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Pauly, Daniel, Ma Lourdes Palomares, Rainer Froese, et al. "Fishing down Canadian aquatic food webs." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 1 (2001): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-193.
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The mean trophic level (TL) of fish landed in fisheries on the east and west coasts of Canada is declining by 0.030.10·decade1, similar to global trends. This finding is based on data from United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans and other Canadian sources for the period 18731997. Significant rates of decline in mean TL were obtained even when key species Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on the east coast and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) and Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) on the west coast were omitted from the analysis. Fish taken in inland water fisheries did not exhibit a decline in mean TL. Two models were developed, based on length and age, respectively, for correcting TL estimates of individual species for the effects of changes in body size due to changes in fishing mortality. Both produced corrections that were small relative to changes in mean TL that resulted from changes in species composition of the catch over time. Overall, these results suggest that the mean TL of fish landed can be used as an index of sustainability in multispecies fisheries and that its reliability will depend on the quality of the data and length of the time series available for analysis.
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Corbin, John S. "Marine Aquaculture: Today's Necessity for Tomorrow's Seafood." Marine Technology Society Journal 41, no. 3 (2007): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442150.
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Aquaculture is the fastest growing segment of the global food production sector, valued at $70.3 billion in 2004. In recent years, global capture fisheries have leveled off at around 95 mmt per year, with little or no prospect of increasing yields. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (UNFAO) has concluded that increases in future seafood supplies must come from aquatic farming. The United States (U.S.) industry has been among the fastest growing agriculture sectors. Domestic seafood from capture and culture fisheries provides about 20% of annual consumption, the balance coming from imports. Future supply will come from either increasing imports or, preferably, expanding domestic aquaculture and fisheries sources. The greatest opportunity for domestic growth is marine aquaculture, particularly placement of large and small farms in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Additional benefits can accrue if large-scale marine hatchery technology is developed, so that fingerlings can be produced for wild stock enhancement and management. Currently, there is no permitting and leasing regime for ocean farming in the U.S. EEZ. In response to several national commissions, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC) is spearheading a bold effort to implement long-term marine aquaculture development objectives and create an EEZ permitting and leasing mechanism. Enabling legislation, entitled the National Offshore Aquaculture Act of 2007, is before Congress. Anchoring fish farms in the relatively shallow near shore and the EEZ is an exciting prospect for greater U.S. seafood self-sufficiency. However, there are many institutional, environmental and technical issues to resolve. More compelling is the prospect of developing new marine aquaculture technologies, e.g., single-point moorings, untethered cages, and integrated multi-trophic systems, to sustainably utilize the deep ocean beyond the EEZ. Successfully tackling this looming challenge will need the diverse expertise of the U.S. marine technology industry.
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Khiem, Nguyen Minh, Yuki Takahashi, Hiroki Yasuma, Khuu Thi Phuong Dong, Tran Ngoc Hai, and Nobuo Kimura. "A novel machine learning approach to predict the export price of seafood products based on competitive information: The case of the export of Vietnamese shrimp to the US market." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (2022): e0275290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275290.
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Predicting the export price of shrimp is important for Vietnam’s fisheries. It not only promotes product quality but also helps policy makers determine strategies to develop the national shrimp industry. Competition in global markets is considered to be an important factor, one that significantly influences price. In this study, we predicted trends in the export price of Vietnamese shrimp based on competitive information from six leading exporters (China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Ecuador, and Chile) who, alongside Vietnam, also export shrimp to the US. The prediction was based on a dataset collected from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) (May-1995 to May-2019) that included price, required farming certificates, and disease outbreak data. A super learner technique, which combined 10 single algorithms, was used to make predictions in selected base periods (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). It was found that the super learner obtained results in all base periods that were more accurate and stable than any candidate algorithms. The impacts of variables in the predictive model were interpreted by a SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to determine their influence on the price of Vietnamese exports. The price of Indian, Thai, and Chinese exports highlighted the advantages of being a World Trade Organization member and the disadvantages of the prevalence of shrimp disease in Vietnam, which has had a significant impact on the Vietnamese shrimp export price.
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Biester, E. "Review of the state of world fishery resources. By: Marine Resources Service, Fishery Resources and Environment Division, Fisheries Department = FAO Fisheries Circular No 710, Revision 5.-64 pp., 19 tabs., 1 fig. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1987." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 74, no. 4 (1989): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19890740424.
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Clodoveo, Maria Lisa. "Special Issue “Innovations in the Food System: Exploring the Future of Food”." Foods 11, no. 15 (2022): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152183.
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The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2018 provided a definition of “food systems” highlighting that they “encompass the entire range of actors and their interlinked value-adding activities involved in the production, aggregation, processing, distribution, consumption, and disposal of food products that originate from agriculture, forestry or fisheries, and food industries, and the broader economic, societal and natural environments in which they are embedded” [...]
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Moore, Rod, and Julie Roberts Furgerson. "United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization: International Guidelines On Deep Sea Fisheries." International Legal Materials 47, no. 6 (2008): 994–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900005714.
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Jamieson, B. G. "Agricultural research in the United Kingdom. Present structures of the Agricultural and Food Research Council." Journal of Agricultural Science 113, no. 2 (1989): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600086676.
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There have been considerable changes during the last ten years in the ways in which agricultural research is organized in many countries. These changes are of interest to our readers and for this reason the Editors have invited the Agricultural and Food Research Council of the United Kingdom to explain present structures within that organization. The Agricultural and Food Research Council receives funds for research directly from the Department of Education and Science (c. £54 million per year) and through commissions from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (c. £44 million) as well as from commercial and other organizations (c. £13 million). It advises the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, which is the body responsible for the Scottish agricultural research institutes (spending c. £22 million per year), on scientific aspects of the research they finance and also provides support to universities and other educational establishments for the support of scientific studies relevant to agriculture and food.
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Nakamura, Julia N. "Legal Reflections on the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines: Building a Global Safety Net for Small-Scale Fisheries." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 37, no. 1 (2022): 31–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10081.
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Abstract The Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication, endorsed by the Committee on Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2014, heightened the recognition and protection of small-scale fisheries globally. The guidelines are voluntary and non-binding, but does this mean they have no normative significance or legal force? Based on international legal theories of soft law, this article explores the legal status of the guidelines and argues that the guidelines have normative significance and legal force for three main reasons: (i) the legitimate process of development and adoption of the guidelines; (ii) the normative content of the provisions; and (iii) their law-making effects at various levels of governance. The guidelines contribute to building a global safety net for small-scale fisheries, which should continue to improve and expand thus securing the sector’s sustainability worldwide.
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Copetti, Leonardo Sangoi, and Daniel Arruda Coronel. "Competitividade das exportações brasileiras e indianas de algodão." Revista Brasileira de Administração Científica 9, no. 3 (2019): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-684x.2018.003.0003.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a competitividade das exportações brasileiras no mercado mundial do algodão, entre 2000 a 2017, em comparação ao maior produtor e segundo maior exportador mundial, a Índia. Os dados foram coletados no site do USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), do UN COMTRADE (United Nations Comtrade), da FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) e da WTO (World Trade Organization). A metodologia empregada baseou-se no Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada Simétrica (VCRS), na Razão de Concentração (CR), e no Índice de Orientação Regional (IOR). Os resultados revelaram que tanto o Brasil quanto a Índia apresentaram vantagens comparativas para o algodão a partir de 2004. Em relação à CR, o Brasil apresentou concentração e a Índia desconcentração das exportações. O IOR indicou orientação das exportações de algodão do Brasil à Indonésia, ao Vietnã e à Turquia. Já o IOR da Índia apresentou orientação das exportações de algodão para Bangladesh, Vietnã e Paquistão.
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Copetti, Leonardo Sangoi, and Daniel Arruda Coronel. "Competitividade das exportações brasileiras e colombianas de café." DRd - Desenvolvimento Regional em debate 9 (October 29, 2019): 646–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24302/drd.v9i0.2218.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a competitividade das exportações brasileiras no mercado mundial do café, entre 2000 a 2018, em comparação ao terceiro produtor e exportador mundial, a Colômbia. Os dados foram coletados no site do USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), do UN COMTRADE (United Nations Comtrade), da FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) e da WTO (World Trade Organization). A metodologia empregada baseou-se no Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada Simétrica (VCRS), na Razão de Concentração (CR), e no Índice de Orientação Regional (IOR). Os resultados revelaram que tanto o Brasil quanto a Colômbia apresentaram vantagens comparativas para o café. Em relação à CR, o Brasil apresentou concentração e a Colômbia, desconcentração das exportações. O IOR indicou orientação das exportações de café do Brasil à Alemanha, à Itália, e aos Estados Unidos. Já o IOR da Colômbia apresentou orientação das exportações de café aos Estados Unidos, à Alemanha e ao Japão.
 Palavras-Chave: Café. Competitividade. Exportações. Comércio Internacional.
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Caspers, H. "Fao Documentation: Fisheries 1979–1983.—175 pp. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1984." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 71, no. 6 (1986): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19860710636.
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Schubert, Aidan, Wanja Nyingi, Paul Tuda, et al. "Reconstructing Kenya's total freshwater fisheries catches: 1950–2017." Marine and Freshwater Research 73, no. 1 (2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf21189.
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Most freshwater fisheries occur in developing countries, where freshwater fish underpin local food security and small-scale fisheries livelihoods. Comprehensive catch data are fundamental to support the sustainable management of freshwater fisheries. However, freshwater catch data reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on behalf of countries under-represent freshwater fisheries because they are dominated by fragmented and highly dispersed small-scale sectors, often with no designated landing sites. Kenya is an emerging economy with socioeconomically important freshwater fisheries and ongoing food security concerns. We undertook a reconstruction of freshwater fisheries catch data for Kenya for the period 1950–2017, aiming to improve the comprehensiveness of existing reported baseline data and to provide a more ecologically and spatially relevant time series dataset for research and management uses. We reconstructed catches for 16 major waterbodies in Kenya and found catches to be 32% higher than the data reported by the FAO on behalf of the country. The subsistence sector (small-scale, non-commercial, personal consumption) accounted for 71% of unreported catches, compared with 29% for artisanal sector catches (small-scale, commercial), suggesting that non-commercial catches for direct local consumption are substantially under-represented in nationally reported statistics and should receive greater attention to support sustainable food security in Kenya.
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Alakoz, V. V. "Land policy and land reforms in 1990-2024 taking into account the orders of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin made on 18.04.2024 based on the results of the visit to Stavropol Krai on 5 March 2024." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 1 (January 20, 2025): 6–15. https://doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2501-01.
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On May 11, 2012, the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations approved the Guidelines on "Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security." These guidelines serve as a reference material and provide recommendations for improving resource management to ensure food security. The management of tenure and resource use systems is a key element in determining the rights and obligations of users. Ineffective management leads to social instability, environmental problems, economic losses, and conflicts due to corruption or the inability of authorities to protect people's rights. Responsible management, on the other hand, promotes sustainable social and economic development and creates favorable conditions for investment.
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YOUNG, MARGARET A. "Fragmentation or interaction: the WTO, fisheries subsidies, and international law." World Trade Review 8, no. 4 (2009): 477–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745609990140.
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AbstractSubsidies to the fishing sector have trade and ecological consequences, especially for fisheries that are over-exploited. In response, WTO members are negotiating to clarify and improve the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. Yet significant legal challenges constrain this ongoing effort because fisheries conservation and management matters are often addressed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, instruments of the Food and Agriculture Organization, and other legal regimes to which some WTO members have not consented. This article analyses modes of learning and information exchange within the WTO regime, and compares the proposed use of standards, benchmarks, and peer review in the draft fisheries subsidies rules with existing arrangements between the WTO and organizations such as the OECD and product standard-setting bodies. It argues that novel deliberative strategies of regime interaction are more important in resolving the challenges posed by international law's fragmentation than adherence to strict mandates or legal hierarchies.
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Muzekenyi, Mike, Farai Nyika, and Muhammad Hoque. "A Small-Scale Farming Intervention Plan for Inclusive Economic Development in Rural South Africa." International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 2 (2023): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v4i2.136.
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Small-scale commercial farming firms play a critical role in achieving the objectives of the African Union’s Agenda 2063, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the rural economies of Sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa has a sizeable number of households engaged in small-scale agriculture to supply rural market demand. Small scale commercial agriculture has become a key source of revenue, employment, and food security for communities in rural areas. As such, the South African government has been assisting small-scale farmers financially via the Micro-Agriculture Finance Institutions of South Africa and the Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. This support aims to alleviate poverty, create jobs, and improve food security by promoting small-scale commercial farming, primarily in rural areas. Despite this assistance, there is no clear strategy for achieving significant and evidence-based development. This study outlines a four-step intervention strategy for promoting small-scale commercial farming as a strategy for rural economic development in South Africa. These steps include defining a small-scale farming development strategy, and delineating production, performance, policy, and control measures.
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Stokes, Gretchen L., Abigail J. Lynch, Benjamin S. Lowe, Simon Funge-Smith, John Valbo‐Jørgensen, and Samuel J. Smidt. "COVID-19 pandemic impacts on global inland fisheries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 47 (2020): 29419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014016117.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to environmental recovery in some ecosystems from a global “anthropause,” yet such evidence for natural resources with extraction or production value (e.g., fisheries) is limited. This brief report provides a data-driven global snapshot of expert-perceived impacts of COVID-19 on inland fisheries. We distributed an online survey assessing perceptions of inland fishery pressures in June and July 2020 to basin-level inland fishery experts (i.e., identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations across the global North and South); 437 respondents from 79 countries addressed 93 unique hydrological basins, accounting for 82.1% of global inland fish catch. Based on the responses analyzed against extrinsic fish catch and human development index data, pandemic impacts on inland fisheries 1) add gradation to the largely positive environmental narrative of the global pandemic and 2) identify that basins of higher provisioning value are perceived to experience greater fishery pressures but may have limited compensatory capacity to mitigate COVID-19 impacts along with negative pressures already present.
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Penuelas, Josep, Tamás Krisztin, Michael Obersteiner, et al. "Country-Level Relationships of the Human Intake of N and P, Animal and Vegetable Food, and Alcoholic Beverages with Cancer and Life Expectancy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (2020): 7240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197240.
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Background: The quantity, quality, and type (e.g., animal and vegetable) of human food have been correlated with human health, although with some contradictory or neutral results. We aimed to shed light on this association by using the integrated data at country level. Methods: We correlated elemental (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) compositions and stoichiometries (N:P ratios), molecular (proteins) and energetic traits (kilocalories) of food of animal (terrestrial or aquatic) and vegetable origin, and alcoholic beverages with cancer prevalence and mortality and life expectancy (LE) at birth at the country level. We used the official databases of United Nations (UN), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health, and Eurobarometer, while also considering other possibly involved variables such as income, mean age, or human development index of each country. Results: The per capita intakes of N, P, protein, and total intake from terrestrial animals, and especially alcohol were significantly and positively associated with prevalence and mortality from total, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. In contrast, high per capita intakes of vegetable N, P, N:P, protein, and total plant intake exhibited negative relationships with cancer prevalence and mortality. However, a high LE at birth, especially in underdeveloped countries was more strongly correlated with a higher intake of food, independent of its animal or vegetable origin, than with other variables, such as higher income or the human development index. Conclusions: Our analyses, thus, yielded four generally consistent conclusions. First, the excessive intake of terrestrial animal food, especially the levels of protein, N, and P, is associated with higher prevalence of cancer, whereas equivalent intake from vegetables is associated with lower prevalence. Second, no consistent relationship was found for food N:P ratio and cancer prevalence. Third, the consumption of alcoholic beverages correlates with prevalence and mortality by malignant neoplasms. Fourth, in underdeveloped countries, reducing famine has a greater positive impact on health and LE than a healthier diet.
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Karavias, Markos. "Interactions between International Law and Private Fisheries Certification." Transnational Environmental Law 7, no. 1 (2017): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102517000139.
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AbstractThe management of fisheries at the international level is no longer the exclusive preserve of states and international organizations. The proliferation of private certification initiatives – the reach of which defies territorial boundaries – has heralded an era of transnational fisheries governance. Whereas the interactions between private standards and national regulation have attracted scholarly attention, the function of international law in the context of transnational fisheries governance is largely unexplored. This article maps the interactions between international fisheries law and the most prominent among private certification standards, namely the Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Standard and Guidance (MSC FSG). The article proposes a methodology to assess such interactions at the stage of norm development and argues that the interactions between the two regimes are multidirectional and complex. International law serves as a model for private standard setting and as a yardstick for private decision making. Conversely, the MSC FSG has acted as a model for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Ecolabelling Guidelines. Moreover, the MSC FSG may constitute a benchmark for resolutions adopted by regional fisheries management organizations. The MSC FSG, in incorporating international fisheries law, affirms the latter’s resilience as a global point of reference for the management of fisheries globally. Yet, at the same time, by prompting states to comply with their international obligations in order to secure market access for their fishing industry, the MSC FSG may be exposing the inability of international law to generate compliance autonomously.
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Dębowski, Piotr, Rafał Bernaś, Michał Skóra, and Jacek Morzuch. "Route selection, migration speed, and mortality of silver eel passing through two small hydroelectric facilities." Fisheries & Aquatic Life 28, no. 3 (2020): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2020-0016.
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AbstractThe European eel is a highly threatened species according the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The recruitment of this species has collapsed over the last fifty years primarily because of the destruction of free migration routes and overfishing. One of the most important factors linked to population decline is mortality during catadromous migration caused by hydroelectric facilities. The aim of the present study was to assess the mortality rate of silvers eel passing through two small hydroelectric facilities. Total mortality at the site was 5%, but it was 15% for fish passing through the two hydroelectric facilities. However, the cumulative mortality in the river basin studied, which has many hydroelectric facilities, indicated that silver eel escapement from the Słupia drainage basin was very low.
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JAMES, KELSEY C., REBECCA L. LEWISON, PETER W. DILLINGHAM, K. ALEXANDRA CURTIS, and JEFFREY E. MOORE. "Drivers of retention and discards of elasmobranch non-target catch." Environmental Conservation 43, no. 1 (2015): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892915000168.
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SUMMARYTo address growing concern over the effects of fisheries non-target catch on elasmobranchs worldwide, the accurate reporting of elasmobranch catch is essential. This requires data on a combination of measures, including reported landings, retained and discarded non-target catch, and post-discard survival. Identification of the factors influencing discard versus retention is needed to improve catch estimates and to determine wasteful fishing practices. To do this, retention rates of elasmobranch non-target catch in a broad subset of fisheries throughout the world were compared by taxon, fishing country, and gear. A regression tree and random forest analysis indicated that taxon was the most important determinant of retention in this dataset, but all three factors together explained 59% of the variance. Estimates of total elasmobranch removals were calculated by dividing the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) global elasmobranch landings by average retention rates, and suggest that total elasmobranch removals may exceed FAO reported landings by as much as 400%. This analysis is the first effort to directly characterize global drivers of discards for elasmobranch non-target catch. The results highlight the importance of accurate quantification of retention and discard rates to improve assessments of the potential impacts of fisheries on these species.
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Saygı, Hülya, Aysun Kop, Hatice Tekoğul, and Özgür Altan. "Orta Doğu Ülkelerinin Su Ürünleri Üretimi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 10 (2018): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1422-1430.2058.
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The main aim of this study is to estimate the future of the aquaculture of Middle Eastern Countries for the year 2030 by time series analysis method. In addition, it is a classification and clustering based on fisheries production, import, export and consumption data with basic component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods for Middle Eastern countries. FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) used the statistics of fisheries products of the Middle East countries between 1950 and 2016. Time series, clustering and factor analysis were applied to these data. As a result of the time series analysis, the aquaculture production will end up in Kuwait, Libya and Syria if the current situation continues. Also, in other countries, production for 2030 is projected to be lowest for Jordan and the highest for Egypt. Accordingly, the total amount of aquaculture production in the Middle East countries is estimated to be 4.8 million tons in 2030. In the PCA, according to PC1; Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates and according to PC2; Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Oman, Tunisia and Yemen have been associated with high rates, respectively. According to the HCA; first cluster, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Cyprus, Iraq; 2nd cluster Israel, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Tunisia, Oman and Yemen; 3rd cluster Saudi Arabia; 4. Cluster consists of Iran, Turkey and Egypt. According to the results of this study, the aquaculture of these countries should be examined in more detail. It is also recommended that countries implement the necessary regulations in fisheries policies.
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Wu, Feng, Zhengfei Guan, and Alicia Whidden. "Overview of the US and Mexico Strawberry Industries." EDIS 2016, no. 1 (2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe971-2015.
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The statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations indicate that world production of strawberries has exceeded 4 million metric tons since 2007. With a total production of 1.4 million tons (3 billion pounds) in 2012, the United States is the largest producer among countries where statistical data are available, accounting for about 30% of the world supply. Production in Mexico increased from 140 thousand tons to 360 thousand tons, making Mexico the second-largest strawberry producer in the world. This 4-page fact sheet provides an overview of the US and Mexican strawberry industries, paying special attention to the trade relations between the two countries. Written by Feng Wu, Zhengfei Guan, and Alicia Whidden, and published by the UF Food and Resource Economics Department, November 2015. (Photo credit: anna1311/istock/Thinkstock) FE971/FE971: An Overview of the US and Mexico Strawberry Industries (ufl.edu)
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TOUKOUROU, Youssouf, and Jerry A. DEHOUEGNON. "Impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural activities and food security: the case of the Republic of Benin." Annales de l’Université de Parakou - Série Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie 11, no. 2 (2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56109/aup-sna.v11i2.70.
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An analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on agricultural activities and the food security of populations in Benin has been carried out. The objective of the study is to compare the level of agricultural production during the period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic with that of the years 2020 and 2021. The methodological approach adopted boils down to the collection, compilation and qualitative analysis of data from the publication of statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Analysis (INSAE) as well as the study reports of the Ministry in charge of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MAEP).The study shows that during the 2019-2020 campaign, total agricultural production amounted to 11,423,495 tons. This production fell during the 2020-2021 campaign to 10,797,383 tonnes, thus recording a drop of 5.48%. Are mainly concerned, products such as roots and tubers with a drop of 7.32%, leafy vegetables with a drop of 5.69% as well as fruit vegetables with a drop of 32.24%. This negative dynamic of agricultural production illustrates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural activities, thus aggravating food security already weakened by the pangs of climatic disturbances.
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Erikstein, Karine, and Judith Swan. "Voluntary Guidelines for Flag State Performance: A New Tool to Conquer IUU Fishing." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 29, no. 1 (2014): 116–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341311.
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Abstract Within the framework of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (fao), Voluntary Guidelines for Flag State Performance were adopted by the fao Technical Consultation on Flag State Performance on 8 February 2013. The Guidelines, which focus on the role of the flag State in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (iuu) fishing and build on existing international law, constitute a ground-breaking international instrument. They set out criteria and procedures for the assessment of flag State performance, as well as provisions on cooperation between flag States and coastal States, compliance and cooperation with, and assistance to, developing countries. The Guidelines were adopted as a response to the lack of effective control by many flag States over their fishing and fishing-related vessels, mindful that flag States may generally be said to have the primary responsibility for preventing, deterring and eliminating iuu fishing.1 The Guidelines are a robust and comprehensive tool for enhancing international fisheries governance.
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Flammini, Alessandro, Xueyao Pan, Francesco Nicola Tubiello, et al. "Emissions of greenhouse gases from energy use in agriculture, forestry and fisheries: 1970–2019." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 2 (2022): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-811-2022.
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Abstract. Fossil-fuel-based energy use in agriculture leads to CO2 and non-CO2 emissions. We focus on emissions generated within the farm gate and from fisheries, providing information relative to the period 1970–2019, for both energy use, as input activity data and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Country-level information is generated from United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and International Energy Agency (IEA) data on energy in agriculture (including forestry and fisheries), relative to use of gas/diesel oil, motor gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, fuel oil and coal. Electricity used within the farm gate is also quantified, while recognizing that the associated emissions are generated elsewhere. We find that, in 2019, annual emissions from energy use in agriculture were about 523 million tonnes (Mt CO2eq yr−1), while when including electricity they were 1029 Mt CO2eq yr−1, having increased 7 % from 1990. The largest emission increase from on-farm fuel combustion was from LPG (32 %), whereas significant decreases were observed for coal (−55 %), natural gas (−50 %), motor gasoline (−42 %) and fuel oil (−37 %). Conversely, the use of electricity and the associated indirect emissions increased 3-fold over the 1990–2019 period, thus becoming the largest emission source from energy use in agriculture since 2005. Overall, the global trends were a result of counterbalancing effects: marked decreases in developed countries in 2019 compared to 1990 (−273 Mt CO2eq yr−1) were masked by slightly larger increases in developing and emerging economies (+339 Mt CO2eq yr−1). The information used in this work is available as open data at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5153241 (Tubiello and Pan, 2021). The relevant Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) (FAO, 2021b) on emissions is maintained and updated annually by FAO.
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Tkachuk, Hanna, and Oksana Kushnirenko. "Strengthening of economic security of food complex of Ukraine." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 37, no. 2 (2015): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2015.29.
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The adverse conjuncture that established on the world markets for domestic exports, the initiation of a series of trade restrictions by the countries – members of the Customs alliance and the absence of effective reforms worsened the crisis in the economy of Ukraine. As the result is a critical increase threats to economic security in general, and one of the most important of its components – food security. The purpose of the article – identify specific areas of increasing competitive position of the food industry of Ukraine, namely the possibility of import substitution, the development of a middle class in society, and increase its ability to pay and upgrade food complex according to the highest European quality standards. The sources of the statistical data on the economic safety of the food complex of different countries are deduced from the annual information published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The investigations were carried out on the basis of the official website of the State Department of Statistics, Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine.
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Mikkola, Heimo. "Evolution and Prospects of Freshwater Fish Species and Aquaculture in Colombia: A Historical Perspective." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 14 (2024): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i144179.
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Since the 1970s Colombia has been aware of the importance of aquaculture and inland fisheries in the future of its economy due to the constant increase of a population that is increasingly in need of protein of animal origin. In 1972, a joint project between the Government of Colombia and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations was approved and aimed at studying inland fishing and developing aquaculture in the country. The work of the project is described, as are the fish culture and fisheries research activities starting with the situation in the 1970s but comparing it with recent findings. A list of the main capture and culture fish species is given. Colombian fishing production has had great variations, but first inland water fishing was more important than marine. For instance, in 1972 total fish catch was 104,390 tons and 79% of that originated from inland waters. After the continental fisheries went down, the marine fisheries accounted in 2019 already 78 per cent of the total catch of the country. Mean standing fish crop estimates in 1975‒76 from the bay, open water and vegetation habitats in four floodplain lakes were 118, 12 and 251 kg/ha indicating clearly that the fish productivity on the Magdalena floodplain was relatively low. The aquaculture sector has been growing rapidly, reflecting global trends, and producing more than capture fisheries. Aquaculture produced 88,000 tons in 2013, which was a three-fold increase from the mid-1990s. Again twofold increase took place before 2020 when the production was almost 180,000 tons. Future development prospects of inland fisheries and aquaculture are discussed and a mention is made of the present situation of ornamental fish cultivation and trade in Colombia.
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Ferri, Nicola. "The Legal Regime Governing Mediterranean Fisheries: The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean of the FAO and the Added-Value of Article XIV Bodies." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 31, no. 1 (2022): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-03101010.
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Abstract The impact that the progressive development of public international law as relating to fisheries has had on the evolution of the role of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) is fairly well-known, having periodically attracted interest from public international law scholars and practitioners. There are some instances though where this development has not been the sole factor leading to the emergence of decision-making by RFMOs on the management of fisheries found in marine waters worldwide. The RFMOs family is broad and heterogeneous, also encompassing some organizations which belong to the institutional setting of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) is one of those FAO RFMOs. Established in 1949 through an international agreement adopted pursuant to Article XIV of the FAO Constitution, the GFCM is the RFMO currently exercising regulatory powers to ensure the sustainability of Mediterranean fisheries. Its institutional belonging to the FAO is key to understanding that throughout its seventy years of existence the GFCM has not been responsive only to the progressive development of public international law as relating to fisheries, like all other RFMOs. The story of its evolution and, consequently, that of the legal regime governing Mediterranean fisheries, is deeply intertwined with developments that took place within the FAO’s administrative framework. This piece will briefly detail these developments, trying to shed light on the fact that the internal decisions taken by the FAO to enable bodies established under Article XIV of the FAO Constitution to exercise their regulatory powers have been, in the specific case of the GFCM, as decisive as the progressive development of public international law relating to fisheries; not only in bringing about the legal regime governing Mediterranean fisheries, but also in ultimately ensuring that this regime is as effective as that implemented by other RFMOs established independently of the FAO.
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Friedrich, Jürgen. "Legal Challenges of Nonbinding Instruments: The Case of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries." German Law Journal 9, no. 11 (2008): 1539–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200000572.
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Faced with the reluctance of states to transfer sovereign powers to the international level, traditional international organizations often resort to voluntary instruments when attempting to respond to pressing issues of public concern such as sustainable development. One salient example is the attempt of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to improve the dire state of global fisheries resources by means of the nonbinding Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). After years of extensive and dynamic development of fishing capacities in response to an increasing demand from a growing world population, the worldwide production of fisheries seems to have now reached its ceiling. The FAO estimates that three quarters of fish stocks are either fully exploited (50 percent) or overexploited and depleted (25 percent). Any solution to this state of affairs faces complex regulatory challenges. The regulation of collective goods, in this case including the global common space of the high seas, goes beyond mere coordination problems as analyzed by other case studies in this volume. It requires cooperation across jurisdictional zones by a multitude of different actors with various economic and social interests in a subject area marked by fierce economic competition. Free riding must be prevented through monitoring and enforcement at sea. Further, it is now understood that long-term sustainable use largely depends on the protection of the living and non-living environment of the resource, from which derives the need for an ecosystem approach. Uncertainty over reproduction levels and impact of environmental degradation makes a precautionary approach to fisheries management indispensable for successful regulation. The complexity and high level of uncertainty additionally calls for a highly flexible and adaptable regulation.
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Gianpaolo, Coro, Gonzalez Vilas Luis, Magliozzi Chiara, Ellenbroek Anton, Scarponi Paolo, and Pagano Pasquale. "Forecasting the ongoing invasion of Lagocephalus sceleratus in the Mediterranean Sea." Ecological Modelling 371 (November 8, 2018): 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.01.007.
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Invasive species from the Suez Canal, also named “Lessepsian species”, often have an ecological and financial impact on marine life, fisheries, human well-being and health in the Mediterranean Sea. Among these, the silver-cheeked toad-fish <em>Lagocephalus sceleratus </em>(Gmelin, 1789) has rapidly colonised the eastern Mediterranean basin and is currently moving westwards. This pufferfish has a highly opportunistic behaviour, it attacks fish captured in nets and lines and seriously damages fishing gears and catch. It is a highly-toxic species with no immediate economic value for the Mediterranean market, although it currently represents 4% of the weight of the total artisanal catches. Consequently, the possible effects on Mediterranean fisheries and health require to enhance our understanding of the future geographical distribution of this pufferfish in the whole basin. In this paper, an overall habitat suitability map and an effective geographical spread map for <em>L. sceleratus</em> at Mediterranean scale are produced by using cloud computing-based algorithms to merge seven machine learning approaches. Further, the potential impact of the species is estimated for several Mediterranean Sea subdivisions: The major fishing areas of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Economic Exclusive Zones, and the subdivisions of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Sea. Our results suggest that without an intervention, <em>L. sceleratus</em> will continue its rapid spread and will likely have a high impact on fisheries. The presented method is generic and can be applied to other invasive species. It is based on an Open Science approach and all processes are freely available as Web services.
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Made, Sutinah, M. Hamzah, Sri Suro Adhawati, Arie Cangara, Elis Kusuma Wardani, and Anis Anshari Mas’ud. "Analyzing the Competitiveness of Indonesia's Lobster Exports: Comparative and Competitive Advantages Using RCA and ECI Indices." International Journal of Religion 6, no. 1 (2025): 77–87. https://doi.org/10.61707/22r9rn67.
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This research aims to analyze the competitiveness (comparative and competitive advantages) of Indonesia's lobster commodity exports. The data used in this research consists of secondary data in the form of panel data obtained from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Commodity Trade (UN Comtrade), and the International Trade Center (ITC). Comparative advantage is measured using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index, and competitive advantage is measured using the Export Competitiveness Index (ECI). The findings reveal that Indonesia holds a stronger comparative advantage in lobster exports compared to Vietnam, with an average RCA value of 25.46 for Indonesia and 13.08 for Vietnam. Similarly, Indonesia demonstrates higher competitive advantage, as indicated by an average ECI value of 3.57 compared to Vietnam's 3.28. However, Indonesia's ECI values have shown fluctuations in recent years, highlighting periods of declining competitive advantage due to export policies and international market conditions. The findings provide policymakers with insights to develop balanced policies that ensure both environmental sustainability and economic growth. Additionally, it highlights the critical need for ongoing, granular analysis of export dynamics, particularly in the context of the Southeast Asian market.
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Sisto, Ilaria, and Maurizio Furst. "WHY SHALL WE CONSIDER THE GENDER IMPLICATIONS OF BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT? THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION." New Medit 18, no. 3 (2019): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/nm1903n.
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Women as farmers, livestock keepers, fishers and forest dwellers play vital – often overlooked – roles in natural resources use and management in the Mediterranean region. Women’s exclusion from decision making bodies and unequal access to productive resources represent a missed opportunity in terms of sustainable management of available resources and economic development. Recent studies indicate that if men and women equally participate in the labour market, in the southern Mediterranean region the GDP could rise by 47% over the next decade, meaning an annual benefit from an economic impact of €490 billion (Woetzel et al., 2015). The Director General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), José Graziano da Silva, at the fourth Regional conference on women’s empowerment in the Euro-Mediterranean region stressed that rural women’s contributions and leadership is crucial to feed the Mediterranean region’s growing population and achieve sustainable food production: «By enabling rural women to reach their full potential, we can make food systems more inclusive, efficient and effective» (FAO 2018). In the region women sustain such food systems by gathering wild plants for food, medicinal use, fuelwood and other purposes, acting as herbalists, tending home gardens, selecting, managing and storing seeds, managing crops, trees and small livestock, domesticating plants, participating in small-scale fisheries and aquaculture, and storing, preserving and processing foods after harvesting. They have a unique knowledge about local biodiversity, which is often passed from generation to generation (FAO, 2019; World Bank, FAO and IFAD, 2009). Nevertheless, still too often women have less access than men to land and livestock, production inputs and services such as education, extension and credit, and are not represented in decision-making processes related to food and agriculture (Lehel 2018; World Bank, FAO and IFAD, 2009).
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Caspers, H. "R. L. Welcomme: River fisheries.=FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 262. With 106 figs, 55 tabs, 330 pp. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1985. ISBN 92-5-102299-2." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 72, no. 2 (1987): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19870720206.
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Voronin, Boris, Irina Chupina, and Yana Voronina. "The food security doctrine of the Russian Federation as a comprehensive act of public administration." Russian Journal of Management 9, no. 1 (2021): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-1-136-140.
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The Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, approved in a new edition by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 20 of January 21, 2020 [1], determines that this Doctrine is a strategic planning document, which reflects the official views on the goals, objectives and main directions of the state social economic policy in the field of food security of the Russian Federation. In paragraph 4, it is established that this Doctrine is the basis for the development of regulatory legal acts in the field of food security, development of agriculture and fisheries. It should be noted that this Doctrine (paragraph 5) takes into account the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on the share of imports and food stocks taken. Familiarization with the content of the Doctrine allows us to conclude that the Doctrine, according to the rules of normography [2] and legal technique [3], cannot be qualified as a legal act. It would be more correct to call this document as a concept for ensuring food security, which sets out general approaches to the formation of the main directions of state policy in the field of food security. The constituent parts of the concept are: 
 a) sustainable development of agricultural production based on medical indicators per capita; 
 b) ensuring the range, quality and safety of food products; 
 c) meeting the domestic needs of the Russian state in domestic agricultural products and increasing their volumes for export, which confirms the stability of the agricultural sector in the agri-food market in terms of ensuring food independence; d) increasing the economic availability of high-quality food products to form a healthy diet for all groups of the population; e) ensuring the physical availability of food products through the trade system, agri-food markets, catering facilities of various types.
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Livingstone, M. B. E., J. J. Strain, A. M. Prentice, et al. "Potential contribution of leisure activity to the energy expenditure patterns of sedentary populations." British Journal of Nutrition 65, no. 2 (1991): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910076.
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Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) by the doubly-labelled (2H218O) water method and basal metabolic rate (BMR) by indirect calorimetry were measured in thirty-two healthy free-living adults in Northern Ireland. Habitual physical activity patterns in occupational and discretionary activities were assessed by interview questionnaire. Expressed as a multiple of BMR the TEE values for the sixteen males (1.88 (sd 0.28), range 1.44–2.57) and sixteen females (1.77 (sd 0.16), range 1.50–2.06) were compatible with current Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS; 1979) and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU; 1985) estimates of energy requirements. The results suggest that discretionary physical activity is now emerging as an equally important determinant of energy expenditure in the UK as the occupational classifications currently used as the basis of DHSS (1979) and FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) recommendations for energy requirements. Therefore, realistically achievable inputs of recreational exercise can have a significant impact in counteracting low levels of energy expenditure which are associated with modern lifestyles and are implicated as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and obesity.
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Liawatimena, Suryadiputra, Edi Abdurachman, Agung Trisetyarso, Antoni Wibowo, Muhamad Keenan Ario, and Ivan Sebastian Edbert. "Fish Classification System Using YOLOv3-ResNet18 Model for Mobile Phones." CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal 17, no. 1 (2023): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/commit.v17i1.8107.
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Every country in the world needs to report its fish production to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) every year. In 2018, Indonesia ranked top five countries in fish production, with 8 million tons globally. Although it ranks top five, the fisheries in Indonesia are mostly dominated by traditional and small industries. Hence, a solution based on computer vision is needed to help detect and classify the fish caught every year. The research presents a method to detect and classify fish on mobile devices using the YOLOv3 model combined with ResNet18 as a backbone. For the experiment, the dataset used is four types of fish gathered from scraping across the Internet and taken from local markets and harbors with a total of 4,000 images. In comparison, two models are used: SSD-VGG and autogenerated model Huawei ExeML. The results show that the YOLOv3-ResNet18 model produces 98.45% accuracy in training and 98.15% in evaluation. The model is also tested on mobile devices and produces a speed of 2,115 ms on Huawei P40 and 3,571 ms on Realme 7. It can be concluded that the research presents a smaller-size model which is suitable for mobile devices while maintaining good accuracy and precision.
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Lkhamjav, Ochirkhuyag, Uyanga Batbold, Delgertsetseg Renchinmyag, et al. "The Progress/Status of Ecological Assessment on the Intensive Land Use in Selenge and Darkhan-Uul Province, Mongolia." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1-2024 (May 10, 2024): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-2024-437-2024.
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Abstract. The study area, it includes Darkhan-Uul and Selenge provinces of Mongolia, is included in the most favourable natural-geographical areas, and the migration of people with livestock from the peripheral areas has led to an increase in the population, as well as a sharp increase in the number of grazing animals, resulting in the effects of natural and human activities. give an evaluation, develop the basis for the proper use of the land in the future. In Mongolia, the methods and principles of land evaluation differ depending on the general classification and purpose of land, so considering these characteristics, land evaluation is carried out by (1) the Department of Agriculture, (2) the Department of Urban Development, Industry and Mines, (3) the Department of Roads and Networks, (4) it is divided into types of land with forest reserves (Tserenbaljir, B. Naranchimeg, 2004). In the "instructions for land evaluation" issued by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1976, in the assessment of land quality, in addition to the main indicators of soil fertility and moisture, climate, land cover and use, chemical pollutions such as an alkaline acidity. In the ecological assessment study, data on land use, soil, vegetation, climate, natural conditions, resources, socio-economic, satellite and field studies were collected in numerical and tabular form. The Ecological assessment in intensive land use is divided into qualitative and quantitative assessment. The Qualitative assessment predicts ecological properties. The Quantitative methods use multi-species numerical methods to record ecological elements and calculate the overall percentage of ecological characteristics.
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Maw, Min Thein, Myint Myint Khin, David Hadrill, et al. "First Report of Lumpy Skin Disease in Myanmar and Molecular Analysis of the Field Virus Isolates." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (2022): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050897.
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Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes lumpy skin disease in cattle and buffaloes, which is associated with significant animal production and economic losses. Since the 2000s, LSDV has spread from Africa to several countries in the Middle East; Europe; and Asia; including, more recently, several south-east Asian countries. In November 2020, Myanmar reported its first LSD outbreak. This study reports on the first incursion of LSD in Myanmar and the molecular analysis of the LSDV detected. Staff from the Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department (LBVD) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation collected samples from cattle with suspected LSD infection. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations’ Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) and the Joint International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/FAO program’s Animal Health and Production laboratory provided LSDV diagnostic support to two regional veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Myanmar. Samples from 13 cattle tested positive by real-time PCR. Selected samples underwent sequence analysis in IAEA laboratories. The results show that the Myanmar LSDV sequences clustered with LSDV isolates from Bangladesh and India, LSDV Kenya, and LSDV NI-2490. Further characterization showed that the Myanmar LSDV is 100% identical to isolates from Bangladesh and India, implying a common source of introduction. These findings inform diagnosis and development of control strategies.
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Maw, Min Thein, Myint Myint Khin, David Hadrill, et al. "First Report of Lumpy Skin Disease in Myanmar and Molecular Analysis of the Field Virus Isolates." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (2022): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050897.
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Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes lumpy skin disease in cattle and buffaloes, which is associated with significant animal production and economic losses. Since the 2000s, LSDV has spread from Africa to several countries in the Middle East; Europe; and Asia; including, more recently, several south-east Asian countries. In November 2020, Myanmar reported its first LSD outbreak. This study reports on the first incursion of LSD in Myanmar and the molecular analysis of the LSDV detected. Staff from the Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department (LBVD) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation collected samples from cattle with suspected LSD infection. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations’ Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) and the Joint International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/FAO program’s Animal Health and Production laboratory provided LSDV diagnostic support to two regional veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Myanmar. Samples from 13 cattle tested positive by real-time PCR. Selected samples underwent sequence analysis in IAEA laboratories. The results show that the Myanmar LSDV sequences clustered with LSDV isolates from Bangladesh and India, LSDV Kenya, and LSDV NI-2490. Further characterization showed that the Myanmar LSDV is 100% identical to isolates from Bangladesh and India, implying a common source of introduction. These findings inform diagnosis and development of control strategies.
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Biester, E. "Jorge Csirke: The Patagonian fishery resources and the offshore fisheries in the South-West Atlantic = FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 286.-75 pp., 35 figs. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1987. ISBN 92-5-102564-9." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 74, no. 4 (1989): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19890740425.
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Cordeiro, Cheryl Marie, and Geir Sogn-Grundvåg. "An Integral Systems Theory Perspective of Interdisciplinary Collaboration: The Example of CATCH, a Capture-Based Aquaculture Research Project for Quality Norwegian Cod Products." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 1 (2019): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2019-0002.
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Abstract Due to the increasing complexity of the global development challenges that need solving, the past thirty years have seen interdisciplinary research (IDR) and university-industry collaboration developing into its own subject of research. While there have been numerous studies on defining and evaluating IDR, what remains under-researched is a unifying or integral perspective in IDR theoretical framing and conceptualisation much due to the nature of the multiple disciplines that constitute IDR. This study takes an integral systems theory perspective in address of the knowledge-gap in IDR, using the example of the project CATCH, a capture-based aquaculture research project funded by the Research Council of Norway and industry partners, for improved Norwegian cod products to local and global markets. The purpose of this study is to investigate and uncover the management strategies of the project CATCH, with the goal of illustrating how elements of such a management strategy can be mapped unto a four-quadrant integral systems theory model towards a unified perspective of an IDR project. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has projected a 20% growth in global fish production and consumption by 2030. CATCH, which is situated in the field of fisheries and aquaculture research, makes for a timely and interesting example of how an inherently IDR project is managed and executed by multiple stakeholders from academic institutions as well as industry partners. The contribution of this study is twofold, (i) working towards the consolidation of the theoretical foundations of IDR, and (ii) developing empirical insights into the management processes and strategy of an IDR project.
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Noonari, Asif Raza, Barkat Ali Nindwani, Amanullah Tunio, et al. "Role of Gypsum in Reclaiming Saline-Sodic Soils to Improving Soil Health and Enhancing Productivity." Journal of Agriculture and Biology 3, no. 1 (2025): 46–56. https://doi.org/10.55627/agribiol.003.01.1091.
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Salinization and sodification of soil are a widespread concern, The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that it affected 833 billion hectares of land worldwide. Gypsum is frequently utilized to restore saline-sodic and sodic soils due to solubility, cheap cost, availability, and simplicity of handling. The experiment was conducted at the experimental station of the Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, during the year 2021- 2022. The reclamation of saline-sodic soil under the influence of varying gypsum levels was investigated in a pot experiment. The research was set up in three replicated complete randomized designs (CRD), each with a total pot size of 30 x 30 cm (900cm2). G0 = 0 gypsum requirement (control treatment), G1 = 1/2 gypsum requirement, G2 = 1/3 gypsum requirement, and G3 = 1/4 gypsum requirement were the treatments prepared. After the leaching of water, the different soil properties were tested. According to the subject study, applying gypsum with various treatments reduced soil bulk density, dry density, water holding capacity, pH, EC, SAR, and ESP. The G1 was shown to be the most effective dosage among the various treatments because it lowers the maximum soil bulk density to 1.16 g/cm3 after leaching. Likewise, the overall maximum reduction in dry density, water holding capacity, pH, EC, SAR, and ESP after leaching was 1.42 g/m3, 27.07 %, 7.88, 3.21 dSm-1, 16.25 %, and 16 % for the same treatment and only increased the soil porosity to 56.22% after leaching. The application of G1=1/2 of the soil's recommended gypsum dose appears to be the most cost-effective way to recover saline-sodic soil.
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Adib, Arash, Mahsa Amiri, Morteza Lotfirad, and Hiwa Farajpanah. "Evaluation of Meteorological Drought Using SPI and SPEI on Wheat Yield in Southwestern Iran." Earth 5, no. 4 (2024): 1023–51. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth5040053.
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The objective of this research is to determine the meteorological drought index and the effective rainfall model that exhibit the highest correlation with the yield of rainfed wheat in the Karkheh watershed. Additionally, using spatial statistics analysis, the trend and status of drought in various parts of the watershed will be identified. This will allow for the determination of suitable areas for rainfed wheat cultivation in the near future. In this research, meteorological drought monitoring was conducted using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) drought indices at 34 synoptic stations of the Karkheh watershed in southwestern Iran from 1981 to 2016. Effective precipitation (EPCP) was calculated using four methods, namely the United States bureau of reclamation method (USBR), the simplified version of soil conservation service of the United States department of agriculture method (USDA-SCS simplified), the food and agriculture organization of the United Nations method (FAO), and the CROPWAT version of the USDA-SCS method (USDA-SCS CROPWAT). The correlation between SPI and SPEI and between wheat yield and these indices was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) to select the best index for assessing the effects of meteorological droughts on the agricultural sector. The analysis of the drought features showed that the SPEI reported milder and longer droughts in most synoptic stations. The spatial pattern of drought in the Karkheh watershed was determined using spatial statistics methods, and global Moran’s I statistic showed that the drought in the Karkheh watershed had spatial autocorrelation and a clustered pattern with a 99% confidence level. The results of global and local Moran’s I and the Getis-Ord statistic (Gi*) showed that milder droughts prevailed in the northern clusters and more severe droughts in the southern clusters. Also, the correlation between wheat yield and the SPI and SPEI was positive in all stations except for the stations of Kermanshah province and Aqa Jan Bolaghi, which is due to the existence of numerous dams and springs in these areas. Considering the impact of temperature (Tmean) on meteorological drought, it is suggested that in addition to the SPI, the SPEI should also be used to predict droughts in the Karkheh watershed.
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Walsh, Michelle L., Thoren L. Thorbjørnsen, and Robert C. Jones. "Framework assessment of sustainability: Methodology for evaluating the conformance of fishery and aquaculture management systems to FAO guidelines." PLOS Sustainability and Transformation 3, no. 9 (2024): e0000124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000124.
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Sustainability is about meeting the needs of current generations without compromising those of future generations. For fished and aquacultured products, sustainability is often gauged on an individual fishery or farm basis but can be driven by a well-designed and implemented regulatory management system, or set of laws, rules, and policies promulgated by a governmental entity. To achieve global coverage via current assessment approaches requires enormous effort and resources due to the sheer number of individual operating units. System assessments are well established in assuring seafood safety, but much less so in regard to sustainability. This paper presents a tool to measure sustainability based on the prevailing regulatory management system and invites other researchers and practitioners to gauge the applicability of the methodology to new contexts. Evaluating how management systems support sustainable practices is key for assessing current reality and planning change. The methodology presented is based on international criteria for sustainability set forth in United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines for the ecolabelling of fish and fishery products as well as aquaculture certification. The assessment tools are the distillation of qualitative criteria found within the FAO guidelines into simple propositions called “Topics of Pertinence” that enable a straightforward cross-checking of whether the requirements and provisions of regulatory management systems reflect broadly accepted sustainability criteria in fisheries and aquaculture sectors. Assessments document what management systems aim to do via laws, regulations, and policies, and verify mechanisms within the systems that support implementation and compliance. While other sustainability assessments exist, the methodology described here is unique in that it is the only process that provides a system-based approach targeting higher management levels, which can increase global coverage of sustainability assessment from the current lower-tiered approach of certifying at individual production entities.
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Ryma, A. Muravitskaya, S. Shakura Natallia, V. Aksiuta Ekaterina, and V. Slyamnyova Vera. "Analysis of thematic queries from remote users of Belarus Agricultural Library (using AGROVOC thesaurus descriptors)." Library & Information Discourse 3, no. 2 (2023): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8207732.
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The search for up-to-date information in national, foreign and international information systems is the most important part of the library-information and reference-bibliographic service of scientists and specialists of the Belarusian Agricultural Library. To carry out a high-quality search on a certain topic, the content of the request is formulated by means of an information retrieval language, i.e. a search profile is created. One of the linguistic tools used for indexing and searching scientific information in international information retrieval systems and covering a wide range of agricultural, food industry and related issues is AGROVOC, the multilingual thesaurus the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The Belarusian Agricultural Library started developing its Belarusian version in 2022. At the initial stage the tasks for determining the priority subject categories (areas) of the subsequent terminological research were performed. In this regard, the staff of the Scientific and Bibliographic Department of Remote User Service processed requests from remote users of the Belarusian Agricultural Library for 2021 based on the creation of search profiles of thematic queries using the descriptors of the AGROVOC thesaurus. In total, 1,920 requests for 2021 from 626 users from 32 organizations were processed. It is noted that as a linguistic toolkit the AGROVOC thesaurus has a sufficient set of descriptors to cover various aspects of agrarian science, fishery, forestry, food and other related areas, while at the same time there is potential for its content addition and extension. The results of the content analysis of thematic queries indicate that scientific research and development of Belarusian specialists today are aimed at raising the agro-industrial complex of the country and obtaining competitive agricultural products.
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Barthelmes, D. "Y. Asada, Y. Hirasawa and F. Nagasaki: Fishery management in Japan. – Mit 7 Tab., 26pp. = FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 238. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1983. ISBN 92-5-101392-6." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 70, no. 6 (1985): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19850700628.
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Schultz, H. "D. S. Pavlov: Structures assisting the migrations of non-salmonid fish: USSR = FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 308.—97 pp. figs., tabls. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1989. ISBN 92-5-102857-5." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 77, no. 3 (1992): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19920770319.
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Xiao, Xingyuan, Jing Zhang, and Yaqun Liu. "Impacts of Crop Type and Climate Changes on Agricultural Water Dynamics in Northeast China from 2000 to 2020." Remote Sensing 16, no. 6 (2024): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16061007.
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Northeast China (NEC) is one of the most important national agricultural production bases, and its agricultural water dynamics are essential for food security and sustainable agricultural development. However, the dynamics of long-term annual crop-specific agricultural water and its crop type and climate impacts remain largely unknown, compromising water-saving practices and water-efficiency agricultural management in this vital area. Thus, this study used multi-source data of the crop type, climate factors, and the digital elevation model (DEM), and multiple digital agriculture technologies of remote sensing (RS), the geographic information system (GIS), the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-SCS) model, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Penman–Monteith (FAO P-M) model, and the water supply–demand index (M) to map the annual spatiotemporal distribution of effective precipitation (Pe), crop water requirement (ETc), irrigation water requirement (IWR), and the supply–demand situation in the NEC from 2000 to 2020. The study further analyzed the impacts of the crop type and climate changes on agricultural water dynamics and revealed the reasons and policy implications for their spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The results indicated that the annual average Pe, ETc, IWR, and M increased by 1.56%/a, 0.74%/a, 0.42%/a, and 0.83%/a in the NEC, respectively. Crop-specifically, the annual average Pe increased by 1.15%/a, 2.04%/a, and 2.09%/a, ETc decreased by 0.46%/a, 0.79%/a, and 0.89%/a, IWR decreased by 1.03%/a, 1.32%/a, and 3.42%/a, and M increased by 1.48%/a, 2.67%/a, and 2.87%/a for maize, rice, and soybean, respectively. Although the ETc and IWR for all crops decreased, regional averages still increased due to the expansion of water-intensive maize and rice. The crop type and climate changes jointly influenced agricultural water dynamics. Crop type transfer contributed 39.28% and 41.25% of the total IWR increase, and the remaining 60.72% and 58.75% were caused by cropland expansion in the NEC from 2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2020, respectively. ETc and IWR increased with increasing temperature and solar radiation, and increasing precipitation led to decreasing IWR in the NEC. The adjustment of crop planting structure and the implementation of water-saving practices need to comprehensively consider the spatiotemporally heterogeneous impacts of crop and climate changes on agricultural water dynamics. The findings of this study can aid RS-GIS-based agricultural water simulations and applications and support the scientific basis for agricultural water management and sustainable agricultural development.
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Кazakova, Nadiia, Gelena Neustroieva, and Vadym Hromov. "FOOD PROBLEM OF THE EASTERN REGION OF UKRAINE CAUSED BY THE WAR." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2022.4.32.
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The article deals with the scientifically substantiated analyses of the food problem of the eastern region of Ukraine based on its essential importance for the world problem of avoiding hunger. Taking into account the fact that the potential of external production exceeds the needs of the domestic market it is necessary to conduct a research of solving food problems when planning the development of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy..
 This article considers such analytical issues estimating that Ukraine has been among the top five exporters of grain and legume resources for many years. Ukraine is one of the main countries that contributes to the agricultural sector of the world economy. The activities of future specialists, when dealing with the food problem, depend on the content and nature of the knowledge that not only the coronavirus pandemic, but also armed conflicts in most of the specified countries and climate change, several years of drought contributed to problems with agricultural production in the region.
 The general provisions on analysis of various options for solving this problem are given and it is estimated that the analytical approach is the most optimal, since it allows you to build a diagram for comparing percentage of the most popular agricultural crops in the sown areas. It is advisable to consider the process of selecting most of the data that have been collected before the invasion. This research paper reveals the fact that much of the concern is related to shortages in the supply of staple crops such as wheat, corn and oilseeds, which could rise up prices. The invasion also led to higher prices for fuel and related fertilizers, leading to further food shortages and higher prices. The rise in wheat prices resulting from the conflict has become a problem for the countries, heavily dependent on Russian and Ukrainian wheat exports, and raised fears of social protest.
 The article analyzes economists’ views on the process of solving the food problems.It should be noted that these main issues will affect further world market prices and inflation will rise. Due to invasion, the US Department of Agriculture published a forecast for the export of grain products from Ukraine. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published information on the growth of the grain price index. Practical recommendations are provided for solving the problems.
 The research has been developed to estimate that Ukraine is a leading country in the agricultural sector of the economy, which supplies food to the EU, Africa and India. Due to Russia's invasion into Ukrainian lands, many states may suffer from hunger and if the full-scale intervention into Ukraine is not stopped, then the world will face a food crisis.
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Biswas, Sumalika, Qiongyu Huang, Anupam Anand, Myat Su Mon, Franz-Eugen Arnold, and Peter Leimgruber. "A Multi Sensor Approach to Forest Type Mapping for Advancing Monitoring of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Myanmar." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (2020): 3220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193220.
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Monitoring forests is important for measuring overall success of the 2030 Agenda because forests play an essential role in meeting many Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), especially SDG 15. Our study evaluates the contribution of three satellite data sources (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1) for mapping diverse forest types in Myanmar. This assessment is especially important because Myanmar is currently revising its classification system for forests and it is critical that these new forest types can be accurately mapped and monitored over time using satellite imagery. Our results show that using a combination of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 yields the highest accuracy (89.6% ± 0.16 percentage point(pp)), followed by Sentinel-2 alone (87.97% ± 0.11 pp) and Landsat-8 (82.68% ± 0.13 pp). The higher spatial resolution of Sentinel-2 Blue, Green, Red, Narrow Near Infrared and Short Wave Infrared bands enhances accuracy by 4.83% compared to Landsat-8. The addition of the Sentinel-2 Near Infrared and three Vegetation Red Edge bands further improve accuracy by 0.46% compared to using only Sentinel-2 Blue, Green, Red, Narrow Near Infrared and Short Wave Infrared bands. Adding the radar information from Sentinel-1 further increases the accuracy by 1.63%. We were able to map the two major forest types, Upper Moist and Upper Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest, which comprise 90% of our study area. Accuracies for these forest types ranged from 77 to 96% depending on the sensors used, demonstrating the feasibility of using satellite data to map forest categories from a newly revised classification system. Our results advance the ongoing development of the National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) by the Myanmar Forest Department and United Nations-Food and Agriculture Organization (UN-FAO) and facilitates future monitoring of progress towards the SDGs.