Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Farmacognosy"
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Rio, Ricardo Gomide Woisky Do. "Métodos de controle químico de amostras de própolis". Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-03112011-144830/.
Texto completo da fonteA number of parameters and respective methods of analysis for chemical control of samples and tinctures of propolis is presented. It is suggested the determination of the contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, phenolic acids, waxes, ashes, volatile substances and dry residue for chemical control of samples of crude propolis. For propolis tinctures, in addition to the first four parameters it is proposed the determination of the density and the content of ethyl alcohol. The validity of the proposed methods for quantification of total phenolics, flavonoids and phenolic acids was evaluated by means of analysis of a mixture containing known quantities of several flavonoids and phenolic acids. The percentages of the differences between the actual contents and the measured quantities in the standard mixture remained always below 10,0%. The utility of the proposed methods is shown by the determination of the proposed parameters in samples of crude propolis collected in distinct localities of Brasil, and also in samples of ethanolic and hydroalcoholic tinctures of propolis. Because all assays were conducted as triplicates it was possible to demonstrate that all methods present good reproducibility. The samples of crude propolis assayed showed contents of total phenolics 30% below the average of the values reported for samples of propolis from Europe. The contents of flavonoids are also relatively small when compred with the contents generally reported for samples of propolis from temperate regions.
Toledo, Larissa Funabashi de Dias. "Atividade antiúlcera e toxicidade de Baccharis trimera (Less) DC (ASTERACEAE)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-06082008-162813/.
Texto completo da fonteThis search aims the pharmacognostic, pharmacologic and toxicity study of Baccharis trimera (Less) DC (Asteraceae), a medicinal Brazilian plant well-known by carqueja. Natural from tropical regions, it is a small plant widely used as home-made medicine as anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemiant and for the treatment of digestive problems. The 70% hydroethanolic extract, obtained from the pulverized drug through percolation, was concentrated and lyophilized. The extract was fractioned by using solvents from different polarities (chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and ethanol 50%). The chromatographic fingerprint was determined for the extracts and the fractions. The phytochemical investigation indicated the presence of flavanoids, saponins and essential oils. The content of flavanoids in the drug reached 0,05%, in the lyophilized extract: 0,21%, in the lyophilized resin (portion which during the extracts concentration was settled at the bottom of the recipient, showing a viscous and clammy aspects), reached 1,52%, in the chloroform fraction reached 1,17%, ethyl acetate: 0,40%, ethanolic fraction: 0,17% and ethanolic 50%: 0,10%. The evaluation of the antiulcer activity of the extract and the resin was accomplished through the acute induction by acidified ethanol. The lyophilized extract, at a dose of 400mg/kg, reduced the lesion area at 90%; 200mg/kg, at 87%; 100mg/kg, at 66%; and the control (lansoprazol) at 66%. The resin administered at the 400mg/kg dose reduced the lesion area at 82%; 200mg/kg, at 82%, 100mg/kg, at 53% and the control (lansoprazol), at 70%. The antioxidant activity of the lyophilized extract, of the resin, of the powdered drug, of the chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and 50% ethanol fractions was tested following the method which reduces the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical, permitting after the reaction balance, to calculate the amount of antioxidant spent to reduce 50% of the DPPH. The result was meaningful, when compared with the vitamin E result. The acute toxicity was evaluated after administration of the extract to mice at a 5g/kg single oral dose. No apparent alteration was confirmed after 14 days.
Pontes, Ana Georgina Oliveira. "Estudo farmacognÃstico das raÃzes de ipeca-da-praia (Pombalia calceolaria (L.) Paula-Souza): aspectos botÃnicos, quÃmicos e farmacolÃgicos". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16732.
Texto completo da fontePombalia calceolaria L., Violaceae, popularmente conhecida por ipeca-da-praia, ipecabranca, ipecacunha dos raizeiros à uma herbÃcea perene, predominante no sertÃo nordestino. Embora nÃo existam dados na literatura comprovando sua atividade farmacolÃgica, por dÃcadas, suas raÃzes sÃo preparadas na forma de decocto, lambedor e maceraÃÃo, cujas principais indicaÃÃes populares sÃo para tosse, expectoraÃÃo, como vermÃfugo, antidiarrÃico e para dentiÃÃo. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a caracterizaÃÃo farmacognÃstica das raÃzes de P. calceolaria nos aspectos botÃnicos, quÃmicos e farmacolÃgicos. A importÃncia da caracterizaÃÃo morfoanatÃmica està no fato de que nÃo hà registro em literatura descrevendo o perfil botÃnico desta espÃcie vegetal. Assim, as raÃzes recÃmcoletadas de P. calceolaria foram caracterizadas morfologicamente com vista desarmada e em seguida realizada a caracterizaÃÃo anatÃmica atravÃs de secÃÃo histolÃgica, reaÃÃo histoquÃmica, registro fotomicrogrÃfico em campo de luz claro, onde foi evidenciado que a raiz em estudo apresenta o xilema secundÃrio oriundo do cÃmbio com dimorfismo no tamanho dos vasos e floema secundÃrio constituÃdo de poucas camadas circundando o xilema. No parÃnquima cortical foi visualizado e fotomicrografado, sob luz polarizada, a resenÃa de cristais de inulina. O estudo fitoquÃmico foi precedido por ensaios preliminares para a obtenÃÃo da droga vegetal, onde foram obtidos as especificaÃÃes de qualidade, como a determinaÃÃo do rendimento da droga vegetal, da umidade residual, do teor de cinzas totais, seguida da prospecÃÃo fitoquÃmica que resultou majoritariamente em presenÃa de saponinas, aÃÃcares redutores e esterÃides. Em seguida, o extrato aquoso obtido por decocÃÃo foi dividido em duas amostras, onde uma foi liofilizada e por meio da outra, foi obtido por precipitaÃÃo na presenÃa de metanol, um polissacarÃdeo, com teor de 13,0% p/p, sendo este submetido a anÃlises por tÃcnicas cromatogrÃficas como CLAE e GPC, as quais indicaram a presenÃa de frutose e glicose, e o peso molecular de 4,0 x 10 Da, respectivamente. Posteriormente, apÃs a obtenÃÃo de espectros uni- e bidimensionais de RMN de ÂH, ÂÂC, DEPT-135 e HSQC, a estrutura quÃmica do polissacarÃdeo foi identificada como sendo inulina. Os testes farmacolÃgicos foram realizados em traqueia isolada de rato tanto com o polissacarÃdeo quanto com o extrato aquoso liofilizado das raÃzes de P. calceolaria (EALPC) para avaliar a atividade miorrelaxante sobre a contratilidade do ÃrgÃo. ApÃs adiÃÃo de CCh 1ÂM, para induzir contraÃÃo sustentada no ÃrgÃo isolado no sistema de cubas, em ensaio com o polissacarÃdeo houve ausÃncia de relaxamento significativo na contraÃÃo sustentada. No teste realizado com EALPC foi observado relaxamento da contraÃÃo, o qual apresentou uma reduÃÃo efetiva da resposta contrÃtil do EALPC de aproximadamente 20% em relaÃÃo ao controle, caracterizando uma leve atividade broncodilatadora.
Ferro, Vicente de Oliveira. "Aspectos farmacognósticos de Mikania smilacina DC". Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-14072008-114642/.
Texto completo da fonteMikania smilacina DC, which is commonly known as \"guaco-de-sete-sangrias\",was described pharmacognostically. It has been applied in folk medicine as an antiinflamatory teething agent, in treatment of hypertension, urticaria and for its diuretic properties. The external and internal plant and drug morphology has been studied here in detail. Some illustration is made with pictures and photos of many structures. Chemical studywas made isolating and identifying components of the hexanic extract prepared from the plant. In this manner a kaurenoic acid, a pimaradienic acid.and coumarin has been found in the extract of the plant. Gas chromatography analysis followed by the identification of the components by mass spectroscopy connected to a databank detected the presence of the following components: alfa-pineno; sabineno;limoneno; alcool alfa 4-dimetil benzílico; derivado dimetilado do estireno; terpinoleno; biciclo(6.1.0) nonano, 9-(1- metiletilideno); ciclo-hexeno1,5,5-trimetil-6-(2-propenilideno); ciclo-hexeno,1- (propinil); 2H-1,6 benzoxazocin-5-(6H)ona, 3,4-dihidro; 2(1A) azulenona, 4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahidro-8a-metil; etanona, 1 octahidro-3-hidroxi-7a-metil-5- (1metil- etenil); 2,6,10 dodecatrien-1-ol,3,7,11-trimetil; 1- heptanol, 2 propil; 1-noneno, 4,6,8- trimetil; espiro(4,5) dec-7-eno,1,8-dimetil-4-(1-metiletenil); 3-metil - 1,4-heptadieno; metilester do ácido 2-metil octanóico; 2,4,4-trimetil hexano; ciclopentano, 2-metil-1-metileno-3-(1-metiletenil); 2-metil, undecano; 4-metil-2-propil 1-pentanol; 3-etil, 3-pentanol, octadecano, N-etil acetamida, Hexatriacontano, 2-metil dodecano; 3-3-dimetil heptano. Quantification of coumarin by thin layer chromatography followed by densitometry of the fluid extract has also been made and the concentration of the substance in the plant varies from 0,032 to 0,035 % m/v. The chromatographic profile of the fluid extract was better characterized when using a 20% sodium hydroxide solution as the revealer reagent. The anticoagulant, antiinflamatory and antimicrobial activity as well as its subagude toxicity has also been tested. The plant does not seem to present antiinflamatory or anticoagulant activity, and only low antimicrobial activity against Staphyloccocus aureus. The subagude toxicity assay of the extract showed no intoxication signals when using doses up to 100mg/kg.
Osorio, Adriana de Carvalho. "Aspectos farmacognósticos de Chamaecrista nictans subsp. patellaria var. ramosa Irwin & Barneby". Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-13012015-102331/.
Texto completo da fonteChamaecrista nictans subsp.patellaria var. ramosa Irwin & Barneby (Cassia Patellaria Dc), popularly know as \"peninha\", \"mata-pasto\", \"falsa-sensitiva\" e \"falsa-dormideira\", is Brazilian plant of the family Leguminosae. It is considered a garden and plantation weed, but in folk medicine is used for kidney problems and renal calculi. In order to identify their plant as a drug the morfology, histology, phytochemical screening, caracterization of fluid extract and plant powder were studied. In phytochemical screening the presence of flavonoid, saponins, steroids, tanins and coumarins was detected. A pharmacological assay was also carried out to test effect of chronic treatment with fluid extract in the experimental urolithiases in rats, through the development of calculi by surgical insertion of a foreign body their bladder. In rats, the results showed that chronic treatment with the same dosage of that used in folk medicine had no influence on the stones formed.
Röpke, Cristina Dislich. "Avaliação da atividade antioxidante de Pothomorphe umbellata L. Miq na pele". Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-24112015-182714/.
Texto completo da fonteAntioxidants may play a significant role in ameliorating or preventing oxidative damage to skin. In this work antioxidant activity of P. umbellata root extract, with known concentration of 4-nerolidylcathecol, incorporated to a hydrophilic ointment in different concentrations, was evaluated on skin of Hairless mice. This antioxidant activity was compared with that of different concentrations of α-tocopherol (Sigma) incorporated in the same vehicle. Lipid peroxidation of skin homogenates was evaluated as thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARS) and chemiluminescense (CL). Animals treated with P. umbellata root extract showed a decrease up to 90% in the lipid peroxidation parameters, for concentrations higher than 0.1%. Our model demonstrated a significant decrease in TBARS an CL only for higher concentrations of α-tocopherol (5 and 10% w/w). The results indicate a potent antioxidant activity of the Pothomorphe umbellata root extract, suggesting its application in cosmetic formulations.
Kurtz, Stella Maris Tessaro Figura. "Maracujá : farmacognose das folhas de Passiflora actinia Hooker e estudo preliminar de formulaçao para incorporar a tintura de Passiflora alata Dryander, PASSIFLORACEAE". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/49811.
Texto completo da fonteCo-orientadores: Márcia do Rocio Duarte, Mayumi Elisa Otsuka Sato
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas
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Resumo: O maracujá é uma espécie vegetal, cujas folhas são utilizadas como sedativo e calmante na forma de extratos, tinturas, infusos e decoctos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar o estudo morfo-anatômico e a investigação de constituintes alcaloídicos das folhas de Passifíora actinia Hooker, Passifloraceae. Embora essa espécie se distribua amplamente na região Sul do Brasil, nenhum trabalho relacionado à anatomia foi relatado até o presente para a mesma. A análise morfo-anatômica das folhas revelou um contorno oval, margem lisa, ápice obtuso, base arredondada e limbo inteiro. Observou-se que a face abaxial da epiderme é papilosa, o mesofilo é dorsiventral, os feixes vasculares são colaterais e idioblastos contendo drusas estão distribuídos no parênquima foliar. Análise por CLAE demonstrou a presença de traços do alcalóide harmana na fração alcaloídica, dentre os cinco principais padrões analisados (harmana, harmina, harmol, harmalina e harmalol), encontrados em Passifíora. Com a espécie Passifíora alata Dryander, Passifloraceae, oficializada pela Farmacopéia Brasileira 2a e 3a edições, foi realizado um estudo preliminar da formulação elixir para incorporar a tintura de maracujá, acompanhando-a, por oito meses, enfocando aspectos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos. O elixir não manteve suas características iniciais, sendo necessária a reformulação.
Abstract: The leaves of passion fruit are used for its sedative and anxyiolitic properties as extract, tincture, infusion and by decoction. The aim of this work was to study the morpho-anatomical characteristics and to investigate the alkaloidal moyet of Passiflora actinia Hooker, Passifloraceae. The species is widely distributed in the Southern part of Brazil, although no work so far has been reported. The leaf morpho-anatomical analysis has shown an oval shape, smooth margins, obtuse apex, rounded base and entire limb. Papillose abaxial epidermis, dorsiventral mesophyll, collateral bundles and idioblasts containing druses were observed. HPLC analysis using authentic samples of the five main alkaloids (harman, harmine, harmol, harmaline and harmalol) have shown traces of harman in the alkaloidal fraction. With Passiflora alata Dryander, an oficial species described in the Farmacopéia Brasileira 2nd and 3rd edition, a preliminary study was performed with the aim of introducing the passion fruit tincture in an elixir formulation. The physical, chemical and microbiological aspects of the formulation were followed during eight month period. The results have shown no maintenance of the initial characteristics. Therefore, studies of improving the elixir formulae are required.
Sousa, Carla Sara Ferreira de. "PERFIL METABÓLICO E POTENCIAL ANTIOXIDANTE DE BRASSICA OLERACEA". Tese, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/22549.
Texto completo da fonteLeal, Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira. "Contribuição para a validação do uso medicinal de Amburana cearensis (cumaru) : estudos farmacológicos com o isocampferídio e o amburosídio". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2746.
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Amburana cearensis (Fabaceae) é uma árvore da caatinga nordestina, mais conhecida popularmente como cumaru. Suas cascas (caule) possuem um cheiro característico pela presença de cumarina, e são principalmente utilizadas no tratamento da bronquite, tosse e asma. O presente estudo procurou investigar os efeitos tóxicos e as atividades antiinflamatória, antioxidante e relaxante muscular do isocampferídio (ICPF, 3-metilflavonol) e/ou do amburosídio A (AMB, glucosídio fenólico) isolados das cascas do caule de A. cearensis. A administração intraperitoneal (i.p.) do ICPF ou do AMB em dose única (50 – 200 mg/kg) mostrou baixa toxicidade em camundongos. Na cultura primária de hepatócitos apenas o ICPF (100 µg/ml) reduziu significativamente a viabilidade celular, determinada pelo teste do MTT. O ICPF e o AMB (12,5 – 50 mg/kg, i.p.) apresentaram atividade antiinflamatória, observada inicialmente pela inibição do edema de pata induzido por carragenina-Cg, prostaglandina E2, dextrano-Dx, histamina ou serotonina e pela redução em 39 e 50% respectivamente do infiltrado de neutrófilos verificada pela análise histopatológica/morfométrica do edema induzido por Cg. O aumento da permeabilidade vascular induzido pelo Dx em camundongos, foi também significativamente inibido pelo ICPF ou AMB. O pré-tratamento (oral ou i.p.) dos animais com ICPF ou AMB (25 e 50mg/kg) causaram reduções tanto na migração de leucócitos quanto neutrófilos induzida por Cg ou fMLP no peritônio de camundongos. O ICPF e o AMB preveniram parcialmente a degranulação de neutrófilos humano induzida pelo fMLP, determinada pela redução das atividades das enzimas mieloperoxidase e elastase em até 66 e 52% respectivamente. Os compostos fenólicos em estudo não foram citotóxicos para neutrófilos (teste do MTT). O AMB mostrou uma ação hepatoprotetora/antioxidante no modelo de hepatotoxicidade induzida pelo CCl4 em ratos, determinada pelas enzimas hepáticas (ALT e AST) e pela catalase, além de TBARS, glutationa reduzida e análise histopatológica. Na traquéia isolada de cobaia o ICPF (10 – 1000 µM) e o AMB (10 – 3000 µM) relaxaram de maneira concentração-dependente o músculo pré-contraído pelo CCh ou KCl. A remoção do epitélio traqueal favoreceu o efeito relaxante do ICPF, mas não modificou o efeito do AMB. O relaxamento induzido pelo ICPF foi inibido em 41% pelo L-NAME; 31 e 50% pelo ODQ (3 e 33 µM); 31 % pelo propranolol e 37 % pela capsaicina. Na traquéia pré-contraida pelo KCl (40 mM) a glibenclamida (GLB) ou iberiotoxina reduziram o efeito relaxante do ICPF, enquanto no músculo pré-contraído pelo KCL 120mM o efeito do ICPF foi reduzido e não foi afetado pela GLB. Portanto, os resultados apresentados mostram que o ICPF e o AMB possuem atividades antiinflamatória, relaxante muscular e antioxidante, o que justifica pelo menos em parte o uso tradicional de A. cearensis no tratamento de doenças respiratórias onde as características fisiopatológicas incluem inflamação, estresse oxidativo e broncoconstrição.
Amburana cearensis is a medicinal plant from Northeast Brazil popularly known as “cumaru”. Its stem bark has an odor characteristic of the presence of coumarin, being used in alternative medicine for the treatment of bronchitis and asthma. The present study investigated the toxicity, as well as the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and smooth muscle relaxant activities of isokaempferide (IKPF, 3-metylflavonol) and amburoside A (AMB, phenolic glucoside), bioactive constituents of the plant. The intraperitoneal administration (ip) of IKPF or AMB, in single doses (50-200 mg/kg), showed low toxicity in mice. In primary hepatocyte cultures, only IKPF (100 ug/ml) reduced significantly the cellular viability, as assessed by the MTT test. ICPF and AMB (12.5- 50 mg/kg, ip) presented anti-inflammatory activities, observed initially by inhibitions of the carrageenan (Cg), prostraglandin E2 (PGE2), dextran (Dx), histamine or serotonin-induced paw edemas. Besides, IKPF and AMB (12.5 – 50 mg/kg) produced 39 and 50% reductions, respectively, of neutrophil migration as assessed by histopathological/morphometric analyses of the Cg-induced paw edema. The increase of vascular permeability induced by Dx in mice was also significantly inhibited by IKPF or AMB. Mice pretreatments (oral or ip) with IKPF or AMB (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced peritoneal Cg or fMLP-induced leucocytes and neutrophil migrations. Also, IKPF and AMB partially prevented fMlP-induced neutrophil degranulation in human blood, as determined by the decrease in 66 and 52% of activities of the enzymes myeloperoxidase and elastase, respectively. The two compounds were not cytotoxic for neutrophil, as assessed by the MTT test. AMB showed hepatoprotective and antioxidant actions in the model of CCl4-induced liver toxicity in rats, as determined by the liver enzymes activity (AST and ALT), catalase, lipoperoxidation (TBARS assay), reduced glutathione, and histological analysis. In the isolated guinea pig trachea, IKPF (10-1000 µg/ml) and AMB (10- 3000 µg/ml) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the muscle precontracted by carbacol or KCl. The epithelium removal improved IKPF-induced relaxation, but did not alter the AMB effect. IKPF-induced relaxation was inhibited in 41% by L-NAME; 31 and 50% by ODQ (3 and 33 uM); 31% by propranolol and 37% by capsaicin. In the trachea pre-contracted by KCl (40 mM), the pre-incubation with glibenclamide or iberiotoxin, inhibited the IKPF-induced relaxation by 39% and 38%, respectively. On the other hand, 4-aminopyridine did not significantly influence the effect of IKPF. However, in the muscle pre-contracted with 120mM KCl the relaxant effect of IKPF was significantly reduced and not affected by glibenclamide. In conclusion, results showed that IKPF and AMB present anti-inflammatory, muscular relaxant and/or antioxidant activities, justifying the traditional use of Amburana cearensis in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases that present inflammation, oxidative stress, and bronchoconstriction as pathophysiological characteristics.
Avello, Chamorro Zita Camila. "Determinación del contenido de taninos y evaluación de la disminución del infiltrado celular de distintos genotipos de Ugni Molinae Turcz". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144697.
Texto completo da fonteLa murtilla es un arbusto autóctono que crece en el centro y sur de Chile. Se caracteriza por producir frutos globosos y pequeños con agradable aroma y sabor, atributo que los ha transformado en una fuente de comercio y exportación. Sus hojas han sido utilizadas por la medicina tradicional por sus propiedades antiinflamatorias y analgésicas, actividades que han sido confirmadas por investigaciones realizadas en nuestro laboratorio. Asimismo, estudios han determinado en los extractos de sus hojas, actividades antioxidante y antimicrobiana, asociadas a la presencia de compuestos fenólicos. Entre los compuestos fenólicos presentes en murtilla, los taninos, derivados de ácido gálico, ácido elágico y catequina, generaron interés por su variedad de propiedades que presentan, entre las que destacan antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes, antivirales, antimicrobianas, entre otras. Además de ser metabolitos secundarios cuya cuantificación en diez genotipos de murtilla no se había determinado en estudios previos en nuestro laboratorio. Existen varios factores que pueden determinar la composición química presente en la murtilla, entre los que se encuentra el genotipo. Debido a esta influencia, se determinó en forma comparativa el contenido de taninos de extractos etanólicos de hojas de diez genotipos de Ugni molinae Turcz, cultivadas bajo las mismas condiciones edafoclimáticas y manejo agronómico. Por otra parte, por sus propiedades antiinflamatorias in vivo, determinadas en estudios previos en murtilla. Se evaluó si los extractos tenían además efecto sobre la disminución de la infiltración celular a diferentes dosis. Se seleccionaron y evaluaron dos extractos: uno de acetato de etilo (genotipo 19-1) y otro etanólico (genotipo 31-1). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05), respecto al contenido de taninos entre los diez genotipos estudiados, el genotipo ZF-18 es el que presentó mayor cantidad con 201,0 ± 1,6 EAT (mg/g ES). En el ensayo de disminución del infiltrado celular, el mayor efecto se obtuvo en el extracto etanólico 31-1, a una dosis de 100 mg/kg con un 38,7%. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación aportaron información relevante respecto a la influencia del genotipo en relación al contenido de taninos. Así como también a que los extractos a diferentes dosis, se encuentran influyendo en la disminución de las células que llegan a la zona de inflamación
Murtilla is a native shrub that grows in central and southern Chile. It is characterized by produce small and globose fruits with pleasant aroma and flavor, attribute that has become a source of trade and export. Its leaves have been used by traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, activities that have been confirmed by investigations in our laboratory. Also, studies have determined their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, which have been associated with the presence of phenolic compounds. Among the phenolic compounds present in murtilla, tannins, derivatives of gallic acid, ellagic acid and catechin, generated interest for its variety of properties presented, among which we highlight anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and antimicrobial, among others. Besides being secondary metabolites which quantification in ten genotypes of murtilla there was been determined in previous studies in our laboratory. Several factors can determine the chemical composition present in the murtilla, including the genotype. Based on this, the tannin content was determined comparatively between the ethanolic extracts of Ugni molinae Turcz leaves from ten genotypes, grown under the same soil and climate conditions and agronomic management. Moreover, for its anti-inflammatory properties in vivo as determined in previous studies in murtilla. It was assessed whether extracts also had influence on decreasing cell infiltration at different doses. Selecting and evaluating two extracts: one of ethyl acetate (19-1 genotype) and another ethanol (31-1 genotype). The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05), compared to tannin content among the ten genotypes studied, genotype ZF-18 is the highest estimated amount to 201.0 ± 1.6 EAT (mg /g DE). In the assay decreased cellular infiltrate, the greatest effect was obtained in ethanolic extract 31-1, at a dose of 100 mg/kg with 38.7%. The results obtained in this research provided relevant information regarding the influence of genotype in relation to the content of tannins. As well as extracts at different doses, are influencing the decrease of cells that reach the site of inflammation
FONDECYT N°1130155
Sousa, Carla Sara Ferreira de. "PERFIL METABÓLICO E POTENCIAL ANTIOXIDANTE DE BRASSICA OLERACEA". Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/22549.
Texto completo da fonteMoura, Camila Miranda. "Contribuição à quimiotaxonomia de Anacardiaceae : estudo fitoquímico e das atividades antifúngicas e antitumorais de Astronium fraxinifolium Schott ocorrente no cerrado". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/16929.
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As infecções fúngicas são agravos persistentes à saúde pública. O atual quadro das micoses revela o aumento de sua incidência mundial e o surgimento de espécies com resistência intrínseca a antifúngicos disponíveis. Diante disso, a comunidade científica tem se empenhado na busca de alternativas terapêuticas. Os produtos naturais têm sido intensamente investigados quanto à atividade biológica. No Brasil, o bioma Cerrado se destaca pela rica diversidade química, sendo fonte promissora para o isolamento de metabólitos secundários ativos. Assim, este trabalho avaliou a atividade de extratos e substâncias da espécie do Cerrado, Astronium fraxinifolium Schott (Anacardiaceae), em leveduras, dermatófitos e células tumorais. Em uma triagem de atividade de extratos dos órgãos de A. fraxinifolium em diferentes polaridades, o extrato acetato de etila da casca da raiz foi o mais ativo, apresentando amplo espectro de ação em todos os fungos testados com valores de CIM de 0,24 a 125 ?g/mL. A partir desse extrato foram isolados dois triterpenos do tipo cicloartano: 3-?-cicloartenol (1) e 3-?-cicloeucalenol (2). Com interesse em contribuir para a quimiotaxonomia de Anacardiaceae, o extrato acetato de etila das folhas também foi submetido ao fracionamento cromatográfico devido ao seu perfil químico e ao interesse na fitoquímica da espécie. Desse extrato foram identificados uma cetona esteroidal - tremulona (3) - e dois triterpenos pentacíclicos - ?-amirina (4) e lupeol (5). Os compostos 1 e 2 apresentaram efeito citotóxico em células leucêmicas da linhagem HL-60 com valores de CI50 de 10,8 ?g/mL e 9,2 ?g/mL, respectivamente. __________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Fungal infections are persistent public health issues. The current picture of mycoses reveals an increase in their global incidence and an arise of species with intrinsic resistance to available antifungal agents. Seeing that, the scientific community has been searching for therapeutic alternatives. The natural products have been thoroughly investigated for their biological activity. In Brazil, the Cerrado biome stands out for its rich chemical diversity, being a promising source for the isolation of active secondary metabolites. Therefore, the present work evaluated the activity of extracts and substances from the Cerrado’s species, Astronium fraxinifolium Schott (Anacardiaceae), in yeasts, dermatophytes and tumoral cells. In a triage of activity from A. fraxinifolium organs’ extracts in different polarities, the ethyl acetate extract from the root’s bark was the most active, presenting broad-spectrum action in all the fungi tested with MIC values from 0.24 to 125 μg/ml. From this extract two cycloartane-type triterpenes were isolated: 3-β-cycloartenol (1) and 3-β-cycloeucalenol (2). In order to contribute to the chemotaxonomy of Anacardiaceae, the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves was also submitted to chromatographic fractionation due to its chemical profile and to the interest in the species’ phytochemistry. From this extract were identified a steroidal ketone – tremulone (3) – and two pentacyclic triterpenes – β-amyrin (4) and lupeol (5). The compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic effect on leukemic cells line HL-60 with IC50 values of 10.8 μg/ml and 9.2 μg/ml, respectively.
Campos, Afonso Celso Soares. "Estudo do uso do creme vaginal de Aroeira do Sertão (myracrodruon urundeuva – All) em pacientes atendidas no ambulatório de Ginecologia de uma unidade básica de saúde em Fortaleza". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/4185.
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The Brazilian Peppertree (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) is a medicinal plant popularly known in the treatment of gynecological problems, such as cervicitis, vaginitis and ectopies, which pharmaceutical form in cream is 15%, used for more than ten years by the Live Pharmacy Program. One aimed to study the use and efficiency of Brazilian Peppertree in gynecology; record and quantify possible adverse and phytotherapic reactions. It is an observatory, prospective study, of the open type and non comparative of medicine use. Developed in a Health Unit, from regional IV in Fortaleza-CE. The study was composed by 33 women that received indication and prescription of Brazilian Peppertree’s vaginal cream, but only 18 completed all the phases of the study. The data were collected between January and June 2008, by accompaniment of women who concluded the study. One used as technique the individual interview pre and post treatment; the use of clinical information given by the responsible gynecologist, besides a form to record the clinical data. The results demonstrated that no adverse reaction was reported and that the cream was effective in the treatment of the diseases (Cervicitis and Ectopies). One concludes, thus, that the findings confirm all the pharmacological effects already detected concerning the Brazilian Peppertree and that it does not cause any adverse reaction, confirming, this way, what preaches the new National Policy of Medicinal Plants, regarding women’s health.
A Aroeira do Sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) é uma planta medicinal utilizada popularmente no tratamento de problemas ginecológicos, tais como Cervicite, Vaginites e Ectopias, cuja forma farmacêutica de creme vaginal é de 15%; utilizada a mais de uma década pelo Programa Farmácias Vivas. Objetivou-se estudar o perfil de utilização e a eficácia do creme de Aroeira em ginecologia; notificar e quantificar possíveis reações adversas a fitoterápicos. Trata-se de estudo observacional, prospectivo, de tipo aberto e não comparativo de utilização de medicamentos. Desenvolvido em um Centro de Saúde, pertencente à regional IV de Fortaleza-CE. O estudo foi composto por 33 mulheres que receberam indicação e prescrição de uso do creme vaginal de Aroeira, sendo que apenas 18 completaram todas as fases do estudo. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro e junho de 2008, mediante acompanhamento de mulheres que concluíram o estudo. Utilizou-se como técnica a entrevista individual pré e pós-tratamento; a reunião de informações clínicas fornecidas pela ginecologista responsável, além de um formulário para registro dos dados clínicos. Os resultados demonstraram que nenhuma reação adversa foi relatada e o creme mostrou-se efetivo no tratamento das patologias diagnosticadas (Cervicites e Ectopias). Conclui-se, assim, que os achados corroboram todos os efeitos farmacológicos já detectados em relação à aroeira e que esta não acarreta nenhum tipo de reação adversa, confirmando, dessa forma, o que preconiza as diretrizes da nova Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais, voltadas para a saúde da mulher.
Erdelyi, Maria Carolina. "Contribuição à farmacognosia de Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) - Acompanhamento da variação sazonal de constituintes, aspectos botânicos e avaliação da atividade antileishmania in vitro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-14092017-114936/.
Texto completo da fonteLeishmaniasis, as well as other protozoal tropical endemic diseases, remains a serious Public Health problem all over the world. New altematives for their treatment are urgently needed, since the parasite resistance is increasing and the high toxicity of the conventional medicines reduces its patient adherence. In last decades, several vegetal species from the Annonaceae family showed to be a rich source of potential antiprotozoal metabolites. Therefore, Annona squamosa L. was selected. Although is largely known for its fleshy and flavorous fruits called \"pinhas\" and \"fruta do conde\", some medicinal properties have been attributed to different plant parts including the antihelminthic and against ectoparasites. The main secondary metabolites found in the species were: isoquinoline alkaloids, acetogenins, flavonoids and volatil oil. In this work, the in vitro antileishmanial activity was investigated for the total alkaloid and hidroalcoholic extracts, infuses and organic fractions from leaves, fruits, seeds and arils of A.squamosa collected in the four anuual phases. In vitro tests were also performed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of extracts. Qualitative or quantitative analyses of alkaloids, total phenolics, total flavonoids and tannins were done by HPLC, spectrophotometric and TLC methods. The morphoanatomical study of leaves was also presented and illustrated by photos and photomicrographies. The results have encouraged deeper researches and further isolation of bioactive compounds.
Vasconcellos, Marne Carvalho de. "Estudo de toxicologia clínica e genotoxicidade do fitoterápico tamaril® cápsula, em voluntários sadios". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2580.
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Tamaril® is a phytomedicine constituded of 5 medicinal plants well known for their laxative proprieties: Cassia fistula (soft extract), Cassia angustifolia (Senna), Coriandrum sativum L. e Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Alcaçuz) and Tamarindus indicus L. (soft extract). Every medication to be launched on the market must succeed in a series of research steps, where clinical toxicology evaluation is an important one among them. Genotoxic assessment, which aims on the processes altering DNA integrity, is a relatively recent field in drug development and stands on the interface between toxicology and genetics. This study consisted on the evaluation of clinical safety and genotoxic potential of Tamaril® capsules in healthy volunteers. The clinical evaluation consisted of an open study with 25 healthy volunteers of both sexes (13 males and 12 females) who received a daily oral dose of two capsules Tamaril® for 28 consecutive days. The volunteers were selected for the study if considered in good health after criterious clinical, physical and laboratorial evaluations. At the end of the 28 study days, blood samples (5 mL) were collected from each volunteer for the genotoxic assessment of Tamaril® on peripheral lymphocytes through the comet assay. The mean age of the volunteers was of 30.1± 6.9 years and the body mass index was of 24.21±3.00 Kg/cm2 on the pre-study evaluation and 24.26±3.05 Kg/cm2 on the post-study. Hematological, hepatic, renal and metabolic functions, as well as sodium and potassium did not show signs of abnormality in any volunteer throughout the weeks of the study. Soften faces, abdominal pain and flatulence were the adverse events regularly observed. Through the comet assay, score 1 DNA damage was most frequently registered on peripheral lymphocytes of volunteers treated with Tamaril® (p<0.05). Clinical and genotoxic evaluation of healthy volunteers receiving Tamaril® for 28 uninterrupted days did not show signs of toxicity related to the treatment.
O Tamaril® é um fitoterápico composto de cinco plantas medicinais: Cassia fistula (extrato mole), Cassia angustifolia (Sene), Coriandrum sativum L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Alcaçuz), e Tamarindus indicus L. (extrato mole); todas com conhecida ação laxativa. Todo medicamento que vai ser registrado pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), passa por diversas etapas de pesquisa sendo uma delas a toxicologia clínica. A genotoxicidade é uma especialidade relativamente recente, e se situa na interface entre a toxicologia e a genética. Esta visa o estudo dos processos que alteram o DNA (ácido desoxirribonucléico). O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a segurança e o potencial genotóxico da formulação de Tamaril® cápsulas em voluntários saudáveis. O ensaio clínico consistiu de um estudo aberto com 25 voluntários de ambos os sexos, (13 homens e 12 mulheres), que receberam diariamente duas cápsulas de Tamaril® v.o. por 28 dias ininterruptos. Os voluntários foram incluídos no estudo após avaliação clínica, exames físicos e laboratoriais. Ao final de 28 dias, amostras de sangue (5mL) foram coletadas de cada voluntário, para avaliar o efeito genotóxico do Tamaril® em linfócitos periféricos humanos através do teste do cometa. A idade média dos voluntários foi de 30,1 ± 6,9 anos e o índice de massa corpórea foi de 24,21 ± 3,00 Kg/ cm2 no pré-estudo e 24,26 ± 3,05 Kg/ cm2 no pós-estudo. As funções hematológica, hepática, renal e metabólica, bem como os eletrólitos sódio e potássio foram analisados semanalmente através dos exames laboratoriais, os quais não evidenciaram sinal de toxicidade, estando todos os resultados dentro da faixa de normalidade. Fezes pastosas, dor abdominal e flatulência foram os eventos adversos mais observados. Pelo teste do cometa, foram observados danos tipo 1 (p<0,05) nos linfócitos periféricos dos voluntários tratados com Tamaril®. Os estudos de Toxicologia Clínica e genotoxicidade não evidenciaram nenhuma toxicidade nos voluntários tratados com Tamaril® por 28 dias ininterruptos 2 cápsulas por dia v.o.
Pontes, Ana Georgina Oliveira. "Estudo farmacognóstico das raízes de ipeca-da-praia (Pombalia calceolaria (L.) Paula-Souza): aspectos botânicos, químicos e farmacológicos". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16370.
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Pombalia calceolaria L., Violaceae, popularly known as ipecac-the-beach, ipecabranca, ipecacunha of healers is a perennial, herbaceous predominant in the northeastern backlands. Although there are no data in the literature proving their pharmacological activity, for decades, its roots are prepared in the form of decoction, licker and maceration, the main indications are popular cough, expectoration, as anthelmintic, antidiarrheal and dentition. This study aimed to carry out the Pharmacognostic characterization of P. roots calceolaria the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects. The importance of morphoanatomical is the fact that there is no record in the literature describing the botanical profile of this plant species. Thus, the roots of P. recémcoletadas calceolaria were characterized morphologically with the naked eye and then held the anatomical characterization by histological section, immunohistochemical reaction photomicrographic record in clear light field, where it was shown that the root study presents the secondary xylem originating exchange with dimorphism in the size of vessels and phloem consists of few layers surrounding the xylem. In cortical parenchyma was visualized and fotomicrografado under polarized light, RESENCE inulin crystals. The phytochemical study was preceded by preliminary tests to establish the plant drug, where the quality specifications were obtained, as the determination of yield from plant drugs, residual moisture, the content of total ash, followed by phytochemical screening has resulted mainly in presence of saponins, reducing sugars and steroids. Then, the aqueous extract obtained from the decoction was divided into two samples where one was lyophilized and through the other, was obtained by precipitation in the presence of methanol, a polysaccharide with a content of 13.0% w / w, and this subjected to analysis by chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and GPC, which indicated the presence of fructose and glucose, and the molecular weight of 4.0 x 10³ Da, respectively. Subsequently, after obtaining uni- and two-dimensional NMR spectra of ¹H, ¹³C, DEPT, HSQC and 135, the chemical structure of the polysaccharide was identified as inulin. The pharmacological tests were performed on isolated rat trachea with both the polysaccharide and with the lyophilized aqueous extract of the roots of P. calceolaria (EALPC) to measure the relaxant activity on the contractility of the body. After addition of CCh 1μM to induce sustained contraction in isolated organ in vats system in test with polysaccharide there was no significant relaxation in the sustained contraction. Testing conducted EALPC was observed relaxation of contraction, which showed an effective reduction of the contractile response of EALPC of approximately 20% compared to control, featuring a mild bronchodilator activity.
Pombalia calceolaria L., Violaceae, popularmente conhecida por ipeca-da-praia, ipecabranca, ipecacunha dos raizeiros é uma herbácea perene, predominante no sertão nordestino. Embora não existam dados na literatura comprovando sua atividade farmacológica, por décadas, suas raízes são preparadas na forma de decocto, lambedor e maceração, cujas principais indicações populares são para tosse, expectoração, como vermífugo, antidiarréico e para dentição. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a caracterização farmacognóstica das raízes de P. calceolaria nos aspectos botânicos, químicos e farmacológicos. A importância da caracterização morfoanatômica está no fato de que não há registro em literatura descrevendo o perfil botânico desta espécie vegetal. Assim, as raízes recémcoletadas de P. calceolaria foram caracterizadas morfologicamente com vista desarmada e em seguida realizada a caracterização anatômica através de secção histológica, reação histoquímica, registro fotomicrográfico em campo de luz claro, onde foi evidenciado que a raiz em estudo apresenta o xilema secundário oriundo do câmbio com dimorfismo no tamanho dos vasos e floema secundário constituído de poucas camadas circundando o xilema. No parênquima cortical foi visualizado e fotomicrografado, sob luz polarizada, a resença de cristais de inulina. O estudo fitoquímico foi precedido por ensaios preliminares para a obtenção da droga vegetal, onde foram obtidos as especificações de qualidade, como a determinação do rendimento da droga vegetal, da umidade residual, do teor de cinzas totais, seguida da prospecção fitoquímica que resultou majoritariamente em presença de saponinas, açúcares redutores e esteróides. Em seguida, o extrato aquoso obtido por decocção foi dividido em duas amostras, onde uma foi liofilizada e por meio da outra, foi obtido por precipitação na presença de metanol, um polissacarídeo, com teor de 13,0% p/p, sendo este submetido a análises por técnicas cromatográficas como CLAE e GPC, as quais indicaram a presença de frutose e glicose, e o peso molecular de 4,0 x 10³ Da, respectivamente. Posteriormente, após a obtenção de espectros uni- e bidimensionais de RMN de ¹H, ¹³C, DEPT-135 e HSQC, a estrutura química do polissacarídeo foi identificada como sendo inulina. Os testes farmacológicos foram realizados em traqueia isolada de rato tanto com o polissacarídeo quanto com o extrato aquoso liofilizado das raízes de P. calceolaria (EALPC) para avaliar a atividade miorrelaxante sobre a contratilidade do órgão. Após adição de CCh 1µM, para induzir contração sustentada no órgão isolado no sistema de cubas, em ensaio com o polissacarídeo houve ausência de relaxamento significativo na contração sustentada. No teste realizado com EALPC foi observado relaxamento da contração, o qual apresentou uma redução efetiva da resposta contrátil do EALPC de aproximadamente 20% em relação ao controle, caracterizando uma leve atividade broncodilatadora.
ALVES, Mauro Sérgio Marques. "Caracterização farmacognóstica, química, físico-química e estudos preliminares de pré-formulação da Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt". Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufpa.br:8080/jspui/handle/2011/1860.
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This work aimed the physical, chemical, physico-chemical and preformulations characterizing of Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt., belonging to the family of Bignoniacae, which receives several denominations, and in the Amazon region is known popularly as pariri, that is widely used in popular medicine for the treatment of many diseases, such as skin infirmities caused by dermatitis and eczema. The use of natural products from vegetal origin requires the pharmaco-botanical quality control and pureness analysis which sets the species technical specifications. Therefore, it was made an anatomical description of the young and mature leaves of the plant from observations made at the optic microscope in histological cuts. The pharmacological tests included the determination of the granulometrical distribution of the plants powder, determination of the humidity purport and of total ashes and, about the dyeing, it was made pH, relative density and solids purport determinations, and also it was made the chemical prospection, the chromatographic profile by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), besides the valuation of its microbial activity. To the powder as well as the dyeing of the A. chica observed the profiles by spectroscopy in the infrared region and thermal profiles by TGA and DTA. Some studies of preformulation were made by spectroscopy in the infrared region and thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) of the binary mixtures of the formula adjuvants suggested to spread the dye, with the purpose to evaluate possible incompatibilities between the dye and these elements. The results obtained evidenced that the A. chica dye demonstrated to adjust to the aim demanded, moreover it assured the compatibility to the tested adjuvants to constitute the proposed formula, once none clue of physical or chemical incompatibilities were observed among them. The studies provided relevant basis to the development of the proposed formula, seeking to obtain quick results with the wished accuracy.
Realiza estudos de caracterização química, físico-química e de pré-formulação de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Vert., pertencente à família Bignoniaceae, a qual recebe várias denominações, sendo que na região amazônica ela é conhecida popularmente como pariri, amplamente utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias doenças, dentre elas as enfermidades da pele causadas por dermatomicoses. A utilização de produtos naturais de origem vegetal implica no controle de qualidade farmacobotânico e em ensaios de pureza que compõem as especificações técnicas da espécie. Para isso, foi realizada a descrição anatômica das folhas jovens e maduras da planta a partir de observações realizadas ao microscópio óptico em cortes histológicos. Os testes Farmacopéicos incluíram a determinação da distribuição granulométrica do pó da planta, determinação do teor de umidade e de cinzas totais, e para a tintura foram realizadas determinações de pH, densidade aparente e teor de sólidos, sendo realizadas ainda a prospecção química, o perfil cromatográfico por CCO e CLAE, além da avaliação da sua atividade antimicrobiana. Tanto para o pó quanto para a tintura de A.chica foram observados os perfis por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho e perfis térmicos por TG e OTA. Foram realizados ainda, os estudos de pré-formulação através de espectroscopia na região de infravermelho e análise térmica (TG e OT A) das misturas físicas dos adjuvantes da formulação proposta para veicular a solução extrativa, com a finalidade de avaliar possíveis incompatibilidades da solução extrativa com os mesmos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a tintura de A. chica se adequa ao fim pretendido, além de ter assegurado a compatibilidade com os adjuvantes testados para constituírem a formulação proposta, já que não foi observado indícios de incompatibilidade física ou química entre os mesmos. Os estudos forneceram dados relevantes para o desenvolvimento da formulação proposta, visando obter resultados rápidos e com a precisão desejada.
Alves, Nilda Maria. "Estudo farmacognóstico e da toxicidade experimental (aguda e subaguda) do extrato etanólico da casca do guatambu (Aspidosperma subincanum Mart.)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/3746.
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Embora no Brasil existam normas e legislação para garantir a segurança e qualidade dos fitoterápicos, para muitas das plantas utilizadas popularmente, não há registros facilmente disponíveis de suas características macroscópicas ou de marcadores químicos. Dessa forma, informações que possam fornecer subsídios para a correta identificação e garantia dos três princípios fundamentais para um medicamento – qualidade, eficácia e segurança – são necessárias, principalmente para aquelas espécies que têm uso mais evidente no Brasil. O cerrado goiano é muito rico em espécies medicinais, que se devidamente utilizadas podem trazer benefícios substanciais, sobretudo às populações mais carentes. Uma das espécies utilizadas na região é o guatambu (Aspidosperma subincanum Mart.) no tratamento do diabetes e da hipercolesterolemia. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram o de realizar a caracterização farmacognóstica e avaliar a toxicidade pré-clínica (toxicidade aguda e subaguda) do extrato etanólico da casca do caule de Aspidosperma subincanum Mart.(EEAS). A caracterização farmacognóstica do guatambu, além de ser uma contribuição para a informação sobre plantas medicinais brasileiras, per si, forneceu parâmetros a serem empregados no controle de qualidade do guatambu utilizado como matéria prima na preparação de fitoterápicos. Os efeitos da administração oral aguda e subaguda do extrato etanólico de Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. foram investigados pelo método screening hipocrático, pelos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos e pela análise histopatológica em ratos Wistar adultos e machos. Na avaliação da toxicidade aguda os animais foram tratados com doses únicas de EEAS (500, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 5000 mg/kg de peso) e observados por 24 horas, sendo que não foi observado qualquer sinal de toxicidade ou morte, o que sugere que o EEAS é praticamente atóxico em exposição aguda a altas doses. No estudo da toxicidade subaguda, os ratos foram tratados durante 30 dias consecutivos com EEAS por via oral nas doses de 125, 250, 500 mg/kg de peso. Os resultados mostraram que durante o período de tratamento, o EEAS provocou poucas alterações nos níveis séricos, assim como não houve modificações nos pesos dos animais. Na avaliação histopatológica EEAS provocou alterações celulares nos rins, pulmões e fígado em todas as doses avaliadas, caracterizando que tais órgãos foram lesados pela administração de EEAS. Entretanto, tais sinais de toxicidade demonstraram reversibilidade após 30 dias. Assim, nas condições experimentais, EEAS apresentou uma baixa toxicidade. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Although in Brazil there are norms and legislation to guarantee the safety and quality of the phytotherapeutical, for many of the plants used popularly, there are not easily available registrations of their macroscopic characteristics or of chemical markers. In that way, information that can provide subsidies for the correct identification and guarantee of the three fundamental principles for a medicine is necessary - quality, effectiveness and safety - mainly for those species that have more evident use in Brazil. The savannah from the state of Goiás, Brazil, is very rich in medicinal species that, if properly used, can bring substantial benefits, especially to the poor populations. One of the species used in the area it is the guatambu (Aspidosperma subincanum Mart.) in the treatment of the diabetes and of the hypercholesterolemia. Thus, the objectives of this study were to accomplish the pharmacognostic characterization and to evaluate the pre- clinic toxicity (acute and sub-acute toxicity) of the ethanolic extract of the peel of the stem of Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. (EEAS). The pharmacognostic characterization of the guatambu, besides being a contribution for the information on Brazilian medicinal plants, itself, provided parameters to be applied in the quality control of the guatambu used as raw material in the preparation of the phytomedicinel. The effects of the acute and sub-acute oral administration of the ethanolic extract of Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. were investigated by the hippocratic screening method, by the hematological and biochemical parameters and by the histopathological analysis in Wistar mice - adults and males. In the evaluation of the acute toxicity the animals were treated with only doses of EEAS (500, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg of weight) and observed for 24 hours, considering that no sign of toxicity or death was observed, which suggests that EEAS is practically non-toxicant in acute exhibition to high doses. In the study of the sub-acute toxicity, the mice were treated orally for 30 consecutive days with EEAS in the doses of 125, 250, 500 mg/kg of weight. The results showed that during the treatment period, EEAS provoked few alterations in the serical levels, as well as there were not modifications in the weights of the animals. In the histopathological evaluation EEAS provoked cellular alterations in the kidneys, lungs and liver in all the doses evaluated, characterizing that such organs were harmed by the administration of EEAS. However, such toxicity signs demonstrated reversibility after 30 days. So, in the experimental conditions, EEAS presented a low toxicity.
Cordeiro, Thuany de Moura. "Efeitos da rottlerin na esquizogonia eritrocitária de Plasmodium falciparum e implementação e avaliação de teste in vitro por fluorescência de atividade antiplasmodial". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15666.
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A malária é uma doença infecciosa causada por protozoários Plasmodium spp. O P. falciparum é considerado o mais severo por ser o responsável pela maioria dos casos de morte causados pela doença. Devido ao rápido surgimento de cepas de P. falciparum resistentes às drogas antimalariais dá-se a importância de realizar um screening de compostos da biodiversidade, além de elucidar os mecanismos de ação de substâncias com comprovada ação antiplasmodial, como por exemplo, a rottlerin, um inibidor da proteína quinase C. As proteínas quinases desempenham um papel essencial em muitas funções celulares, o que as tornam alvos muito atraentes para o desenvolvimento de novas drogas. A metodologia considerada padrão ouro para avaliar a atividade antimalárica de drogas é o ensaio com incorporação de hipoxantina tritiada. No entanto, o alto custo, a adoção de medidas de segurança e a produção de lixo radioativo limitam a utilização desta técnica. Desta forma, os objetivos deste trabalho foram à implementação do teste de atividade antiplasmodial baseado em fluorescência com SYBR Green I®, avaliação da atividade antimalárica das subfrações cromatográficas de sílica-gel do extrato de acetato de etila de Qualea grandiflora, uma planta típica do Cerrado brasileiro, e avaliação dos efeitos da rottlerin no ciclo intra-eritrocitário do P. falciparum por métodos bioquímicos e citofluorimétricos. Três subfrações de Q. grandiflora apresentaram atividade antiplasmodial moderada, sem atividade citotóxica e hemolítica aparentes. Foi demonstrado o efeito da rottlerin, um potencial efetor da autofagia, sobre o ciclo eritrocitário de P. falciparum por citometria de fluxo. De fato, a análise da população enriquecida de esquizonte de P. falciparum em cultura tratada por rottlerin comparada com a não tratada revelou que houve inibição da diferenciação dos merozoítos, acarretando na morte rápida do parasito. A fim de entender quais eram os alvos proteicos de ação desta molécula, foi realizada uma análise proteômica comparativa preliminar por eletroforese bidimensional. Três proteínas, Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90), 3-fosfoglicerato quinase (3-PGK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH), superexpressas na população de esquizontes não tratada com a rottlerin foram identificadas. Estas proteínas pertencem à classe de proteínas quinases ou possuem um domínio de interação com quinase. A HSP90 está envolvida no processo de enovelamento proteico com um papel fundamental no crescimento e desenvolvimento do parasito e, consequentemente, estudada como potencial alvo de droga antiplasmodial. A LDH e a 3-PGK são enzimas do metabolismo da glicose, e assim, potenciais alvos bem conhecidos para compostos antimaláricos devido à dependência deste parasito à glicólise para produção de energia. O estudo da biodiversidade do Cerrado pode contribuir para a descoberta de compostos antimalariais e a conservação deste bioma ameaçado. A não detecção das proteínas identificadas na presença de rottlerin pode estar relacionada à indução da autofagia na esquizogonia eritrocitária e constituem potenciais alvos de drogas antimaláricas. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium spp protozoa. The P. falciparum is considered the most severe, since it is responsible for the majority of deaths related to this disease. Due to the rapid emergence of resistant strains of P. falciparum against antimalarial drugs, a great importance can be given to the screening of biodiversity compounds in addition to elucidate the mechanisms of action of substances with demonstrated antiplasmodial action such as rottlerin, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. Protein kinases play a pivotal role in many cellular functions, which make them very attractive targets for the development of new drugs. The methodology considered the gold standard for assessing antimalarial drug activity is the [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation assay. However, the high cost, adoption of safety regulations and the production of radioactive waste limit the application of this technique. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to implement the antiplasmodial activity test based on SYBR® Green I fluorescence, assessment of antimalarial activity of silica gel chromatographic subfractions of Qualea grandiflora ethyl acetate extract, a typical plant of the Brazilian Cerrado, and assessment of the rottlerin‟s effects in erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum by biochemical and cytofluorimetric methods. Three subfractions of Q.grandiflora showed moderate antiplasmodial activity without apparent cytotoxic and hemolytic activities. It was demonstrated the effect of rottlerin, a potencial autophagy effector, on P. falciparum erythrocytic cycle by flow cytometry. In fact, analysis of the schizont enriched population of P. falciparum in rottlerin-treated culture compared to untreated ones revealed that there was an inhibition of merozoites differentiation, resulting in the rapid death of the parasite. In order to elucidate which proteins were the targets of rottlerin action, a preliminary comparative proteomic analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed. Three proteins, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), 3- phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-3) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), upregulated in schizont population non treated with rottlerin were identified. These proteins belong to the class of protein kinases or possess domains that interact with them. The HSP90 is involved in the protein folding process with a critic role in parasite growth and development, thus being studied as a potential target for antiplasmodial drugs. The 3- PGK and LDH are enzymes of glucose metabolism, hence well known potential targets for antimalarial compounds due to parasite dependence on glycolysis to produce energy. The study of Cerrado biodiversity can contribute to the discovery of antimalarial compounds and to the conservation of this threatened biome. The not detection of these proteins identified in the presence of rottlerin may be related to autophagy induction in erythrocytic schizogony and constitute potential targets for antimalarial drugs.
Gonzalez, Fabiana Gaspar. "Estudo farmacognóstico e farmacológico de Caesalpinia ferrea Martius". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-09042014-140127/.
Texto completo da fonteCaesalpinia ferrea Martius , populary, known as iron-wood or juca, is utilized in traditional medicine in the treatment of both hepatic and respiratory problems and, in special, for gastrointestinals disturbances and eventual healing. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the leiophyllized brute extracts of the leaf (lBEl) and the stem (lBES), the botanic caracterization, the chemical and pharmacological studies, focuzing principally, the antiulcer and healing action, and also the toxicity of these vegetable organs of C. ferrea. The phytochemical was ma de with the drug of the leaf (DL) and of the stem (DS)- LaEL and lBES. The method was precognized by Famsworth (1966) e Matos (1988) where doing research of: flavonoids, cardiotonic glicosids, saponins, antraderivates, alkaloids, coumarins, tannins and essential oi!. Beyond that, the quantification of tannins and flavonoids according to the metodology proposed in European Pharmacopeia (2001) and Brazilian Pharmacopeia (2003) were also undertaken, respectively. For the evaluation of the C. ferrea toxicity, the acute toxicity of both vegetable organs, the DL50 of LBEL and the subcronical toxicity of LBEL and LBES, were analyzed following the metodology of Brito (1994).The test of induction of acute gastric lesion for ethanol/HCI was used for antiulcerogenic activity analysis of the species studied. Treated Groups received LBEL or LBES or fractions or extracts enrich in flavonoids, Controls Groups water or tween 80 and misoprostol Reference Group. Three parameters were evaluated considering: Total Area of Lesion (TAL), Relative Area of Lesion (RAL) and Rate of Ulcerative Lesion (RUL). And for evaluation of subcronic gastric lesion by acetic acid 30%, the Treated Group received LBEL or LBES, Control Group water and cimetidine Reference Group. The ulcerative lesions were evaluated only in 2 parameters: RAL and RUL. An antioxidant activity \"in vitro\" was measured through inibition of antioxidation of homogenate of rat brain (Stocks et aI., 1974). The extracts were solubilized in ethanol 70% and dilutions (0.05-0.003mg/mL) were performed in ethanol 35%. The ethanol 35% was utilized like control. And for evaluation of healing activity, the animals (rats) suffered na incision in the dorsal region with a punch aid. The Treated Groups received daily 1mL of LBEL or LBES, solubilized by 15% in water, and Control Group distilled in the same proportion during a 14 day period. In phytochemical were detected for both extacts, flavonoids, tannins., beyond antradderivate and coumarins in leaves. The percentages of tannins found were 7.13% in DL, 23.95% in LBEL, 2.26% in OS and 11.77% in LBES. The quantification of flavonoids was 0.0095% in DL, 0.026% in LBEL, 0.00014% in DS and 0.0017% in LBES. During the acute toxicity test, it was observed a behaviour alteration among animais that received LBEL up tp the first time of observation and death pof 3 males and 2 females. The DL50 found to this vegetable extract was 5471.64 mg/Kg for the females and 3112.94 mg/Kg for the males. In subronic toxicity, only the females receiving LBES (800mg/Kg) presented a significant difference, according to the Control Group, as much as the weight of a kidney. However, no histologic alteration in this organ was found. LBEL and LBES presented antiulcerogenic significant activity in acute gstric lesions, based on the parameters evaluated. The LBES was reduced to 37% in RAL. The LBEL was so active as the misoprostol, being reducid to 95%,81% and 63% TAL, RAL and the RUL, respectively against 92%, 70% and 59% of pharmaco of reference. Nevertheless, nor the fractions nor the flavonoids enriched extracts obtained from both leiophyllized brute extracts showed antiulcerogenic activity at the 3 studied parameters. Up to the present time, in model subcronic gastric lesion, none of both vegetable extracts in question has showed active similar to TAL, RAL and RUL in relation to the Control Group. The LBEL and LBES of C. ferrea promoved an antioxidant activity of 93,56% and 84,38%, respectively, in concentration of de 0.8196 µg/mL, and a Q1/2 of 0.2331 (leaf) and 0.5061 (Stem) µg/mL. Conceming the healing activity evaluation of both vegetable extracts, no significant differences between Treats and Control Groups were found. Also in histologic award, no sign of tecidual cicatrization was observed. In spite of the fact that C. ferrea has been utilized by the population as cicatrizant, no clear evidence of its leaves and stems healing activity has been confirmed.
Arruda, Maria Fernanda Cordeiro. "Estudos morfoanatômico, fitoquímico e de atividades biológicas de Campomanesia guazumifolia (CAMBESS.) O. Berg, Myrtaceae". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/30320.
Texto completo da fonteMüzell, Denise Pereira. "Propriedades biológicas de extratos de melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) em ratos wistar". Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1426.
Texto completo da fonteMelissa officinalis L. (Lemon balm) presents high levels of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and rosmarinic acid. These compounds display a series of biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase activity inhibition and induction/inhibition of P450 cytochromes. Acetaminophen (APAP) is widely used as analgesic and antipyretic. However, when consumed in high doses it could cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. This study attempted to analyze the bioactive properties of M. officinalis extracts in the protection against hepatic and renal lesion induced by acetaminophen as well as antiinflammatory actions in pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Male Wistar rats were used for evaluating the effect of aqueous extracts against hepatic and renal lesion. Animals were pre-treated for seven days with intragastric (ig. ) aqueous extracts administered at doses of 500 and 250 mg/kg or saline solution. After this phase, animals were treated with saline solution or APAP using intraperitoneal (ip. ) administration. Another experiment consisting of 200 mg/kg of extract ip., 30 minutes after 800 mg/kg of APAP administration ip was performed. Hepatic lesion was analyzed using the biochemical markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), while renal lesion was evaluated using the marker W-glutamyltransferase (GGT). There was an increase in the serum levels of AST and ALT in animals pre-treated with extracts way intragastric and intraperintoneal when compared to those pre-treated with saline solution and treated with APAP ip. The increase in the serum levels of AST and ALT and the urine levels of GGT of the animals pre-treated with M. officinalis extracts and that received APAP, indicated the increase of the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity APAP-induced. The increase in the levels of biochemical hepatic lesion markers was not accompanied by the presence of necrosis in the centrolobular region during histopathological analysis. Female Wistar rats were used to analyze the anti-inflammatory action of the extracts. Animals were pre-treated with 2 ml/kg ip. of saline solution or extracts at doses 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg, 30 minutes prior to having pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Animals pre-treated with 200 and 100 mg/kg of extract and carrageenan displayed an anti-inflammatory reaction, reducing the levels of exudate, as well as those of leukocytes and polymorphonuclear cells. While the extract at concentration of 200 mg/kg led to a reduction in the total proteins in the pleural exudate, the extract at concentration 50 mg/kg showed no anti-inflammatory effect. The results suggest that extracts of M. officinalis do not protect hepatic and renal against lesion induced by APAP. However, they presented an anti-inflammatory activity, which showed a dose-response effect in relation to the concentrations of extracts and inflammation markers.
A Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) apresenta altos níveis de compostos fenólicos, como flavonóides e ácido rosmarínico. Estes compostos apresentam uma série de efeitos biológicos, como antiinflamatório, inibido a atividade da ciclooxigenase e a indução/inibição do citocromos P450. O acetaminofen (APAP) é amplamente utilizado como analgésico e antipirético. Porém consumido em altas doses pode provocar hepatotoxicidade e nefrotoxicidade. No presente estudo analisou-se as propriedades bioativas dos extratos de M. officinalis na proteção da lesão hepática e renal induzida por acetaminofen, bem como, a ação antiinflamatória na pleurisia induzida por carragenina. Para analisar os efeitos dos extratos aquosos na lesão hepática e na lesão renal foram utilizados ratos machos Wistar. Os animais foram pré-tratados por sete dias, via intragástrica (ig), com extratos aquosos de M. officinalis nas dosagens 500 e 250 mg/kg ou solução salina. Após esta fase, os animais foram tratados com solução salina ou 800 mg/kg de APAP via intraperitoneal (ip). Foram também administrados intraperitoneal extrato na dose 200 mg/kg, 30 minutos antes de administrar o APAP ip. Para lesão hepática foram analisados os marcadores bioquímicos aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT), enquanto para lesão renal foi analisado o marcador W- glutamyltransferase (GGT). Ocorreu um aumento nos níveis de AST e ALT no soro em animais pré-tratados com extratos via intragástrica e via intraperitoneal, quando comparado com aqueles pré-tratados com solução salina ig. e tratados com APAP ip. O aumento nos níveis de AST e ALT no soro, e nos níveis GGT na urina dos animais pré-tratados com os extratos aquosos de M. officinalis e que receberam APAP, indicou um aumento na hepatotoxicidade e na nefrotoxicidade induzida por APAP.O aumento nos níveis dos marcadores bioquímicos de lesão hepática não foi acompanhado da presença de necrose na região centrolobular nas análises histopatológicas. Para analisar a ação antiinflamatória foram utilizados ratos fêmeas Wistar. Os animais foram pré-tratados com 2 mL/kg de solução salina ou de extratos aquosos de M. officinalis nas doses 200, 100 e 50 mg/kg via intraperitoneal, 30 minutos antes de ter sido induzida à pleurisia por carragenina. Os animais pré-tratados com 200 e 100 mg/kg de extrato e tratados com carragenina apresentaram uma ação antiinflamatória, reduzindo os níveis do exsudato, bem como, os níveis de leucócitos e de células polimorfonucleares. Enquanto o extrato na concentração 200 mg/kg induziu a redução de proteínas totais no exsudato pleural, o extrato na concentração 50 mg/kg não apresentou efeito antiinflamatório. Os resultados sugerem que os extratos de M. officinalis não protegem o fígado e o rim da toxicidade induzida por APAP. Contudo, apresentam ação antiinflamatória, através de uma dose-resposta dependente, em relação às concentrações dos extratos e dos marcadores inflamatórios.
Soares, Neto Julino Assunção Rodrigues [UNIFESP]. "Drogas vegetais psicoativas comercializadas nas ruas da cidade de Diadema: risco no seu consumo". Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9344.
Texto completo da fonteCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O comércio popular de drogas vegetais sem a garantia da qualidade implica em risco sanitário. O presente estudo fez uma análise interdisciplinar da rede de comércio de drogas vegetais (DVs) com foco nas drogas vegetais psicoativas (DVPs), disponíveis no comércio popular da Cidade de Diadema, e os riscos associados ao seu consumo. Métodos da etnofarmacologia, tais como: entrevistas informais, semi-estruturadas e observação participante foram utilizados para a realização do trabalho de campo; durante o qual, selecionaram-se quatro comerciantes, a fim de registrar a obtenção, manipulação, acondicionamento e tipos de DVs comercializadas. Foram registradas 63 DVs que remetiam a atividade psicoativa (DVPs) e, categorizadas em estimulantes (67%), depressoras (27%), depressoras e estimulantes (1%) e finalmente algumas não puderam ser definidas (5%). Essas DVPs tiveram seus nomes populares, forma de preparo e uso, partes utilizadas, contraindicações e doses registradas. Dezoito das 63 DVPs foram selecionadas segundo critérios do estudo, e seus lotes foram adquiridos dos entrevistados, a fim de serem analisados pela microbiologia (61 lotes) e farmacognosia (somente 22 daqueles, referentes a apenas 8 DVPs). Os resultados obtidos por essas áreas, somados a consultas em literaturas científicas, acerca de descrições de reações adversas, serviram de subsídio para a análise final dessas DVPs no contexto da farmacovigilância. Observaram-se deficiências principalmente na manipulação e acondicionamento das DVs por parte dos comerciantes, favorecendo sua contaminação e degradação. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas detectaram que 16% das DVPs analisadas apresentaram populações de bactérias (aeróbias e enterobactérias) superiores a 105 UFC/g e 31%, populações de fungos (bolores e leveduras) superiores a 103 UFC/g e a presença de espécies microbianas indicadoras de risco em 17 DVPs, especificamente em 74% dos 61 lotes, além de fungos produtores de aflatoxinas B1 e/ou B2 em quatro deles. Os resultados da farmacognosia demonstraram que 73% dos lotes foram reprovados ao menos em um dos demais parâmetros analisados (presença de contaminantes, caracterização e perfil cromatográfico). Sendo que, 50% dos 22 lotes analisados não coincidem com as especificações da farmacopéia e 36% apresentaram contaminação por outros órgãos vegetais, superior ao permitido nas monografias e um lote apresentou contaminação por insetos. Todos os 22 lotes foram reprovados na avaliação do rótulo (nomenclatura e validade) e praticamente todas as embalagens foram consideradas inadequadas. Além dos dados obtidos nessas análises, descrições de contra-indicações, efeitos adversos e interações medicamentosas foram encontradas na literatura científica para as 3 DVPs que tiveram sua identidade confirmada pela farmacognosia (camomila, ginkgo biloba e guaraná). Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo possibilitam observar as prioridades de adequação sanitária do comércio popular de DVs, bem como, traçar um perfil da qualidade das DVPs comercializadas segundo os parâmetros analisados. Conclui-se que essas DVPs reúnem importantes fatores capazes de causar danos à saúde dos consumidores, especialmente para alguns grupos como gestantes e indivíduos imunossuprimidos.
The popular trade of herbal drugs without quality assurance implies a health risk. This study was an interdisciplinary analysis of the herbal drugs (DVs) trade network with focus on psychoactive drug plant (DVPs) available on the Brazilian city of Diadema, and risks associated with its consumption. Methods of ethnopharmacology, such as informal interviews, semi-structured interviews and participant observation were used for the completion of the fieldwork, during which four tradesmen were selected to register the collection, handling, packaging and types of DVs marketed. We registered 63 DVs that referred to psychoactive activity (DVPs) and categorized as stimulants (67%), depressants (27%), depressants and stimulants (1%) and finally some could not be set (5%). These DVPs had their popular names, preparations and uses, used parts, contraindications, and doses recorded. Eighteen of the 63 DVPs were selected according to the study criteria, and their lots were purchased by the selected tradesmen to be examined by microbiology (61 lots) and Pharmacognosy (only 22 of those lots, related to only 8 DVPs). The results for these areas, together with query in the scientific literature concerning descriptions of adverse reactions, provided the grant for the final analysis of these DVPs in the context of pharmacovigilance. Deficiencies were observed mainly in the handling and packaging of DVs by the traders, favoring its contamination and degradation. The microbiological analysis found that 16% of DVPs analyzed showed populations of bacteria (aerobic and Enterobacteriaceae) exceeding 105 CFU/g and 31%, populations of fungi (molds and yeasts) exceeding 103 CFU/g and the presence of risk indicator microbial species in 17 DVPs, specifically in 74% of the 61 lots, in addition to aflatoxin B1 or B2 producing fungi in four of them. The results of pharmacognosy showed that 73% had failed at least one of the parameters (contaminants, characterization and chromatographic profile), 50% of the 22 lots analyzed did not match the specifications of the pharmacopoeia, 36% were contaminated by other plant organs than those permitted in the monographs and a lot contamination by insects was found. All 22 lots have been disapproved in the evaluation of the label (classification and validity) and virtually all packages were considered inadequate. In addition to data obtained from such analysis, descriptions of contraindications, adverse effects and drug interactions were found in the literature for 3 DVPs who had their identity confirmed by the Pharmacognosy (chamomile, ginkgo biloba and guarana). The results obtained here allow us to observe the priorities of sanitary adequacy of the DVs popular trade, as well as establishing a profile of quality of DVPs marketed according to the analyzed parameters. We conclude that these DVPs gather important factors that could cause damage to the consumers health, especially for some groups such as pregnant women and immunosuppressed individuals.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
RIBEIRO, Christian Miranda. "Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de plantas utilizadas na medicina popular da Amazônia". Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufpa.br:8080/jspui/handle/2011/1862.
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The study of medicinal plants it makes possible the discovery of new bioactive components in the search for promising drugs. The increase of infections and the appearance of the microbial resistance strengthen this research. The Objective of this study it was evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of six medicinal plants of the Amazonia: Psidium guajava (guava), Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb (pirarucu), Eleutherine plicata Herb (marupazinho), Uncaria guianensis (Cats claw), Arrabideae chica (pariri) e Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry (cipó d'alho) against ATCC strains of fungi and bacteria.The collection and the identification of the plant were performed in EMBRAPA/CPATU and the phytochemical analysis in the Laboratory of FACFAR/UFPA and CESUPA in agreement with the methodologies established in these laboratories. The crude ethanolic extract of leaves and the underground parts of marupazinho were submitted to the antimicrobial activity evaluation though the ágar disc diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) though microdilution in plate and ágar disc diffusion methods. The extracts were used in concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62,5 and 31,25 mg/mL using as solvent Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). The Guava extract was effective against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans (MIC 125mg\mL), pirarucu was effective against S aureus (MIC= 500 mg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (MIC= 250 mg/mL), marupazinho against S.aureus (MIC= 500mg/mL) and C. albicans (MIC= 250mg/mL), Cats claw against S. aureus (MIC= 62,5mg/mL) and pariri was effective against S. aureus (MIC= 62,5 mg/mL), E. coli (MIC=250 mg/mL) and C. albicans (MIC 500 mg/mL). The fractions of U. guianensis extracts was obtained though fractioned dissolution methods and show that only the methanolic fraction presented antimicrobial activity. The results show that Amazonia medicinal plants presents antimicrobial activity and. This promissory extracts open the possibility of finding new clinically effective antimicrobial compounds.
O estudo de plantas medicinais possibilita a descoberta de novos compostos bioativos na procura de drogas promissoras. O aumento de infecções e o aparecimento da resistência microbiana reforçam essa pesquisa. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de seis espécies de plantas medicinais que ocorrem na Amazônia: Psidium guajava (goiabeira), Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb (pirarucu), Eleutherine plicata Herb (marupazinho), Uncaria guianensis (unha-de-gato), Arrabideae chica (pariri) e Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry (cipó d'alho) frente a cepas ATCC de bactérias e fungos. A coleta e a identificação das plantas foram realizadas na EMBRAPA/CPATU e a análise fitoquímica no Laboratório de Fitoquímica da FACFAR/UFPA e CESUPA obedecendo às metodologias estabelecidas nestes laboratórios. Os extratos etanólicos seco das folhas frescas das plantas e bulbo do marupazinho foram submetidos à avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana pelo método de disco difusão em ágar e determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) através do método de microdiluição em placas e disco difusão em ágar. Os extratos foram utilizados em concentrações de 500, 250, 125, 62,5 e 31,25 mg/mL utilizando como solvente o Dimetil-Sulfóxido (DMSO). O extrato de goiabeira teve atividade frente a S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e C. albicans (CIM125mg\mL), o de pirarucu frente a S. aureus (CIM= 500 mg/mL) e P. aeruginosa (CIM= 250 mg/mL), o de marupazinho para S. aureus (CIM= 500mg/mL) e C. albicans (CIM= 250mg/mL), o de unha-de-gato contra S. aureus (CIM= 62,5 mg/mL) e o de pariri inibiu S. aureus (62,5 mg/mL), E. coli (250 mg/mL) e C. albicans (500 mg/mL). O fracionamento do EEB de U. guianensis através da técnica de dissolução fracionada demonstrou que a fração metanólica teve ação antimicrobiana. Os resultados comprovaram que estas plantas possuem atividade antimicrobiana. Estes extratos abrem uma possibilidade de descobertas de novos compostos antimicrobianos clinicamente efetivos.
Campos, Afonso Celso Soares. "Estudo do uso do creme vaginal de Aroeira do SertÃo (myracrodruon urundeuva â All) em pacientes atendidas no ambulatÃrio de Ginecologia de uma unidade bÃsica de saÃde em Fortaleza". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1987.
Texto completo da fonteA Aroeira do SertÃo (Myracrodruon urundeuva AllemÃo) à uma planta medicinal utilizada popularmente no tratamento de problemas ginecolÃgicos, tais como Cervicite, Vaginites e Ectopias, cuja forma farmacÃutica de creme vaginal à de 15%; utilizada a mais de uma dÃcada pelo Programa FarmÃcias Vivas. Objetivou-se estudar o perfil de utilizaÃÃo e a eficÃcia do creme de Aroeira em ginecologia; notificar e quantificar possÃveis reaÃÃes adversas a fitoterÃpicos. Trata-se de estudo observacional, prospectivo, de tipo aberto e nÃo comparativo de utilizaÃÃo de medicamentos. Desenvolvido em um Centro de SaÃde, pertencente à regional IV de Fortaleza-CE. O estudo foi composto por 33 mulheres que receberam indicaÃÃo e prescriÃÃo de uso do creme vaginal de Aroeira, sendo que apenas 18 completaram todas as fases do estudo. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro e junho de 2008, mediante acompanhamento de mulheres que concluÃram o estudo. Utilizou-se como tÃcnica a entrevista individual prà e pÃs-tratamento; a reuniÃo de informaÃÃes clÃnicas fornecidas pela ginecologista responsÃvel, alÃm de um formulÃrio para registro dos dados clÃnicos. Os resultados demonstraram que nenhuma reaÃÃo adversa foi relatada e o creme mostrou-se efetivo no tratamento das patologias diagnosticadas (Cervicites e Ectopias). Conclui-se, assim, que os achados corroboram todos os efeitos farmacolÃgicos jà detectados em relaÃÃo à aroeira e que esta nÃo acarreta nenhum tipo de reaÃÃo adversa, confirmando, dessa forma, o que preconiza as diretrizes da nova PolÃtica Nacional de Plantas Medicinais, voltadas para a saÃde da mulher.
The Brazilian Peppertree (Myracrodruon urundeuva AllemÃo) is a medicinal plant popularly known in the treatment of gynecological problems, such as cervicitis, vaginitis and ectopies, which pharmaceutical form in cream is 15%, used for more than ten years by the Live Pharmacy Program. One aimed to study the use and efficiency of Brazilian Peppertree in gynecology; record and quantify possible adverse and phytotherapic reactions. It is an observatory, prospective study, of the open type and non comparative of medicine use. Developed in a Health Unit, from regional IV in Fortaleza-CE. The study was composed by 33 women that received indication and prescription of Brazilian Peppertreeâs vaginal cream, but only 18 completed all the phases of the study. The data were collected between January and June 2008, by accompaniment of women who concluded the study. One used as technique the individual interview pre and post treatment; the use of clinical information given by the responsible gynecologist, besides a form to record the clinical data. The results demonstrated that no adverse reaction was reported and that the cream was effective in the treatment of the diseases (Cervicitis and Ectopies). One concludes, thus, that the findings confirm all the pharmacological effects already detected concerning the Brazilian Peppertree and that it does not cause any adverse reaction, confirming, this way, what preaches the new National Policy of Medicinal Plants, regarding womenâs health.
Fernandes, Maria de Fátima Gomes. "Duo Ecológico Pieris brassicae/Brassica oleracea: Perfil Metabolómico e actividade biológica". Tese, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63800.
Texto completo da fonteRibeiro, Bárbara Andreia Pinto Barbosa de Bessa. "Análise metabólica e capacidade antioxidante de espécies comestíveis de cogumelos selvagens". Tese, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63811.
Texto completo da fonteCARTAXO, Rodrigo Teodoro. "Francionamento bioguiado e caracterização química de compostos com atividade antimicrobiana de geoprópolis de Uruçu nordestina: abelha indígena sem ferrão Melipona scutellaris". Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2012. http://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/186.
Texto completo da fonteLong historical records of reverence by distinct ci vilizations emerge from the last 25 years of scientific studies on stingless bees, native eusocial species inhabiting the tropical and subtropical areas of the world, over extensive documentation devoted to the globally widespread Apis mellifera. Differences from the honeybees include peculiar nest strengthened arquictetures built in beeswax and plant resi ns, amalgamated with pollen, seeds or soil material to produce geopropolis, compositionally dissociated of traditional propolis, even sharing a prevailing activity against gram-positi ve bacteria, attributable to terpenic derivatives. A bioassay-guided fractionation technique was aimed to separate active compounds against Staphylococcus aureus in geopropolis from Melipona scutellaris, concerni ng its potential biological relevance. Among the ethanolic extracts of the six lots of geopropolis ramdomly collected from a meliponary settled in the Bahia State of Brazil, during a year, the “dark-brown” variety was highlighted by the same antistaphylococcal acti vity of ethyl acetate fraction (MIC 62,5-31,25µg/mL), which unveiled at least si x target compounds from bioautography in the purification step, even because their chromatographic profiles by RP-HPLC-PDA remained equivalent to the original extract, motivating its chromatographic fractionation by Low-Pressure Silica Gel Column Chromatography, followed by preparative RP-HPLC-PDA of the poorly resolved fraction F1 (MIC 1,95 – 0,98 μg/mL), yelding sub-fractions SF2 (3,90- 1,95 µg/mL) and SF3 (7,81-3,90 µg/mL). Although escaping from the isolation purpose, the fragmentation profiles of compounds in fractions, sub-fractions and extracts, determined by RP-HPLC-ESI-TQ-MSn, allowed propositions of components closely related to the structure of a diterpenic core bonded to a cinnamic acid group, consistent with the homologous UV spectral scans, associated to the 1H-NMR spectra of fraction F2 (7,81-3,90 µg/mL), relatively the most purified one available. Differing extracts consisted, in contrast, of the variability of mass spectra, suggesting mimics of Apis mellifera heterogeneous collecting behavior in the choice for resin sources by native bees. Antibacterial assays involving bioautography and resazurin microtitre plate-based minimum inhibitory, followed by bactericidal, concentrations (MIC/MBC) methods conducted the fractionation process, whilst the screening by MIC/MBC composed the antimicrobial profile of “dark brown” extract and its most active derivatives against S. aureus, displaying a panel of standardized human pathogenic bacterial strains, recongni zed as highly susceptible gram-positive species, in particular Micrococcus, Bacillus and Staphylococcus, includi ng the selected MRSA isolate, over the gram-negative ones, demonstrating the promising potential of geopropolis as a repository of natural products candidates to the challenges of drugs development in the course of health claims.
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SANTOS, FILHO Plínio Rodrigues dos. "Efeito de extratos de folhas de barbatimão sobre o dano oxidativo e a genotoxicidade induzida por ciclofosfamida". Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2008. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/305.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effect of leaf extracts of Styphnodendron adstringens (“barbatimão”). The aqueous (AEB), water fraction (WFB) and ethanolic (EEB) extracts of leaves were obtained. We analyzed the antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo and the effect against a genotoxic agent, cyclophosphamide (CP), of the extracts. The extracts presented high content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. All of the extracts tested exhibit antioxidant activity. The total antioxidant capacity of the extracts was: 147.85±12.68, 124.36 ± 7.18 and 148.64 ± 8.41 mg ascorbic acid/g extract, for AEB, WFB and EEB respectively. The free radical DPPH scavenging activity of the extracts was concentration-dependent and the maximum activity was achieved with 62 μg/mL. The extracts presented Fe3+reducing capacity similar to ascorbic acid and higher than BHT and it was also concentration-dependent. The maximum reducing power was achieved with 250 mg/mL. The AEB and EEB were most efficient in brain, reducing TBARS formation while the WFB was most active in liver, decreasing protein oxidation. As for DNA fragmentation, it can be seen that CP induced apoptosis, confirmed by the DNA ladder pattern. The AEB neither induce apoptosis nor protected cells from the effects of CP. The WFB was antigenotoxic, as it did not induce apoptosis and protected cells from the apoptotic effect of CP. The EEB induced necrosis, as seen by the intense DNA lesion (smear). In conclusion all extracts presented antioxidant activity and WFB was antigenotoxic. WFB may be useful as cancer chemopreventive and/or anticarcinogenic agent.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG
PAULA, Bruno Faria de. "Estudo farmacognóstico e avaliação das atividades Anti-inflamatória e analgésica das folhas do nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleifera Metzg.)". Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2014. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/694.
Texto completo da fonteMedicinal plants are commonly used by the population to replace or assist the healing process. Within this surrounding context, the wild radish, Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg., wich belongs to the Brassicaceae family, also known as crucifera, is a plant with known classes of bioactive compounds, as well as the Raphanus sativus L itself. In this work, studies were conducted to obtain physico-chemical parameters of the drug as grain size, total and acid insoluble ashes, loss on drying and extractive substances, and studies to the knowledge of its bioactive and phytochemical potential, with tests such as analgesia and inflammation and phytochemical screening complemented with mass spectrometry of dry extract. The physico-chemical parameters classified the drug as moderately coarse size particles, and values of total and acid insoluble ashes of 16.69 and 0.025% respectively. The loss on drying was 6.96% and extractive substances representing 25% of the total mass of drug. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of important pharmacognostic classes such as flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes and tannins, which could be extensively associated with biological activity. In addition, chemical structures were proposed for the flavonoids and other compounds found in dry extract of R. sativus, as the kaempferol and quercetin as the flavonoids and glicorrafenine as a glucosinate. The biological tests showed: absence of acute toxicity at the tested concentrations; an anti-inflammatory activity comparable to indomethacin in the standard concentrations of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg of dry extract peritonitis test. You paw edema test, the most active and comparable to the standard activity concentrations were 30 and 300 mg/kg. The analgesia test made by the methodology of formalin better activity of the extract at the concentration of 300 mg/kg whereas the activity of the other two concentrations (30 and 100 mg/kg) showed no significant effect. The hot plate test, however, showed no antinociceptive favorable result of dry extract.
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Franco, Selma Lucy. "Maytenus ilicifolia Martius ex. Reiss. - Celastraceae - proposta tecnológica de macerados". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/144073.
Texto completo da fonteThe standardization of phytotherapeutic drugs guarantees their efficacy and safety. Such standardization begins in the steps of drying, stabilizing, grinding and storing. Techniques of recognizing and maintaining the active substances, both in plant and in derived forms must be established. The leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia Martius ex. Reiss. (Celastraceae), popularly known as "espinheira santa", "cancerosa" or "cancorosa", have been used as analgesics, oral contraceptives, in wound healing and in alleviating gastric distress. The plant is among the 20 medicinal plants proposed for study by "CEME", the Brazilian national drug supply administration. To date, its beneficial actions in wound healing and in the treatment of dyspepsia have been clinical proven, as well as its low toxicity and absence of mutagenicity. In this study, quality control parameters for the plant form were established, initially using Maytenus ilicifolia's anatomic characteritics as for example, its three-layered palisadic parenchyma. Preliminary chemical analyses of the plant revealed carotenoids, flavonoids, tanninoids and nitrogenous compounds. The latter two substances were used as references in the development of quantification techniques. Quantification by tanninoids, used in this work, is well recognized in the pharmacopoeial literature. For methyl-xanthines, extraction techniques described by Stahl employing Extrelut column extraction followed , by UV spectrophotometric quantification were utilized. To better evaluate the effects of various techniques on 4 the maceration of the plant, 4x2 and 3x2 factorial analyses were employed, permitting evaluation of the extractive yield of both specific substances and specific groups of substances. The analysis revealed alcohol to be of paramount importance, with the best extraction occurring with a maceration containing 50% alcohol with five days of contact. A standardized macerate was submitted to preliminary stability studies through heat degradation experiments at 30, 40 and 60 degrees centigrade, degradation be followed by chromatography and by dosing of tanninoid substances. Degradation of these substances apparently followed first order kinetics.
Ribeiro, Bárbara Andreia Pinto Barbosa de Bessa. "Análise metabólica e capacidade antioxidante de espécies comestíveis de cogumelos selvagens". Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63811.
Texto completo da fonteFernandes, Maria de Fátima Gomes. "Duo Ecológico Pieris brassicae/Brassica oleracea: Perfil Metabolómico e actividade biológica". Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63800.
Texto completo da fonteCardoso, Mara Lane Carvalho. "Limonium brasiliensis (boiss.) kuntze, Plumbaginaceae (Baicuru) : desenvolvimento galênico e extratos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/144084.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to obtain phytotherapeutic drugs with quality it must be important evaluate the raw-matherial and the several stages of manifacture. Hydroalcoholic macerates were prepared with roots from Limonium brasiliense(Boiss.) Kuntze, Plubaginaceae (Baicuru). The roots were standardized through botanic identification, physico-chemical methods and quantitative evaluation by TLC associated to ultraviolet, based on the contend of galic acid. The influence of some technological factors such as ethanol concentration in the extraction liquid, maceration time and granulometry of the plant matherial was analysed using 2 n factorial design. The factorial analysis demonstrated to be suitable to evaluate the influence of these technological factors to phytotherapeutic production with the baicuru. The ethanolic concentration of the menstruum and the maceration time were the most influents technological factors on the yield of galic acid. The evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract stability was realized under acelerated thermal degradation conditions.
Vestena, Angelica Signor. "Estudo químico e biológico de espécies dos gêneros Glandularia e Verbena nativas do sul do Brasil". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181430.
Texto completo da fonteMedicinal plants are considered by the population an alternative to treat various diseases. Among these, stand out plants of the family Verbenaceae, such as the species of the genus Verbena. Species currently recognized as the genus Glandularia were previously described as Verbena. These genera still have problems of circumscription, since the taxa are very similar, being often difficult to differentiate them. Verbena species are well reported in folk medicine regarding anti-inflammatory activity and for the treatment of liver diseases. The objective of this work was the isolation of compounds present in species of the genera Glandularia and Verbena and the evaluation of the hepatoprotective and antichemotactic activities of Verbena species used in folk medicine. The isolated compounds were identified by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Methanolic extracts of the V. montevidensis and V. litoralis and the iridoid brasoside, present in both extracts, were evaluated for the antichemotactic activity performed according to the modified Boyden test and for the hepatoprotective activity and in vitro cytotoxicity performed in HepG2, by MTT and neutral red methods. From G. selloi 6β-OH-ipolamiide and two chrysoeriol derivatives were obtained with novel structures, selloiside A and selloiside B. From the extract of the aerial parts of G. lobata verbascoside and the iridoid griselinoside were isolated. This iridoid was also isolated from V. hirta and V. bonariensis while V. montevidensis afforded brasoside. In the antichemotactic biological assay performed with the methanolic extract of V. montevidensis and with brasoside, all the samples showed significant inhibition of the leukocyte migration in relation to the control. The results obtained for in vitro cytotoxicity demonstrate that the methanolic extracts and brasoside did not present cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. These extracts demonstrated hepatoprotective activity in HepG2 cells after ethanol-induced injury. Brasoside protected the cells at the lowest concentrations tested, suggesting that the hepatoprotective activity of the extracts is related to the synergism between this compound and verbascoside. The results found in the biological assays corroborate the popular use of some species of Verbena as hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory agents.
OLIVEIRA, Fábio Rodrigues de. "Avaliação antifungica, farmacognóstica e toxicológica sazonal de Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae)". Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/6169.
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O estudo das plantas medicinais desperta grande interesse científico, principalmente devido às mesmas serem consideradas fontes potenciais de moléculas bioativas com estrutura diferenciada e mecanismo de ação inovador. A importância de pesquisas voltadas para a descoberta e produção de novos fitoterápicos deve-se a grande contribuição que estes vêm apresentando diante de diversas patologias. A espécie Petiveria alliacea é uma planta medicinal utilizada amplamente pela população da região amazônica e destaca-se por apresentar diversas alegações de uso e ainda algumas classes de metabólitos com comprovadas ações terapêuticas. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os parâmetros farmacognósticos sazonais da espécie, o potencial antifúngico dos extratos produzidos em diferentes períodos de coleta sobre espécies de Aspergillus e a toxicidade dos mesmos in vitro e in vivo. Na avaliação farmacognóstica sazonal de P. alliacea, utilizando métodos descritos na Farmacopéia Brasileira, os resultados demonstraram parâmetros reprodutíveis para o controle de qualidade da droga vegetal, não havendo diferença na presença dos constituintes químicos do pó e do extrato hidroalcoólico, sendo observada a presença de saponinas, acúcares e alcaloides em toda a planta e nos extratos da raiz apenas sesquiterpenolactonas e depsídeos/depsidonas. Os resultados do método da microdiluição realizadas com extratos das raízes de dois períodos, evidenciaram fraca atividade antifúngica in vitro, porém não foi observado nenhum efeito dos extratos das partes aéreas. A atividade citotóxica, avaliada pelo método colorimétrico MTT, demonstrou que o extrato hidroalcóolico da raiz dos dois períodos não reduz a viabilidade celular em nenhuma das concentrações testadas. Também não foram detectados sinais de toxicidade aguda do extrato na dose de 5000mg/kg em camundongos. Estes dados são considerados relevantes e o estudo em questão evidenciou que P. alliacea é uma espécie medicinal promissora, porém investigações mais detalhadas são necessárias para que sejam confirmadas suas várias alegações de uso e para que a planta seja utilizada no desenvolvimento de um novo agente fitoterápico.
The study of medicinal plants raised great scientific interest, mainly due to them being considered as potential sources of bioactive molecules with differentiated structure and new mechanism of action. The importance of research focused on the discovery and production of new herbal medicines should be the great contribution they have presented before diverse pathologies. The species Petiveria alliacea is a medicinal plant widely used by the population of the Amazon region and stands out for presenting various claims and still use some classes of metabolites with proven therapeutic actions. This study aimed to evaluate seasonal pharmacognostical parameters, antifungal potential of the extracts produced at different sampling times on Aspergillus species and toxicity of these in vitro and in vivo. In the evaluation of seasonal Pharmacognostical, P. alliacea, using Brazilian Pharmacopeia methods the results demonstrated reproducible parameters for quality control of the plant drug, there was no difference in the presence of the chemical constituents of hydroalcoholic and dust, revealing the presence of saponins, alkaloids and sugars across the plant and root extracts and only sesquiterpenolactones depsides. The results of microdilution method performed with extracts from the roots of two periods, showed weak antifungal activity in vitro, but did not observe any effect of extracts of the aerial parts. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT colorimetric method, showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of the root of the two periods did not reduce cell viability in any of the concentrations tested, and was any signs of acute toxicity of the extract at a dose of 5000 mg/kg in mice. These data are considered relevant and the current study showed that P. alliacea is a promising medicinal species, but further investigations are required for its various allegations are confirmed and usage for the plant to be used in developing a new phytotherapeutic agent.
Torres, Fernando Cidade. "Avaliação da atividade carrapaticida das frações dos óleos essenciais de citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus), alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis) e aroeira (Schinus molle)". Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3236.
Texto completo da fonteThe use of natural products in research of acaricides for Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus has been increased each year. In this sense, this work is aimed at the use of essential oils and their fractions obtained by distilling in a vacuum for acaricidal natural agents. The products selected for this study were the essential oils of citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L. ) and pepper tree (Schinus molle L. ). These essential oils were extracted from the herbs by the process of steam distillation and then were fractionated by vacuum distillation. The compositions of essential oils and their fractions were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). All extracts were evaluated by experiments and its effect on larvae of cattle tick R. (B. ) microplus, with different dilutions of acaricidal agents and concluded that there are significant differences between the action of essential oil and heavy fractions obtained by distilling, especially for the fractions of essential oils of citronella and pepper tree.
A utilização de produtos naturais na pesquisa de carrapaticidas para o Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tem aumentado a cada ano. Neste sentido, o trabalho em questão visa o emprego de óleos essenciais e suas respectivas frações obtidas por destilação fracionada a vácuo como agentes carrapaticidas naturais. Os produtos selecionados para este estudo foram os óleos essenciais de citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt), alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L. ) e aroeira (Schinus molle L. ). Estes óleos essenciais foram extraídos das respectivas plantas aromáticas pelo processo de destilação por arraste a vapor e posteriormente foram fracionados por destilação a vácuo. As composições dos óleos essenciais e suas respectivas frações foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa (GC-MS). Todos os extratos obtidos foram avaliados experimentalmente quanto ao seu efeito em larvas do carrapato bovino, R. (B. ) microplus, considerando diferentes diluições dos agentes carrapaticidas e concluiu-se que existem diferenças significativas entre a ação do óleo essencial e das frações pesadas obtidas por destilação fracionada a vácuo, principalmente para as frações dos óleos essenciais de citronela e de aroeira.
PERES, Ana Regina Maués Noronha. "Caracterização farmacognóstica e avaliação antifúngica das folhas de Chrysobalanus icaco (Lin) em espécies de Candida". Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/6151.
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Atualmente, a Candidíase tem se destacado dentre as infecções fúngicas, pela sua alta incidência e mortalidade. Paralelamente, há maior registro de resistência microbiana e de falhas terapêuticas apresentadas pelos antifúngicos disponíveis. Chrysobalanus icaco Lin, espécie nativa da Amazônia, tem sido usado popularmente em micoses, sem comprovação científica, por isso a importância de pesquisas que avaliem suas propriedades antifúngicas. A análise farmacognóstica das folhas do C. icaco indicou teores de perda por dessecação, de cinzas totais e de cinzas insolúveis de 12,3%± 0,0288; 4,31%± 0,0001 e 1,67%± 0,0012, respectivamente. A abordagem fitoquímica do extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de C. icaco (EHCi) revelou a presença de ácidos orgânicos, açúcares redutores, saponinas, catequinas, depsídeos, fenóis, flavonóides, taninos, proteínas, purinas e aminoácidos. Na análise por CLAE, o mesmo apresentou predomínio de flavonóides, com destaque para Miricetina. Sua atividade antifúngica foi testada por microdiluição em caldo frente à cepa ATCC 40175 de Candida albicans e onze isolados clínicos bucais de Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis e C. tropicalis. A CIM variou de maior de 6,25 mg/mL a 1,5 mg/mL e a CFM, quando determinada, foi igual ou maior que 6,25 mg/mL. O EHCi apresentou moderada atividade frente à cepa ATCC 40175 e fraca atividade antifúngica frente aos isolados clínicos bucais. Estes resultados abrem perspectivas para novos estudos que investiguem frações e substâncias de Chrysobalanus icaco com maior atividade frente a espécies de Candida.
Currently, Candidiasis has stood out among fungal infections, due to its high incidence and mortality. In parallel, there is a greater record of microbial resistance and therapeutic failures presented by antifungals available. Chrysobalanus icaco Lin, a species native to the Amazon, has been popularly used in mycoses, without scientific evidence, so the importance of research to evaluate their antifungal properties. The analysis pharmacognostic of leaves of C. icaco indicated levels of loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble 12.3% ± 0.0288, 4.31% ± 1.67% ± 0.0001 and 0.0012, respectively. Phytochemical screening of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of C.icaco (EHCI) revealed the presence of organic acids, sugars, saponins, catechins, depsídeos, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, amino acids and purine. In HPLC analysis, it was dominated by the flavonoids, especially Myricetin. Antifungal activity was tested by microdilution opposite strain ATCC 40175 Candida albicans and eleven clinical isolates of oral Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. The MIC ranged from greater than 6.25 mg / mL to 1.5 mg / mL and CFM, when determined, was equal to or greater than 6.25 mg / mL. The EHCI showed moderate activity against the strain ATCC 40175 and the weak antifungal activity against clinical isolates mouth. These results open new perspectives for studies that investigate fractions and substances Chrysobalanus icaco with greater activity against Candida species.
Dias, Tais Garcia. "Estudo farmacognóstico de Porangaba (Cordia ecalyculata Vell. - Boraginaceae) e identificação de adulterações". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-18042017-163612/.
Texto completo da fonteCordia ecalyculata Vell. (Boraginaceae) is a medicinal species most known as porangaba and chá-de-bugre. It is commonly used as diuretic, weight controller, for phleem cough healing, rheumatism healing and also in baths for externai ulcers treatment. The present work aims at clarifying the popular names of medicinal species often misnamed in Brazil. For example, the species cited above has always been mistaken as Casearia sylvestris Swartz. (Flacourtiaceae), also known as guaçatonga and erva-de-bugre. The pharmacological-botanical study of C. ecalyculata revealed papillary structures on the epidermis and sclerenchymatous cells on the cortical parenchyma which had not yet been described in the literature. The main morphological-anatomical differences between the C. sylvestris and the C. ecalyculata leaves were listed. These differences have been of great help concerning the diagnosis of commercialized vegetal drug. The commercialized samples do not show the features of the C. ecalyculata, but the features of the C. sylvestris, such as: two or three palisade parenchyma layers; secretive cavities; plenty of druses and prismatic crystals; paracytic stomata; polygonal epidermical cells; absence of lythocysts and crystal-sand, as it can be seen in the illustrative photomicrographies. The phytochemical screening of the lyophilized hydroethanolical extract (EHEL) of the C. ecalyculata showed a positive outcome for tannins, flavonoids and saponins. The chromatographic analysis not only allowed the evaluation of the coincident substance with the allantoin in the C. ecalyculata extract, but also enable the development of its chromatographic aspect, what eventually helped to differenciate it from C. sylvestris. The quantification assays of allantoin in the EHEL extract of the C. ecalyculata were performed through two spectrophotometric methods and the values found were 0,68% and 0,70% of allantoin. The EHEL extract displayed no toxicity in the acute toxicity trial in the 5 g/kg oral dosage per animal body weight. The anti-ulcer assay of this extract showed no meaningful differences among the subject and the treated animais.
BASTOS, Renan Gomes. "Caracterização fitoquímica e avaliação das atividades biológicas dos extratos obtidos das folhas de Eugenia florida DC. (Myrtaceae)". Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2016. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/946.
Texto completo da fonteThe medicinal plants correspond to the earliest strategies employed by man in the treatment of diseases of all types. Due to the great plant diversity with therapeutic potential, the history and culture of the Brazilian people, plants with potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and leishmanicidal have been the study by a range of researchers. Based on this information, the plant species Eugenia florida DC. is a promising candidate for such studies. Thus, this study aimed to identify and/or determine the chemical compounds present in hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v) and macerated in methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and hexane of species leaves in question, and evaluating the antiradical, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and leishmanicidal activities. Initially, there was a preliminary phytochemical screening by means of thin layer chromatography in dry extracts, which allowed the detection of compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, terpenoids and saponins. Subsequently, the extracts were analyzed in a mass spectrometer in negative mode, which allowed the identification of some chemical constituents of phenolics, terpenoids and saponins, based on the molecular weight and fragmentation mechanisms of some of the molecules. Quantitative chemical analysis showed that hydroethanolic extracts (EB) and macerated in ethyl acetate (M-EtOAc) were those with the highest levels of phenolic compounds, while EB and macerated in methanol (M-MeOH) were the demonstrated that contain the greater amount of flavonoids and tannins. In determining the antiradical activity, the EC50 value for EB presented very close to that obtained with standard quercetin, indicating an excellent activity. The macerated showed much lower antiradical activity. In the analysis of antimicrobial activity, the M-MeOH was more active against the yeast tested, but they were ineffective for bacteria used. None of the extracts was effective to inhibit the growth of promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis used in the test. In evaluating the biochemical parameters of diabetic rats treated with EB, there were significant decreases in serum glucose, fructosamine and triglyceride levels and increasing HDL cholesterol levels. EB's administration has had no effect on renal function, in AST and ALT activity and other parameters of lipid profile. However, there was an upgrade in liver and kidney damage in diabetic animals treated through reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA). Thus, it was concluded that the species E. florida DC. presents an interesting biological potential, mainly due to its bioactive secondary metabolites, which have demonstrated promising activity on biochemical parameters in models of diabetic rats.
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Tietbohl, Luis Armando Candido. "Estudo químico e biológico da espécie vegetal Myrciaria floribunda (H.West ex Willd.) O. Berg". Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3315.
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A espécie Myrciaria floribunda (H.West ex Willd.) O. Berg., Myrtaceae, popularmente conhecida como camboim-amarelo, foi coletada no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba (RJ, Brasil). Esta espécie é rica em estruturas secretoras de óleo essencial. Neste trabalho, é descrita a análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais de folhas, caules e flores. O monoterpeno 1,8 cineol apresenta-se como componente majoritário nos óleos de folhas (38,4%) e flores (22,8%). No óleo de caules a substância majoritária foi o acetato de farnesila (19,9%). Além das substâncias já descritas para o óleo essencial de folhas desta espécie, foram identificadas pela primeira vez: α-pineno (0,4%), mirceno (0,7%), (Z)-β-ocimeno (0,8%), γ-terpineno (0,8%), acetato de geranilo (1,5%), γ-himachaleno (7,0%), valenceno (1,8%), δ-amorpheno (4,0%), zonareno (4,6%), selina-3.7(11)-dieno (3,8%), neo-intermedeol (0,8 %) e (2E, 6Z)-farnesol (1,4%). As análises dos óleos essenciais de caules e flores ainda não haviam sido descritas para esta espécie. Também foram isolados e identificados pela primeira vez na espécie o triterpeno ácido betulínico e o flavonoide miricetina 3-O-β-galactosídeo da fração acetato de etila de folhas. O óleo essencial de folhas foi avaliado quanto as atividades: anticolinesterásica, antimicrobiana e inseticida. Os óleos de folhas, flores e caules foram avaliados quanto a atividade anticolinesterásica, mostrando um IC50 de 1583 e 681 μg/mL para flores e folhas, respectivamente. O óleo de caules não apresentou atividade. O teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial das folhas utilizando cepas de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, apresentou um CMI de 250 μg/mL. A atividade inseticida do óleo essencial das folhas foi avaliada frente aos fitófagos Oncopeltus fasciatus e Dysdercus peruvianus e os óleos essenciais das folhas e flores foram avaliados frente ao percevejo hematófago da espécie Rhodnius prolixus. Os tratamentos dos insetos com os óleos essenciais de M. floribunda induziram mortalidade, atraso no desenvolvimento e inibição de muda. Para avaliar a atividade hipoglicemiante e integridade do fêmur em ratos machos, foi utilizado o extrato aquoso das folhas de M. floribunda a uma concentração de 5 % (p/v), onde foi possível verificar ao final dos 42 dias de tratamento uma diferença significativa na glicemia e resultados similares para o fêmur. O grupo tratado apresentou resultados significativamente aumentados de colesterol, proteína total, fósforo, magnésio e aspartato aminotransferase, massa de fígado menor e massa dos rins maiores quando comparados com o grupo controle.
The species Myrciaria floribunda (H.West ex Willd.) O. Berg., Myrtaceae, popularly known as “camboim-amarelo”, was collected in the “Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba” (RJ, Brazil). This species is rich in secretory structures essential oil. This work describes the analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil of leaves, stems and flowers in that the monoterpene 1.8-cineole present as the major component in the oil leaves and flowers corresponding 38.4% 22.8%, respectively. Already at oil from stems the substance majority was farnesyl acetate (19.9%). In addition to the substances already described for the essential oil from leaves of the species were first identified the following substances : α-pinene (0.4%), myrcene (0.7%), (Z)-β-ocimene (0.8%), γ-terpinene (0.8%), geranyl acetate (1.5%), γ-himachalene (7.0%), valencene (1.8%), δ-amorphene (4.0%), zonarene (4.6%), 3.7-selina (11) -diene (3.8%), neo-intermedeol (0.8%) and (2E, 6Z)-farnesol (1.4%). The analysis of essential oils from stems and flowers had not yet been described. Were also isolated and identified for the first time in the kind triterpene betulinic acid and flavonoid myricetin 3-O-β-galactoside of ethyl acetate fraction of leaves. The essential oil from leaves was evaluated for activities: acetylcholinesterase, antimicrobial and insecticidal. The oils from leaves, flowers and stems were evaluated for anticholinesterase activity, showing an IC50 of 1583 and 681 mg/mL for flowers and leaves, respectively, and stems showed no activity. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing essential oil from leaves using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, filed an IMC 250 μg/mL. Insecticidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves was evaluated against phytophagous Oncopeltus fasciatus and Dysdercus peruvianus, and the essential oil from the leaves and flowers were evaluated against the Rhodnius prolixus. All treatments of insects with essential oils of M. floribunda induced mortality, developmental delay and inhibition of molting. To evaluate the hypoglycemic activity and femur health in male rats, were evaluated with the aqueous extract of leaves of M. floribunda at a concentration of 5%, which was verified at the end of the 42 days of treatment the infusion decreased the glycemia e maintenance results similar to the femur. Treated group apresented results significantly increased to cholesterol, total protein, phosphorus, magnesium and aspartate aminotransferase, mass minor liver and kidney mass was increased compared with the control group
Jurado, Teixeira Bertha. "Contribución al estudio farmacognóstico de Dracontium loretense krause (jergón sacha)". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 1993. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6300.
Texto completo da fonteTesis
HIPÓLITO, Taciane Maíra Magalhães. "Própolis de abelha nativa sem ferrão da espécie Frieseomelitta varia: determinação da composição química e atividades biológicas". Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2013. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/315.
Texto completo da fonteThe therapeutic aid exercised by propolis of honeybee Apis mellifera is known since immemorial times and their properties have been widely studied. However, the stingless bee propolis has been little investigated. In this way, this work proposed to assess some chemical characteristics and biological activities of propolis produced by Frieseomelitta varia stingless bees. The samples (Fv1, Fv2 and FvA) were obtained in different times and places in the city of Alfenas-MG. Extraction were made with them in ethanol and the resultant extracts were submitted to some evaluations: UV-visible absorption profile, composition by flavonoids (quercetin), phenolic compounds (based on Gallic acid) and chemical profile by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Additionally, Fv1 Fv2 and FvA were examined by in vitro biological assays, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The absorption spectrum of UV-visible light showed characteristic peaks of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, on the other hand, the quantitative tests showed low values of these phytochemicals. The TLC result revealed the presence of terpenoides in all the samples. With regard to biological properties, low antioxidant activity was found. However, the antimicrobial and antiproliferative results, were quite relevant. The sample Fv1 showed ability to inhibit fully the growth of ovarian cancer cells resistant to drugs at a concentration of 7.6µg/mL, below the required value of the standard Doxorubicin to inhibit this same cell line. In the antimicrobial assays, Fv1 also stood out for its bactericidal action on Streptococcus agalactiae in concentration contained between 15.62 -31.25µg/mL, also lower than the value obtained with the standard Chloramphenicol. The results found in this research show the great biological properties of Frieseomelitta varia propolis, which can change according to location and time of collection.
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OLIVEIRA, Diego Pinto de. "Caracterização química e avaliação biológica dos extratos hidroetanólicos obtidos do caule, folhas, glomérulo e raízes de Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br (Lamiaceae)". Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2013. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/354.
Texto completo da fonteThe specie Leonotis nepetifolia is widely distributed in Brazil and worldwide, is a weed treatments used for various purposes by the population, but there are few studies about its chemical composition and biological activity. The purpose of this study is to characterize chemically hydroethanolic extracts of stem, leaves, inflorescences glomerulus and roots of Leonotis nepetifolia and evaluate the biological activity of these. The chemical characterization was performed in HPLC - UV on the chemical profile of the extracts was quantified the level of total phenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity was assessed for DPPH˙ and reduce power of the extracts. The microbial activity test was used for broth microdilution methods for bacteria and fungi. We performed screening of the extracts and the activity against promastigotes e amastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was evaluated in murine peritoneal. The chromatograms and UV spectra revealed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in greater abundance in extracts of leaves and inflorescences glomerulus, compared with the roots and stem the quantitative analyses showed the same result. The extracts of the stem showed higher activity against Gram positive bacteria, mainly Bacillus cereus, all extracts inhibited the growth of 50% of the bacterial population , all extracts were able to inhibit the growth of 50% and 100% of the extract showed no fungal growth and extracts of the leaves and roots showed greater activity against promastigotes and amastigotes forms of L. amazonensis and the roots extracts showed greater cytotoxic potential in murine macrophages. The crude extracts from Leonotis nepetifolia showed significant activities that relate to the secondary metabolites present in the species mainly polyphenols and flavonoids, performed int this study.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG
ROSA, Carla Pereira. "Estudo da composição química e avaliação da atividade biológica de Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae)". Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2015. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/704.
Texto completo da fonteThe species of Annonaceae family are broadly used in popular medicine for several therapeutic purposes. In this context, this study aimed to perform chemical analysis and evaluate the antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activiteis of hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v), of hydroethanolic fractions and extract ethyl acetate. A obtaining of extract hydroethanolic 70% (v/v) by percolation, of hydroethanolic fractions obtained by chromatography (Sephadex LH-20) and of ethyl acetate extract by maceration. The leaves of Annona crassiflora Mart. were material of choice for this study. Initially, the phytochemical’s screening preliminary was performed by Thin Layer Chromatography, thus the extracts as fractions, it allowing the detection of compounds such as: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolic acids and catechins. Subsequently, the extracts and fractions was analyzed in mass spectrometer, in full scan mode negative and positive, some chemical constituents can been suggest, based in molecular mass and fragmentation mechanisms proposed in the literature such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, procyanidins and alkaloids. Quantitative chemical analyses have showed that phenol contents in the dry extract hydroethanolic 70% (v/v) (262.02 ± 0.20 mg GAE/g) was higher than the concentration obtained in hydroethanolic fractions. The flavonoid levels were also higher in hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v) (27.56 ± 0.40 mg EQ/g). it was observed in the evaluations of antioxidant activity that the pontecial the hydroethanolic fractions and ethyl acetate showed results more significant in regarding the hydroethanolic extract, where in the fractions hydroethanolic FHsdx2: 12-17 showed the best results. The antioxidant activity in vivo was realized by the method of lipid peroxidation, in kidney and liver homogenized, through determination of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid. The administration of the hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v) reduced the lipid peroxidation in liver and kidneys of animals treated. The analysis of antimicrobial activity revealed that the hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v) had lower values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained for Candida albicans (7.81 µg.mL-1), Candida tropicalis (15.62 µg.mL-1), Candida glabrata (3.90 µg.mL-1) and Candida parapsilosis (7.81 µg.mL-1). Candida krusei was more susceptible to hydroethanolic fraction FHsdx2: 70-104, with MIC of 3.90 µg.mL-1. To evaluate the possible effect of Annona crassiflora Mart. species, in diabetic rats, blood glucose levels, concentrations of fructosamine, urea, creatinine, ASL and ALT was determined in serum samples from animals treated with 300mg/kg of hydroethanolic extract 70 % (v/v) of the sheets. These biochemical analyzes was performed by automated apparatus Humanstar 80. Based on the results obtained in this study, the administration of the extract could be evaluated, as the protocol adopted, don’t change the biochemical parameters analyzed in the serum of normal and diabetic rats. The antileishmanial activity was performed using 96-well plates. In leishmanicidal activity, the ethyl acetate extract up showed active against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes forms with IC50 respectively 4.35 µg.mL-1 and 42.50 µg.mL-1. We used the method colorimetric MTT for evaluating the cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate extract front of peritoneal macrophages from Wistar rats. The results showed a reduction of 86% of macrophages. Finally, the results can provide relevant information, not only for studies related to the prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, leishmaniasis and diseases caused by yeast, as well to human ensure and rational use of medicinal plants.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
LEANDRO, Fabrício Damasceno. "Caracterização fitoquímica e avaliação da atividade biológica dos extratos obtidos de Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg". Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2016. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/1133.
Texto completo da fonteFor a long time, the use of medicinal plants was the main therapeutic resource used to treat diseases. There are several reports on the pharmacological properties of Campomanesia xanthocarpa, popularly known as gabiroba. Based on this information, the plant species in question, already used (popularly) as a medicinal plant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, ulcers, antidiarrheal, among other uses, is a promising candidate for such studies. Initially, a preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out by means of qualitative tests of the vegetal drug from the leaves of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg, which detected compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, catechins, triterpenoids, steroids and saponins. In the analysis by CCD was used different developers, analyzing the dry hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves, root and stem of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg. Saponins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, condensed tannins, catechins, triterpenoids and anthocyanidins were detected. The quantitative chemical analysis showed that the dry extract of the stem had the highest content of phenolic compounds (39.3 ± 18c mg EAG), while the leaf extract was the one that showed the highest amount of flavonoids (23.3 ± 2.1 mg EQ). In the analysis of antifungal activity, the stem extract was the most active against the tested yeasts, being effective to almost all of them, highlighting C. glabrata (MIC50 of 3.9) and C. Krusei (MIC50 of 15,625) that presented MIC lower than the fluconazole control. In the antiinflammatory and contraceptive tests, through formalin tests, peritonitis induced by LPS and von Frey filament, showed a possible anti-inflammatory and antinoceptive action of the dry leaf extract. In the Formalin test, there was no significant decrease in lick time only in the extract of 1000 mg / kg when compared to the vehicle group (p <0.05) and in phase II there was a decrease in lick time in all concentrations when compared to the Control group Vehicle. In the LPS-induced peritonitis test, there was a decrease in the leukocyte count of the extracts of 10 and 100 mg / kg when compared to the vehicle + LPS control group, with p <0.05. In the Von Frey filament test, after carrageenan administration there was an increase in the mechanical threshold at all concentrations of extract already in the first hour.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG
Silva, Fabiana Lima. "Contribuição à farmacognosia de Artemisia annua L. e Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae). Acompanhamento da variação de metabólitos secundários em diferentes fases fenológicas, órgãos e extratos vegetais, aspectos botânicos e avaliação da atividade antileishmania in vitro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-18092017-143745/.
Texto completo da fontePlants are potential sources of new antileishmanial drugs. Two well-known antiprotozoal species were selected, from the Asteraceae family, for this study: Artemisia annua L and Bidens pilosa L. Despite the traditional and scientific accumulated knowledge, some aspects were not investigated before and were the subject of this work. Several extracts (infusions and ethanol 96 °GL) and selected fractions from both species were evaluated according to the different parameters, such as: plant organs and/or parts, growth stages and drying state of starting materials (fresh, drug). Fractions were selected among those more active against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Ethanol extracts and their fractions showed a high level of in vitro antileishmanial activity and a low cytotoxicity on epithelial human cells (HEP-2). Qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of extracts and fractions were performed for terpenes, flavonoids and selected markers (artemisinin, quercetin and rutin) in order to characterize them and evaluate variations during the different growth stages. Correlations of the chemical composition and the biological activity were discussed. The main anatomical characters of the aerial parts of A. annua were described for the first time and illustrated by photomicrographs.
Castañeda, Valencia Gloria Maria, e Peñaloza Evelyn Maribel Condori. "Catálogo y estudio farmacognóstico de plantas medicinales del distrito de Llacanora, provincia de Cajamarca, departamento de Cajamarca". Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2010. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2010/castaneda_vg/html/index-frames.html.
Texto completo da fonteLlacanora in the province of Cajamarca is a tourist and typical town in the highlands. There are fertile valleys and beautiful landscapes. However, it´s one of the least populated in the province. Most of people are rural and use traditional medicine to cure their ills, so the consumption of medicinal plants is broad and varied to different diseases. The person who has the traditional knowledge in this place “healer”, is responsible for diagnosing, preparing and give the medicinal plants using traditional local knowledge acquired through their experience. There is no scientific research to save this valuable information and revalue its use, so it is concerning to loose this information over the years because the transmission of knowledge is just oral. This could be harmful because traditional medicine has many species that could be very useful for the search of new therapies and drugs. The main goal of work was collecting and studying the medicinal plants used in the district of Llacanora, as well as selecting the most used. It was done pharmacognostic studies and histological cuts of the drug which helped to determine the chemical constituents. It was possible to put in words a big part of the traditional knowledge and environmental vision of its inhabitants. Also, the data collected from the field and laboratory for later scientific studies can validate the use of traditional medicine in Llacanora. Part of this study was made in base of 58 semi-structured interviews to the healer recognition of the community, as well as the participation in the treatment of patients, and family and community activities. Around 53 plants were collected, herborized and classified using taxonomy methods during some trips to the town, guided by knowledgeable person and members of his family. In the same way, some native species from remote and inaccessible places were supplied by local people. The most quoted botanical families were Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Solanaceae. The most representative secondary metabolites were the phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, steroids and alkaloids
Beraldo, Josseara. "Estudo farmacognóstico de Passiflora edulis Sims. (Passifloraceae)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-14092017-125247/.
Texto completo da fonteThe extracts of Passiflora spp. (Passifloraceae), commonly used in the treatment of several diseases from tropical and subtropical regions, have been proving to be a potential source for the preparation of medicines. Because of theirs sedating properties, popular use of vegetal species belonging to this genus has been found since the 17th century in Europe. Then, after 200 years, early pharmacologic studies with P. incarnata were documented. In Brazil, one species morphologically similar to this one - P. edulis Sims. - has been used as sedative, anxiolytic, diuretic and for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, although this species has been commercially explored in the production of concentrated juices. Researchers have been evaluating the effects of the extract of P. edulis leaves in the central nervous system. Considering its popular use and the lack of scientific research evaluating its effect in the digestive tract, the freeze-dried extract prepared with its leaves and stems was tested in rats. Acute gastric lesions were induced by acidified solution of ethanol. The phytochemical screening and the antioxidant effects evaluation (DPPH, ORAC) have been carried out in order to evaluate the potential use of metabolites found in the extract. The spectrophotometric method was applied in the analyses of flavonoids content. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and UV/ visible methods were used to analyze the flavonoid fractions. Morphoanatomic characterization of leaves and stems of the species was done to applied in the quality control of the crude drug. In the tested model, P. edulis extract did not show its potential gastroprotective property. At this point we can not discard its use to treat gastric ulcers. The flavonoid content quantified in the extract were 1,2%. The freeze¬dried extract presented antioxidant activity, demonstrated with DPPH (EC50 de 160µg/mL) and ORAC (775,35 ± 36,12 µmol eq Trolox/g) methods. The chemical profile of flavonoid fractions showed predominant concentration of flavones. Important morphoanatomic characters of the crude drug were documented.
Ruggiero, Andrea de Andrade. "Estudo farmacognóstico do jambolão Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-27022015-095201/.
Texto completo da fonteSyzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) is a hipoglycemic in folk medicine. Its leaves are also used as anti-ulcer, anti-diarrheic and antihemorrhoid. This work brings macro and microscopic descriptions of the leaves, with photos. Flavonoids, saponins and tannins contents were determinated in the liophylizated hydroethanolic extract and in the drug collected in summer and falI. The volatile oil was analysed. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and the acute toxicity were avaliated . The flavonoids (0.53%-0.62%), saponins (4 .22%-8.64%) and tannins (3.47%-4-15%) showed their highest values in the fall sample. The contents of flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the extract were, 2.19%, 10.92% and 13.97%, respectively. α-pinene, α-terpineol, β and limonene were the major constituents of the oil. The extract showed no signs of acute toxicity nor was it active against bacteria and funghi up to 1,000µg/mL . The extract showed antioxidant activity. These data contribute for a better knowledge of the specie and quality control.