kailiponi, Paul. "Decision theory to support evacuation in advance of catastrophic disaster including modular influence diagrams and spatial data analysis". Thesis, Aston University, 2012. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/24381/.
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Catastrophic disaster represents a vital issue in emergency management for many countries in the European Union (EU) and around the world. Given the damage to human lives that different hazards represent, evacuation operations can be the only option available to emergency managers to mitigate the loss of life from catastrophic disaster. However, due to the amount of time needed to effectively evacuate a large area, the decision to evacuate must occur when there is a relatively low probability of the event. An explicit understanding of the evacuation decision can lead to better organisational preparedness in advance of catastrophic disaster events. This research represents work performed with 159 emergency experts and professionals across ten countries. The goal of this research was to create decision-making aids for evacuations in advance of a variety of catastrophic disaster scenarios. Traditional Decision Theory (DT) provides a rational approach to decision-making that emphasizes the optimization of subjective preferences combined with uncertainty. Within evacuation decision-making, DT and its respective outputs are appealing; however the analytical process can be difficult due to the lack of observed data to support quantitative assessments from catastrophic events and relative infrequency of evacuation operations. This research explored the traditional use of DT applied to catastrophic evacuation scenarios. Theoretical contributions to DT and emergency management include: 1) identification of evacuation decision criteria, 2) inter-model analysis between decision structures called Influence Diagrams (IDs), 3) complete application of quantitative decision analysis to support evacuation decision-making and 4) multi-criteria analysis for evacuation vulnerability using spatial data. Important contributions from this work include:1) An analysis of evacuation criteria for a variety of catastrophic disaster scenarios2) Inter-model analysis of evacuation scenarios (flooding, nuclear dispersion and terrorist attack) to identify common probabilistic structures to support multi-hazard strategy planning3) Quantitative decision models to support evacuation strategies, identify key uncertainties and policy analysis 4) Process to use spatial data to support multi-criteria evacuation vulnerability analysis 5) Organisational self-assessment for evacuation decision-making and spatial data use based on findings across all participating countries.
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Hafvenstein, Gunnar. "Vilka sjukvårdsförmågor bör ingå i den framtida insatsorganisationen? : En analys av sjukvårdsförmågor utifrån Moshe Kress teorier". Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4764.
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Försvarsmaktens sjukvårdsorganisation var under det kalla kriget och invasionsförsvarets dagar anpassad och dimensionerad för att kunna omhänderta tusentals skadade per dygn. Sedan 1990-talet har Försvarsmaktens inriktning fokuserat på internationella insatser. I kombination med förändringar inom det medicinska området, hotbilder, skadepanorama och folkopinionen har detta lett till nya förmågor inom den militära sjukvården. Sedan en tid har Försvarsmaktens inriktning ändrats till ett mer nationellt fokus. Vad har då hänt med sjukvårdsförmågorna? Denna uppsats använder sig av Moshe Kress teorier presenterade i boken ”Operational Logistics - The Art and Science of Sustaining Military Operations” för att göra en analys av de förmågor Försvarsmaktens insatsorganisation har idag. Kress teorier används även för att analysera vilka förmågor som krävs för att uppnå en lägsta acceptabel sjukvårdsnivå på Medical Treatment and Evacuation och vilka förmågor som bör ingå i Försvarsmaktens framtida insatsorganisation. I uppsatsen konstateras att den framtida insatsorganisationen bör innehålla förmågor för Damage Control, både sett ur ett operationellt perspektiv och ur ett medicinskt perspektiv.
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Ghosh, Gregory. "Lifesafety Analysis in the Building Firesafety Method". Digital WPI, 2004. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1106.
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"The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate and enhance the technical basis of the procedure for evaluating lifesafety within the Building Firesafety Engineering Method (BFSEM). A framework for the analysis has been documented, but not extensively tested in a building situation. Hence, procedures to obtain the necessary input data and to evaluate that data needed to be developed. In addition, the general framework had to be tested rigorously enough to identify weaknesses. "
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Flener, Matthew Wesley. "Left behind a textual analysis of media frames from national tv journalists covering Hurricane Katrina's evacuation centers /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5708.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 2, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Richardson, Dawn D. "Analysis and evaluation of current challenges in the aeromedical evacuation mission segment of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA376459.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.Thesis advisor(s): Lewis, Ira A. ; Edwards, Lee. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-47). Also available online.
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Delgado, M., M. Delgado, A. Rosales e V. Arana. "Evaluation of the Evacuation of Essential Buildings: Interaction of Structural and Human Behaviour through Nonlinear Time-History Analysis and Agent-Based Modelling". Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651838.
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In this article, a performance assessment of the evacuation system is established for educational buildings. Structural and geotechnical information of the building is collected and introduced into a database. A similar procedure was realized for the information related to the occupants. Using this information, a) the structural fragility and localized collapse were determined and b) the interaction of the person with the partial collapse was established. For the first aspect, nonlinear time history was used, and for the second, the agent-based modeling was applied to recreate the reaction of people that face the micro collapse. Therefore, the important results of this evaluation are: 1) To localize collapsed beans and columns that make inoperable evacuation routes, 2) to localize bottleneck areas that people concentration during evacuation, and 3) quantification of affected people, in terms of persons caught up in the building that cannot evacuate.
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Kasahara, Hidekazu. "Activity Support Based on Human Location Data Analysis with Environmental Factors". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215678.
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Mayaguezz, Henky. "Exposition humaine, analyse et renforcement des capacités d’évacuation face aux tsunamis à Padang (Indonésie)". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS020/document.
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Cette thèse résume une démarche intégrée visant à évaluer l’exposition humaine et ses variations spatio-temporelles en cas de tsunami dans une zone urbaine littorale en Indonésie, ainsi que la capacité d’évacuation vers des refuges. Ce travail de recherche systématise des méthodes permettant d’estimer la quantité de population présente heure par heure durant n’importe quel jour de la semaine et de l’année, à une échelle très fine, dans une zone urbaine. Il se fonde pour cela sur une hypothèse de rythme de vie contrôlant les activités et donc la distribution de la population. L’heure d’arrivée d’un tsunami étant imprévisible, ces informations sont très importantes pour améliorer les programmes de réduction du risque. Cette démarche permet ainsi de dégager des scénarios types de distribution de la population, utilisés pour ensuite évaluer la capacité d’évacuation de ces populations. Le modèle de simulation dynamique issu de cette recherche permet de mesurer l’accessibilité des zones selon certains scénarios, et de proposer des améliorations pour une meilleure préparation de la protection des civilsThis dissertation summarizes an integrated approach whose aim is to assess the human exposure and its spatial and temporal variations in the event of a tsunami in a costal urban zone of Indonesia, as well as the capacity to join evacuation shelters for populations under threat. This research systematizes methods to estimate the amount of people present hour by hour during any day of the week and the year, at a very fine scale, in an urban area. It uses a hypothesis about a common rhythm of life which controls the activities and therefore the distribution of the Padang inhabitants. Considering that time of a tsunami occurrence is impossible to estimate, this information is very important to improve risk reduction programs. This approach allows in particular identifying various types of scenarios for the distribution of the population that can then be used to evaluate the evacuation capacity of these populations. A dynamic simulation model resulting from this research allows for the measurement of the accessibility of shelters following these scenarios. The analysis of the results suggests improvements for a better preparation on the part of authorities to protect civilians
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Blake, Simon. "The development and use of aircraft evacuation modelling as a viable tool for the certification and safety analysis of passenger aircraft". Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2003. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6115/.
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Evacuation modelling technology offers designers and regulators of aircraft new opportunities to rigorously test designs and theories. However, before evacuation models can be used effectively they need to be understood by the regulatory and aviation industry, validated and developed further. This thesis tackles each of these aspects. This thesis provides a detailed review of evacuation modelling with special emphasis on aviation evacuation models and the available data upon which models and understanding can be based. Of these the airEXODUS model is selected for this thesis and it is described in detail and critically evaluated. The evaluation revealed three main issues that needed to be addressed in order for aircraft evacuation modelling to advance. These issues relate to, (1) the limited quantity of model verification, (2) the inability of models to represent crew procedures, and (3) the limited behavioural capabilities of these models with regard to simulating real accidents as opposed to certification scenarios. The fundamental accuracy and predictive capability of airEXODUS is evaluated. This is followed by a comprehensive investigation of cabin crew and passenger behaviour in 90-second certification trials and real emergency evacuations. The conclusions from this investigation serve as the basis for the development of new algorithms to addresses issues (2) and (3). Behavioural algorithms are developed to simulate cabin crew bypass in conjunction with algorithms for passengers exit choice and methods for simulated passengers to optimise their chosen route to an exit. Finally, this thesis concludes by demonstrating the value of evacuation modelling in the design of future aircraft, the regulation of current aircraft and in understanding some of the contributing factors involved in past evacuation related disasters.
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Roa-Henriquez, Alfredo R. "Decision Making in Natural Disasters: An Analysis of Firms’ Strategic Behavior on Economic Resilience and Influence of Hurricane Intensity Forecasts on Evacuation Decisions". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1565947147689077.
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Jia, Xiaojuan. "Fuzzy logic based decision support system for mass evacuation of cities prone to coastal or river flood". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858055.
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The increasing risk of river flooding or coastal submersion is already visible through recent events like the storm Xynthia and the floods in the Var department, which caused several dozens of deaths in France. These catastrophic events, even if their extent remains relatively limited, would have justified a preventive evacuation of high risk prone areas. However, the consequences for the population would be much more serious when large cities of hundreds of thousands of people will be partially or totally threatened by floods. This possibility is already an actual danger for large megacities like Bangkok and Alexandria, and also threatens French cities like Tours, Paris or Nice. Being more and more aware of this possibility, big coastal, estuarine and river cities in France, in Europe and in all continents are incited to prepare emergency and mass evacuation plans in order to prevent and cope with exceptional events. The elaboration of these plans is extremely complex and difficult due to technical, organizational, sociological and even political aspects. The great majority of cities in the world prone to large scale disasters do not already have this kind of plan at their disposal. Moreover, the existing state of the art shows that there are few operational tools to help territorial managers implement these plans in the phases of preparation and crisis management. Our work aims to contribute to the development of a support method for the evacuation decision taken in a crisis management context. This method is partly based on the information included in the provisional evacuation plans produced in the preparation phase. To reach this objective, we propose to adapt the tools of the fuzzy logic approach and apply them to a set of synthesized indicators. These indicators or decision criteria have been first selected from a method of evacuation planning previously developed by the research team Avenues-GSU. These criteria integrate classic data on the hazard level (overall forecast level and local flood water levels), the vulnerability of the territory and population and, which is more innovative, some information about the ability of the organization to evacuate and the security or the risk of the evacuation itself. The final result of this method, applied to the spatial dimension with the Matlab and ArcGIS software, is a map of the necessity to evacuate. This map shows the areas with the highest priority to be evacuated according to a fuzzy multicriteria analysis. It has been tested 5 at the pilot site of the city of Bordeaux located upstream in the Gironde estuary, and the theoretical results were compared with historical floods of 1981 and 1999. A hypothetic flood scenario was also studied taking into account the potential climate change impact and the consequences of a 1 meter sea level rise during the 21st century. This method and prototype tool should help policymakers to better understand a complex situation in pre-alert phase and assess the real need for urban zones evacuation on the basis of a limited but representative set of criteria. The maps of the necessity to evacuate represents an innovative proposal which extend and complement the existing official maps of flood forecasting (vigicrue) and its implications in terms of local impacts and crisis management anticipation.
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Ohst, Jan Peter [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Ruzika e Stephan [Gutachter] Westphal. "On the construction of optimal paths from flows and the analysis of evacuation scenarios / Jan Peter Ohst. Betreuer: Stefan Ruzika. Gutachter: Stefan Ruzika ; Stephan Westphal". Koblenz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1110895461/34.
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Christianson, Amy Nadine. "Assessing and improving the effectiveness of staff training and warning system response at Whakapapa and Turoa ski areas, Mt. Ruapehu". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1271.
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Ruapehu is an active volcano located on the North Island of New Zealand, with the most recent major eruptions occurring in 1945, 1969, 1975, and 1995/96. Ruapehu is also home to the three major North Island ski areas, Whakapapa, Turoa, and Tukino. Because of the high frequency of eruptions, there is a significant volcanic hazard at the ski areas particularly from lahars which can form even after minor eruptions. Most recently, lahars have affected Whakapapa ski area in 1969, 1975, and 1995/96. The most significant risk at Turoa is from ballistic bombs due to the proximity of the top two T-Bars to the crater. Ash fall has also caused disruption at the ski areas, covering the snow and causing damage to structures. There is yet to be a death at the ski areas from a volcanic event; however the risk at the ski areas is too high to be completely ignored. The ski areas at Whakapapa and Turoa are currently operated by Ruapehu Alpine Lifts (RAL), who have been significantly improving their commitment to providing volcanic hazard training for their staff and preparing for handling a volcanic eruption. RAL is joined by the Institute of Geological Sciences (GNS) and the Department of Conservation (DoC) in trying to mitigate this risk through a range of initiatives, including an automated Eruption Detection System (EDS), linked to sirens and loudspeakers on Whakapapa ski areas, as well as by providing staff training and public education. The aim of this study was to provide RAL with recommendations to improve their staff training and warning system response. Staff induction week at both Turoa and Whakapapa ski areas was observed. Surveys were distributed and collected from staff at both ski areas, and interviews were conducted with staff at Whakapapa ski area. Data obtained from staff interviews and surveys provided the author with insight into staff's mental models regarding a volcanic event response. A simulation of the warning system was observed, as well as a blind test, to collect data on the effectiveness of training on staff response. Results indicated permanent and seasonal staff were knowledgeable of the volcanic hazards that may affect the ski areas, but had differing perspectives on the risk associated with those hazards. They were found to be confident in the initial response to a volcanic event (i.e. move to higher ground), but were unsure of what would happen after this initial response. RAL was also found to have greatly improved their volcanic hazard training in the past year, however further recommendations were suggested to increase training effectiveness. A training needs analysis was done for different departments at the ski areas by taking a new approach of anticipating demands staff may encounter during a volcanic event and complementing these demands with existing staff competencies. Additional recommendations were made to assist RAL in developing an effective plan to use when responding to volcanic events, as well as other changes that could be made to improve the likelihood of customer safety at the ski areas during an eruption.
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Stevens, Pieter. "Exitability measurements through indoor 3D GIS". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27994.
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Population growth, city expansion and the limitation of space is shifting construction into a vertical direction. Residential or public constructions as well as office buildings are growing vertically, especially in big cities. Along with the verticality, evacuation problems popped up. The higher buildings are rising the longer it takes to get people safely to the nearest exit. The primary concern for emergency response and rescue is the time needed to evacuate. Evacuation processes are highly contingent to building structure as built and not necessarily as designed. Throughout construction minor modifications are made and in evacuation planning it is eminent that the most accurate and up to date information is used.In this dissertation the focus is laid on the evacuation capability of the Munin building of the Hogkolan I Gävle. This research uses network analysis and network routing in an indoor three dimensional (3D) geographic information system. Exitability is defined as the ease to get to the nearest exit. This is a crucial factor in evacuation modelling and planning. In order to calculate the exitability a three dimensional model of the building is created along with a network dataset. The building model is analyzed based on three different scenarios, for different paces on the five different floor levels resulting into a matrix of evacuation paths. The easiest way out from each room in the building to the nearest exit is calculated and listed. By representing the exitability, the evacuation plan of the building can be revised and if needed adjusted. The created model can be used as a tool in decision making considering the time needed to get to the nearest exit.The importance of the implementation of network routing in GIS to improve evacuation plans can be found in development phase as well as whilst emergencies. During emergencies the shortest path for search and rescue can be found considering blocked paths. Throughout development the placement of exits and the amount of exits can be tested using the system. By simulating emergencies, bottlenecks and hazardous situations can be reconciled and doing so improve the evacuation plans. The influence of different scenarios on the exitability can be reduced to influence the scenarios have on the covered distance to the nearest exit. The different scenarios show a translation of linearity. The different scenarios give an insight in the congestion of the exits, which can be used for emergency planning. Future-minded it is preferable this theoretical model is compared to real-time results.
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THIEU, THI KIM THOA. "Models for coupled active--passive population dynamics: mathematical analysis and simulation". Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/15016.
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In this dissertation, we study models for coupled active--passive pedestrian dynamics from mathematical analysis and simulation perspectives. The general aim is to contribute to a better understanding of complex pedestrian flows.
This work comes in three main parts, in which we adopt distinct perspectives and conceptually different tools from lattice gas models, partial differential equations, and stochastic differential equations, respectively.
In part one, we introduce two lattice models for active--passive pedestrian dynamics. In a first model, using descriptions based on the simple exclusion process, we study the dynamics of pedestrian escape from an obscure room in a lattice domain with two species of particles (pedestrians). The main observable is the evacuation time as a function of the parameters caracterizing the motion of the active pedestrians. Our Monte Carlo simulation results show that the presence of the active pedestrians can favor the evacuation of the passive ones. We interpret this phenomenon as a discrete space counterpart of the so-called drafting effect. In a second model, we consider again a microscopic approach based on a modification of the simple exclusion process formulated for active--passive populations of interacting pedestrians. The model describes a scenario where pedestrians are walking in a built environment and enter a room from two opposite sides. For such counterflow situation, we have found out that the motion of active particles improves the outgoing current of the passive particles.
In part two, we study a fluid-like driven system modeling active--passive pedestrian dynamics in a heterogenous domain. We prove the well-posedness of a nonlinear coupled parabolic system that models the evolution of the complex pedestrian flow by using special energy estimates, a Schauder's fixed point argument and the properties of the nonlinearity's structure.
In the third part, we describe via a coupled nonlinear system of Skorohod-like stochastic differential equations the dynamics of active--passive pedestrians dynamics through a heterogenous domain in the presence of fire and smoke. We prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to our model when reflecting boundary conditions are imposed on the boundaries. To achieve this we used compactness methods and the Skorohod's representation of solutions to SDEs posed in bounded domains. Furthermore, we study an homogenization setting for a toy model (a semi-linear elliptic equation) where later on our pedestrian models can be studied.
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Uhlík, Ondřej. "Posouzení ochrany významných měkkých cílů vůči teroristickým útokům prostřednictvím simulace evakuace osob". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392140.
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Diploma thesis deals with the issue of terrrorism in relation to soft targets and subsequent assessment of the selected soft target in terms of possible terrorist attack. The objective is primary school Sirotkova in Brno. The assessment criteria was evacuation of the school as a whole and its individual parts. A risk analysis was performed for the object to determine real threats in which there were clasified the probability and extent of impacts of potential attacks. The most likely scenarios of the attack were identified, based on this analysis. These scenarios were subsequently implemented into an advanced numerical 3D model, where the evacuation was simulated within these scenarios. In the framework of the school assessment, the work focused on comparing three different approaches to the evacuation process. The evacuation process was compared according to parameters of experimental data obtained from the practise of evacuation of primary school with evacuation processes set acording to the parameters of fire standards CSN and international SFPE fire safety standards. The results of the individual simulations were processed with a statistically determined probability percentile. The outcome of the assessment was to determine the probable evacuation time of the school and its individual parts. Based on these results, there was performed a proposal to optimize the evacuation process of the school, which made the process more efective and shortened the evacuation time to minimalize the impact of a potential terrorist attack.
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Santos, Bevin A. "A Narrative Analysis of Korematsu v. United States". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2238/.
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This thesis studies the Supreme Court decision, Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944) and its historical context, using a narrative perspective and reviewing aspects of narrative viewpoints with reference to legal studies in order to introduce the present study as a method of assessing narratives in legal settings. The study reviews the Supreme Court decision to reveal its arguments and focuses on the context of the case through the presentation of the public story, the institutional story, and the ethnic Japanese story, which are analyzed using Walter Fisher's narrative perspective. The study concludes that the narrative paradigm is useful for assessing stories in the law because it enables the critic to examine both the emotional and logical reasoning that determine the outcomes of the cases.
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Fujiki, Kenji Pierre-Jacques Teruo. "Etude prospective des impacts sociaux d'une inondation majeure en region Ile-de-France. Disparités socio spatiales dans la prise en charge des populations franciliennes en situation de crise et post-crise : une analyse cartographiée et quantifiée des besoins des ménages, de l'évacuation à la reconstruction". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3066/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat, en géographie-aménagement du territoire, porte sur l’étude des impacts sociaux d’une inondation majeure en région francilienne. Les impacts sociaux sont compris, dans ces travaux, comme les effets de l’inondation sur la population, ses conditions et moyens d’existence. Elle comprend trois objectifs de recherche complémentaires : (1) l’évaluation par modélisation sous SIG des besoins sociaux en cas d’évacuation massive ; (2) l’étude qualitative de la prise en charge des populations en gestion de crise par les autorités ; (3) la cartographie des impacts sociaux post-catastrophe, et la modélisation des besoins de reconstruction.La méthodologie élaborée comprend une approche mixte, fondée sur le croisement d’analyses statistiques et géomatiques d’une part, et d’analyses qualitatives d’autre part. Les premières s’appuient sur le traitement de données de recensement, permettant d’identifier sur un plan sociodémographique les populations et de caractériser leurs besoins dans les différentes phases d’une inondation, à court terme dans l’évacuation et l’hébergement d’urgence, à long terme dans le relogement et la reconstruction. A ce titre, les travaux se fondent sur la littérature internationale, qui est interrogée de près sur les retours d’expérience de catastrophes passées afin d’identifier les facteurs prédictifs du comportement des populations dans un contexte de crise puis de reconstruction. Ces analyses donnent notamment lieu au développement d’indices synthétiques cartographiés, permettant de représenter la capacité des populations à évacuer et à trouver un hébergement d’urgence, d’une part, et d’autre part leur capacité à se reconstruire. Ces indices sont ensuite croisés aux données d’exposition face à l’aléa, pour des scénarios d’inondation d’ampleur catastrophique. Les secondes consistent dans des études descriptives et interprétatives de données qualitatives de sources diverses : documentation écrite, observations, entretiens semi-directifs. Ces sources permettent de caractériser les dispositifs de prise en charge des populations en cas d’inondation massive, par les autorités responsables, de l’échelle communale à l’échelle régionale. L’analyse qualitative permet donc d’identifier des moyens, les analyses statistiques des besoins sociaux : la confrontation des deux permet de caractériser les impacts sociaux de l’inondation.Les résultats sont présentés dans le cadre d’une approche résolument géographique, à travers un corpus de cartes disponible jusqu’à l’échelle communale. A court terme, face aux enjeux de l’évacuation massive, jusqu’à 700 000 personnes pourraient être évacuées pour un scénario d’inondation similaire à celui de la crue de référence de janvier 1910, 1,1 million pour une crue d’ampleur supérieure. 120 000 personnes devraient être prises en charge dans des centres d’hébergement d’urgence dans la première hypothèse, 200 000 dans la seconde. A plus long terme, nombre de structures et infrastructures nécessaires au maintien et au retour des populations sur un territoire donné pourraient être endommagées, avec des disparités spatiales particulièrement marquées : une douzaine de municipalités de plus de dix mille habitants pourraient dépasser le seuil d’endommagement de 30% de leurs structures et infrastructures, alors même qu’elles présentent pour certaines une faible ou médiocre capacité de reconstruction. Les résultats mettent aussi en avant le caractère temporel de la vulnérabilité, qui n’apparaît plus comme un tout uniforme : les populations vulnérables dans la phase d’évacuation ne sont pas nécessairement les mêmes que celles qui le sont pendant la phase d’hébergement, a fortiori de reconstruction. De la même façon, les disparités géographiques observées, entre départements, entre communes, varient de façon marquée selon les enjeux, des besoins de prise en charge face à l’évacuation massive jusqu’à la reconstructionThis doctoral thesis in geography and space planning addresses the social impacts of a major flood in Ile-de-France region (France). Social impacts relate to the effects of a flood on populations and their living situations. The thesis meets three different but complementary objectives: (1) the assessment on a GIS of social needs in the hypothesis of a massive evacuation; (2) a qualitative study of the ability of authorities to take care of populations in a crisis management situation; (3) the mapping of long-term social impacts and the assessment of recovery and reconstruction needs.Our methodology relies on a hybrid approach, mixing statistical and GIS analyses on one part, and qualitative analyses on the other part. On the one hand, census data are processed so as to identify populations on a social and demographic level. It is essential in order to caracterize their needs during the different phases of a flood, from evacuation and sheltering to the process of recovery and reconstruction. As such, this study is based upon a state-of-the-art on past disasters, which identifies predictors of the behavior of populations during and after a disaster. Our GIS and statistical analyses lead to the mapping of synthetic indexes, aiming at representing the population ability to evacuate and to find a shelter by their own means, on the short term, and to recover on the long term. Theses indexes are then crossed to hazard data, applied to major flood scenarios. On the other hand, qualitative data from diverse sources (interviews, observations, written material) are decribed and interpreted in order to identify the means et strategies planned by the local and regional authorities to take care of their populations during a major flood. By comparing means, through qualitative analyses, and numerical and mapped social needs, through GIS and statistical analyses, one is able to caracterize the social impacts of a flood in Ile-de-France region.Results are presented in the context of a geographic approach, through a series of maps available from regional scale to local scale. On the short term during the flood, up to 700,000 people could be evacuated and 120,000 sheltered, for a flood similar to the 100-year flood of 1910. 1,100,000 people would be evacuated, 200,000 sheltered, for a flood superior to the 1910 flood. On the long term, many structures and infrastructures crucial for the livability of the city could be damaged, with striking geographic inequalities. A dozen of municipalities with over 10,000 inhabitants would exceed the damage threshold of 30% of their structures and infrastructures, while some of them feature a weak recovery and reconstruction capability. Results also highlights the temporal aspect of vulnerability. Vulnerable populations during the evacuation step may not be the same during the sheltering step, or the recovery and reconstruction phases. In the same way, geographic inequalities, between departments, between municipalities, greatly vary according to the stakes, from massive evacuation to reconstruction
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Ndiaye, Ismaïla Abderhamane. "Résolution de problèmes multicritères (durée/sécurité) pour la conception de plans d'évacuation de personnes". Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4001/document.
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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent à proposer des méthodes de routage d’une population de masse à travers un réseau perturbé dont les données varient dans le temps pour l’aide à la conception de plan d’évacuation. Ce problème s’illustre parfaitement en cas de catastrophe d’origine humaine ou naturelle où les populations (potentiellement) impactées par ces sinistres doivent quitter leur lieux de vie pour une période pouvant aller d’un à plusieurs jours. Dans la littérature, ces routages de masse sont souvent modélisés comme des problèmes de flots dynamiques dont l’objectif est de minimiser la durée globale du transfert des individus depuis un certain nombre de points de départs dangereux vers des points d’arrivé sûrs. Toutefois, peu de travaux prennent en compte la notion de sécurité durant ce routage et encore moins le déploiement d’agents (policiers, sapeur-pompiers, ambulanciers,...) pouvant sécuriser et/ou faciliter le déplacement des personnesThe work presented in this thesis aims to propose methods for routing a mass population through a disturbed network whose data vary over time. This problem can be illustrated by disasters due to humans or natural events where people (potentially) affected have to leave their living places for a period of one to several days. In the literature, mass routing are often modeled as dynamic flow problems whose objective is to minimize the overall duration of the evacuation process from a set of gathering points towards another set of shelter locations. However few papers take into account the concept of safety during this routing nor deploying task forces that can secure or facilitate this process. In this context, the safety security can be seen as a danger affecting the quality of life of people we organize the trip. In this context, the safety can be seen as a danger that influence the health of the people we are trying to evacuate. Indeed, this hazardous event can be related to a radioactive cloud, a fire, a tsunami, an earthquake or a flooding which make some of paths becoming dangerous or less usable by evacuees
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HU, DA-YING, e 胡大瀛. "Network evacuation analysis and system development". Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74704791579702818505.
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YANG, kai-chun, e 楊凱君. "Carlton Hair Dresser fire evacuation analysis". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03085057126334406195.
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碩士元智大學
機械工程學系
104
In the advance technologies and fast population growth, the threat of fire in public places to people’s lives and property is a major worry.. The main thrust of this research to understand “Carlton Hair Dresser” fire accident which was causes 21 people dead and 7 people injured in Taipei. We were analyzed the fire modeling and personnel evacuation by using the simulation software of Fire Dynamics Simulator with Evacuation (FDS+Evac). Comparison of simulation results with the fire physical phenomena, to facilitate the extension of the relevant assumptions. Because the only exit point is on fire, it is extremely difficult to escape in this case. According to the simulation data from Base Case, the reasons of the heavy casualties were escape routes blocked, flammable materials used in space and firefighters insufficient training. This study investigated the evacuation situation under different conditions (set the indoor ventilation system, automatic watering system and change material, etc.), it could be provided the reference design of fire protection and refuge to escape.
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Chen, Tsung Chi, e 陳宗棋. "Analysis of Fire Evacuation in The Hypermarket". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73cr6v.
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碩士健行科技大學
土木工程系空間資訊與防災科技碩士班
105
The study aimed to evaluate the safety of evacuation routes in a hypermarket in Taoyuan City. Through the analysis of fire cases, the organization of relevant regulations on evacuation sign, the review of fire hazard factor and evacuation behavior and on-site and numerical simulation analysis for verification, there were several defects in evacuation routes, which could seriously affect the safety of personnel. Result showed that relevant regulations for store’s evacuation sign and equipment required further revision. Site survey found that trolleys could cause congestion at checkout counters and escalators. Numerical simulation analysis showed that shelf height, height of cargo and space between shelves could affect flow and distribution of smoke and heat to further spread the fire. It was recommended to revise regulations for these hypermarkets and other commercial stores to use embedded evacuation indicators on the floor and intelligent fire alarm with flashing light and voice guidance to increase the success rate of evacuation. Metal rack should be used for shelf and a specific distance should be maintained to avoid excessive stacking of cargo, where these storages should not be set near the vicinity of wall or entrance to affect the evacuation. The study result could be provided as reference for internal evacuation routes and shelf setting in the future development of hypermarket.
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Lin, Jeng-Po, e 林礽柏. "The Analysis for Evacuation of Wholesale Store Facilities". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80853218879913831714.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
89
Abstract To assure the security of life for users inside the Wholesale store, the most important investigation is the issue of disaster aversion. Through the survey and analysis, we could establish the database of different kind of Wholesale store users, and people of different acting ability. Depend on space element and reference of evacuation theory, choose the appropriate time of evacuation assess mode. Act as reference of theory to compute and example assesses to confer, for study plans of Evacuation to consult a basis. Survey Result and Result analysis 1.Questionnaires Result （1）To deem, it is possible which wheelbarrow will hinder Evacuation action. 57%It is will.26%It is to be certain. To deem, it is will that rate is too high. （2）To deem, the Wholesale store to catch fire of the place is selectivity. 76%To deep the place is selectivity to catch fire. For the Wholesale store deep to catch fire of the place is. 37%A commodity for electricity area. 39%Cook food area. （3）45%Deem the Wholesale store shopping passage is crowded. 12%Deem is very crowded. 33%Deem is uncrowned 10%Deep that didn’t have felling. Crowded rate is too high. （4）In side the Wholesale store evacuation make show facilities to the position and the figure of to see clear degree.64% Unclear. 6% Very unclear. 16%cClear. 14%No watch. Unclear degree rate is too high. 2.Example Survey Result （1）In side the Wholesale store population density of held up equal is 0.43man/㎡ wheelbarrow density of held up equal is 0.11piece /㎡.Max is 0.56man/㎡for population density;0.14 piece /㎡for wheelbarrow density. Min is0.21 man/㎡for population density;0.05piece/㎡for wheelbarrow density. （2）To walk equal velocity is 0.78m/s Max velocity is 1.43m/s. （3）In side the Wholesale store equal health man: weak man rate is 1:0.15. （4）In side the Wholesale store equal health man: wheelbarrow: weak man rate is 1:0.34:0.17. （5）Equal a holiday/weekday is 1.8 3.Result Analysis （1）According to the evacuation compute assess will find, in side the Wholesale store the Evacuation door wide of advise is more high than 2.8m, It is Security of evacuation. （2）In side the Wholesale store time of evacuation key is population density and the neck of bottle for fluid, walk velocity effect is small （3）According to Fruin theory in the age D flow rate 51man/sec.m to consult a basis, population density of held up equal is 0.43man/㎡ wheelbarrow density of held up equal is 0.11piece /㎡It is Security of evacuation.
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Shih, Yi-Hsuan, e 石宜軒. "Stochastic Analysis of Inundation Simulations and Evacuation Planning". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47764190161235144903.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
103
Flood inundation is one of the most usual hazards in Taiwan. To mitigate the impact of flood, inundation mapping plays a significant role. In general, a deterministic approach using optimal parameter sets is applied to analyze the inundation. However, without taking the impact of uncertainties into consideration, it may cause over or underestimate of the model. The stochastic process will improve the weakness of deterministic model. Also, it provides a better basis for decision makers, for example, evacuation planning. Although stochastic approach considers the influence of uncertainties, it is often a time consuming process. In the study, four sampling strategies (Monte Carlo Simulation, Latin Hypercube Sampling, Maximin Distance, Minimum Correlation), three uncertainty factors are applied to a one dimensional hydraulic model. The uncertainty factors include five water flows as upper boundary condition, five water stages as lower boundary condition, and seventeen manning roughness coefficients. The mean water stage of 425 combination of parameter sets are taken as a reference in comparison of each sampling strategy. Result represents that Latin Hypercube sampling performs almost ten times better than Monte Carlo simulation. And though other sampling strategies can enhance sampling discrepancy, the improvement of the result is not significant. The sample size chosen may depend on the tradeoff between acceptance accuracy of model and computational time. The suggested sample sizes are 35% and 50% of total simulation area. The study also proposes a multiobjective stochastic programming analysis for uncertain inundation evacuation. A two stage stochastic programming model under inundation uncertainty is built. Expansion of shelter capacity is decided in the first stage before flood. The second stage determines the evacuation plan providing the optimal route to shelters for all evacuees. A case study of MuZha, Taipei is conducted. Based on the result of hydraulic model, three different regions of warning zone for overflow are taken to be the uncertainty resource. The model with multiobjective shows the tradeoff between shelter expansion and transportation time. The result shows that as the unit cost of shelter expansion exceed to a certain level, the total evacuation time and amount of shelter expansion will remain the same. It represents the minimum shelter expansion and maximum evacuation time. From the hydraulic model to optimal programming, the study focuses on how uncertainty affects the models, provides a decision making system for flood inundation.
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"Analysis of a pre-hurricane hospital evacuation network". Tulane University, 2008.
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Huang, Shi-Chou, e 黃錫洲. "A Study of Hospital Emergency Evacuation Schemes─An Analysis of The Emergency Evacuation Routes for the Surgical Division". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wjqmmq.
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碩士逢甲大學
建築與都市計畫所
91
Taiwan is a place where is populous and belongs to a seismic belt above. There are many earthquakes. These years, the several earthquakes had been brought dread and casualties to us. It’s very important of the function that to relieve the victims of a disaster and to prepare against natural calamities. The function of the surgical division is especially important. But the surgical division expects for the ability of earthquake-resistant and earthquake-proof, if it can’t establish a detailed project for the emergency evacuation scheme that will bring about the staff who they work in the surgical division become nervous when the earthquake happen. Therefore, it is a very complex and urgent topic that to reduce the disaster, to process the precaution and to train the staff to deal with emergency. And now the design of the surgical division, most of that pointed to the demand of medical treatment, the request of the enactment and the documents of overseas to dispose. In that, for “control infecting” that is most important and must with effect, only to adopt the conception of “Zoning”. And the passageways also develop many patterns. For example: single passageway, twin passageway, separating passageway and the nucleus of cleaning ……and so on. Although for “control infecting” that is efficacious and well done, but therefore as a result that the passageway is becoming long, the amount of passageway increased, and the passageway is becoming complex. That will make the staff and the patients hardly to flee off the surgical division. And becoming the most complex space of fleeing. This research focus on the level is higher than regional hospital of Taichung county, and the level is higher than regional hospital of Nontow county is the second. Utilizing the document analyzing method for conferring the strategy of the emergency evacuation scheme of hospital’s surgical division. According to the pattern of the passageways to divide. Analyzing the plan of function, the way of fleeing, the plan of shelter. The writer to get the information through the method of interview that in order to realize the counterplot of fleeing and relieving to disasters of the surgical division, and about the suggestion of the staff. The writer using a lot of methods that it would to make the theory more conscientious. We hope it could provide to the hospitals as accordance. The process in this research, the affiliation by interview to the surgical division staff discusses asks the volume with the cognition the investigation, on the one hand to collecting correlation the present situation material and the literature performs to compare the analysis, on the other hand from asks in the volume investigates the present surgical division staff regarding guards against, the disaster relief system cognition and the surgical division escapes seeks asylum moves the on-line question, urges the surgical division staff or making correlation strain specific energy value this one gravity and the solution way plan, urges to be able as fast as possible the establishment to be appropriate also the comprehensive surgical division urgent emergency measure, by because of should disaster crisis processing, and the hope affiliation from this the research conclusion and the suggestion, Provides the hospital surgical division which will construct for the at present or the future does the reference, will cause the surgical division to have the whole escapes seeks asylum the generatrix with guards against, the disaster relief system, and the increase staff urgent strain and the sickness urgently will evacuate the ability, the surgical division occurs after the disaster still has ability and the strain countermeasure the continuation medical service and so on, will let the surgical division the staff or the sickness is arrived the deep one safeguard.
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Lee, Wei-lin, e 李威霖. "Apply manage decision analysis on debris flow evacuation decision". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00403499844136134309.
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碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
96
There are many typhoons across Taiwan in last each years. The typhoon always brings heavy rainfall ,and make terrible debris disaster in mountain foot. people which live in mountain foot be killed or hurt by debris flow easily. Government do debris flow evacuation for people. The goal is taking people to leave hazard before debris flow rush to people’s home. Debris flow evacuation according CWB’s rainfall forecasting to do or not. The evacuation’s first trouble is how much rainfall probability need to evacuate. And then ,sometime typhoon’s tracker is different from last data, it easy to make a wrong decision which evacuate people when typhoon not across Taiwan. In this situation ,evacuation’s cost become a part of society’s loss. This evacuation’s second trouble. And then, the last evacuation’s question is unit of society’s loss . society’s loss combine with health’s loss , wealth’s loss and evacuation’s cost . the units are different each others , so that evacuation decision hardly to do . my research apply management decision analysis to debris flow evacuation decision making . using decision tree to make debris flow evacuation’s decision model ,and using utility theory to calculate society’s loss. And then , comparing different decision’s expected utility to get best debris flow evacuation’s decision . last , discussing what will change best debris flow evacuation’s decision by sensitivity analysis.
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CHIA-CHEN, KE, e 柯佳禎. "Risk Analysis and Evacuation Planning of the Recycling Plant". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94466416660817968569.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士長榮大學
職業安全與衛生學系碩士班
102
In recent years, the cause for disasters in recycling plants has mostly been electric appliances or chemicals. If regular inspections of the appliances in the factories could be made, it would decrease the chance of disasters. If a fire were to occur, the smoke could easily affect the evacuation of the personnel, therefore smoke exhaust equipment and escape routes are extremely important. At present, domestic industries and fire departments mostly use ALOHA simulation software to conduct initial emergency range assessment; however, the software is unable to account for blockages caused by obstacles, making the accuracy of safety zones questionable. Exploration results showed that most hazards are unobservable to the human eye, such as damage to the surface of cables and poor stickiness of insulation tape after many years of use, which result in interruption of production and temperatures of the cables exceeding the permitted values in the distribution box. The potential hazards can be understood by use of IR thermal imaging. This research discussed if evacuation could be executed successfully under worst case scenarios in this plant. The number of evacuating personnel was increased from 20 to 50 people, and simulations showed that all of the personnel could reach the exit without being affected by the smoke and heat, and with no injuries and deaths. This research discovered that the radiant heat affected area estimated by ALOHA software was too rough; it clearly overestimated the consequences, which could cause misjudgments during rescue. FDS proved to be more accurate in predicting the radiant heat affected area. When there was ambient influence, such as wind or obstacles, FDS was much more accurate than ALOHA in analog assessment. Also, FDS can be used to see the effects on the existence of sprinkler systems; under the same oil tank with various contents burning inside, the different radiant heat levels and its effects could be clearly observed. Summing the above, assessment of obstacles and water curtains on radiant heat are incidents that ALOHA is incapable of handling.
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Fang, Pi-Hsia, e 方碧霞. "Lun-Ching Restaurant Accident Fire Evacuation and moving lines Analysis". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50626593467581477159.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士元智大學
機械工程學系
104
Sharply in recent years with changes in the material and cultural needs of the people continues to improve, and in all types of buildings for the rapid development of public places ( such as restaurants , tea shops, cafes , etc. ) , public places are crowded place the event of fire , will cause heavy casualties , in order to effectively reduce disasters and ensuring the safety of personnel for internal use , it becomes evacuation studies . In this study, the 1993 Taipei ' s Lun-Ching Restaurant Accident Fire " caused 33 deaths , 21 people were injured as a case study to fire dynamic simulation software FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) and the Finnish VTT Technology Centre (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ) developed asylum module (FDS + Evac), were simulated fire escape and evacuation simulation analysis to explore the distribution of the fire, the fire high temperature generated by the concentration of carbon monoxide , and other important parameters of the gas layer height , then the use of these data discussed the situation and allow time to escape the fire , and to gather relevant information, news stories and web data and other information to avoid the occurrence of similar disasters .
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黃弟勝. "A study on the evacuation analysis for the underground rapid transit station". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3j5we2.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士中央警察大學
消防科學研究所
87
Abstract The main function of rapid transit system is to provide the quick transpor-tation for the huge amount of commuters between two sites in the metropolis. The tunnel area and underground station are the main parts of rapid transit system from its structure and function. The underground station fires mostly originate from trains and the tunnels between the stations are usually short. Therefore, the rescue method of trains fire in tunnel is to let the train drive to the next station quickly, also evacuate the passengers and put out the fire as soon as possible. The main design of train station evacuation safety is to evacuate the maximum predicted passengers on the platform in the rush time successfully in a limited time during a fire scenario setting. The fire safety is designed by smoke control besides the uninflammable material in the station to make sure the passengers to reach a safe area in the safety evacuation time. Crowd people to evacuate when there is a fire in the underground rapid transit station must obstruct the stairway. The crowd and smoke go with the same upward direction. Therefore, we can’t be sure the crowd is safe alt-hough they have left the platform. The smoke could attack the crowd espe-cially those people are still jammed or moving up in the stairway. The main issue of underground station evacuate safety is to make a per-pendicular evacuation pathway become a safe pathway or a protected route. And also turn the lobby into a safe area by designing the structure, for instance, exit width, stair and platform structure and special smoke control system. Therefore, it does not fit into the ordinary underground building evacuation specification code. The research using the fire engineer analysis to find out what is the crowd safety evacuation time and how the smoke control system can protect people in a real underground station fire scenario. It also combin-es three aspects of underground rapid transit station evacuated life safety codes, crowd emergency movement characteristics and relationships by empirical methods and smoke control system in advanced nations. It then proposed the suggestions to reach the flexible engineer design and fit the request of under-ground rapid transit station evacuation safety by analysis the real cases. Fi-nally, making the suggestions of evaluating underground rapid transit station evacuation safety by combining the experts’ opinions.
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Hsu, Hua-Hong, e 徐華鴻. "GIS Emergency Evacuation Analysis for Campus Fire Simulation in Ching-Yun University". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54929861482394482904.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士清雲科技大學
空間資訊與防災研究所
99
Presently, Geographical Information System (GIS) is widely applied in Traffic Network, Road Network Analysis and in Road Selection and research and development in hazard escape planning are also quite popular. Traditionally, the complexity of campus space and its utilization are also higher than other area, where large scope monitoring is rather difficult. When fire break out, hazard escape directing system is subject to test. In ordinary building, escape route planning is unable to place the degree of spatial hazard into consideration. The GIS system development presently can integrate the attributes of space and escape network information together, and it may be provided directly for directing crew as basis for decision and orderly and smoothly guide the victims to safe shelter point for rescue. In this research, we take the spatial hazard degree is adopted to be a weight in designing escape route to simulate the efficiency of escape route. The scope of the research is limited to the Ching Yun Building of Ching Yun University of Science and Technology and escape routes are taken as the main axis to study the hazardous factor in route for sheltering and escape, and hierarchical analysis is applied to analyze the effects of weight to various factors. And, they are consolidated into GIS route network analysis system to calculate safer fire escape routes. Results of the research indicated that escaping speed of same route is affected by the spatial hazard degree, and hence increase time cost and finally the choice of escaping route will be affected. After network decision analysis, the trend indicated, while the length of escaping route may be higher, the hazard is relatively lower. Results of this research may be taken as reference in the multiple choices and decision mode of escape routes in multiple purpose or residence / commercial mixed buildings.
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Cheng, Jen-Ting, e 鄭任廷. "The Test and Analysis of Fire Evacuation in Special Building by Simulation software". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28257p.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木工程系土木與防災碩士班
105
How to achieve greater Safer, Save, flexible, and effectiveness should be taken into account right from the start of modern building construction design. Therefore, prior to building space design or the occurrences of disasters, “the use of software to simulate evacuation, evaluate possible evaluation situations and personnel escape time and propose effective prevention and mitigation measures that will reduce personal and economic losses” remains a pressing issue. The general regulatory rules and regulations are not applicable to the special building at the research venue in this paper, and “performance-based regulatory verification” must be carried out in conjunction with multiple person evacuation software simulation identification and reference in order to more stringently ensure evacuation safety at the venue. In this paper, the APGO evacuation software researched and developed by Teacher Chang Che-Hao and Huang Song-Yun, the prototype of the previous version of personnel evacuation software, coupled with the new version of optimized APGO and the widely used evaluation simulation software SIMULEX, as well as the use of complex venues with actual mixed uses serve as references. In addition, with the existing domestic building performance verification regulations as the basis, comparisons and discussions were made. In view of this, this study targeted the mall complex located at Nangang Station C1 Building as the participant to discuss personnel evacuation time, evacuation routes, etc., and define the basic conditions of evacuation safety based on domestic performance verification regulations. In addition, single-person and multiple-person in a single space were two types of basic simulation used to discuss the personnel movement in the APGO and SIMULEX simulated spaces. It was found that both software applications showed no major difference in terms of actual movement route and result. Moreover, this study, with the evacuation safety time in the performance verification regulations as the basis, explored differences in the evacuation simulation of three complex venues at Nangang Station C1 Building and constructed an evacuation simulation assessment model. Based on the different types of evacuation personnel simulation, the result analysis shows that, in both APGO and SIMULEX simulations, the final evacuation time in three situational venues was less than the evacuation time computation in the performance verification. This study further analyzed and compared detailed differences of both software applications in the complex venues, which resulted in changes in evacuation process and time situations. When hindrances at the four floor exits in the complex venue preventing direct passage to the staircase arise, “restricted access progressively imposed at each exit is set as the hypothetical situation. The results show that since SIMULEX directs personnel evacuation within the shortest distance, during the simulation process, personnel who chose this route had lengthened evacuation time, or the evacuation process and the escape route in the performance verification plan varied. On the contrary, the new version of APGO used the new function block setup to plan the escape route zoning, making the simulation process better resemble the actual planning and possible escape routes for escape personnel. Finally, this study recommends APGO personnel crowding up simulation to include different situations of volume simulation and propose complex venue use restrictions and operational function improvement in order to facilitate future applications and follow-up discussions.
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Fry, John, e J. M. Binner. "Elementary modelling and behavioural analysis for emergency evacuations using social media". 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17569.
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YesSocial media usage in evacuations and emergency management represents a rapidly expanding field of study. Our paper thus provides quantitative insight into a serious practical problem. Within this context a behavioural approach is key. We discuss when facilitators should consider model-based interventions amid further implications for disaster communication and emergency management. We model the behaviour of individual people by deriving optimal contrarian strategies. We formulate a Bayesian algorithm which enables the optimal evacuation to be conducted sequentially under worsening conditions.
Supported by EPSRC (IDEAS Factory - Game theory and adaptive networks for smart evacuations, EP/I005765/1)
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SU, HUEI-JYUN, e 蘇蕙君. "An Analysis of the Strategies to Improve the Evacuation of the Elderly Welfare Institutions". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3g3kxj.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系
105
In the rapid aging of the population trend, how to safely evacuate elderly people, is an important issue must be carefully considered. In the event of a fire, the evacuation of the elderly is slow to move, and even difficult to move, so the escape time must be short. If the evacuation route planning bad, resulting in evacuation occurred during the push, collision, fall, or escape line conflict. There will be block the corridor and block firefighters to rescue. Resulting in more serious casualties. In order to effectively shorten the evacuation time and improve the security of the evacuation of the weak, this study uses the computer simulation software Pathfinder 2015 to simulate the different evacuation routes, according to the simulation results that should be set up the refuge area where can help the elderly to avoid the high temperature flame and toxic smoke attack, and to protect the elderly can be safe to stay in the refuge area, waiting for firefighters to rescue.
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Cheng, J. C., e 鄭震崇. "A Study on the People Evacuation Safety Analysis for the Underground Rapid Transit Station". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2t986v.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士中央警察大學
消防科學研究所
89
The completion of Taipei Rapid Transportation System made the nearby area highly developed. There are thousands of people used the Rapid Transportation System for working. In the huge transportation load, the evacuation of passengers becomes a critical issue. To predict the smoke spread and to direct passengers to utilize the safest & shortest paths become important subjects in station egress design and fire safety planning. There are three methods for the evacuation calculation in prescriptive codes, which are models in Architecture Research Center Method in Japan, NFPA130 and TRTS(Taipei of Rapid Transportation System). This research used the three approached to evaluate the egress safety of Hsintien line Kungkuan station of Taipei MRT system, and to analyze the evacuation safety correlation parameter. In addition, this thesis also discussed the rationality and necessity of the system surge factor (1.5) when adopted in Taiwan, and examined the original design value of transportation load. The different locations of fire origins and the effects of smoke control system will change the egress routes and then affect the evacuation time. As a result, this study tried to increase the available egress time by considering the smoke control strategies. The EXODUS software was utilized to simulate the evacuation in Kungkuan underground station and then to propose some policies for safety improvements. Finally the conclusions and suggestions of evacuation safety for underground rapid transit station were presented.
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Ke, Chao-Hui, e 柯昭暉. "The Analysis of Evacuation Management and Flow Survey for the High Rise Building Fire". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h4c79b.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士中央警察大學
消防科學研究所
100
It is convenient to live in high rise buildings in the modern society. However, the usages of high rise buildings are different from other ones. In emergency situations, such as fire, shortening the time to evacuate residents is important to secure high rise building safety. Construction technologies improve rapidly. Item-based codes are not sufficient to balance economic need and safety. Performance-based codes have become a worldwide trend. Evacuation design is an important component of fire safety design. Evacuation design calculates evacuation time by utilizing computer software. Evacuation software, however, created from different organizations has different default parameters, and the users do not have standards to adjust the default parameters they want to use, so the results generated from software might be questionable. Thus, it is necessary to carefully estimate and chose on the computer generated evacuation time. In this study, data were collected on the evacuation drills which were held on high rise buildings. The researcher then compared the data to the results (evacuation time) generated from the famous evacuation software, SIMULEX, the NFPA Protection Handbook, and Taiwanese performance-based calculations to establish a more accurate fire evacuation data. Besides, fire protection management on high rise buildings would also influence evacuation time. This research reviewed literatures on fire management and emergencies around the world and group interviewed experts and practitioners to better understand how to prevent fires in high rise buildings and when to initiate search and rescue activities during high rise building fires. This research would help the incident commanders deploying emergency operations quickly and accurately, and thus control fires in their early stages to reduce fire losses and protect human lives.
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Lin, I.-pin, e 林依蘋. "A study of the risk analysis of fire prevention and evacuation for Wufenpu Market". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22007355233503399889.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
97
The purpose of this study is to analyze the simulation of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the evacuation safety verification for Wufenpu Market. The scope of this study includes the front, middle, and rear regions of the Market. Firstly, the scenario is set up that fire grow as fast as time square simulators, and the time in the fire is assumed as the evacuation time. The calculation results indicate that the evacuation time is 3.82min for the front and middle regions, and 6.74min for the rear region; the HRR is 2480.5kw for the front and middle regions and 7882.2kw for the rear region; and the descent time of the smoke is 46.99min for the front region, 32.6min for the middle region, and 3.22min for the rear region. As the results of simulation and analysis indicate, the personnel evacuation time for the front region is 3.82min, while the evacuation safety limit time for the region is 46.99 min; the personnel evacuation time for the middle region is 3.82min, while the evacuation safety limit timefor the region is 32.6 min; the personnel evacuation time for the rear region is 6.74min, while the evacuation safety limit time for the region is 3.22 min. The safety evacuation performance-based of the front and middle regions is within the safety standard, but the safety evacuation performance-based of the rear region is a failure. The research results are summarized as follows: 1.The temperature near the hypothetical fire is highest. 2.When the fires take place at the stores located with high shelters, the temperatures in the evacuation pathway don’t reach the dangerous points. On the contrary, dangerous temperatures occurred to the fires, which take place at the stores with low shelters. 3.The height of the shelter and the smoke ventilations positive impact on the fire temperature and visibility.
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Chang, Heng-Chia, e 張恆嘉. "Optimal analysis of evacuation time with FDS-A case study of large electronics factory". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36939519750487007807.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士東南科技大學
防災科技研究所
100
Abstract Technology industry is an index for modern society, but the maturity of fire evacuation remains a challenge for people who want to develop rational information for fire control. If try to execute an experiments in real fire, it not only result in big waste of money and resources, it also violating the principle of energy saving and carbon emission reduction. Besides, the variables of ever changing fire accident cannot be relied on single experiment as well. In this study, FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software is applied for simulation of an electronic factory. Various situations are set to examine the best evacuation time. After relative analysis and comparison, the installations of smoke exhaust windows are found critical essential for evacuation time reduction. Keywords: Fire experiments, Evacuation, FDS, Electronic factory, Smoke exhaust windows.
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ZHAO, WEI-QUAN, e 趙唯筌. "A Study on an Evacuation Analysis of the Taoyuan MRT (A1) at Taipei Station". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z3psyu.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士中華科技大學
土木防災工程研究所在職專班
106
Mass transportation plays an important role in today's society; whose jeopardy is hard to estimate once if with accidents during crowed scenario. Taoyuan metro (A1) is very crucial since who is the principle tool employed for Taoyuan International Airport, and connects to Taipei metropolitan area; therefore, the effective escape for refuge, while fire emerged on the platform of the metro station body, should be highly concerned, and discussed by this article as the main purpose. Verifying the safe escape from fire as well as monitoring and analyzing distinct scenarios as below, this thesis employs FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software to simulate the environmental situation, and the safety checking manual: 1. Fire on the A1 platform of Taipei Station, disasters and the status spreading among platforms before the arrival of firemen. 2. The application of platform for effective escape during fire 3. Change of vicinity and scenario of escape while with ignition point on platform Case 1 simulation shows the high ceiling of the platform is about 32m; considering of chimney effect, the smoke accumulated in B1 layer starts sinking after about 300 seconds, and the temperature of some measuring points rises slightly by convection and the radiant heat of the fire point. Moreover, all the on-site hazard factors haven’t reached to jeopardize human bodies caused by thermal convection through chimney effect. Case 2 simulation shows that the survey point not at the high ceiling space is not only far away from fire point but also with blocked zone by inserted track; which obstructs the radiant heat and the fire spreading. The chimney effect enhances the heat convection to incite the rising of hot air (lighter density) rapidly; since the fluid must meet the physical condition of continuous process, the cold air (heavier density) sinks to replenish and with temporary dropping of temperature. In addition, the smoke distribution shows that the smoke layer and the fire cannot be extended to the zone out of high ceiling space. Regardless of case 1 and case 2, the hazard factors cannot meet the hazard standard; which identify the high ceiling space is a safer area for public and firemen comparing to other zones. The high ceiling zone is safer before the smoke, by fire,down to the hazard height (1.8m); therefore, in order to master and control the disaster, the high ceiling zone, before disaster emerged, can be the working zone for personnel and equipment. However, a substantial training education and maneuver should be proceeded before the relevant deployment; otherwise, when the smoke layer drops down to the hazard height (1.8m), the unexpected high risk by visual impairment can be activated. Keywords: Taoyuan Metro Station, Platform, FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), Refugee and Escape
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Lu, Yi-Hsuan, e 呂宜軒. "Analysis and Improvement for the Current Verification for the Performance-based Evacuation Safety Design". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2t99zf.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
97
With the rapid development of building structure, there are many special buildings to be built up by using the evacuation safety performance-based design. Approval system has been officially practiced with the performance design of building fire safety according to “Technical Manual of Safety and Performance Verification for Building Fire Protection” in Taiwan since 2004. Through the questionnaire investigation, the analysis has been made in this study by the performance design code which has been operated for few years. As we can observe from the design program, authentication computing and approval system, there are some problems still exist. Therefore, we hope to bring up a reasonable and suitable proposal by Japanese experience and the professional suggestions, not only to elevate the effect of performance design but also offer a direction for local performance code. After analyzing the questionnaires, we have known that the main problems of the executing performance codes are the selection of parameter standard, usage purposes, breaking items, examining processes, change-orders, combination of construction and fire review, and fire judicial review. Some problems, as shown in the questionnaires, should be considered seriously, such as parameter setting, review schedule, and review combination, etc., which have still been discussed and researched in Japan. The aim of this study is to summarize the experiences and suggestions from the professional committee members in order to propose what can be modified and improved.