Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Food caching"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Food caching"
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Krause, Douglas J., and Tracey L. Rogers. "Food caching by a marine apex predator, the leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 6 (2019): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0203.
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The foraging behaviors of apex predators can fundamentally alter ecosystems through cascading predator–prey interactions. Food caching is a widely studied, taxonomically diverse behavior that can modify competitive relationships and affect population viability. We address predictions that food caching would not be observed in the marine environment by summarizing recent caching reports from two marine mammal and one marine reptile species. We also provide multiple caching observations from disparate locations for a fourth marine predator, the leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx (de Blainville, 1820)). Drawing from consistent patterns in the terrestrial literature, we suggest the unusual diversity of caching strategies observed in leopard seals is due to high variability in their polar marine habitat. We hypothesize that caching is present across the spectrum of leopard seal social dominance; however, prevalence is likely to increase in smaller, less-dominant animals that hoard to gain competitive advantage. Given the importance of this behavior, we draw attention to the high probability of observing food caching behavior in other marine species.
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Kelley, Laura A., and Nicola S. Clayton. "California scrub-jays reduce visual cues available to potential pilferers by matching food colour to caching substrate." Biology Letters 13, no. 7 (2017): 20170242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0242.
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Some animals hide food to consume later; however, these caches are susceptible to theft by conspecifics and heterospecifics. Caching animals can use protective strategies to minimize sensory cues available to potential pilferers, such as caching in shaded areas and in quiet substrate. Background matching (where object patterning matches the visual background) is commonly seen in prey animals to reduce conspicuousness, and caching animals may also use this tactic to hide caches, for example, by hiding coloured food in a similar coloured substrate. We tested whether California scrub-jays ( Aphelocoma californica ) camouflage their food in this way by offering them caching substrates that either matched or did not match the colour of food available for caching. We also determined whether this caching behaviour was sensitive to social context by allowing the birds to cache when a conspecific potential pilferer could be both heard and seen (acoustic and visual cues present), or unseen (acoustic cues only). When caching events could be both heard and seen by a potential pilferer, birds cached randomly in matching and non-matching substrates. However, they preferentially hid food in the substrate that matched the food colour when only acoustic cues were present. This is a novel cache protection strategy that also appears to be sensitive to social context. We conclude that studies of cache protection strategies should consider the perceptual capabilities of the cacher and potential pilferers.
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Hurly, T. Andrew, and Raleigh J. Robertson. "Scatterhoarding by territorial red squirrels: a test of the optimal density model." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 5 (1987): 1247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-194.
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We observed a high degree of scatterhoarding in a population of red squirrels and tested two predictions of the Optimal Density Model (ODM): (1) large food items will be cached at a greater distance from their source than small items; and (2) caches will be uniformly distributed about their source. Caching experiments supported prediction 1. Red squirrels carried large food items farther than small items before caching them. Prediction 2 was not supported; caches were distributed nonuniformly about their source both within and among caching bouts. We present a simple null model for scatterhoarding, which demonstrates that prediction 1 is not exclusive to the Optimal Density Model. Analyses of our cone-caching data and published data suggested that "optimal densities" were not the primary goal of the caching animal, but rather the result of a positive relationship between food value and investment in caching (carrying distance).
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Moldowan, Patrick D., and Hugo Kitching. "Observation of an Eastern Wolf (Canis sp. cf. lycaon) Caching Food in a Sphagnum Bog in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 130, no. 4 (2017): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1930.
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We report summer caching of a partial carcass of a White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn by an Eastern Wolf (Canis sp. cf. lycaon) in a Sphagnum bog in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. The microhabitat conditions in bogs (i.e., low temperature, acidity, and organochemical compounds) likely inhibit food spoilage, making bogs potentially important sites for food caching. Wolves in Algonquin Park experience low summer food availability and high pup mortality from starvation. Caches likely serve as necessary reserve food stores for adults and pups. Recent research has shown that wetland habitats are important den and rendezvous sites for Algonquin Eastern Wolves based on prey availability and, we suggest, perhaps for food storage and accessibility. This caching behaviour was recorded on video. We recommend that future research investigate Eastern Wolf selection of food-caching sites, as a complement to other spatial ecology studies.
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Morgan, Christopher. "Modeling Modes of Hunter-Gatherer Food Storage." American Antiquity 77, no. 4 (2012): 714–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.77.4.714.
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AbstractAnalyses of the capacity and rates of different acorn storage techniques employed by the Western Mono of California’s Sierra Nevada during the very late Holacene indicate hunter-gatherers store food in at least three main modes: central-place storage, dispersed caching, and dispersed bulk caching. The advantage of caching modes over central-place ones is that they entail faster storage rates and thus the chance to maximize storage capacity when seasonality and scheduling conflicts limit storing opportunities. They also result in predictable stores of acorn separate from winter population aggregations but oftentimes near seasonally occupied camps. Central-place storage thus appears most directly related to coping with single-year seasonal variability in environmental productivity and sedentary overwintering strategies; caching, and especially bulk caching, with multi-year environmental unpredictability, overwintering and seasonal residential moves. Storage thus appears to generally develop as a response to seasonality and unpredictable environmental productivity, but its various forms are conditioned mainly by how they articulate with different mobility types. Complex Mono storage behaviors, however, were associated with regionally low population densities and relatively uncomplicated social structures nonetheless characterized by chiefs who maintained their positions by throwing feasts of stored acorn. The connections between storage, population density, and sociocultural complexity thus appear less direct and predicated on specific sociopolitical circumstance. Recognizing different modes of hunter-gatherer storage is consequently critical to assessing the roles ecology, mobility, group size, and social distinctions play in the development of disparate storage behaviors.
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Waite, Thomas A., and John D. Reeve. "Caching Behaviour in the Gray Jay and the Source-Departure Decision for Rate-Maximizing Scatterhoarders." Behaviour 120, no. 1-2 (1992): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853992x00200.
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AbstractWe developed a model that concerns, in part, how long a scatterhoarder should persist in caching food from an ephemeral, locally abundant source ('bonanza') before moving on in search of other sources. The model assumes that an animal scattering food caches for later use behaves in a manner that maximizes the rate at which it stores recoverable (surviving) food in its habitat. It is shown theoretically that under some conditions it is better not to cache all available food but instead to move on in search of other food sources. This 'source-departure decision' for scatterhoarders is analogous to the patch-departure decision for animals that forage among food patches. It is shown that whether, and at what point, a 'moving-on threshold' is reached should depend on the size of the source, the strength of density-dependent cache theft, and the abundance of sources in the habitat. A field experiment was performed to test the qualitative prediction that gray jays, Perisoreus canadensis, should not persist as long in caching food when a day-long opportunity for caching is restricted to a single source (single-source treatment) as when such an opportunity is divided among a series of disjunct sources (multiple-source treatment). In the single-source treatment, jays tended to cache at lower overall rates, transport food items to more distant cache sites, and spend less time caching. These tendencies became more pronounced later in the day. However, although the rate of caching approached zero in the single-source treatment, the jays did not completely cease caching. This apparent violation of the model is attributed to the behaviour of recaching, a facet of gray jay scatterhoarding behaviour that was not built into the model. This retrieval and redistribution of previous caches resulted in the stabilization of the density of caches near the source. In addition, this switch from single- to multiple-load caching trips arguably would make it economical for gray jays to continue to make caching trips from a source beyond the source-departure point predicted by the model. Our theoretical and empirical results begin to show how scatterhoarders may behave in a manner that maximizes the long-term average rate of storage of recoverable food energy throughout their habitat.
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Alpern, Steve, Robbert Fokkink, Thomas Lidbetter, and Nicola S. Clayton. "A search game model of the scatter hoarder's problem." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 70 (2011): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0581.
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Scatter hoarders are animals (e.g. squirrels) who cache food (nuts) over a number of sites for later collection. A certain minimum amount of food must be recovered, possibly after pilfering by another animal, in order to survive the winter. An optimal caching strategy is one that maximizes the survival probability, given worst case behaviour of the pilferer. We modify certain ‘accumulation games’ studied by Kikuta & Ruckle (2000 J. Optim. Theory Appl. ) and Kikuta & Ruckle (2001 Naval Res. Logist. ), which modelled the problem of optimal diversification of resources against catastrophic loss, to include the depth at which the food is hidden at each caching site. Optimal caching strategies can then be determined as equilibria in a new ‘caching game’. We show how the distribution of food over sites and the site-depths of the optimal caching varies with the animal's survival requirements and the amount of pilfering. We show that in some cases, ‘decoy nuts’ are required to be placed above other nuts that are buried further down at the same site. Methods from the field of search games are used. Some empirically observed behaviour can be shown to be optimal in our model.
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Clayton, N. S., D. P. Griffiths, N. J. Emery, and A. Dickinson. "Elements of episodic–like memory in animals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356, no. 1413 (2001): 1483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0947.
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A number of psychologists have suggested that episodic memory is a uniquely human phenomenon and, until recently, there was little evidence that animals could recall a unique past experience and respond appropriately. Experiments on food–caching memory in scrub jays question this assumption. On the basis of a single caching episode, scrub jays can remember when and where they cached a variety of foods that differ in the rate at which they degrade, in a way that is inexplicable by relative familiarity. They can update their memory of the contents of a cache depending on whether or not they have emptied the cache site, and can also remember where another bird has hidden caches, suggesting that they encode rich representations of the caching event. They make temporal generalizations about when perishable items should degrade and also remember the relative time since caching when the same food is cached in distinct sites at different times. These results show that jays form integrated memories for the location, content and time of caching. This memory capability fulfils Tulving's behavioural criteria for episodic memory and is thus termed ‘episodic–like’. We suggest that several features of episodic memory may not be unique to humans.
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Grodzinski, Uri, and Nicola S. Clayton. "Problems faced by food-caching corvids and the evolution of cognitive solutions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1542 (2010): 977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0210.
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The scatter hoarding of food, or caching, is a widespread and well-studied behaviour. Recent experiments with caching corvids have provided evidence for episodic-like memory, future planning and possibly mental attribution, all cognitive abilities that were thought to be unique to humans. In addition to the complexity of making flexible, informed decisions about caching and recovering, this behaviour is underpinned by a motivationally controlled compulsion to cache. In this review, we shall first discuss the compulsive side of caching both during ontogeny and in the caching behaviour of adult corvids. We then consider some of the problems that these birds face and review the evidence for the cognitive abilities they use to solve them. Thus, the emergence of episodic-like memory is viewed as a solution for coping with food perishability, while the various cache-protection and pilfering strategies may be sophisticated tools to deprive competitors of information, either by reducing the quality of information they can gather, or invalidating the information they already have. Finally, we shall examine whether such future-oriented behaviour involves future planning and ask why this and other cognitive abilities might have evolved in corvids.
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Logan, Corina J., Brigit D. Harvey, Barney A. Schlinger, and Michelle Rensel. "Western scrub-jays do not appear to attend to functionality in Aesop’s Fable experiments." PeerJ 4 (February 23, 2016): e1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1707.
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Western scrub-jays are known for their highly discriminatory and flexible behaviors in a caching (food storing) context. However, it is unknown whether their cognitive abilities are restricted to a caching context. To explore this question, we tested scrub-jays in a non-caching context using the Aesop’s Fable paradigm, where a partially filled tube of water contains a floating food reward and objects must be inserted to displace the water and bring the food within reach. We tested four birds, but only two learned to drop stones proficiently. Of these, one bird participated in 4/5 experiments and one in 2/5 experiments. Both birds passed one experiment, but without attending to the functional differences of the objects, and failed the other experiments. Scrub-jays were not motivated to participate in these experiments, suggesting that either this paradigm was ecologically irrelevant or perhaps their flexibility is restricted to a caching context.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Food caching"
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MacKillop, Emiko Alice l. "Scrounging, food caching, and family relations in the American crow." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1431164.
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Kerr, Leslie. "Caching behaviour in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius)." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30676.
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The storing of food is a common behaviour in the American kestrel ( Falco sparverius), a small, cavity-nesting falcon whose prey is comprised mainly of insects and small mammals. It may be a mechanism by which breeding birds ensure a sufficient food supply crucial to reproductive success.<br>In 1996, caching behaviour of 10 single females, 10 single males and 20 paired captive American kestrels was recorded over the breeding season at the Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University.<br>Cache site preference and seasonal influence on caching frequencies were studied in 8 hand-raised, male kestrels in summer, fall and winter from 1996--1997. Caching frequency during the three seasons was significantly different with most occurring in fall, fewer in winter, and still fewer in summer.<br>Memory for locations of cached prey was tested in 7 hand-raised males, three days after a caching event, from July to September 1997. The birds located their own caches significantly better than those caches placed by the experimenter. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Callo, Paul Alexander. "Recovery of cached food by captive blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata)." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-063011/.
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Boisvert, Michael J. "Winter food-caching, feeding, and body weight in relation to social dominance in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0014/MQ42127.pdf.
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Tibble, Kieran. "The effects of food size, pilfering and presence of a human observer on the caching behaviour of the South Island robin (Petroica australis australis)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7422.
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Caching is the behaviour in which an animal stores food for later consumption. The most likely functions of caching are that it ensures food availability when conditions are severe, and it allows storage of energy in a form other than fat. The South Island robin (Petroica australis australis) is an endemic songbird that caches food items (such as insects) for later consumption. In this study, I examined caching in robins to address three questions. Firstly, I determined whether caching is related to prey size. I provided robins with mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larva and recorded whether their propensity to cache was determined by prey size. As caching takes energy, robins should be selected to cache only the largest mealworms in which the energy return exceeds the costs of caching. I found that robins were significantly more likely to cache large mealworms while small mealworms were eaten immediately. However, there was no significant difference in the distance, height, or time taken to cache for caches of different-sized mealworms. Secondly, I determined how robins responded when their cached mealworms were pilfered by a human observer. After birds made 10 caches, I stole the three nearest caches while in sight of the caching bird. If birds perceived me as a pilferer, this should lead to future caches being stored higher up and further away from the observer. As expected, I found that robins stored food further away and more often out of sight when caching the next day in my presence. Lastly, I determined whether robins altered their caching behaviour in relation to the attentional gaze of an observer. To reduce the risk of pilfering, robins should alter their caching behaviour if being observed directly. I tested this hypothesis by altering my direction of gaze while birds cached. However, no differences were found in time taken to cache, caching distance or caching height in relation to my attentional gaze. Overall, my results indicate that caching food is dependent on food size and previous experience of cache pilferage but that more subtle cues, such as direction of gaze, are not used when robins decide on cache location. This work highlights the key roles of both prey size and risk of pilferage in the decision making process of whether or not a robin decided to cache a particular prey item, and if a cache is made, the location of these caches.
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Huamán, Romero Melina Yuriana. "Selección y caracterización de levaduras autóctonas aisladas de "cachina" del distrito de Lunahuaná." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/889.
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La “Cachina” o vino joven es una bebida obtenida por fermentación espontánea de la uva, involucra el desarrollo secuencial de varias especies de levaduras, como responsables de la fermentación alcohólica asociadas a las uvas y a los equipos de la bodega que se utilizan durante la producción artesanal de la bebida (Fleet, et al. 1984).
El objetivo del presente estudio es seleccionar y caracterizar cepas nativas de levaduras asociadas a Cachina de las bodegas de Lunahuaná a través de metodologías simples y factibles para ser utilizadas como cultivos iniciadores en la vinificación de la región, favoreciendo a una mayor estabilización microbiológica y asegurando la calidad de la bebida.
La caracterización y los criterios de selección de levaduras se basan en ciertas características metabólicas y fisiológicas. Todas las levaduras aisladas fueron sometidas a pruebas de identificación según Kreger-van Rij (1984) y Kurtzman y Fell (1998). Para la selección de levaduras se evaluaron las propiedades como tolerancia al etanol y altas concentraciones de glucosa (Osho, 2005), detección de la actividad killer (Sangorrín et al, 2002) y resistencia a anhídrido sulfuroso (Regodón, 1998).
A partir de Cachina, se identificaron 88 cepas a nivel de especie. Las especies encontradas y su frecuencia de aparición fueron Saccharomyces cerevisiae 64% (56), Kloeckera apiculata 23% (20), Saccharomyces sp. 11% (10), Candida sp. 2%(2). De 17 cepas Saccharomyces cerevisae preseleccionadas debido a su habilidad fermentativa fueron probadas mediante metodologías simples de selección. La cepa S. cerevisiae 2CA.1 destacó entre todas, por tener poder fermentativo, tolerar significativamente concentraciones de 10% de etanol, crecer óptimamente en 20% de glucosa y resistir concentraciones elevadas de anhídrido sulfuroso (hasta 300mg/l), además de ser productoras de toxinas killer, lo cual indicaría su gran capacidad de adaptación para imponerse como posible iniciador en el mosto de uva y lograr elaborar vinos estandarizados y de calidad.<br>The Cachina or the young wine is a beverage obtained by spontaneous fermentation of the grape, involves the sequential development of various species of yeasts. as representatives of the alcoholic fermentation associated with grapes and winery equipment are used during the production of handicrafts drinking. (Fleet et. al. 1984).
The aim of this study is to identify and characterize yeast strains associated with native Cachina of Lunahuaná wineries through simple and feasible methods to be used finally as starter cultures in winemaking in the region, favoring a further stabilization and ensuring the microbiological quality of the drink.
Characterization and selection criteria are based on yeast metabolic and physiological characteristics. All yeast isolates were tested for identification according Kreger-van Rij (1984) and Kurtzman and Fell (1998). For selection yeast were assessed according properties such as tolerance to ethanol and high concentrations of glucose (Osho, 2005), detection of killer activity (Sangorrín et al, 2002) and resistance to sulfur dioxide (Regodón, 1998).
From 88 yeast isolated and identified to species level. The species found and their frequencies of occurrence were Saccharomyces cerevisiae 64% (56). Kloeckera apiculata 23% (20), Saccharomyces sp. 11% (10), Candida sp. 2% (2). 17 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae preselected due to their fermentative abilities were tested using simple methodologies for selection. The strain S. cerevisiae 2CA.1 distinguish form all the yeast for having a great fermentative ability, significantly tolerate concentrations of 10% ethanol, grow optimally in 20% glucose and resist high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (up to 300 mg /I), as well as toxin-producing killer, iridicating its great capacity to being a possible starter in the grape rnost and to produce wines of quality and standardized.<br>Tesis
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Polo, Gonzales María Andrea. "Nematofauna del género Thomasomys coues, 1884 (Rodentia: cricetidae) en el bosque relicto de cachil (provincia Contumazá, departamento Cajamarca, Perú)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15778.
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El género Thomasomys se distribuye en Sudamérica, principalmente en hábitats arbustivos
y boscosos a lo largo de la Cordillera de los Andes, en bosques Premontanos y Montanos y
en Páramo. Es considerado el género más diverso de roedores en el Perú y cuenta
actualmente con 18 especies descritas en el país, no obstante su gran diversidad se conoce
muy poco sobre sus parásitos. El Bosque de Cachil, Cajamarca, es el bosque relicto más
sureño de la vertiente occidental; mucha de su biodiversidad aún se desconoce y gran parte
de ella también se ha perdido. Se tiene solo un reporte de nematofauna para el género
Thomasomys en Colombia: Hypocristata thomasomysi para Thomasomys sp. El propósito
del presente estudio es ampliar el conocimiento de los nemátodos parásitos en tres especies
de Thomasomys encontrados en Perú, en el Bosque de Cachil, región Cajamarca. Se
capturaron 49 ejemplares de roedores del género Thomasomys: 10 T. cinereus, 20 T.
pyrrhonotus y 19 T. taczanowskii. Se registraron 12 especies de nemátodos en total y todas
como primer reporte para el género, de las cuales 6 especies se identificaron en T. cinereus,
10 especies en T. pyrrhonotus y 11 especies en T. taczanowskii. Además, las especies
Malvinema sp.1, Malvinema sp.2, Pterygodermatites (P.) zygodontomys y Pterygodermatites
(P.) sp. se encontraron en las 3 especies de Thomasomys; mientras que Echinocoleus sp.
se identificó solo en T. pyrrhonotus y T. taczanoskii y Trichuris sp. únicamente en T. cinereus.
Se reporta por primera vez al género Echinocoleus y a las especies S. kinsellai y
Pterygodermatites (P.) zygodontomys en Perú y se amplía la distribución de A. raillieti, P.
numidica, Syphacia, Pterygodermatites, Vianella, y Hassalstrongylus en la región Cajamarca.
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Moncada, Sosa Wilmer Enrique. "Análisis del balance de masa para la evaluación del régimen hidrológico empleando técnicas de teledetección satelital y modelos hidrológicos – Caso estudio: Cabecera de la cuenca Cachi-Apacheta, Región Ayacucho." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/17546.
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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el balance de masa para la evaluación
del régimen hídrico de la cabecera de cuenca Cachi-Apacheta de la Región Ayacucho,
empleando técnicas de teledetección satelital y modelos hidrológicos. Se utilizó datos satelitales
de los sensores TM, ETM+, OLI-TIRS, MODIS para la estimación del área de cobertura nival
y de la zona nival por encima de los 4800 ms.n.m a partir del NDSI, del área de cobertura de
vegetación y sus clases a partir del NDVI, del área de cobertura de humedad del suelo y sus
clases a partir del NDWI, de la temperatura superficial del suelo de toda el área de estudio y de
la zona nival, la evapotranspiración potencial del producto MOD16A2 del sensor MODIS,
todos ellos requeridos por el modelo hidrológico PRMS-IV, además de un DEM y de los datos
de la estación meteorológica Apacheta, lográndose obtener el balance de masa en la
microcuenca Apacheta durante el periodo 2000 – 2018. La validación del caudal simulado es
aceptable, con un valor del índice de eficiencia de Nash de 0,89. Los resultados muestran que
la curva de duración de flujo del caudal en el punto de aforo en la primera bocatoma indica un
valor medio de 3,61 m3
/s, con una tendencia anual del caudal decreciente de 1,56 m3
/s desde el
2000 al 2018. El incremento de la evapotranspiración potencial en 0,16 mm/día, la disminución
de la cobertura nival en 440,319 ha, el aumento de la cobertura vegetal en 873,01 ha, el
incremento de la cobertura de humedad del suelo en 37,22 ha, el incremento de la temperatura
superficial del suelo en la zona nival de 5,8 °C, desde el año 1985 al 2018, son indicadores de
un impacto negativo en los ecosistemas de la microcuenca Apacheta en un posible escenario
futuro.<br>EE.UU. Programa PEER de USAID.
Proyecto “Strengthening resilience of andean
river basin headwaters facing global change”
(PGA_084063)
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Chumpitaz, Champác Raúl Martín. "Ampliación del alcance de la Certificación del Sistema Integrado de Gestión Ambiental (ISO 14001:2004) y de Seguridad, Salud en el Trabajo (OHSAS 18001:2007) en la Unidad Minera Cachica." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8872.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor<br>Desarrolla la ampliación del alcance de un Sistema de Gestión Medio Ambiental (ISO 14001:2004) y de Seguridad, Salud en el Trabajo (OHSAS 18001:2007), debido a que la Unidad Logística Cachica es un denuncio en demasía que no cuenta con el alcance de las certificaciones de ambas empresas (Zona compartida MARSA – CMHSA) orientada a aumentar su competitividad dentro del mercado regional y nacional, en base al análisis de los indicios hallados como la baja producción de mineral, llegando a determinar la necesidad de una mejora continua en el área de ventilación y ampliando el alcance a toda la empresa MARSA, en especial a la unidad minera Cachica conforme a las últimas tendencias existentes en los ámbitos del Sistema Integrado de Gestión. La integración del medio ambiente en todos los aspectos de la vida de las sociedades es, en la actualidad, un hecho innegable y aceptado como permanente, sean cuales sean las diferencias que puedan existir en el ritmo y la velocidad con que esta integración se produzca en cada situación en concreto. Los SGA y SST permiten incorporar a la gestión general de la empresa, dándole un valor estratégico y de ventaja competitiva. Un sistema de gestión ambiental dota a la empresa de una herramienta de trabajo para sistematizar las buenas prácticas realizadas hasta el momento y asegurar su mejora continua. El sistema integrado de gestión ayudará a la organización Marsa (unidad minera Cachica), a tener herramientas e instrumentos de prevención, evitar, reducir, controlar los impactos ambientales y los riesgos críticos adversos de sus actividades, asegurar un mejor cumplimiento de los requisitos legales aplicables y otros que la organización suscribe y ayudara a la mejora continua, el desempeño ambiental, y la seguridad y salud ocupacional (SISSOMAC). Así mismo, el trabajo toma como referencia la Ley N° 30222 Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, (10 de Julio del 2014) y su respectivo reglamento. En el rubro de minería tenemos el Reglamento de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, D.S. 055-2010 EM, vigente desde el 01 de Enero del 2011, el cual fue la guía, para el presente trabajo.<br>Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Food caching"
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Castleberry, Nikole L., and Steven B. Castleberry. "Food Selection and Caching Behavior." In The Allegheny Woodrat. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36051-5_6.
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Raby, Caroline R., and Nicola S. Clayton. "Episodic-Like Memory in Food-Caching Birds." In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_743.
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Liao, YingJie, Jia Chen, and ZheQiong Yan. "The Application of Caching Technology in Food-Safety Tracing System." In Advances in Computer Science, Environment, Ecoinformatics, and Education. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23357-9_97.
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"Food-Caching Birds." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_300880.
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Kamil, A. C., and K. L. Gould. "Memory in Food Caching Animals." In Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012370509-9.00062-0.
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Clayton, Nicola S., Joanna M. Dally, and Nathan J. Emery. "Social cognition by food-caching corvids. The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist." In Social Intelligence: from Brain to Culture. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199216543.003.0002.
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Abstract Food-caching corvids hide food, but such caches are susceptible to pilfering by other individuals. Consequently, the birds use several counter strategies to protect their caches from theft, e.g. hiding most of them out of sight. When observed by potential pilferers at the time of caching, experienced jays that have been thieves themselves, take further protective action. Once the potential pilferers have left, they move caches those birds have seen, re-hiding them in new places. Naive birds that had no thieving experience do not do so. By focusing on the counter strategies of the cacher when previously observed by a potential pilferer, these results raise the intriguing possibility that re-caching is based on a form of mental attribution, namely the simulation of another bird’s view-point.
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Grubb, Thomas C. "Nutritional consequences of self-cached food." In Ptilochronology. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199295500.003.0007.
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Abstract In the temperate and boreal zones, animals from honey bees to beavers store food during the growing season for use during the winter when food is non-renewing. Birds are among the better-studied examples of such food-hoarders. During the last several decades, research has focused on two aspects of caching. The first line of work has searched for the mechanisms behind some birds’ apparently extraordinary ability to remember the location of and retrieve hundreds or even thousands of individual caches they have previously sequestered within their homerange. (Russell Balda, a pioneer of this line of research, once determined that Clark’s nutcrackers, his study animal, could remember where they had cached food considerably better than could his graduate students!) The second line of investigation has focused on the adaptive value, the fitness benefits, of caching and it is to this second line that ptilochronology has made a contribution. The four studies detailed below all demonstrate, through increased rate of induced feather growth, that birds derive a nutritional benefit from retrieving food items they have previously cached.
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"The geomorphic effects of digging for and caching food." In Zoogeomorphology. Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511529900.005.
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Raby, C. R., and N. S. Clayton. "The Cognition of Caching and Recovery in Food-Storing Birds." In Advances in the Study of Behavior. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-3454(10)41001-3.
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Clayton, Nicola S., and Jill A. Soha. "Memory in Avian Food Caching and Song Learning: A General Mechanism or Different Processes?" In Advances in the Study of Behavior. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60217-x.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Food caching"
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Brea, Johanni, and Wulfram Gerstner. "A Memory-Augmented Reinforcement Learning Model of Food Caching Behaviour in Birds." In 2019 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2019.1316-0.
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Roche, Kevin H., and Anne K. Hewes. "ecomaine: An Integrated Waste Management System." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7064.
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ecomaine manages solid waste for its member communities through an integrated strategy that includes a single sort recycling center, a waste-to-energy (WTE) power plant and a 250 acre landfill for residual ash. The public organization has over 40 member communities in Maine which equates to over 24% of the State’s population. Established as a non-profit in the 1970’s with a mission to address trash disposal for future generations, a comprehensive waste system has emerged. The method of balefilling municipal solid waste (MSW) was replaced by a state-of-the-art WTE facility in 1988 and the multiple-sort recycling system was upgraded to a single-sort advanced system in 2007. Roughly 170,000 tons of MSW are processed through the WTE facility each year. This results in an average of 83,000–105,000 megawatt-hours of electricity generated annually. Since 2005, recycling tonnage has increased 71% from 21,000 to 36,000 tons. The State of Maine established a “Solid Waste Management Hierarchy” in 2007 cascading in disposal preference from Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Compost, Waste-to-Energy to Landfilling MSW. ecomaine is researching the feasibility of implementing an organics recovery system that would include food waste to further advance the Solid Waste Hierarchy and State’s recycling goal of 50%. ecomaine continues to manage its resources through innovation that highlight the resiliency of an integrated waste management system. For example, ecomaine has adapted to periods of waste shortages through strategies of caching MSW during times of higher waste generation and storing that waste until it is needed. ecomaine selects cover material for temporary use that is combustible so that it can efficiently be processed through the WTE facility. When fuel is scarce, the cached material is returned to the WTE as a fuel input. Another example, of matching a waste to a beneficial reuse is ecomaine’s ash metals mining project for the recovery of both ferrous metals and valuable non-ferrous material from screened ash. ecomaine strives to sustainably treat residual waste streams after enhanced resource recovery, re-use and recycling efforts and embrace an integrated waste management system. While challenges face many waste disposal operations such as changing regulations, ecomaine communities believe an integrated system with a good design and forward-looking plant management allow for a robust and effective service, as the ecomaine example shows.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Food caching"
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Allegheny woodrat and eastern small-footed bat inventory: White Rocks ? Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302513.
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Surveys were conducted for the presence of Allegheny woodrats, eastern small-footed bats, and their habitat within Sample Units surrounding potential climbing routes on the White Rocks cliff of Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. White Rocks is a 200-300ft south facing cliff along the Virginia- Kentucky border that contains the typical habitat requirements of both species: rock ledges, outcrops, or a network of fissures and crevices surrounded by forested habitat. The eastern small-footed bat uses this type of habitat primarily during the summer months for roosting while the Allegheny woodrat is present year-round building nests within deep crevices. The eastern small-footed bat is listed as threatened in Kentucky and both are considered Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Virginia. The rock-climbing community has approached the National Park Service with interest in opening the cliff to recreational climbing. The results of this survey will be used to assess impacts to the species and aid in the studies required for the potential development of a formal climbing management plan. Surveys were conducted from August 24 to September 3, 2021, and included searches of the cliff face via rappelling, ground searches of suitable habitat surrounding the rim and base of the climbing routes, and noninvasive woodrat camera trap and bat acoustic surveys. Suitable eastern small-footed bat and Allegheny woodrat habitat was documented along all eleven potential climbing routes, and results of the acoustic and camera trap surveys confirmed the presence of both species. Surveyors did not observe roosting bats during visual encounter surveys, so we cannot confirm they are roosting along the specific climbing routes. It is likely they are using or could use the habitat at some point given their presence at the site. Surveyors did not observe obvious sign of woodrat presence, perhaps due to the complexity of the cliff habitat, but woodrats were captured at 32 of 37 (86%) camera sites. Video of woodrat activity at sites F3-C3, MF-C3, and CC-C1 confirm that these cameras were placed at crevices actively used by woodrats for caching food. Woodrat activity was captured on the first night at nearly half of the camera sites (40%) and within all Sample Units except SU-4. This suggests that the rim and/or base of most climbing routes are at or near core activity centers. Detection data was fitted to occupancy models to estimate probabilities of site occupancy and detection. Consistent with observations of woodrat activity detection probabilities and na?ve estimates of occupancy indicate woodrats are active at both the rim and base throughout the white rocks area. Design constraints, however, make it difficult to make strong inferences about factors affecting occupancy at the site or to predict occupancy at unsampled areas of the White Rocks cliff. Detection probabilities were high in all Sample Units especially after the first night of detection and were positively associated with habitat. However, these variables had little to do with site occupancy rates and are not very informative for predicting the influence of climbing activities on Allegheny woodrats. Research on the effects of rock climbing to roosting bats and Allegheny woodrats is lacking, but it has the potential to negatively impact these species both directly and indirectly. Directly through disturbance or harm to roosting bats or woodrats during climbing activities and indirectly through degradation of the cliff face and loss of suitable habitat. Whether climbing activities negatively affect the population of either species may depend on the amount of suitable habitat in areas where climbing does not occur and the extent of climbing activities. Suitable habitat does not appear to be a limiting factor at the site and the White Rocks cliff area extends beyond the potential climbing areas. These and other factors such as the presence of other species of concern should be considered when evaluating alternatives to continue climbing closures or consider opening the cliff to recreational climbing with protection measures. Measures that may reduce the impact of climbing activities on these species include additional surveys to determine exact roosting or nesting areas, restrictions on the amount and timing of climbing activities, restrictions on actions that degrade or remove vegetation from the rock surface, and education about the presence of these species at the site.