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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Flagella (Microbiology)"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 3 de março de 2023

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1

Kanbe, Masaomi, Jin Yagasaki, Susanne Zehner, Michael Göttfert, and Shin-Ichi Aizawa. "Characterization of Two Sets of Subpolar Flagella in Bradyrhizobium japonicum." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 3 (November 10, 2006): 1083–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01405-06.

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ABSTRACT Bradyrhizobium japonicum is one of the soil bacteria that form nodules on soybean roots. The cell has two sets of flagellar systems, one thick flagellum and a few thin flagella, uniquely growing at subpolar positions. The thick flagellum appears to be semicoiled in morphology, and the thin flagella were in a tight-curly form as observed by dark-field microscopy. Flagellin genes were identified from the amino acid sequence of each flagellin. Flagellar genes for the thick flagellum are scattered into several clusters on the genome, while those genes for the thin flagellum are compactly

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Campodónico, Victoria L., Nicolás J. Llosa, Martha Grout, Gerd Döring, Tomás Maira-Litrán, and Gerald B. Pier. "Evaluation of Flagella and Flagellin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as Vaccines." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 2 (December 7, 2009): 746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00806-09.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious pathogen in hospitalized, immunocompromised, and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. P. aeruginosa is motile via a single polar flagellum made of polymerized flagellin proteins differentiated into two major serotypes: a and b. Antibodies to flagella delay onset of infection in CF patients, but whether immunity to polymeric flagella and that to monomeric flagellin are comparable has not been addressed, nor has the question of whether such antibodies might negatively impact Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) activation, an important component of innate immunity t

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Marathe, Sandhya Amol, Arjun Balakrishnan, Vidya Devi Negi, Deepika Sakorey, Nagasuma Chandra, and Dipshikha Chakravortty. "Curcumin Reduces the Motility of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium by Binding to the Flagella, Thereby Leading to Flagellar Fragility and Shedding." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 13 (April 18, 2016): 1798–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00092-16.

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ABSTRACTOne of the important virulence properties of the pathogen is its ability to travel to a favorable environment, cross the viscous mucus barrier (intestinal barrier for enteric pathogens), and reach the epithelia to initiate pathogenesis with the help of an appendage, like flagella. Nonetheless, flagella can act as an “Achilles heel,” revealing the pathogen's presence to the host through the stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. We assessed whether curcumin, a dietary polyphenol, could alter the motility ofSalmonella, a foodborne pathogen. It reduced the motility ofSalmone

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Iino, T., Tomoko Oguchi, and T. Kuroiwa. "Polymorphism in a Flagellar-shape Mutant of Salmonella typhimurium." Microbiology 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-81-1-37.

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A flagellar-shape mutant, designated ‘polymorphous’, was isolated from a normal flagella strain of Salmonella typhimurium. The mutant produces normal flagella in phase 1 and polymorphous flagella in phase 2. The polymorphous flagella are either straight or possess one of the four distinct wave-forms, namely M, S, N or C, when observed with an electron microscope after negative staining with phosphotungstic acid or uranyl acetate. Conversions between the four wave-forms were found to be brought about mainly by a change in the degree of twisting of longitudinal strands around the axis of a flage

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Bardy, Sonia L., Takahisa Mori, Kaoru Komoriya, Shin-Ichi Aizawa, and Ken F. Jarrell. "Identification and Localization of Flagellins FlaA and FlaB3 within Flagella of Methanococcus voltae." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 19 (October 1, 2002): 5223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.19.5223-5233.2002.

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ABSTRACT Methanococcus voltae possesses four flagellin genes, two of which (flaB1 and flaB2) have previously been reported to encode major components of the flagellar filament. The remaining two flagellin genes, flaA and flaB3, are transcribed at lower levels, and the corresponding proteins remained undetected prior to this work. Electron microscopy examination of flagella isolated by detergent extraction of whole cells revealed a curved, hook-like region of varying length at the end of a long filament. Enrichment of the curved region of the flagella resulted in the identification of FlaB3 by

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6

del Campo, Ana Martínez, Teresa Ballado, Javier de la Mora, Sebastian Poggio, Laura Camarena, and Georges Dreyfus. "Chemotactic Control of the Two Flagellar Systems of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Is Mediated by Different Sets of CheY and FliM Proteins." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 22 (September 21, 2007): 8397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00730-07.

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ABSTRACT Rhodobacter sphaeroides expresses two different flagellar systems, a subpolar flagellum (fla1) and multiple polar flagella (fla2). These structures are encoded by different sets of flagellar genes. The chemotactic control of the subpolar flagellum (fla1) is mediated by three of the six different CheY proteins (CheY6, CheY4, or CheY3). We show evidence that CheY1, CheY2, and CheY5 control the chemotactic behavior mediated by fla2 flagella and that RSP6099 encodes the fla2 FliM protein.

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Rabaan, Ali A., Ioannis Gryllos, Juan M. Tomás, and Jonathan G. Shaw. "Motility and the Polar Flagellum Are Required for Aeromonas caviae Adherence to HEp-2 Cells." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 4257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.7.4257-4267.2001.

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ABSTRACT Aeromonas caviae is increasingly being recognized as a cause of gastroenteritis, especially among the young. The adherence of aeromonads to human epithelial cells in vitro has been correlated with enteropathogenicity, but the mechanism is far from well understood. Initial investigations demonstrated that adherence of A. caviae to HEp-2 cells was significantly reduced by either pretreating bacterial cells with an antipolar flagellin antibody or by pretreating HEp-2 cells with partially purified flagella. To precisely define the role of the polar flagellum in aeromonad adherence, we iso

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Kirov, Sylvia M., Bronwen C. Tassell, Annalese B. T. Semmler, Lisa A. O’Donovan, Ali A. Rabaan, and Jonathan G. Shaw. "Lateral Flagella and Swarming Motility in Aeromonas Species." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.2.547-555.2002.

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ABSTRACT Swarming motility, a flagellum-dependent behavior that allows bacteria to move over solid surfaces, has been implicated in biofilm formation and bacterial virulence. In this study, light and electron microscopic analyses and genetic and functional investigations have shown that at least 50% of Aeromonas isolates from the species most commonly associated with diarrheal illness produce lateral flagella which mediate swarming motility. Aeromonas lateral flagella were optimally produced when bacteria were grown on solid medium for ≈8 h. Transmission and thin-section electron microscopy co

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9

Canals, Rocío, Maria Altarriba, Silvia Vilches, Gavin Horsburgh, Jonathan G. Shaw, Juan M. Tomás, and Susana Merino. "Analysis of the Lateral Flagellar Gene System of Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 3 (February 1, 2006): 852–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.3.852-862.2006.

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ABSTRACT Mesophilic Aeromonas strains express a polar flagellum in all culture conditions, and certain strains produce lateral flagella on semisolid media or on surfaces. Although Aeromonas lateral flagella have been described as a colonization factor, little is known about their organization and expression. Here we characterized the complete lateral flagellar gene cluster of Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3 containing 38 genes, 9 of which (lafA-U) have been reported previously. Among the flgL L and lafA structural genes we found a modification accessory factor gene (maf-5) that is involved in format

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Yen, Jiun Y., Katherine M. Broadway, and Birgit E. Scharf. "Minimum Requirements of Flagellation and Motility for Infection of Agrobacterium sp. Strain H13-3 by Flagellotropic Bacteriophage 7-7-1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 20 (August 3, 2012): 7216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01082-12.

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ABSTRACTThe flagellotropic phage 7-7-1 specifically adsorbs toAgrobacteriumsp. strain H13-3 (formerlyRhizobium lupiniH13-3) flagella for efficient host infection. TheAgrobacteriumsp. H13-3 flagellum is complex and consists of three flagellin proteins: the primary flagellin FlaA, which is essential for motility, and the secondary flagellins FlaB and FlaD, which have minor functions in motility. Using quantitative infectivity assays, we showed that absence of FlaD had no effect on phage infection, while absence of FlaB resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in infectivity. AflaAdeletion strain, which p

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Fedorov, Oleg V., Michael G. Pyatibratov, Alla S. Kostyukova, Natalja K. Osina, and Valery Yu Tarasov. "Protofilament as a structural element of flagella of haloalkalophilic archaebacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-007.

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Flagella of the haloalkalophilic archaebacterium Natronobacterium magadii were purified and characterized. The diameter of the flagella was 10 nm. It was shown that the flagella consist of four major proteins with molecular weights of 105 000, 60 000, 59 000, and 45 000. With decreasing NaCl concentration, the flagella dissociated into protofilaments. The structure of dissociated flagella and individual flagellins was studied by limited proteolysis. It was found that proteolytic cleavage of flagellins in dissociated flagella into high molecular weight fragments (about 40 000) did not lead to p

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12

Garrett, Edward S., Demetra Perlegas, and Daniel J. Wozniak. "Negative Control of Flagellum Synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is Modulated by the Alternative Sigma Factor AlgT (AlgU)." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 23 (December 1, 1999): 7401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.23.7401-7404.1999.

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ABSTRACT Many respiratory isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosafrom cystic fibrosis patients are mucoid (alginate producing) yet lack flagella. It was hypothesized that an alginate regulator inhibits flagellar gene expression. Mutations in algB,algR, and algT resulted in nonmucoid derivatives, yet algT mutants expressed flagella. AlgT-dependent control of flagellum synthesis occurred through inhibition of fliC but not rpoN transcription.

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13

Gray, Victoria L., Michael O'Reilly, Carsten T. Müller, Ian D. Watkins, and David Lloyd. "Low tyrosine content of growth media yields aflagellate Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium." Microbiology 152, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28442-0.

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Identification of Salmonella serotypes is based on flagellar and somatic antigens. The absence of flagella may consequently affect complete identification of the serotype; here it is shown that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium exhibits morphological differences dependent on the peptone constituents of the culture medium. Aflagellate salmonella were produced in certain media where the nutritional ingredient was casein-based peptone or gelatin-based peptone; in gelatin-based peptone, aggregates of salmonella were observed. However, in media containing soy-based peptone as the primary nutr

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14

Tasteyre, Albert, Marie-Claude Barc, Anne Collignon, Helene Boureau, and Tuomo Karjalainen. "Role of FliC and FliD Flagellar Proteins ofClostridium difficile in Adherence and Gut Colonization." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 7937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.12.7937-7940.2001.

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ABSTRACT In vitro and in vivo adhesive properties of flagella and recombinant flagellin FliC and flagellar cap FliD proteins ofClostridium difficile were analyzed. FliC, FliD, and crude flagella adhered in vitro to axenic mouse cecal mucus. Radiolabeled cultured cells bound to a high degree to FliD and weakly to flagella deposited on a membrane. The tissue association in the mouse cecum of a nonflagellated strain was 10-fold lower than that of a flagellated strain belonging to the same serogroup, confirming the role of flagella in adherence.

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Alexandre, Gladys, René Rohr, and René Bally. "A Phase Variant of Azospirillum lipoferum Lacks a Polar Flagellum and Constitutively Expresses Mechanosensing Lateral Flagella." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 4701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4701-4704.1999.

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ABSTRACT Flagellation of a nonswimming variant of the mixed flagellated bacterium Azospirillum lipoferum 4B was characterized by electron microscopy, and polyclonal antibodies were raised against polar and lateral flagellins. The variant cells lacked a polar flagellum due to a defect in flagellin synthesis and constitutively expressed lateral flagella. The variant cells were able to respond to conditions that restricted the rotation of lateral flagella by producing more lateral flagella, suggesting that the lateral flagella, as well as the polar flagellum, are mechanosensing.

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16

Yoon, Sang Sun, and John J. Mekalanos. "Decreased Potency of the Vibrio cholerae Sheathed Flagellum To Trigger Host Innate Immunity." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 3 (January 3, 2008): 1282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00736-07.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is a monoflagellated gram-negative bacterium that causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. In contrast to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, which is accompanied by both acute diarrhea and high-level inflammation, V. cholerae infection is largely noninflammatory in human hosts. Bacterial flagella are composed of flagellin, a highly conserved protein that is also a target of the innate immune response. Because the V. cholerae flagellum is covered by a sheath, we hypothesized that it might be less prone to activation of the innate immune response than

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Kim, Yun-Kyeong, and Linda L. McCarter. "Analysis of the Polar Flagellar Gene System ofVibrio parahaemolyticus." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 13 (July 1, 2000): 3693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.13.3693-3704.2000.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus has dual flagellar systems adapted for locomotion under different circumstances. A single, sheathed polar flagellum propels the swimmer cell in liquid environments. Numerous unsheathed lateral flagella move the swarmer cell over surfaces. The polar flagellum is produced continuously, whereas the synthesis of lateral flagella is induced under conditions that impede the function of the polar flagellum, e.g., in viscous environments or on surfaces. Thus, the organism possesses two large gene networks that orchestrate polar and lateral flagellar gene expression and

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Filip’echeva, Yulia A., Andrei V. Shelud’ko, Alexei G. Prilipov, Gennady L. Burygin, Elizaveta M. Telesheva, Stella S. Yevstigneyeva, Marina P. Chernyshova, Lilia P. Petrova, and Elena I. Katsy. "Plasmid AZOBR_p1-borne fabG gene for putative 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase is essential for proper assembly and work of the dual flagellar system in the alphaproteobacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp245." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 2 (February 2018): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0561.

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Azospirillum brasilense can swim and swarm owing to the activity of a constitutive polar flagellum (Fla) and inducible lateral flagella (Laf), respectively. Experimental data on the regulation of the Fla and Laf assembly in azospirilla are scarce. Here, the coding sequence (CDS) AZOBR_p1160043 (fabG1) for a putative 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein (ACP)] reductase was found essential for the construction of both types of flagella. In an immotile leaky Fla− Laf− fabG1::Omegon-Km mutant, Sp245.1610, defects in flagellation and motility were fully complemented by expressing the CDS AZOBR_p1160043

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Kirov, Sylvia M., Marika Castrisios, and Jonathan G. Shaw. "Aeromonas Flagella (Polar and Lateral) Are Enterocyte Adhesins That Contribute to Biofilm Formation on Surfaces." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 4 (April 2004): 1939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.4.1939-1945.2004.

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ABSTRACT Aeromonas spp. (gram-negative, aquatic bacteria which include enteropathogenic strains) have two distinct flagellar systems, namely a polar flagellum for swimming in liquid and multiple lateral flagella for swarming over surfaces. Only ∼60% of mesophilic strains can produce lateral flagella. To evaluate flagellar contributions to Aeromonas intestinal colonization, we compared polar and lateral flagellar mutant strains of a diarrheal isolate of Aeromonas caviae for the ability to adhere to the intestinal cell lines Henle 407 and Caco-2, which have the characteristic features of human i

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Konishi, Manabu, Masaomi Kanbe, Jonathan L. McMurry, and Shin-Ichi Aizawa. "Flagellar Formation in C-Ring-Defective Mutants by Overproduction of FliI, the ATPase Specific for Flagellar Type III Secretion." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 19 (July 31, 2009): 6186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00601-09.

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ABSTRACT The flagellar cytoplasmic ring (C ring), which consists of three proteins, FliG, FliM, and FliN, is located on the cytoplasmic side of the flagellum. The C ring is a multifunctional structure necessary for flagellar protein secretion, torque generation, and switching of the rotational direction of the motor. The deletion of any one of the fliG, fliM, and fliN genes results in a Fla− phenotype. Here, we show that the overproduction of the flagellum-specific ATPase FliI overcomes the inability of basal bodies with partial C-ring structures to produce complete flagella. Flagella made upo

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Poggio, Sebastian, Cei Abreu-Goodger, Salvador Fabela, Aurora Osorio, Georges Dreyfus, Pablo Vinuesa, and Laura Camarena. "A Complete Set of Flagellar Genes Acquired by Horizontal Transfer Coexists with the Endogenous Flagellar System in Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 8 (February 9, 2007): 3208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01681-06.

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ABSTRACT Bacteria swim in liquid environments by means of a complex rotating structure known as the flagellum. Approximately 40 proteins are required for the assembly and functionality of this structure. Rhodobacter sphaeroides has two flagellar systems. One of these systems has been shown to be functional and is required for the synthesis of the well-characterized single subpolar flagellum, while the other was found only after the genome sequence of this bacterium was completed. In this work we found that the second flagellar system of R. sphaeroides can be expressed and produces a functional

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Parthasarathy, G., Y. Yao, and K. S. Kim. "Flagella Promote Escherichia coli K1 Association with and Invasion of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 6 (March 19, 2007): 2937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01543-06.

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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli containing the K1 capsule is the leading cause of gram-negative meningitis, but the pathogenesis of this disease is not completely understood. Recent microarray experiments in which we compared the gene expression profile of E. coli K1 associated with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) to the gene expression profile of E. coli K1 not associated with HBMEC revealed that there was a threefold increase in the expression of the fliI gene, encoding an ATP synthase involved in flagellar synthesis and motility, in HBMEC-associated E. coli. In this study, we

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Sterzenbach, Torsten, Lucie Bartonickova, Wiebke Behrens, Birgit Brenneke, Jessika Schulze, Friederike Kops, Elaine Y. Chin, et al. "Role of the Helicobacter hepaticus Flagellar Sigma Factor FliA in Gene Regulation and Murine Colonization." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 19 (August 8, 2008): 6398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00626-08.

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ABSTRACT The enterohepatic Helicobacter species Helicobacter hepaticus colonizes the murine intestinal and hepatobiliary tract and is associated with chronic intestinal inflammation, gall stone formation, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus far, the role of H. hepaticus motility and flagella in intestinal colonization is unknown. In other, closely related bacteria, late flagellar genes are mainly regulated by the sigma factor FliA (σ28). We investigated the function of the H. hepaticus FliA in gene regulation, flagellar biosynthesis, motility, and murine colonization. Competitive mic

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Redondo-Nieto, Miguel, Javier Lloret, Javiera Larenas, Emma Barahona, Ana Navazo, Francisco Martínez-Granero, Silvia Capdevila, Rafael Rivilla, and Marta Martín. "Transcriptional Organization of the Region Encoding the Synthesis of the Flagellar Filament in Pseudomonas fluorescens." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 11 (March 28, 2008): 4106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00178-08.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 is motile by means of type b flagella. Analysis of the region encoding the synthesis of the flagellar filament has shown a transcriptional organization different from that of type a flagella. Additionally to the promoters driving fliC, fliD, and fleQ expression, we have found promoters upstream of the flaG gene and the fliST operon. These promoters were functional in vivo. Both promoters have been mapped and appear to be dependent on the vegetative sigma factor and independent of FleQ, the master regulator of flagellum synthesis.

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Senesi, Sonia, Emilia Ghelardi, Francesco Celandroni, Sara Salvetti, Eva Parisio, and Alessandro Galizzi. "Surface-Associated Flagellum Formation and Swarming Differentiation in Bacillus subtilis Are Controlled by the ifm Locus." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 4 (February 15, 2004): 1158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.4.1158-1164.2004.

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ABSTRACT Knowledge of the highly regulated processes governing the production of flagella in Bacillus subtilis is the result of several observations obtained from growing this microorganism in liquid cultures. No information is available regarding the regulation of flagellar formation in B. subtilis in response to contact with a solid surface. One of the best-characterized responses of flagellated eubacteria to surfaces is swarming motility, a coordinate cell differentiation process that allows collective movement of bacteria over solid substrates. This study describes the swarming ability of

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Shapiro, Jessica, Jessica Ingram, and Karl A. Johnson. "Characterization of a Molecular Chaperone Present in the Eukaryotic Flagellum." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 9 (September 2005): 1591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.9.1591-1594.2005.

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ABSTRACT Chlamydomonas flagella contain a molecular chaperone now identified as HSP70A, a major cytoplasmic isoform. HSP70A synthesis is upregulated by deflagellation, and its distribution in the flagellum overlaps with the IFT kinesin-II motor FLA10. HSP70A may chaperone flagellar proteins during transport, participating in the assembly and maintenance of the flagellum.

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Li, Chunhao, Melanie Sal, Michael Marko, and Nyles W. Charon. "Differential Regulation of the Multiple Flagellins in Spirochetes." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 10 (March 19, 2010): 2596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01502-09.

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ABSTRACT The expression of flagellin genes in most bacteria is typically regulated by the flagellum-specific sigma28 factor FliA, and an anti-sigma28 factor, FlgM. However, the regulatory hierarchy in several bacteria that have multiple flagellins is more complex. In these bacteria, the flagellin genes are often transcribed by at least two different sigma factors. The flagellar filament in spirochetes consists of one to three FlaB core proteins and at least one FlaA sheath protein. Here, the genetically amenable bacterium Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was used as a model spirochete to investigate

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Lane, M. Chelsea, Virginia Lockatell, Greta Monterosso, Daniel Lamphier, Julia Weinert, J. Richard Hebel, David E. Johnson, and Harry L. T. Mobley. "Role of Motility in the Colonization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the Urinary Tract." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 11 (November 2005): 7644–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.11.7644-7656.2005.

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ABSTRACT Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. Flagellum-mediated motility and chemotaxis have been suggested to contribute to virulence by enabling UPEC to escape host immune responses and disperse to new sites within the urinary tract. To evaluate their contribution to virulence, six separate flagellar mutations were constructed in UPEC strain CFT073. The mutants constructed were shown to have four different flagellar phenotypes: fliA and fliC mutants do not produce flagella; the flgM mutant has similar levels of extracellu

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de la Mora, Javier, Kaoru Uchida, Ana Martínez del Campo, Laura Camarena, Shin-Ichi Aizawa, and Georges Dreyfus. "Structural Characterization of the Fla2 Flagellum of Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 17 (June 29, 2015): 2859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00170-15.

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ABSTRACTRhodobacter sphaeroidesis a free-living alphaproteobacterium that contains two clusters of functional flagellar genes in its genome: one acquired by horizontal gene transfer (fla1) and one that is endogenous (fla2). We have shown that the Fla2 system is normally quiescent and under certain conditions produces polar flagella, while the Fla1 system is always active and produces a single flagellum at a nonpolar position. In this work we purified and characterized the structure and analyzed the composition of the Fla2 flagellum. The number of polar filaments per cell is 4.6 on average. By

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Kanbe, M., S. Shibata, Y. Umino, U. Jenal, and S. I. Aizawa. "Protease susceptibility of the Caulobacter crescentus flagellar hook–basal body: a possible mechanism of flagellar ejection during cell differentiation." Microbiology 151, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27386-0.

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When motile swarmer cells of Caulobacter crescentus differentiate into sessile stalked cells, the flagellum is ejected. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the flagellar ejection, flagellar hook–basal body (HBB) complexes from C. crescentus were purified and characterized. The purified HBBs were less stable against acidic pH or protease treatment than HBBs of Salmonella typhimurium, supporting the view that flagellar ejection from C. crescentus is initiated by destruction of the fragile basal structures. In addition, protease treatment of the purified flagella resulted in the specific dige

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Murray, Thomas S., and Barbara I. Kazmierczak. "FlhF Is Required for Swimming and Swarming in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 19 (October 1, 2006): 6995–7004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00790-06.

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ABSTRACT FlhF is a signal recognition particle-like protein present in monotrichous bacteria. The loss of FlhF in various bacteria results in decreased transcription of class II, III, or IV flagellar genes, leads to diminished or absent motility, and results in the assembly of flagella at nonpolar locations on the cell surface. In this work, we demonstrate that the loss of FlhF results in defective swimming and swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The FlhF protein localizes to the flagellar pole; in the absence of FlhF, flagellar assembly occurs but is no longer restricted to the pole.

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González, Yael, Laura Camarena, and Georges Dreyfus. "Induction of the lateral flagellar system of Vibrio shilonii is an early event after inhibition of the sodium ion flux in the polar flagellum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 3 (March 2015): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0579.

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In this study, we show the induction of lateral flagella by the action of the sodium channel blocker phenamil, in the marine bacterium Vibrio shilonii, a coral pathogen that causes bleaching. We analyzed the growth and morphology of cells treated with phenamil. A time course analysis showed that after 30 min of exposure to the sodium channel blocker, lateral flagella were present and could be detected by electron microscopy. Detection of the mRNA of the master regulator (lafK) and lateral flagellin (lafA) by RT–PCR confirmed the expression of lateral flagellar genes. We show the simultaneous i

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Inglis, Timothy J. J., Terry Robertson, Donald E. Woods, Nichole Dutton, and Barbara J. Chang. "Flagellum-Mediated Adhesion by Burkholderia pseudomallei Precedes Invasion of Acanthamoeba astronyxis." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 4 (April 2003): 2280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.4.2280-2282.2003.

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ABSTRACT In this study we investigated the role of the bacterial flagellum in Burkholderia pseudomallei entry to Acanthamoeba astronyxis trophozoites. B. pseudomallei cells were tethered to the external amoebic surface via their flagella. MM35, the flagellum-lacking fliC knockout derivative of B. pseudomallei NCTC 1026b did not demonstrate flagellum-mediated endocytosis in timed coculture, confirming that an intact flagellar apparatus assists B. pseudomallei entry into A. astronyxis.

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Rementeria, A., A. B. Vivanco, A. Ramirez, F. L. Hernando, J. Bikandi, S. Herrera-León, A. Echeita, and J. Garaizar. "Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Directed against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Serovar [4,5,12:i:−]." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 5 (January 5, 2009): 1345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01597-08.

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ABSTRACT Flagellar extracts of Salmonella enterica serovars expressing phase 2 H1 antigenic complex (H:1,2, H:1,5, H:1,6, and H:1,7) and a mutant flagellin obtained by site-directed mutagenesis of the fljB gene from serovar Typhimurium at codon 218, transforming threonine to alanine, expressed in Escherichia coli (fljB218 A ) were used to analyze the H1 antigenic complex. Cross-reactions were detected by Western blotting and dot blotting using commercial polyclonal antibodies against the different wild-type extracts and mutant FljB218A. Therefore, we produced a monoclonal antibody (MAb), 23D4,

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Tuson, Hannah H., Matthew F. Copeland, Sonia Carey, Ryan Sacotte, and Douglas B. Weibel. "Flagellum Density Regulates Proteus mirabilis Swarmer Cell Motility in Viscous Environments." Journal of Bacteriology 195, no. 2 (November 9, 2012): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01537-12.

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ABSTRACTProteus mirabilisis an opportunistic pathogen that is frequently associated with urinary tract infections. In the lab,P. mirabiliscells become long and multinucleate and increase their number of flagella as they colonize agar surfaces during swarming. Swarming has been implicated in pathogenesis; however, it is unclear how energetically costly changes inP. mirabiliscell morphology translate into an advantage for adapting to environmental changes. We investigated two morphological changes that occur during swarming—increases in cell length and flagellum density—and discovered that an in

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Sal, Melanie S., Chunhao Li, M. A. Motalab, Satoshi Shibata, Shin-Ichi Aizawa, and Nyles W. Charon. "Borrelia burgdorferi Uniquely Regulates Its Motility Genes and Has an Intricate Flagellar Hook-Basal Body Structure." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 6 (January 11, 2008): 1912–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01421-07.

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ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi is a flat-wave, motile spirochete that causes Lyme disease. Motility is provided by periplasmic flagella (PFs) located between the cell cylinder and an outer membrane sheath. The structure of these PFs, which are composed of a basal body, a hook, and a filament, is similar to the structure of flagella of other bacteria. To determine if hook formation influences flagellin gene transcription in B. burgdorferi, we inactivated the hook structural gene flgE by targeted mutagenesis. In many bacteria, completion of the hook structure serves as a checkpoint for transcript

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Tomich, Mladen, Christine A. Herfst, Joseph W. Golden, and Christian D. Mohr. "Role of Flagella in Host Cell Invasion by Burkholderia cepacia." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 4 (April 2002): 1799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.4.1799-1806.2002.

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ABSTRACT Burkholderia cepacia is an important opportunistic human pathogen that affects immunocompromised individuals, particularly cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Colonization of the lungs of a CF patient by B. cepacia can lead not only to a decline in respiratory function but also to an acute systemic infection, such as bacteremia. We have previously demonstrated that a CF clinical isolate of B. cepacia, strain J2315, can invade and survive within cultured respiratory epithelial cells. In order to further characterize the mechanisms of invasion of B. cepacia, we screened a transposon-generate

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Tripepi, Manuela, Saheed Imam, and Mechthild Pohlschröder. "Haloferax volcanii Flagella Are Required for Motility but Are Not Involved in PibD-Dependent Surface Adhesion." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 12 (April 2, 2010): 3093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00133-10.

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ABSTRACT Although the genome of Haloferax volcanii contains genes (flgA1-flgA2) that encode flagellins and others that encode proteins involved in flagellar assembly, previous reports have concluded that H. volcanii is nonmotile. Contrary to these reports, we have now identified conditions under which H. volcanii is motile. Moreover, we have determined that an H. volcanii deletion mutant lacking flagellin genes is not motile. However, unlike flagella characterized in other prokaryotes, including other archaea, the H. volcanii flagella do not appear to play a significant role in surface adhesio

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Murat, Dorothée, Marion Hérisse, Leon Espinosa, Alicia Bossa, François Alberto, and Long-Fei Wu. "Opposite and Coordinated Rotation of Amphitrichous Flagella Governs Oriented Swimming and Reversals in a Magnetotactic Spirillum." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 20 (August 3, 2015): 3275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00172-15.

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ABSTRACTCurrent knowledge regarding the mechanism that governs flagellar motor rotation in response to environmental stimuli stems mainly from the study of monotrichous and peritrichous bacteria. Little is known about how two polar flagella, one at each cell pole of the so-called amphitrichous bacterium, are coordinated to steer the swimming. Here we fluorescently labeled the flagella ofMagnetospirillum magneticumAMB-1 cells and took advantage of the magnetically controllable swimming of this bacterium to investigate flagellar rotation in moving cells. We identified three motility behaviors (r

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Shelswell, Kristopher J., Terumi A. Taylor, and J. Thomas Beatty. "Photoresponsive Flagellum-Independent Motility of the Purple Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 14 (July 2005): 5040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.14.5040-5043.2005.

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ABSTRACT We report the discovery of photoresponsive, flagellum-independent motility of the α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus, a nonsulfur purple phototrophic bacterium. This motility takes place in the 1.5% agar-glass interface of petri plates but not in soft agar, and cells move toward a light source. The appearances of motility assay plates inoculated with wild-type or flagellum-deficient mutants indicate differential contributions from flagellar and flagellum-independent mechanisms. Electron microscopy confirmed the absence of flagella in flagellar mutants and revealed the presence o

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Grünenfelder, Björn, Stefanie Gehrig, and Urs Jenal. "Role of the Cytoplasmic C Terminus of the FliF Motor Protein in Flagellar Assembly and Rotation." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 5 (March 1, 2003): 1624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.5.1624-1633.2003.

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ABSTRACT Twenty-six FliF monomers assemble into the MS ring, a central motor component of the bacterial flagellum that anchors the structure in the inner membrane. Approximately 100 amino acids at the C terminus of FliF are exposed to the cytoplasm and, through the interaction with the FliG switch protein, a component of the flagellar C ring, are essential for the assembly of the motor. In this study, we have dissected the entire cytoplasmic C terminus of the Caulobacter crescentus FliF protein by high-resolution mutational analysis and studied the mutant forms with regard to the assembly, che

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Nohýnková, Eva, Pavla Tůmová, and Jaroslav Kulda. "Cell Division of Giardia intestinalis: Flagellar Developmental Cycle Involves Transformation and Exchange of Flagella between Mastigonts of a Diplomonad Cell." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 4 (April 2006): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.5.4.753-761.2006.

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ABSTRACT Giardia intestinalis is a binucleated diplomonad possessing four pairs of flagella of distinct location and function. Its pathogenic potential depends on the integrity of a complex microtubular cytoskeleton that undergoes a profound but poorly understood reorganization during cell division. We examined the cell division of G. intestinalis with the aid of light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence methods and present here new observations on the reorganization of the flagellar apparatus in the dividing Giardia. Our results demonstrated the presence of a flagellar maturation p

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Sampaio, Suely C. F., Wilson B. Luiz, Mônica A. M. Vieira, Rita C. C. Ferreira, Bruna G. Garcia, Rita Sinigaglia-Coimbra, Jorge L. M. Sampaio, Luís C. S. Ferreira, and Tânia A. T. Gomes. "Flagellar Cap Protein FliD Mediates Adherence of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to Enterocyte Microvilli." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 4 (February 1, 2016): 1112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01001-15.

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The expression of flagella correlates with different aspects of bacterial pathogenicity, ranging from adherence to host cells to activation of inflammatory responses by the innate immune system. In the present study, we investigated the role of flagella in the adherence of an atypical enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(aEPEC) strain (serotype O51:H40) to human enterocytes. Accordingly, isogenic mutants deficient in flagellin (FliC), the flagellar structural subunit; the flagellar cap protein (FliD); or the MotAB proteins, involved in the control of flagellar motion, were generated and tested for

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Boesger, Jens, Volker Wagner, Wolfram Weisheit, and Maria Mittag. "Analysis of Flagellar Phosphoproteins from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 7 (May 8, 2009): 922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00067-09.

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ABSTRACT Cilia and flagella are cell organelles that are highly conserved throughout evolution. For many years, the green biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has served as a model for examination of the structure and function of its flagella, which are similar to certain mammalian cilia. Proteome analysis revealed the presence of several kinases and protein phosphatases in these organelles. Reversible protein phosphorylation can control ciliary beating, motility, signaling, length, and assembly. Despite the importance of this posttranslational modification, the identities of many cilia

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Stafford, Graham P., Tomoo Ogi, and Colin Hughes. "Binding and transcriptional activation of non-flagellar genes by the Escherichia coli flagellar master regulator FlhD2C2." Microbiology 151, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27879-0.

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The gene hierarchy directing biogenesis of peritrichous flagella on the surface of Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria is controlled by the heterotetrameric master transcriptional regulator FlhD2C2. To assess the extent to which FlhD2C2 directly activates promoters of a wider regulon, a computational screen of the E. coli genome was used to search for gene-proximal DNA sequences similar to the 42–44 bp inverted repeat FlhD2C2 binding consensus. This identified the binding sequences upstream of all eight flagella class II operons, and also putative novel FlhD2C2 binding sites in the promo

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Jagannathan, Aparna, Chrystala Constantinidou, and Charles W. Penn. "Roles of rpoN, fliA,and flgR in Expression of Flagella inCampylobacter jejuni." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 2937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.9.2937-2942.2001.

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ABSTRACT Three potential regulators of flagellar expression present in the genome sequence of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168, the genes rpoN, flgR, andfliA, which encode the alternative sigma factor ς54, the ς54-associated transcriptional activator FlgR, and the flagellar sigma factor ς28, respectively, were investigated for their role in global regulation of flagellar expression. The three genes were insertionally inactivated inC. jejuni strains NCTC 11168 and NCTC 11828. Electron microscopic studies of the wild-type and mutant strains showed that therpoN and flgR mutants were nonflagellate

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Ciacci-Woolwine, Federica, Patrick F. McDermott, and Steven B. Mizel. "Induction of Cytokine Synthesis by Flagella from Gram-Negative Bacteria May Be Dependent on the Activation or Differentiation State of Human Monocytes." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 5176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.10.5176-5185.1999.

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ABSTRACT We have previously demonstrated that salmonellae, but notEscherichia coli or Yersinia enterocolitica, stimulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production in the human promonocytic cell line U38. Subsequent analysis revealed that the TNFα-inducing activity of salmonellae was associated with flagellin, a major component of flagella from gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, we have explored the basis for the apparent specificity of action of Salmonella flagella on TNFα expression in U38 cells and have extended this analysis to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

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Martinez, Raquel M., Madushini N. Dharmasena, Thomas J. Kirn, and Ronald K. Taylor. "Characterization of Two Outer Membrane Proteins, FlgO and FlgP, That Influence Vibrio cholerae Motility." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 18 (July 10, 2009): 5669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00632-09.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is highly motile by the action of a single polar flagellum. The loss of motility reduces the infectivity of V. cholerae, demonstrating that motility is an important virulence factor. FlrC is the sigma-54-dependent positive regulator of flagellar genes. Recently, the genes VC2206 (flgP) and VC2207 (flgO) were identified as being regulated by FlrC via a microarray analysis of an flrC mutant (D. C. Morris, F. Peng, J. R. Barker, and K. E. Klose, J. Bacteriol. 190:231-239, 2008). FlgP is reported to be an outer membrane lipoprotein required for motility that functions as a

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Haya, Shohei, Yuya Tokumaru, Naoki Abe, Jun Kaneko, and Shin-ichi Aizawa. "Characterization of Lateral Flagella of Selenomonas ruminantium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 8 (February 18, 2011): 2799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00286-11.

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ABSTRACTSelenomonas ruminantiumproduces a tuft of flagella near the midpoint of the cell body and swims by rotating the cell body along the cell's long axis. The flagellum is composed of a single kind of flagellin, which is heavily glycosylated. The hook length ofS. ruminantiumis almost double that ofSalmonella.

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Albert-Weissenberger, Christiane, Tobias Sahr, Odile Sismeiro, Jörg Hacker, Klaus Heuner, and Carmen Buchrieser. "Control of Flagellar Gene Regulation in Legionella pneumophila and Its Relation to Growth Phase." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 2 (November 13, 2009): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00610-09.

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ABSTRACT The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila responds to environmental changes by differentiation. At least two forms are well described: replicative bacteria are avirulent; in contrast, transmissive bacteria express virulence traits and flagella. Phenotypic analysis, Western blotting, and electron microscopy of mutants of the regulatory genes encoding RpoN, FleQ, FleR, and FliA demonstrated that flagellin expression is strongly repressed and that the mutants are nonflagellated in the transmissive phase. Transcriptome analyses elucidated that RpoN, together with FleQ, enhances transc

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