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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Gastrointestinal system Motility"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 30 de julho de 2024

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1

Wood, Jackie D. "Enteric Nervous System: Neuropathic Gastrointestinal Motility." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 61, no. 7 (May 3, 2016): 1803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-016-4183-5.

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BURKS, THOMAS F. "Central Nervous System Regulation of Gastrointestinal Motility." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 597, no. 1 Neurobiology (July 1990): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16156.x.

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Wang, Po-Min, Genia Dubrovsky, James C. Y. Dunn, Yi-Kai Lo, and Wentai Liu. "A Wireless Implantable System for Facilitating Gastrointestinal Motility." Micromachines 10, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10080525.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) electrical stimulation has been shown in several studies to be a potential treatment option for GI motility disorders. Despite the promising preliminary research progress, however, its clinical applicability and usability are still unknown and limited due to the lack of a miniaturized versatile implantable stimulator supporting the investigation of effective stimulation patterns for facilitating GI dysmotility. In this paper, we present a wireless implantable GI modulation system to fill this technology gap. The system consists of a wireless extraluminal gastrointestinal

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Alqudah, M., O. Al-Shboul, A. Al-Dwairi, D. G. Al-U´Dat, and A. Alqudah. "Progesterone Inhibitory Role on Gastrointestinal Motility." Physiological Research, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.934824.

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Progesterone is a steroidal hormone that is produced from the corpus luteum of the ovaries and from the placenta. The main function of progesterone is to promote the secretory differentiation in the endometrium of the uterus and to maintain pregnancy by inhibiting uterine contractions throughout pregnancy. Progesterone performs its actions by activating the classical progesterone nuclear receptors that affect gene transcription and by the non-classical activation of cell surface membrane receptors that accounts for the rapid actions of progesterone. Besides the reproductive roles of progestero

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Stern, H. Patrick, Suzanne E. Stroh, Stephen C. Fiedorek, Kelly Kelleher, Michael W. Mellon, Sandra K. Pope, and Phillip L. Rayford. "Increased Plasma Levels of Pancreatic Polypeptide and Decreased Plasma Levels of Motilin in Encopretic Children." Pediatrics 96, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.96.1.111.

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Objective. Abnormalities of hormones affecting gastrointestinal motility have been found in "functional" disorders of the gastrointestinal system in adults. One such disorder of childhood, encopresis, is frequently associated with constipation, the treatment of which often eliminates the soiling. We hypothesized that hormones affecting gastrointestinal motility were different between encopretic patients and matched controls. Methods. Ten encopretic patients were matched by age, race, and sex with controls who had no history of encopresis or constipation. After an overnight fast, each child con

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Lee, Yunna, Jeongbin Jo, Hae Young Chung, Charalabos Pothoulakis, and Eunok Im. "Endocannabinoids in the gastrointestinal tract." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 311, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): G655—G666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00294.2015.

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The endocannabinoid system mainly consists of endogenously produced cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) and two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2). This system also includes enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids and molecules required for the uptake and transport of endocannabinoids. In addition, endocannabinoid-related lipid mediators and other putative endocannabinoid receptors, such as transient receptor potential channels and other GPCRs, have been identified. Accumulating evidence indicates that the endocannabin

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7

Plourde, Victor. "Stress-Induced Changes in the Gastrointestinal Motor System." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 13, suppl a (1999): 26A—31A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/320626.

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Several autonomic, hormonal, behavioural and neuropeptidergic bodily responses to stressful stimuli have been described over the past few decades. Both animal models and human paradigms have been explored. It is acknowledged that stress modulates gastrointestinal (GI) motility through central mechanisms including corticotropin-releasing-factor. This process requires the integrity of autonomic neural pathways. It has become evident that the effects of stress on GI motility vary according to the stressful stimulus, its intensity, the animal species under study and the time course of the study. R

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8

Milla, PJ. "Acquired Motility Disorders in Childhood." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 13, suppl a (1999): 76A—84A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/610486.

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Acquired motility disorders in childhood cause a number of gastrointestinal symptoms – principally, recurrent vomiting, abdominal pain and distension, constipation and loose stools. Gastrointestinal motility disorders result from disturbances of the control mechanisms of gut motor activity, which may be produced by organic disease involving enteric nerves and muscle, perturbation of the humoral environment of the nerves and muscle, and altered central nervous system input. In children, both congenital and acquired disease processes may produce these pathogenetic mechanisms, resulting in syndro

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López-Pingarrón, Laura, Henrique Almeida, Marisol Soria-Aznar, Marcos C. Reyes-Gonzales, Ana B. Rodríguez-Moratinos, Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos, and Joaquín J. García. "Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Enteric Nervous System in Gastrointestinal and Neurological Pathology, Relation to Oxidative Stress." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 4 (April 18, 2023): 3552–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45040232.

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The enteric nervous system (ENS) is organized into two plexuses—submucosal and myenteric—which regulate smooth muscle contraction, secretion, and blood flow along the gastrointestinal tract under the influence of the rest of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are mainly located in the submucosa between the two muscle layers and at the intramuscular level. They communicate with neurons of the enteric nerve plexuses and smooth muscle fibers and generate slow waves that contribute to the control of gastrointestinal motility. They are also involved in enteric ne

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10

Pan, H. L., Z. B. Zeisse, and J. C. Longhurst. "Mechanical stimulation is not responsible for activation of gastrointestinal afferents during ischemia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): H99—H106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.1.h99.

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Abdominal ischemia reflexly excites the cardiovascular system through activation of visceral sympathetic afferents. Although a number of ischemic metabolites are known to stimulate sympathetic afferents, the contribution of mechanical stimulation to activation of afferents during abdominal ischemia remains uncertain. Thus the present study examined the role of changes in motility in activation of gastrointestinal afferents during ischemia. Single-unit activity of C fiber afferents located on the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, or colon was recorded from the right sympathetic chain of anesthetized

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Nakamura, Hiroyuki, Tadashi Asano, Koichi Haruta, and Keisuke Takeda. "Gastrointestinal motor inhibition by exogenous human, salmon, and eel calcitonin in conscious dogs." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-006.

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Effects of synthetic eel (E-), salmon (S-), and human (H-) calcitonin (CT) on gastrointestinal motility were studied in conscious beagle dogs, which had been implanted with strain gauge force transducers. Intramuscular administration of E-, S-, or H-CT interrupted gastric migrating motor complexes, digestive pattern, and gastric emptying. The order of potency was E-CT = S-CT > H-CT. Motor inhibition induced by CT occurred independently of plasma immunoreactive motilin levels or hypocalcemia. In addition, E-CT and S-CT induced vomiting without a retrograde giant contraction (RGC) during the

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Spencer, Nick J., and Hongzhen Hu. "Enteric nervous system: sensory transduction, neural circuits and gastrointestinal motility." Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 17, no. 6 (March 9, 2020): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0271-2.

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Nors, Jesper, Mette Winther Klinge, Thorbjørn Sommer, Søren Laurberg, Klaus Krogh, and Jonas Amstrup Funder. "Assessment of postoperative gastrointestinal motility in colorectal surgery: a study with the Motilis 3D-transit system." BMJ Innovations 7, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2019-000396.

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PurposePostoperative recovery following colorectal surgery remains impaired by severe complications including postoperative ileus (POI). Human studies of POI have been limited by a lack of safe and easy-to-use objective methods. Motilis 3D-transit is a completely ambulatory, minimally invasive system whereby electromagnetic capsules are followed by external sensors during their passage of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the 3D-transit system in a surgical setting.MethodWe included 12 patients as a substudy of the randomised double bli

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., Manojkumar, and Sangeeta Gehlot. "EFFECT OF SHARAPUNKHA (TEPHROSIA PURPUREA) ON GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1105142.

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Sharapunkha (Tephrosia purpurea) is one of the important drugs in Ayurvedic system of medicine. The present study was undertaken to find out the action of Sharapunkha (Tephrosia purpurea) on Gastrointestinal System. During the passage of drug through oral route, it is probable that the active principle present in Sharapunkha, might act on gastrointestinal System. Albino rats were used in this study and divided into control and drug treated group. Drug treated group rats were feed with intragastric drug decoction, along with their normal water and food. Water intake, diet intake, weight of rats

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15

Wang, Hao, Wen-Jian Liu, Meng-Jie Hu, Meng-Ting Zhang, and Guo-Ming Shen. "Acupuncture at Gastric Back-Shu and Front-Mu Acupoints Enhances Gastric Motility via the Inhibition of the Glutamatergic System in the Hippocampus." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (March 10, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3524641.

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Acupuncture strongly alleviates gastrointestinal symptoms and especially promotes gastrointestinal motility. However, the mechanism underlying these processes is poorly understood. This study was designed to examine the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at gastric back-shu (BL21) and front-mu (RN12) acupoints on gastric motility in functional dyspepsia (FD) rats and to investigate the mechanisms of its effects on the glutamatergic system in the hippocampus. We found that EA at RN12 or BL21 enhanced gastric motility in FD rats, whereas EA at the combination of RN12 and BL21 showed an additional

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Krantis, Anthony. "GABA in the Mammalian Enteric Nervous System." Physiology 15, no. 6 (December 2000): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.6.284.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a transmitter of enteric interneurons, targeting excitatory GABAA or inhibitory GABAB receptors that modulate motility and mucosal function. Enteric GABA may also subserve hormonal and paracrine signaling. Disruption in gastrointestinal function following perturbation of enteric GABA receptors presents potential new target sites for drug development.

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Barone, Joseph A., Lois M. Jessen, John L. Colaizzi, and Robert H. Bierman. "Cisapride: A Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Drug." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 28, no. 4 (April 1994): 488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809402800413.

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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of cisapride, and to evaluate its potential therapeutic role. DATA SOURCES: A computerized search of the MEDLINE database was used to identify English-language publications of cisapride data in humans. The MEDLINE search was supplemented by review article bibliographies. There was no attempt to limit the search to a specific gastrointestinal motility disorder. STUDY SELECTION: The MEDLINE search alone identified 165 citations. Because of the volume of available human cisapride data, the focus of the efficacy secti

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OH, Radhika krishna, Mohammed Abdul Aleem, and Geetha Kayla. "Abnormalities of the intestinal pacemaker cells, enteric neurons, and smooth muscle in intestinal atresia." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 11, no. 03 (July 2019): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_94_18.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Small bowel atresia is a congenital disorder that carves a substantial morbidity. Numerous postoperative gastrointestinal motility problems occur. The underlying cause of this motility disorder is still unclear. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) play a major role in gastrointestinal motility. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the morphological changes of enteric nervous system and ICC in small bowel atresia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Resected small bowel specimen from affected patients (n=15) were divided into three parts (proximal, distal, atretic). Standard histology and i

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Idrizaj, Eglantina, Rachele Garella, Roberta Squecco, and Maria Caterina Baccari. "Adipocytes-released Peptides Involved in the Control of Gastrointestinal Motility." Current Protein & Peptide Science 20, no. 6 (May 20, 2019): 614–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666190121115356.

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The present review focuses on adipocytes-released peptides known to be involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility, acting both centrally and peripherally. Thus, four peptides have been taken into account: leptin, adiponectin, nesfatin-1, and apelin. The discussion of the related physiological or pathophysiological roles, based on the most recent findings, is intended to underlie the close interactions among adipose tissue, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract. The better understanding of this complex network, as gastrointestinal motor responses represent peripheral sign

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Keely, Stephen J., Andreacarola Urso, Alexandr V. Ilyaskin, Christoph Korbmacher, Nigel W. Bunnett, Daniel P. Poole, and Simona E. Carbone. "Contributions of bile acids to gastrointestinal physiology as receptor agonists and modifiers of ion channels." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 322, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): G201—G222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00125.2021.

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Bile acids (BAs) are known to be important regulators of intestinal motility and epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport. Over the past two decades, significant advances in identifying and characterizing the receptors, transporters, and ion channels targeted by BAs have led to exciting new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Our appreciation of BAs, their receptors, and BA-modulated ion channels as potential targets for the development of new approaches to treat intestinal motility and transport disorders is increasing. In the current review, we aim to summar

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DiCello, Jesse J., Simona E. Carbone, Ayame Saito, Vi Pham, Agata Szymaszkiewicz, Arisbel B. Gondin, Sadia Alvi, et al. "Positive allosteric modulation of endogenous delta opioid receptor signaling in the enteric nervous system is a potential treatment for gastrointestinal motility disorders." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 322, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): G66—G78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00297.2021.

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This study assesses the use of positive allosteric modulation as a pharmacological approach to enhance opioid receptor signaling in the enteric nervous system. We demonstrate that selective modulation of endogenous delta opioid receptor signaling can suppress colonic motility without causing constipation. We propose that allosteric modulation of opioid receptor signaling may be a therapeutic strategy to normalize gastrointestinal motility in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome.

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Tack, J., B. Coulie, A. Wilmer, T. Peeters, and J. Janssens. "Actions of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 receptor agonist sumatriptan on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility in man." Gut 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.42.1.36.

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Background—Pharmacological studies of the enteric nervous system have shown the presence of several subtypes of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptor, which might be involved in control of the migrating motor complex.Aims—To study the effect of sumatriptan, an agonist of enteric neuronal 5HT1P receptors, on interdigestive motility in man.Subjects and methods—In 12 healthy subjects, interdigestive motility was recorded manometrically in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In seven subjects blood samples were drawn every 15 minutes for radioimmunoassay of motilin and somatostatin. After two phase 3s

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Frieling, Thomas, Christian Kreysel, Michael Blank, Dorothee Müller, Ilka Melchior, Philipp Euler, Rita Kuhlbusch-Zicklam, Thomas Haarmeier, and Michael Schemann. "Autoimmune encephalitis and gastrointestinal dysmotility: achalasia, gastroparesis, and slow transit constipation." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 58, no. 10 (October 2020): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1233-2190.

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Abstract Background Neurological autoimmune disorders (NAD) are caused by autoimmune inflammation triggered by specific antibody subtypes. NAD may disturb the gut-brain axis at several levels including brain, spinal cord, peripheral, or enteric nervous system. Case report We present a case with antinuclear neuronal Hu (ANNA-1)- and antiglial nuclear (SOX-1) autoimmune antibody-positive limbic encephalitis and significant gastrointestinal dysmotility consisting of achalasia type II, gastroparesis, altered small intestinal interdigestive motility, and severe slow transit constipation. The autoan

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Berry, Dylan T., Joanne Choi, Calla A. Dexheimer, Morgan A. Verhaalen, and Amir Javan-Khoshkholgh. "An Inductively Powered Implantable System to Study the Gastrointestinal Electrophysiology in Freely Behaving Rodents." Bioengineering 9, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100530.

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Chronic studies in the fasting and fed states of conscious subjects are fundamental for understanding the pathophysiological significance of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and motility dysfunctions. To study the electrophysiology of the GI tract in the long term, the development of gastric implants is essential. This paper presents the development of an implantable system capable of monitoring the bioelectrical activity of the gastric system and modulating the activity in freely behaving rodents. The system consists of a miniature-sized implantable unit (IU), a stationary unit (SU)

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De Winter, Benedicte Y. "Interplay between inflammation, immune system and neuronal pathways: Effect on gastrointestinal motility." World Journal of Gastroenterology 16, no. 44 (2010): 5523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i44.5523.

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Martinez, Leopoldo, J. Tovar, and Federica Pederiva. "Enteric Nervous System and Esophageal-Gastrointestinal Motility in Experimental Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 24, no. 02 (May 17, 2013): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1345106.

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Schemann, Michael. "Control of Gastrointestinal Motility by the ???Gut Brain??? - The Enteric Nervous System." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 41, Supplement 1 (September 2005): S4—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000180285.51365.55.

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Rai, Ramesh Roop, and V. G. Mohan Prasad. "Prokinetics in the management of upper gastrointestinal motility disorders: an Indian expert opinion review." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 9 (August 21, 2021): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20213253.

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Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are disorders of gut-brain interaction. Nearly 40% of individuals globally suffer from FGIDs and have chronic fluctuating symptoms. Of all GI conditions, 30-45% are referable to intestinal motility disorders. Prokinetics act by different mechanisms and are effective in FGIDs with delayed gastric emptying or postprandial distress. When choosing a prokinetic, safety is the primary concern, particularly with regard to the central nervous system and cardiovascular risk. Here, we review the efficacy and safety of prokinetics in functional GI motility di

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Han, Jeong Pil, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Geon Seong Lee, Ok Jae Koo, and Su Cheong Yeom. "Positive Correlation between nNOS and Stress-Activated Bowel Motility Is Confirmed by In Vivo HiBiT System." Cells 10, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051028.

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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has various roles as a neurotransmitter. However, studies to date have produced insufficient data to fully support the correlation between nNOS and bowel motility. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between nNOS expression and gastrointestinal (GI) tract motility using a stress-induced neonatal maternal separation (NMS) mouse model. In this study, we generated a genetically modified mouse with the HiBiT sequence knock-in into the nNOS gene using CRISPR/Cas9 for analyzing accurate nNOS expression. nNOS expression was measured in the stomach, sm

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Radocchia, Giulia, Bruna Neroni, Massimiliano Marazzato, Elena Capuzzo, Simone Zuccari, Fabrizio Pantanella, Letizia Zenzeri, et al. "Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction: Is There a Connection with Gut Microbiota?" Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122549.

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Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by severe impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) motility, and its symptoms are suggestive of partial or complete intestinal obstruction in the absence of any lesion restricting the intestinal lumen. Diagnosis and therapy of CIPO patients still represent a significant challenge for clinicians, despite their efforts to improve diagnostic workup and treatment strategies for this disease. The purpose of this review is to better understand what is currently known about the relationship between CIPO patients and int

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Baldrick, P., D. G. Bamford, and M. L. Tattersall. "An assessment of two gastric transport models currently used in safety pharmacology testing." Human & Experimental Toxicology 17, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719801700101.

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1 The potential effects of new drugs on the digestive system can be examined in a number of model systems of which intestinal motility in the mouse and/or gastric emptying in the rat are examples recommended for safety pharmacology evaluation. 2 Intestinal motility, assessed by the transit of carmine dye in the mouse and gastric motility, assessed by stomach weight in the rat, were examined using a range of clinical drugs or potent pharmacological agents known to affect gastrointestinal function. Assessment of both models in the guinea-pig was also evaluated. 3 Activity was demonstrated with c

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Sobol, Constantin V. "Stimulatory Effect of Lactobacillus Metabolites on Colonic Contractions in Newborn Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010662.

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Microbiota are known to play an important role in gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. Microbiota and their metabolites can affect gut motility, neural regulation and the enteric endocrine systems and immune systems of the gut. The use of fermented/hydrolyzed products may be a promising new avenue for stimulating gastrointestinal motility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lactobacillus metabolites (PP), produced using a U.S.-patented fermentation method, on rat colon motility in vitro. The distal colon was incised from newborn male Wistar rats. A sensitive

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Markov, A. I. "CLINICAL AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE NEUROINFECTION." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 103, no. 4 (December 11, 2017): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.4(103).2017.26-31.

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Background. In cases of severe forms of infectious diseases, in addition to local inflammation, secondary lesions of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract may occur. We aimed to study the semiotics and epidemiology of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with acute neuroinfection. Material and methods. The study is observational, retrospective, type “case-control”. We analyzed cases of inpatient treatment of children aged 1 month to 18 years old with acute neuroinfections (meningitis, encephalitis and encephalomyelopolyneuropathy). Results and discussion. The study included 117

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Chanpong, Atchariya, Osvaldo Borrelli, and Nikhil Thapar. "The Potential Role of Microorganisms on Enteric Nervous System Development and Disease." Biomolecules 13, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030447.

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The enteric nervous system (ENS), the inherent nervous system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a vast nervous system that controls key GI functions, including motility. It functions at a critical interface between the gut luminal contents, including the diverse population of microorganisms deemed the microbiota, as well as the autonomic and central nervous systems. Critical development of this axis of interaction, a key determinant of human health and disease, appears to occur most significantly during early life and childhood, from the pre-natal through to the post-natal period. These fa

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Zhu, Jianping, Lanlan Chang, Jinlu Xie, and Hongbin Ai. "Arginine Vasopressin Injected into the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus Inhibits Gastric Motility in Rats." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4618672.

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Background. Until now, the effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the DMV on gastric motility and the possible modulating pathway between the DMV and the gastrointestinal system remain poorly understood.Objectives. We aimed to explore the role of AVP in the DMV in regulating gastric motility and the possible central and peripheral pathways.Material and Methods. Firstly, we microinjected different doses of AVP into the DMV and investigated its effects on gastric motility in rats. Then, the possible central and peripheral pathways that regulate gastric motility were also discussed by microinjec

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Ipatov, Andrey A., and Maria G. Ipatova. "Management of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. Focus on restoring intestinal microenvironment and motility." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-1-125-132.

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Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children are one of the most common reasons why parents visit a pediatrician. Functional gastrointestinal disorders include various persistent combinations of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of any organic pathology in the gastrointestinal tract (structural abnormalities, inflammatory changes, infections, or tumours) and metabolic disturbances. The article presents details on the mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and approaches to the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders.

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Schicho, Rudolf, and Martin Storr. "Alternative Targets Within the Endocannabinoid System for Future Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 25, no. 7 (2011): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/953975.

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Many beneficial effects of herbal and synthetic cannabinoids on gut motility and inflammation have been demonstrated, suggesting a vast potential for these compounds in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. These effects are based on the so-called ‘endocannabinoid system’ (ECS), a cooperating network of molecules that regulate the metabolism of the body’s own and of exogenously administered cannabinoids. The ECS in the gastrointestinal tract quickly responds to homeostatic disturbances by de novo synthesis of its components to maintain homeostasis, thereby offering many potential target

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He, Xin, Jing Yang, Ling Qiu, Dan Feng, Feng Ju, Lu Tan, Yu-Zhi Li, et al. "Thiodiketopiperazines Produced by Penicillium crustosum and Their Activities to Promote Gastrointestinal Motility." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020299.

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Three new thiodiketopiperazines (1–3), along with two known analogues (4 and 5), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Penicillium crustosum. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configurations of new compounds were determined by Mosher ester analysis and calculated ECD spectra. Compound 4 and 5 have the activity to promote the gastrointestinal motility of zebrafish via acting on the cholinergic nervous system.

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Montoro-Huguet, Miguel A. "Dietary and Nutritional Support in Gastrointestinal Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (I): Esophagus." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 4819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224819.

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The esophagus is the centerpiece of the digestive system of individuals and plays an essential role in transporting swallowed nutrients to the stomach. Diseases of the esophagus can alter this mechanism either by causing anatomical damage that obstructs the lumen of the organ (e.g., peptic, or eosinophilic stricture) or by generating severe motility disorders that impair the progression of the alimentary bolus (e.g., severe dysphagia of neurological origin or achalasia). In all cases, nutrient assimilation may be compromised. In some cases (e.g., ingestion of corrosive agents), a hypercataboli

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Romański, KW. "Importance of the enteric nervous system in the control of the migrating motility complex." Physiology International 104, no. 2 (June 2017): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2060.104.2017.2.4.

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The migrating motility complex (MMC), a cyclical phenomenon, represents rudimentary motility pattern in the gastrointestinal tract. The MMC is observed mostly in the stomach and gut of man and numerous animal species. It contains three or four phases, while its phase III is the most characteristic. The mechanisms controlling the pattern are unclear in part, although the neural control of the MMC seems crucial. The main goal of this article was to discuss the importance of intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract in MMC initiation, migration, and cessation to emphasize that various M

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Alcala-Gonzalez, L., A. Guillen-Del-Castillo, A. Marin, L. Comas, C. Codina, I. Blazquez, J. Corada, C. Malagelada, and C. P. Simeon Aznar. "POS1312 PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS AND OBJECTIVE GASTROINTESTINAL DYSMOTILITY IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1005.1–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.2605.

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BackgroundAfter the skin, the gastrointestinal tract is the most frequently affected system in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The pathophysiology of gastrointestinal symptoms is mostly secondary to gastrointestinal dysmotility. Due to the increase survival in patients with systemic sclerosis, digestive manifestations are becoming more relevant in the comprehensive management of the disease.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, the presence of gastric and intestinal dysmotility in objective testing and to examine associations between gastrointestinal involvement and other

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Nedelska, S. M., I. V. Samokhin, O. V. Kriazhev, D. O. Yartseva, T. H. Bessikalo, and L. I. Kliatska. "Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children of different age groups (a literature review)." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 26, no. 1 (February 5, 2024): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2024.1.290950.

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In recent years, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are becoming more common with economic and social impacts. It is believed that in terms of frequency, they rank second both among the adult and pediatric population, second only to respiratory system diseases. Due to significant morphological and physiological changes in individual organs and systems during the period of intensive development of a child, the formation of gastroenterological pathology occurs most often at the age of 5–6 or 9–12 years, that gives rise to various functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. There is a

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Marathe, Chinmay S., Christopher K. Rayner, Karen L. Jones, and Michael Horowitz. "Effects of GLP-1 and Incretin-Based Therapies on Gastrointestinal Motor Function." Experimental Diabetes Research 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/279530.

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Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone secreted predominantly by the distal small intestine and colon and released in response to enteral nutrient exposure. GLP-1-based therapies are now used widely in the management of type 2 diabetes and have the potential to be effective antiobesity agents. Although widely known as an incretin hormone, there is a growing body of evidence that GLP-1 also acts as an enterogastrone, with profound effects on the gastrointestinal motor system. Moreover, the effects of GLP-1 on gastrointestinal motility appear to be pivotal to its effect of reducing postpra

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Gonzalez, Zorisadday, Daniel Herlihy, Cong Phan, Jesus Diaz, Kenneth Dominguez, and Richard McCallum. "Alcohol and gastric motility: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications." Journal of Investigative Medicine 68, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2020-001327.

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Alcohol has been associated with alterations in gastric motility. The literature identifies that various factors play a role in alcohol’s effect on gastric emptying including differences in alcohol concentration, osmolarity, caloric content, amino acids as well as different processing techniques (fermentation vs distillation). Additionally, chronic alcohol consumption has been shown to alter the myenteric nitrergic system resulting in impaired gastrointestinal motor function, and it also has an inhibitory effect on the release of several neurotransmitters that play a key role in gastrointestin

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Bernabè, Giulia, Mahmoud Elsayed Mosaad Shalata, Veronica Zatta, Massimo Bellato, Andrea Porzionato, Ignazio Castagliuolo, and Paola Brun. "Antibiotic Treatment Induces Long-Lasting Effects on Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System in Mice." Antibiotics 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12061000.

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The side effects of antibiotic treatment directly correlate with intestinal dysbiosis. However, a balanced gut microbiota supports the integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS), which controls gastrointestinal neuromuscular functions. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of antibiotic-induced microbial dysbiosis on the ENS and the impact of the spontaneous re-establishment of the gut microbiota on gastrointestinal functions. C57BL/6J mice were treated daily for two weeks with antibiotics. After 0–6 weeks of antibiotics wash-out, we determined (a) gut microbiota composition,

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Schonkeren, Simone L., Meike S. Thijssen, Nathalie Vaes, Werend Boesmans, and Veerle Melotte. "The Emerging Role of Nerves and Glia in Colorectal Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010152.

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The role of the nervous system as a contributor in the tumor microenvironment has been recognized in different cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The gastrointestinal tract is a highly innervated organ system, which is not only innervated by the autonomic nervous system, but also contains an extensive nervous system of its own; the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS is important for gut function and homeostasis by regulating processes such as fluid absorption, blood flow, and gut motility. Dysfunction of the ENS has been linked with multiple gastrointestinal diseases, such as

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Tougas, Gervais. "The Autonomic Nervous System in Functional Bowel Disorders." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 13, suppl a (1999): 15A—17A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/707105.

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Communications along the brain-gut axis involve neural pathways as well as immune and endocrine mechanisms. The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are integrated anatomically and functionally with visceral sensory pathways, and are responsible for the homeostatic regulation of gut function. The autonomic nervous system is also a major mediator of the visceral response to central influences such as psychological stress. As defined, functional disorders comprise a constellation of symptoms, some of which suggest the presence of altered perception, while other symptoms point to disorder

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YILDIZELİ TOPÇU, Sacide, Duygu SOYDAŞ, and Doğan ALBAYRAK. "Monitoring Food Images After Rectal Surgery To Accelerate Recovery Of Postoperative Bowel Motility: A Quasi-Experimental Study." Sakarya Üniversitesi Holistik Sağlık Dergisi 6, no. 3 (December 30, 2023): 438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54803/sauhsd.1233040.

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Objective: Considering the role of nurses in the postoperative care of patients, simple nursing interventions can prevent gastrointestinal motility problems. This study aimed to assess the impact of viewing food images on the recovery of intestinal motility after surgery in patients who were operated for rectal cancer. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out with 48 patients who underwent rectal surgery in the general surgery clinic of a university hospital in Türkiye from May 2016 to December 2018. The control group had 25 participants and the experimental group had 23. F

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Iwasaki, Mari, Yasutada Akiba, and Jonathan D. Kaunitz. "Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system." F1000Research 8 (September 12, 2019): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18039.1.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a gut peptide hormone originally reported as a vasodilator in 1970, has multiple physiological and pathological effects on development, growth, and the control of neuronal, epithelial, and endocrine cell functions that in turn regulate ion secretion, nutrient absorption, gut motility, glycemic control, carcinogenesis, immune responses, and circadian rhythms. Genetic ablation of this peptide and its receptors in mice also provides new insights into the contribution of VIP towards physiological signaling and the pathogenesis of related diseases. Here, we disc

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Jiang, Yanyan, Tanja Babic, and R. Alberto Travagli. "Sex differences in GABAergic neurotransmission to rat DMV neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 317, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): G476—G483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00112.2019.

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Functional gastrointestinal disorders, including delayed gastric emptying and decreased gastric motility, are more prevalent in women, suggesting a potential role for circulating gonadal hormones, including estrogen. Gastric motility is tuned by the vagal inputs arising from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), which is itself controlled by tonic GABAergic inputs. Estrogen increases GABA functions in various central nervous system areas; however, the effect of the estrus cycle in modulating GABAergic inputs onto DMV neurons, hence vagal control of gastric motility, has not been investi

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