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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "France Tariff"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 26 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2025

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1

Pincus, Jonathan. "International Trade and Political Conflict: Commerce, Coalitions, and Mobility. By Michael J Hiscox. Princeton, NJ, and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002. Pp xiv, 209. $49.50, cloth; $18.95, paper." Journal of Economic History 63, no. 1 (2003): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703621807.

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This short book has a novel thesis, which is that the degree of factor mobility at the national level influenced the politics of foreign-trade policies. When factor mobility was high, tariff legislation was class legislation. When mobility was low, tariffs were decided by interest-group competition. Michael Hiscox brings data on mobility to bear on the history of foreign trade policies of the six countries—the United States, Britain, France, Sweden, Canada, and Australia—over the last one or two hundred years or so, devoting a chapter to each. He then tests his ideas quantitatively on U.S. con

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2

Cohen, Albert, Gilles Dupin, and Charles Levi. "Tarification de l'Incendie des Risques Industriels Français par la Méthode de la Crédibilité." ASTIN Bulletin 16, no. 2 (1986): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.16.2.2015005.

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AbstractThe industrial risks insurance market has shown a deficit for a few years, in France as well as in other European countries. In order to change that situation, insurers, with the help of their professional organizations, have begun to re-build their tariffs. Further, the progressive opening of the services European market has led these countries towards a standardization of their actuarial methods to estimate premiums. Among these methods, the credibility approach has already been adopted by Germany, Switzerland and partly by Belgium.We have applied this method to statistical data from

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Romashchenko, M. I., R. V. Saidak, V. P. Panteleev, and S. R. Goss. "ANALYSIS OF METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF WATER TARIFFS FOR IRRIGATION AND COMPENSATION OF COSTS FOR RECLAMATION INFRASTRUCTURE: THE EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 1 (July 11, 2023): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-361.

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The practice of EU countries on the establishment of water tariffs for irrigation of agricultural crops and the procedures for recouping funds spent on water supply for irrigation is considered. As the main sources of information for the manuscript were noted publications and regulatory documents of Ukraine, reports of EU bodies, and the World Bank, in which a critical analysis of pricing practices in irrigated agriculture in EU countries for 2005-2023 was carried out. The grouping of information on the area of irrigated land, the level of return of funds spent on water supply, and attention i

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Cantin, Frédéric P., and Andreas F. Lowenfeld. "Rules of Origin, the Canada-U.S. FTA, and the Honda Case." American Journal of International Law 87, no. 3 (1993): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203644.

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In a regime of universal most-favored-nation treatment for the entry of goods, where a product originates makes very little difference, except for consumer preferences. Buyers may prefer perfumes made in France, watches from Switzerland, cheese from Holland, but cheese from France, perfumes from Switzerland, and watches from Holland will come into the United States, or Canada, or any other country that grants MFN treatment at the same rate of duty, and there is no incentive (for tariff purposes) for anyone to wrap a product made in Patria in the mantle of Xandia.

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Rostoker, Guy. "Cost of Home Dialysis in France." Bulletin de la Dialyse à Domicile 5, no. 3 (2022): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25796/bdd.v5i3.67593.

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Summary Medico-economic evaluation is defined as economic evaluation applied to the health field. It is a comparative analysis of different diagnostic, therapeutic or preventive strategies, based on their costs and health outcomes. We have only one medico-economic study on the costs of dialysis in France, carried out by the Haute Autorité de Santé, which covered the year 2012 and consisted of cross-referencing 3 databases: the Registre Réseau Épidémiologique et Information en Néphrologie and the Système National d’Informations Inter-régimes de l’Assurance Maladie et de l’Hospitalisation.

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Makarov, N. A. "RUSSIA AND THE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM IN THE END OF 1810 – EARLY 1811. THROUGH THE PRISM OF A.B. KURAKIN’S ACTIVITIES." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 08, no. 03 (2024): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2024-08-03-74-83.

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This article highlights the political position in Paris of the Russian Ambassador, Prince A.B. Kurakin, regarding the Continental System of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1810-1811. The activity of the prince was out of sight of historians for a long period because of their biased attitude towards his figure. This article includes the analysis of highlights of Prince Kurakin’s activities according to the Continental System declared by Napoleon (negotiations on new tariffs between Russia and France, regulation of neutral trade, actions of French corsairs etc.). This analysis is based on published source

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Goeteyn, Geert. "EC Aviation Scene (Major 2006 Developments)." Air and Space Law 32, Issue 1 (2007): 40–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2007005.

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This article gives an overview of important developments on the EC aviation scene in 2006 (up to 31 October 2006). It then examines in more detail two specific developments, namely (a) the review by the European Commission (Commission) of the block exemption exempting IATA passenger tariff conferences and slot and scheduling conferences; and (b) the judgement of the European Court of First Instance, rejecting easyJet’s appeal against the Commission’s clearance (subject to conditions) of the Air France/KLM merger.

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Cui, Wei. "The Digital Services Tax on the Verge of Implementation." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 67, no. 4 (2019): 1135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2019.67.4.sym.cui.

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France enacted the digital services tax (DST) in 2019, and similar legislation is pending in the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, and other countries. The DST can be viewed as a tax on location-specific rent (LSR), and it arguably solves genuinely new problems in international taxation. The author briefly reviews this justification of the DST and further examines the DST design in light of three criticisms. The first criticism is that certain features of the DST render it similar to distortionary import tariffs. The second is that the DST would not be borne by digital platforms but would only be

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Milanés-Montero, Patricia, Alberto Arroyo-Farrona, and Esteban Pérez-Calderón. "Assessment of the Influence of Feed-In Tariffs on the Profitability of European Photovoltaic Companies." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (2018): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103427.

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Feed-in tariff policies have been the most common and effective tool contributing towards the important growth in photovoltaic solar energy in Europe. The purpose of this study is to analyze their influence on the economic profitability of photovoltaic companies operating in the most characteristic regions, Germany, Italy, France and Spain in the period 2008–2012. Variables characterizing these companies are also included. Regarding the method, a static linear panel data model is used. The results show how feed-in tariffs (FITs henceforth) have in fact had a significant positive influence on t

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Ouédraogo, Sarah, Ghjuvan Antone Faggianelli, Guillaume Pigelet, Jean Laurent Duchaud, and Gilles Notton. "Application of Optimal Energy Management Strategies for a Building Powered by PV/Battery System in Corsica Island." Energies 13, no. 17 (2020): 4510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174510.

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The use of renewable energy sources, and in particular photovoltaics, can effectively reduce the supply of household energy from the main grid, contributing to a more sustainable community. In this paper, several energy management strategies were applied to an existing microgrid with photovoltaic (PV) production and battery storage in view to supply in electricity a building and an electric vehicle located in Ajaccio, France. The purpose was to determine how the choice of a management strategy can impact the cost and the energy share in the microgrid, using the actual electricity tariff in Fra

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Hulych, Olha I. "European practice of ensuring an efficient environmental safety in water management." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 6(146) (2020): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-6-10.

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For Ukraine as the country undergoing the transfer to the integrated management of water resources based on the basin principle, the European experience of such management is quite valuable. The best practices and achieved results in securing efficient environmental safety in the EU water management can be considered and used by national policymakers and experts in forming the policy and legal framework for environmentally sound water management in Ukraine. The paper aims to generalize the European experience of achieving efficient environmental safety in water management and revealing the bes

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Nye, John Vincent. "The Myth of Free-Trade Britain and Fortress France: Tariffs and Trade in the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Economic History 51, no. 1 (1991): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700038341.

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This examination of official commercial statistics suggests that the conventional wisdom regarding early free-trade efforts of Britain and France is wrong. French average tariff levels were, surprisingly, consistently below those of Britain throughout most of the nineteenth century, even after the abolition of the Corn Laws and before passage of the 1860 Treaty of Commerce. Previous scholarship has focused on French commercial policies covering a narrow range of items and has largely ignored the overall trade policies of both nations. This study moves us further away from stories of developmen

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Maiorino, Angelo, Adrián Mota-Babiloni, Manuel Gesù Del Duca, and Ciro Aprea. "Scheduling Optimization of a Cabinet Refrigerator Incorporating a Phase Change Material to Reduce Its Indirect Environmental Impact." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082154.

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Phase Change Materials (PCMs) incorporated in refrigerators can be used to shift their energy consumption from peak periods, when the electric network energy demand is the highest, to off-peak periods. While PCMs can flatten the energy demand curve, they can achieve economic savings if Time-of-Use (TOU) electricity tariffs are applied. However, the hourly carbon emission factor is not commonly linked to the hourly tariff, and the final CO2 emitted due to the operations of the refrigerator would not be fully optimized. In this work, a method based on the Simulated Annealing optimization techniq

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Roman, Monika. "Polski handel zagraniczny środkami mechanizacji rolnictwa w latach 2004-2015." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 1 (2017): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.1.15.

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The aim of the article was to determine the changes in foreign trade of farm machinery in Poland in 2004-2015. The article presents the value of exports and imports of farm machinery in total, according to geographical area, as well as for selected types of agricultural machinery. The article uses secondary data from the Ministry of Finance, gathered as part of the Integrated Customs Tariff Information System. In the analyzed period, Poland was characterized by a negative balance of foreign trade. The value of imports of farm machinery increased more than threefold, while the value of exports

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Nurhayati, Ely, Sri Hartoyo, and Sri Mulatsih. "PENGEMBANGAN PASAR EKSPOR LADA INDONESIA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 12, no. 2 (2018): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v12i2.335.

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AbstrakSalah satu komoditas yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan kinerja ekspor Indonesia sebagai negara agraris adalah lada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pasar potensial untuk ekspor lada yang bisa dikembangkan, serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor komoditas lada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RCA, EPD, X-Model, dan Gravity Model. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan model RCA, EPD, dan X-model menunjukkan bahwa ‘pasar optimis’ untuk dikembangkan adalah Belanda. Sedangkan ‘pasar potensial’ untuk dikembangkan adalah Malaysia, Vietnam, Korea Selatan, Rusi

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Conybeare, John. "Trade Wars: A Comparative Study of Anglo-Hanse, Franco-Italian, and Hawley-Smoot Conflicts." World Politics 38, no. 1 (1985): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010354.

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Three trade wars are examined using variable-sum game theory. The Anglo-Hanse trade wars (1300–1700) are explained as an iterated Prisoners' Dilemma that failed to evolve into cooperation due to transaction costs, rent seeking, and economic recession. The late-igthcentury tariff war between France and Italy is a case of an asymmetric trade war that illustrates the danger to a weak country of provoking a trade war with a strong country, with the result that the former is forced to make major concessions. The Hawley-Smoot conflicts of the 1930s are cited as an example of the cooperation-inhibiti

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Pimenova, Ludmila. "French Provinces “Considered Foreign”: Obstacles to Free Trade or Limits of Loyalty?" ISTORIYA 15, no. 5 (139) (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840031592-0.

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The article discusses the features of the tax regime in France of the Old Order and the attitudes of contemporaries towards them. Provinces and pays, that were part of the French monarchy, differed in their legal status and paid taxes differently. In the 18th century the designation of three categories of provinces came into use. Along with the “space” of the kingdom, or the zone of “five large farms”, more than half of the country’s territory covered “provinces considered foreign” and “provinces really similar to foreign ones”. Differences in the tax regime, persisted until the beginning of t

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Nurhayati, Ely, Sri Hartoyo, and Sri Mulatsih. "Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Pala, Lawang, dan Kapulaga Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 19, no. 2 (2019): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v19i2.847.

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Export is an important component in the economy. The higher export performance, the greater positive impact. From 2012 to 2016, Indonesia’s exports continued to decline, so Indonesia needs to boost its exports. One of the potential commodities to be developed is nutmeg, mace, and cardamoms. This study analyzed the competitiveness of nutmeg, mace, and cardamoms, as well as the factors aecting its exports. The methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity. The competitiveness analysis showed that the optimistic export markets were Pakistan, Germany, Italy, and USA. The potential export markets

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Sabila, Alana. "Trade Disruptions in the Dairy Sector: Analyzing EU Exports to China under Tariff Pressure." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 31, no. 4 (2025): 20–35. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2025/v31i41281.

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This study examines the economic impact of tariffs and subsidies on global trade, focusing on the dairy and automotive sectors, using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model based on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) framework. The findings reveal that Chinese tariffs on EU dairy imports led to significant export declines and production contractions in major exporting countries, such as France and Germany. At the same time, smaller exporters with niche markets, like Greece, experienced modest gains. The effects on welfare were uneven, with some EU countries achieving slight improve

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Pöhlmann, J., K. Norrbacka, K. S. Boye, W. J. Valentine, and H. Sapin. "Costs and where to find them: identifying unit costs for health economic evaluations of diabetes in France, Germany and Italy." European Journal of Health Economics 21, no. 8 (2020): 1179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01229-1.

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Abstract Background Health economic evaluations require cost data as key inputs. Many countries do not have standardized reference costs so costs used often vary between studies, thereby reducing transparency and transferability. The present review provided a comprehensive overview of cost sources and suggested unit costs for France, Germany and Italy, to support health economic evaluations in these countries, particularly in the field of diabetes. Methods A literature review was conducted across multiple databases to identify published unit costs and cost data sources for resource items commo

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Kim, Joy A., and Barbara Fliess. "Non–tariff Barriers Facing Trade in Selected Environmental Goods and Associated Services." Journal of World Trade 42, Issue 3 (2008): 535–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2008023.

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Surveying 136 exporting firms from ten Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and non–OECD countries, this article documents the incidence, and impact of, non–tariff measures that are perceived to act as barriers to trade in seven sectors of environmental goods and associated services. Although the DDA has a mandate to address, inter alia, such trade barriers, information shedding light on the specific problems that firms encounter in their export activities has been scarce. Accounts by exporting firms in Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, India, Japan, Kore

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Nurhayati, Ely, Sri Hartoyo, and Sri Mulatsih. "Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Cengkeh Indonesia." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 7, no. 1 (2018): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.7.1.2018.21-42.

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Exports are an important component of the economy. The higher export performance, the greater positive impact on the economy. From 2012 to 2016, Indonesia's exports continue to decline, so Indonesia needs to boost its exports again. One of the potential commodities developed is cloves. This study analyzes the development of Indonesian clove exports by finding out the competitiveness of cloves, as well as factors affecting its exports. The methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity. The results of the analysis found that an optimistic market developed is Pakistan, Germany, Italy and United

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Nurhayati, Ely, Sri Hartoyo, and Sri Mulatsih. "Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Cengkeh Indonesia." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 7, no. 1 (2018): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.7.1.21-42.

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Exports are an important component of the economy. The higher export performance, the greater positive impact on the economy. From 2012 to 2016, Indonesia's exports continue to decline, so Indonesia needs to boost its exports again. One of the potential commodities developed is cloves. This study analyzes the development of Indonesian clove exports by finding out the competitiveness of cloves, as well as factors affecting its exports. The methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity. The results of the analysis found that an optimistic market developed is Pakistan, Germany, Italy and United

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Albinsson, Staffan. "Avoiding silent opera: the ‘grand’ performing right at work in nineteenth century Paris." European Journal of Law and Economics 51, no. 1 (2021): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10657-020-09677-z.

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AbstractThe music industry has been made possible through performing rights based on a law introduced by the post-revolutionary French national assembly in 1791. However, it took until the mid-nineteenth century until a system of royalty collection was established in France (and another half a century or more in other countries). In France, this new system for non-dramatic performing rights was preceded by royalty regulations in theatres. This study describes how nineteenth century composers were compensated for their work in the Paris Opera through this performing right for drama, known as th

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Prasetyo, Agung, Sri Marwanti, and Darsono . "The Influence of Exchange Rate on CPO Exports of Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 18, no. 2 (2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v18i2.4233.

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This study analyzes the effect of the exchange rate (IDR to US Dollar) on Indonesian CPO exports using Error Correction Model (ECM). The result of ECM analysis showed that exchange rate has a weak effect on Indonesian CPO export. These were due to several things; first, it takes a time to produce CPO. Second, importers are unaware of price changes. Third, policy factors, such as refusal of Indonesian CPO in USA and imposition of high import duty tariff in France. Fourth, price factor of CPO substitution goods and negative issues in the palm oil industry. Fifth, Indonesian exporters were less c

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Noor, Faizan, Aiman Noor Bhutta, and Irfan Farooq. "The Determinants of Leather Exports of Pakistan: A Gravity Panel Approach." Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 7, no. 1 (2023): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.713.

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The study determined the factors that significantly influence the leather sector exports using extended gravity model containing real gross domestic product (RGDP) of Pakistan & trading partner, geographical distance, real exchange rate (RER) and tariff (TOIL) as explanatory variables with the selected top ten Pakistani leather exports destinations Germany, USA, Italy, Spain, U.K, Netherlands, France, Hong Kong, China, and Canada for the period 1991 to 2020. Feasible Generalized Least Square method is utilized to estimate the coefficients of the model. The empirical findings of the study i

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Pimenova, Ludmila. "Philosophers and Men of Letters: Intellectuals’ Place in Society in 18th Century France." Odysseus. Man in History 28, no. 1 (2022): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/1607-6184-2022-28-1-96-116.

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In the Age of Enlightenment, there was an idea that a person who possesses knowledge and is able to distribute it among the reading public has a social mission to do so. The transformation of the public sphere entailed an increase in the role of cultural capital and its holders. In France, Turgot set them the task of educating citizens and the nation. Contemporaries used the concepts writer and philosopher to refer to intellectuals active in the public sphere. These terms were often used as synonyms, which was reflected in dictionaries and encyclopedias of the eighteenth century. Writers thems

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Solov'eva, Ekaterina, Marina Popova, and Denis Pogodin. "Waste recycling: share in the structure of the tariff for the treatment of solid municipal waste in the Vologda region." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701024.

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In the modern world, the issues of solid municipal waste disposal, as part of the problem of environmental protection, are quite acute These problems are relevant for Russia and for many other world powers. The Russian Federation is one of the most polluted countries in the world, which negatively affects the quality of life and the health of the population of its regions. The annual increase in the volume of municipal solid waste is part of the man-made impact of man on the natural environment. To make strategic decisions on this issue, it is necessary to understand the policy of MSW manageme

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Bonnet, Céline, and Jan Philip Schain. "AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF MERGERS: EFFICIENCY GAINS AND IMPACT ON CONSUMER PRICES." Journal of Competition Law & Economics 16, no. 1 (2020): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhaa001.

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Abstract In this article, we extend the literature on merger simulation models by incorporating its potential synergy gains into structural econometric analysis. We present an integrated approach. We estimate a structural demand and supply model dealing with two-part tariff contracts between manufacturers and retailers as in Bonnet and Dubois (2010). This model allows us to recover the marginal cost of each differentiated product. Then we estimate potential efficiency gains using the data envelopment analysis approach of Bogetoft and Wang (2005), and some assumptions about exogenous cost shift

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Trofymenko, Olena, Serhii Voitko, Tetiana Pavlenco, and Yurii Tashcheiev. "ECONOMIC STIMULATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE WORLD AND IN UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 31(4) (2021): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.04.089.

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The article is devoted to the study of areas of economic incentives for entrepreneurship development in the field of renewable energy in the world and Ukraine. Indicators of energy security, economic measurement, and cost of electricity for business are systematized. A graphical interpretation of the cost of electricity in terms of the ratio of the index of economic dimension and energy security in selected countries – some neighbouring countries, partners of Ukraine, and countries with leading economies, which allowed to implement a methodological approach to identify key areas for effective

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Okoko, Charles Okeke. "ECOEXIT: On The Rationality of a Disintegrating ECOWAS Bloc, 1975-2025." International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies 11, no. 1 (2025): 40–54. https://doi.org/10.37745/ijirmmcs.15/vol11n14054.

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The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) evolved gradually since 1975. Its creation was intended for cooperation and an envisaged eventual integration in trade, security, unified tariff systems and legalities in a common court and parliament. Did these expectations come to fruition? Did the signatories reap optimal benefits from the ECOWAS? What were the cost-benefit implications for the exiting nations of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger vis-à-vis their economies, politics, security and, generally, freedom of movements and migrations? These nations exited seemingly because the ECOWA

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Balibrea-Iniesta, José. "Economic Analysis of Renewable Energy Regulation in France: A Case Study for Photovoltaic Plants Based on Real Options." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112760.

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In this work, a novel methodology based on the real options theory has been developed for the evaluation of photovoltaic energy projects with a capacity greater than 100 KW in France. French legislation that regulates these types of projects presents two real options: on the one hand, the producer has a put option that consists of choosing between a Feed-in Tariff system and electricity market sale prices every year, and this put option coincides with public subsidies granted by the French Administration. On the other hand, the French Administration has a call option that provides a benefit to

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Botteman, M. F., and S. Kaura. "Cost-effectiveness of zoledronic acid in the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma: Comparison between France, Germany, and the United Kingdom." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5106.

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5106 Background: Zoledronic acid (ZOL) significantly reduces the risk of new skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients (pts) with bone metastases from RCC. This study assessed and compared the cost-effectiveness of ZOL in pts with RCC from French, German, and United Kingdom (UK) societal perspectives. Methods: This analysis was based on a retrospective analysis of RCC pts with bone metastases who were enrolled in a 9-mo trial of ZOL or placebo (PBO) plus concomitant antineoplastic therapy. A model was developed to simulate costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) experienced by study pts

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Batakovic, Dusan. "On parliamentary democracy in Serbia 1903-1914 political parties, elections, political freedoms." Balcanica, no. 48 (2017): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1748123b.

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Parliamentary democracy in Serbia in the period between the May Coup of 1903 and the beginning of the First World War in 1914 was, as compellingly shown by the regular and very detailed reports of the diplomatic representatives of two exemplary democracies, Great Britain and France, functional and fully accommodated to the requirements of democratic governance. Some shortcomings, which were reflected in the influence of extra-constitutional (?irresponsible?) factors, such as the group of conspirators from 1903 or their younger wing from 1911 (the organisation Unification or Death), occasionall

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Pahre, Robert. "Most-Favored-Nation Clauses and Clustered Negotiations." International Organization 55, no. 4 (2001): 859–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081801317193628.

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Though substantively important, centralized negotiations have received less theoretical attention than problems of centralized monitoring and enforcement. I address this gap by examining variation in a particular form of centralized negotiations that I call “clustering.” Clustering occurs when a state negotiates with several other states at the same time. Clustering enables states to avoid having to make concessions on the same issue to one state after another, and therefore has important distributional advantages. Clustering also centralizes bargaining within a regime, especially when several

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Calcoen, Piet, and Wynand P. M. M. van de Ven. "Supplementary physicians’ fees: a sustainable system?" Health Economics, Policy and Law 14, no. 1 (2018): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133117000548.

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AbstractIn Belgium and France, physicians can charge a supplementary fee on top of the tariff set by the mandatory basic health insurance scheme. In both countries, the supplementary fee system is under pressure because of financial sustainability concerns and a lack of added value for the patient. Expenditure on supplementary fees is increasing much faster than total health expenditure. So far, measures taken to curb this trend have not been successful. For certain categories of physicians, supplementary fees represent one-third of total income. For patients, however, the added value of suppl

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Shirokova, L. N., V. A. Skovpen’, and V. P. Starokozheva. "REFLECTION OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN GENERAL AND INDUSTRY AGREEMENTS." Social & labor researches 41, no. 4 (2020): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2020-41-4-94-110.

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Sectoral agreements are an important link in the system of social partnership, since the stipulated obligations of the parties increase the responsibility of employers for the employee health, decent wages and their timely indexing, as well as assistance to working women with children, support for workers to purchase housing, employment of youth, etc. others. The aim of the article is to analyze the content of the General and sectoral agreements in force as of 2020, in connection with the included national goals defined in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 21, 2020

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Montero Carrero, Marina, Irene Rodríguez Sánchez, Ward De Paepe, Alessandro Parente, and Francesco Contino. "Is There a Future for Small-Scale Cogeneration in Europe? Economic and Policy Analysis of the Internal Combustion Engine, Micro Gas Turbine and Micro Humid Air Turbine Cycles." Energies 12, no. 3 (2019): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030413.

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If more widely deployed, small-scale cogeneration could increase energy efficiency in Europe. Of the two main commercially available technologies—the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and the micro Gas Turbine (mGT)—the ICE dominates the market due to its higher electrical efficiency. However, by transforming the mGT into a micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT), the electrical efficiency of this cycle can increase, thus enhancing its operational flexibility. This paper presents an in-depth policy and economic assessment of the the ICE, mGT and mHAT technologies for dwellings based in Spain, France and

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Svitlana, GALKO, and OSIIEVSKA Valentyna. "EXPORT-IMPORT POTENTIAL OF THE MOTOR BOAT MARKET OF UKRAINE." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 36, no. 4 (2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2020(36)03.

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Background. The economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed most popular products in the global market among consumers, in particular those for spending leisure time alone. Among them, surprisingly, motor boats were found. In Ukraine, increasing the production of certain types of watercraft may be a chance to save the entire shipbuilding industry. The aim of the article is to analyse the state and the structure of the world and domestic markets of motor boats in order to establish possible directions for the development of the export potential of Ukraine. Materials and metho

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Khaliqi, Muhammad, Tanti Novianti, and Rulianda Purnomo. "Unleashing the efficiency and potential of Indonesian fishery exports to the European union market." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 69, no. 3 (2024): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2403313k.

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The free trade agreement (FTA) between Indonesia and the EU is anticipated to boost Indonesia?s economic growth, particularly in trade. However, from 2020 to 2022, EU countries issued 38 notifications concerning Indonesian exports, primarily related to sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which are non-tariff barriers in free trade. Indonesia has not benefited from the positive trend in EU fishery commodity imports. This study addresses the research gap on the efficiency and export potential of Indonesian fishery products in the EU market. It aims to assess factors influencing trade flow, expo

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Gupta, Pradeep. "Transfer Pricing: Impact of Taxes and Tariffs in India." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 37, no. 4 (2012): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920120403.

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Transfer pricing in an economy is very significant to corporate policy makers, economic policy makers, tax authorities, and regulatory authorities. Transfer pricing manipulation (fixing transfer prices on non-market basis as against arm's length standard) reduces the total quantum of organization's tax liability by shifting accounting profits from high tax to low tax jurisdictions. It changes the relative tax burden of the multinational firms in different countries of their operations and reduces worldwide tax payments of the firm. This paper explores the influence of corporate taxes and produ

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Charpentier, J., H. Godart, G. Martin, and Y. Mogno. "Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) Regulation as a Way to Optimize Aeration and C, N and P Removal: Experimental Basis and Various Full-Scale Examples." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 10-11 (1989): 1209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0320.

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The control of aeration by measuring the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of activated sludge, conducted at the YFFINIAC (West of France) sewage plant in 1983, showed this type of regulation to be attractive in that it can optimize energy costs and perfect the removal of carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollutants (CHARPENTIER et al, 1987). From a practical point of view, this new, inexpensive means of regulation has moreover proved easier to implement than the method based on measuring Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.). Before implementingthis process, we undertoook a pilot study that enabled us to make

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Sihem, Ezdini. "The Impact of Culture on the Demand for Non-life Insurance Penetration in Developing Countries: Panel Data Analysis." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 9, no. 2 (2024): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.2494.

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Purpose: The impact of insurance market activity within financial development is gaining more attention in academia, as the sector experiences growth within emerging markets. The paper aims to understand which macro-economic and social variables impact the growth or decline of the non-life insurance sector broadly across European countries with a view to provide recommendations to drive increased penetration across the region. Methodology: Using Fixed Effects Panel Data Regression and annual data from 1990 to 2021 on 10 countries, the study examines the explanatory factors of non-life in

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Mentukh, N. F. "Foreign experience of administrative and legal regulation of combating customs crime." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 1, 2025): 487–93. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.01.81.

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The article analyzes and summarizes scientific approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of «administrative and legal regulation». On the basis of the conducted theoretical analysis, it was determined that administrative and legal regulation should be considered as an effective legal method of organizing, stimulating, controlling, ensuring the stability of the development of processes, subjects as a means of comparison and ensuring the necessary balance of interests in work (of private subjects, society and state). Administrative and legal regulation in the field of custom

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Yozgat, Fazil. "A Simple Model about Regional Economic Cooperation – A Multidisciplinary Approach." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 3 (2015): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i3.p234-247.

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In this study had been investigated regional cooperation Middle East countries. This study includes, literature revive, historical background, comparison research and submitted to simple model. In this model dependent variables is economic and social development, independent variables are, population, education, culture, fiscal capital etc. Regional cooperation, which are includes social, economic and cultural are based for development. Middle East countries should be revised some economic and social cooperation in the world. These matters are important for countries. In responses to global co

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Yozgat, Fazil. "A Simple Model about Regional Economic Cooperation – A Multidisciplinary Approach." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (2015): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i1.p234-247.

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In this study had been investigated regional cooperation Middle East countries. This study includes, literature revive, historical background, comparison research and submitted to simple model. In this model dependent variables is economic and social development, independent variables are, population, education, culture, fiscal capital etc. Regional cooperation, which are includes social, economic and cultural are based for development. Middle East countries should be revised some economic and social cooperation in the world. These matters are important for countries. In responses to global co

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Dumez, Hervé, and Alain Jeunemaître. "Le jeu des tarifs publics en France." Revue française d'économie 2, no. 4 (1987): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfeco.1987.1161.

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Fliazhnikova, Ya V. "EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ATTORNEY PROFESSIONAL ETHICAL BEHAVIOR." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 05 (December 5, 2019): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391982.

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The European experience in the legal regulation of the lawyer’s professional ethical conduct is important and necessary for any civilized community. Its positive characteristics can be useful for reforming the current legislation of Ukraine and further scientific research. Since the profession of lawyer is designed as a benchmark for the protection of human rights in relations with the government, the existence of clear standards of attorney ethics that meet the generally recognized world standards – is a necessary prerequisite for the effectiveness of the advocacy as such. It is Europe’s univ

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Dickinson, John A. "Court Costs in France and New France in the Eighteenth Century." Historical Papers 12, no. 1 (2006): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030820ar.

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Résumé L'administration de la justice en Nouvelle-France aurait été plus onéreuse qu'ont bien voulu l'affirmer plusieurs auteurs. Si les frais de cour étaient tout de même généralement moins élevés au Canada que dans la métropole, les structures de tarifs étaient sensiblement les mêmes et les variations perceptibles sont plus dues aux différences dans la durée des procédures, généralement plus courtes au Canada. De plus, même si la justice demeurait accessible au paysan, le marchand et l'élite coloniale, comme partout ailleurs, étaient quand même favorisés.

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Romanenko, O. "MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE ENTERPRISES." Municipal economy of cities 2, no. 190 (2025): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2025-2-190-15-21.

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The article explores the mechanism for implementing Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in the water supply and sewerage sector in Ukraine. Reliable and uninterrupted water supply and sewerage services are critical components of any country’s infrastructure. However, Ukraine faces significant challenges in this sector, including outdated infrastructure, high operational costs, and insufficient investment. The study highlights the urgent need for modernization and identifies PPP as a key instrument for attracting private investments and innovative technologies to improve infrastructure efficiency.

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