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Perez Latorre, Andrés V., José M. Nieto Caldera e Baltasar Cabezudo. "Contribución al conocimiento de la vegetación de Andalucía. II. Los alcornocales". Acta Botanica Malacitana 18 (1 de dezembro de 1993): 223–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v18i.8995.
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Se han estudiado las comunidades caracterizadas por la presencia de Quercus suber en Andalucía así como los matorrales asociados a las mismas. Se describe la vegetación potencial (orden Quercetalia ilicis), las comunidades preforestales arbustivas (órdenes Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni y Cytisetalia scopario- striati) y herbáceas (orden Origanetalia vulgaris), y los matorrales seriales (clases Cisto-Lavanduletea y Calluno-Ulicetea). Tras una breve introducción a la geología, bioclimatología y biogeografía del territorio, se describen las 34 asociaciones estudiadas acompañándose de tablas de inventarios aquellas que se proponen como nuevas: Myrto communis-Quercetum suberis halimietosum halimifolii y lavanduletosum luisieri, Tamo communis-Oleetum sylvestris quercetosum suberis, Asparago aphylli- Calicotometumvillosae genistetosum lintfoliae, Asparago albi-Rhamnetum oleoidis ericetosum scopariae, Bupleuro gibraltarici-Pistacietum lentisci adenocarpetosun telonensis, Phyllireo angustifoliae-Quercetum lusitanicae quercetosum rotundifoliae, Cytiso baetici-Arbutetum unedi bupleuretosumfruticosi, Calamintho baeticae-Gallietum scabri lamietosum flexuosi y digitaletosum bocquetii, Genisto hirsutae-Cistetum ladaniferi halimietosum viscosii, Ulici eriocladi-Cistetum ladaniferi ericetosum australis, Erico australis- Cistetum populifolii halimietosum viscosii, Cisto salvtfolii-Ulicetum australis, Genisto tridentis- Stauracanthetum boivinii quercetosum lusitanicae y ulicetosum baetici. Se describe el Junco rugosi- Ericetum andevalensis ulicetosum eriocladi. Se lectotipifica el San guisorbo hybridae-Quercetum suberis quercetosum canariensis y se neotipifica el Pyro bourgaeanae-Quercetum rotundtfoliae quercetosum suberis. Por último se enumeran las siete series de vegetación con alcornoques reconocidas en el territorio estudiado.
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Frost, Carol, e John Reed. "Dr. John C. Reed, Jr.: Pioneering Geologist, Mountaineer, and Author of Creation of the Teton Landscape". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 36 (1 de janeiro de 2013): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2013.3973.
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Few geologists today possess the mountaineering skills to study rocks exposed in the topographically challenging terrain of the Tetons. Even fewer can claim the accomplishment of making the first geologic map of an entire mountain range. One of these pioneering geologists is John C. Reed, Jr., who joined the U.S. Geological Survey in 1953, and who is now scientist emeritus at the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver (Figure 1). In addition to his field geology expertise, Dr. Reed also has a special talent for communicating complex geologic concepts to the public. The purpose of this project was to profile this pioneering mountaineer-geologist and accomplished writer, and to archive his maps, field notes, and photographs for use by future scientists and for the public, particularly park visitors.
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Erskine, Bradley G. "Geologic Investigations for Compliance with the CARB Asbestos ATCM". Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, n.º 1 (20 de fevereiro de 2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2290.
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ABSTRACT The California Air Resources Board Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Construction, Grading, Quarrying, and Surface Mining Operations (ATCM) provides requirements for the evaluation for naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) on a construction site. There are two compliance triggers: (1) a determination that the site is located within a geographic ultramafic rock unit, defined as a geographic area designated as an ultramafic rock on referenced maps, and (2) the presence of NOA, serpentinite, or ultramafic rock. The California Geological Survey requires that NOA evaluations be conducted by a licensed professional geologist. However, under the ATCM, a professional geologist is required only when a property owner wishes to demonstrate that a geographic ultramafic rock unit is not actually represented by ultramafic rocks. The professional geologist who must advise whether the ATCM applies at a construction site is therefore placed in a precarious position. Does a limited desktop review of geologic maps meet any standard of practice? If the ATCM is triggered by the presence of asbestos, is the geologist negligent if no evaluation is recommended or conducted? Could geologic units be pre-screened for asbestos potential? Using case studies and geologic data in the city of San Francisco and East Bay, this presentation reviews these issues and provides a context for the geologist to conduct the appropriate level of investigation for compliance with the ATCM.
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Aalto, K. "Joseph Silas Diller (1850-1928): Pioneer of Southern Cascadian Geology, California and Oregon". Earth Sciences History 25, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.25.1.q2821w76671j6282.
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Joseph Silas Diller worked as a United States Geological Survey (USGS) geologist for some forty years, from 1883 to 1923. While his principal interest was in petrography, he was responsible for production of numerous geological maps, reconnaissance surveys and economic geologic studies. A majority of these were in Southern Cascadia, the complex region of southern Oregon and northern California that encompasses portions of the eastern Great Basin, Sierra Nevada, Cascade Volcanic, Great Valley, Klamath Mountains and Coast Ranges geologic provinces. Among his achievements were the production of six maps as part of the USGS Geologic Atlas Folio Series, in-depth reports on the evolution of Crater Lake and Lassen Peak, detailed descriptions of several mining districts, and the preparation of sets of hand specimens, thin sections and descriptions for colleges and universities. He was also a specialist on asbestos, coal, placer gold and chromic iron ore. He is perhaps best remembered for his studies of Crater Lake and analysis of Tertiary peneplanation and regional uplift.
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Benavides Guerrero, Carlos Esteban, Linda Elizabeth Caro Caro e Jorge Eliecer Mariño Martínez. "Determinación del comportamiento hidráulico de los acuíferos del norte de la Orinoquia, Colombia". Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina 31, n.º 1 (23 de julho de 2021): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rcin.4680.
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La “sequía del Casanare” (2014-2015) prendió las alarmas sobre el desequilibrio en algunas zonas de la Orinoquia, debido al inadecuado uso del suelo, la tala indiscriminada y la ausencia de las entidades reguladoras. Como consecuencia, se presenta creciente estrés hídrico, cuyo resultado es la muerte masiva de animales, la pérdida de cultivos, etc. Por tanto, se hacen necesarios estudios adicionales para entender la dinámica hídrica en el norte del Casanare, las veredas de Caño Chiquito y Centro Gaitán, donde se presentaron los mayores estragos ambientales. Se investigaron los aspectos geológicos y geofísicos de la zona y se realizó la caracterización hidráulica, a partir de pruebas de bombeo, con las que se determinaron parámetros como la transmisividad, la capacidad específica, la conductividad hidráulica y el coeficiente de almacenamiento; con la finalidad de dar a conocer aproximaciones de las condiciones hidrogeológicas de la zona. La geología está determinada por el ambiente de depositación de abanico aluvial influenciado por corrientes fluviales en la sección media y depósitos eólicos en la zona más alejada del piedemonte, información corroborada por las secciones de tomografías. De acuerdo con las pruebas de bombeo, se estableció que se encuentran acuíferos de productividad que va de muy pobre a buena, de acuerdo con los valores de transmisividad, con permeabilidades que oscilan de muy bajas a bajas, en relación con los valores de conductividad hidráulica; además, según su capacidad específica, los acuíferos varían en su extensión y continuidad, cuando se trata de acuíferos locales (depósitos cuaternarios) a regionales (Formación Guayabo).
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Swanson, Eric. "History of Field Observations on Volcanic Rocks of Western Mexico, Pre-Columbian to Recent". Earth Sciences History 30, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2011): 106–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.30.1.p68hl442l6w11036.
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By the time the first detailed reports on western Mexico's volcanic rocks had begun to appear in the 1970s, most of the earlier observations on these rocks and most knowledge of those who made these observations were all but forgotten. A review of previous field observations in this region shows, however, a long history of geologic discovery reflecting or even preceding developments elsewhere.Ethnological studies suggest that the Pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) observed the characteristics of rock formations in their sierra homeland and understood something of the regional stratigraphic relationships. Late sixteenth and early seventeenth century explorers of the Spanish Colonial Period singled out volcanic rock known to them as piedra de malpaís for special recognition, and Padre Kino and his fellow explorers clearly recognized the volcanic origin of piedra de malpaís decades prior to similar observations in Europe. As the Spanish Colonial Period came to a close, Andrés Manuel del Río help organize a state-of-theart mining college in Mexico City where students were instructed in Werner's geognosy prior to their taking positions in Mexico's mining industry, most of it located in western Mexico's volcanic rocks.Although the first part of the tumultuous period between Mexico's revolutions of 1810 and 1910 saw few advances in geological knowledge, the reign of President Porfirio Díaz produced a geologic map of Mexico, the founding of the Instituto de Geología, and an ‘American invasion’ of geologists and mining engineers who locally gathered information on the nature of volcanic rocks of western Mexico. During the same period, Instituto geologist Ezequiel Ordóñez established the general stratigraphic sequence in the SMO, recognized the widespread occurrence of rhyolite there, and applied the petrographic microscope to the study of SMO volcanic rocks. The first identification of ignimbrites in the SMO came as a result of the World War II-era search for strategic minerals, and NASA's push to put a man on the Moon supported a series of student mapping projects producing the SMO's first geologic maps showing individual ignimbrite units and calderas.
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Orlov, Viktor, Evgeny Kiselev, Andrey Morozov, Evgeny Farrakhov, Aslambek Germakhanov, Alexander Chernykh, Evgeniya Sidorova et al. "Youth geological movement as a factor of staff formation within the Russian geological industry". Domestic geology, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-7175-2021-10001.
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The paper reviews the background of the Russian youth movement. Succession of children’s and school education in geosciences for over 150 years is shown. For the past 55 years, the Russian geological olympiad of young geologists has been among the most significant events to improve geological education level in school, share experience and promote geological job. Features of organization, holding, judging and team participation in the Russian young geologist olympiads at the current stage are characterized. It's shown the important role played by Rosnedra, ROSGEO and teachers of numerous young geologist clubs in providing school students with ideas of geologist work features and basic geological knowledge for national economy development. Program features and results of the latest XII young geologist olympiad are presented. Information is provided on the most prominent young geologist schools from Perm, Chelyabinsk, Moscow, Krasnoyarsk and other cities
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Telecka, Małgorzata. "Geologia w sztuce Wyspy Wielkanocnej". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia 72, n.º 2 (14 de setembro de 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/b.2017.72.2.73-96.
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<p>Geoturystyka jako dział turystyki stała się jedną z poważniejszych dziedzin turystyki. W ostatnich latach wydzielono wiele obszarów i stanowisk geoturystycznych w różnych częściach świata. Oprócz obszarów stricte geoturystycznych, turyści zainteresowani geologią biorą udział np. w wycieczkach geologicznych po miastach, gdzie poznają skały, z których wykonano budynki, mury, chodniki, pomniki nagrobne itp. Kolejnym krokiem w rozwoju turystyki geologicznej może być również geoturystyka związana ze sztuką danego miejsca i wykorzystywanymi do jej wytwarzania skałami i minerałami. Jednym z miejsc gdzie sztuka nierozerwalnie łączy się z lokalną geologią jest Wyspa Wielkanocna (Rapa Nui). Zarówno dobór materiałów do wykonania narzędzi, jak wykorzystanie konkretnych skał do tworzenia najbardziej charakterystycznych rzeźb na świecie wynikały z uwarunkowań geologicznych wyspy. Kilka podanych poniżej przykładów wpływu geologii Rapa Nui na jej sztukę pokazuje, że geologię wyspy można poznawać również poprzez jej kulturę materialną.</p>
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Hildén, Jukka. "Kivialan opettamisen haasteet aikuiskoulutuksessa". Aikuiskasvatus 35, n.º 1 (15 de fevereiro de 2015): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.94122.
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Geologian lähialojen, biologian, maantieteen, kemian ja fysiikan, opetusoppi eli didaktiikka on meillä jo vanhaa perua. Entä miten on itse geologian laita? Sen opettamista ei Suomessa liene paljoa pohdittu – eihän geologia ole kouluainekaan.
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Nainggolan, Tumpal Benhard, e Subarsyah Subarsyah. "SUPPRESSING DIFFRACTION EFFECT USING KIRCHHOFF PRE-STACK TIME MIGRATION ON 2D SEISMIC MULTICHANNEL DATA AT FLORES SEA". BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 29, n.º 2 (15 de fevereiro de 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.29.2.2014.67.
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2D seismic multichannel survey has been carried out by Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia to interpret imaging and sub-surface geological information in the Flores Sea. Seismic data processing starts from pre-processing until migration stage. Migration is an important stage in the seismic processing, because at this stage the effects of diffraction and oblique reflectors caused by fault, salt domes, wedging, etc. will be repositioned to the actual points. One example of diffraction effects can be seen on the seismic section of a conventional stacking that have not migrated, i.e. resulting in an apparent bowtie reflector. Geologists find difficulties in interpreting geological information from diffracted seismic section, so it needs further processing to overcome the effects. By using Kirchhoff method and carried out during the Pre-Stack Time Migration (PSTM), this method turns out to produce migrated seismic section which is much better than conventional stacked one. This is due to the Kirchhoff method suppressed the identified diffraction effects, so that the geologist can interpret geological structure of the resulting migrated seismic section of the Flores Sea.
Keywords : 2D seismic multichannel, diffraction, Pre-Stack Time Migration (PSTM), Kirchhoff method.
A Survei seismik 2D multichannel dilaksanakan oleh Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia untuk mengetahui gambaran serta informasi geologi bawah permukaan Laut Flores. Pengolahan data seismik dimulai dari pre-processing sampai tahap migration. Tahap migration merupakan tahap terpenting dalam pengolahan data seismik, oleh karena pada tahap ini efek difraksi dan reflektor miring yang diakibatkan oleh sesar, kubah garam, pembajian, dan lain-lain akan dikembalikan pada keadaan sebenarnya. Salah satu contoh adanya efek difraksi bisa dilihat pada penampang stacking konvensional yaitu “bowtie†yang mengakibatkan terjadinya reflektor semu pada penampang seismik. Efek difraksi “bowtie†sangat menyulitkan para peneliti dalam memperoleh informasi geologi, sehingga perlu adanya proses lebih lanjut untuk mengatasi efek tersebut. Salah satu metode migrasi yang berkembang saat ini yaitu metode Kirchhoff dan dilakukan pada saat Pre-Stack Time Migration (PSTM), menunjukkan hasil penampang jauh lebih baik daripada penampang stacking konvensional. Hal ini terjadi karena pada metode Kirchhoff Pre-Stack Time Migration, efek difraksi tersebut ditekan lebih awal sehingga penampang yang dihasilkan mampu menggambarkan struktur geologi permukaan Laut Flores Sea. Kata kunci : seismik 2D multikanal, difraksi, Pre-Stack Time Migration (PSTM), metode Kirchhoff.
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Visher, Glenn. "A History of Geological Thought". Earth Sciences History 5, n.º 2 (1 de janeiro de 1986): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.5.2.t377471g583486mp.
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The history of the geological sciences has gone through substantive changes in perception, methodology, and changing methods of scientific synthesis. This progression has led to changes in the philosophy of scientific endeavor in the geological sciences. In addition, geological scientists have contributed to the other sciences in changing the methods of demonstrating and validating scientific hypotheses. Scientific approaches useful in one field may not be applicable in all fields of inquiry, and proofs must be demonstrated by differing types of synthesis. Inductive, deductive, teleological, analogous, causal, experimental, developmental, empirical, or conceptual methods have been used in the geological sciences.Geological thought can be placed in an historical framework from 18th Century Naturalism, to Rationalism of the 19th Century, deductive inferences from causality and experiment, and of special importance, historical syntheses based upon analogous comparison. Actualistic comparisons and quantification were the goals between 1945 and 1965.The inability to validate geologicl hypotheses in terms of mathematics was a real crisis in geological thought. This inability also was found to exist in physics and mathematics by Heisenberg and Gödel. The introduction of the conceptual model by Rosenblueth and Wiener, 1944-5, provided a new approach to validating hypotheses. Observation could be synthesized by the use of an "idea" or "schema". The model was a useful tool or device that provided the bases for the interrelation of observations, for directed observation, and for prediction of new patterns of observation. Models are now applied to all types of geological observation, and have placed geological thought on a par with other sciences utilizing mathematical theorems. The model approach is a multivariant analysis of independent types of observation. Geologic thought is in transition to new methods and approaches. The new approach is beyond inference, "look alike" comparisons, and statistical statements of association; it is now truly a creative synthesis verifiable by experience, experiment, and new observations.
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Yu, Jiang Tao, Jin Liang Zhang e Shuang Yan Chen. "Application of Three-Dimensional Fine Geological Modeling in Complex Fault-Block Reservoir with Low Permeability". Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (fevereiro de 2014): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.779.
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Three dimensional geologic modeling is a powerful tool for reservoir development stages of geological study, it can solves many traditional problems existing in geological research through the establishment of precise three dimensional geologic modeling and represents an important direction for the further development of oilfield geological research. Low permeability and thin interbed reservoir of complex fault block have the characteristics of severe heterogeneity, complex relations of oil-water distribution, poor development effect, it is necessary to built high precision three dimensional geologic modeling in the process of oilfield exploration and to fine reservoir description and prediction on this basis, finally reach the purpose of reduce the risk of development and improve the economic benefit. This paper makes geological modeling research and builds structural models sedimentary micro-facies models and phased property model for Zhuzhuang block of Jiangsu oilfield by utilizing three dimensional geologic modeling technique and petrel geology modeling software on the basis of integrated using of geology, logging, oil production test, production of dynamic information, thus it provide a solid basis for reservoir's development and adjustment.
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Abreu, Francisco de Assis Matos de, José Fernando Pina Assis, Jamylle Trindade de Matos, Leticia Briglia Ramos Arantes e Eliã Jéssica Oliveira Silva. "Monitoria proativa: uma experiência didático-pedagógica do grupo de ensino de Geologia Introdutória da Faculdade de Geologia da Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-PA". Terrae Didatica 10, n.º 3 (23 de junho de 2015): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/td.v10i3.8637355.
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Este trabalho apresenta os primeiros resultados concretos do Projeto Monitoria Proativa, implementado em 2009 no Curso de Geologia da Universidade Federal do Pará, como ferramenta pedagógica para otimização do aproveitamento estudantil nos conteúdos das geologias introdutórias, traduzidos em dois produtos didáticos: Roteiro de Atividades para Prática de Campo em Geologia Introdutória e Kits Didático-Metodológicos em Geologia Introdutória. Além disso o trabalho descreve, em linhas gerais, o processo pedagógico de sua elaboração.
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Testa, Stephen. "Josiah D. Whitney and William P. Blake: Conflicts in Relation to California Geology and the Fate of the First California Geological Survey". Earth Sciences History 21, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2002): 46–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.21.1.l175607470v75232.
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Josiah D. Whitney and William P. Blake shared common social and educational backgrounds and pursued similar professional career paths at a time when employment in geology was undependable. Their professional paths crossed numerous times over the course of five decades in what initially was an amicable professional relationship that evolved by 1860 into competition for state geologist and director of the first California Geological Survey, and California commissioner for the London International Exhibition. Beyond simple competition, Whitney and Blake disagreed over important mainstream geological and ethnological issues germane to California during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The primary issues evolved around the potential economic value of oil and the Bodie Mining District, earthquakes and seismic risk, origin of the Yosemite Valley, the significance of the Calaveras Skull and the antiquity of man, the age of the gold-bearing rocks of California, and formation of the College of California. Both men were influential, however, Blake's contributions to the early geologic understanding of California were more optimistic and compatible with California's needs, while correctly forecasting the state's potential growth and providing insight into the geology and mineral and agricultural resources of the region. Despite Whitney's contributions while serving as director, his personal disposition and pessimistic views sealed the fate of the first geological survey of California.
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TAYLOR, MICHAEL A., e HUGH S. TORRENS. "The local geologist 8: The local geological historian". Geology Today 8, n.º 3 (maio de 1992): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.1992.tb00375.x.
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Kasmaee, Sara, Giuseppe Raspa, Chantal de Fouquet, Francesco Tinti, Stefano Bonduà e Roberto Bruno. "Geostatistical Estimation of Multi-Domain Deposits with Transitional Boundaries: A Sensitivity Study for the Sechahun Iron Mine". Minerals 9, n.º 2 (16 de fevereiro de 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9020115.
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In mineral resource estimation, identification of the geological domains to be used for modeling, and the type of boundaries dividing them, is a major concern. Generally, the variables within a domain are estimated with an assumption of the hard boundaries (sharp contact). However, in many cases, the geologic structures that generate a deposit are transitional (overlapping of several geologic domains). Consequently, boundary identification of the geological domains is essential for an accurate estimate of resources. This paper considers a real application to examine whether the addition of geologic information benefits grade estimation in the presence of transitional boundaries. Results proved that the accuracy of the grade estimation can be improved by adding geological information and there is a significant sensitivity in grade estimation results in the existence of transitional boundaries.
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Williams, D. A. "NASA’S PLANETARY GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROGRAM: OVERVIEW". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (14 de junho de 2016): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-519-2016.
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NASA’s Planetary Science Division supports the geologic mapping of planetary surfaces through a distinct organizational structure and a series of research and analysis (R&A) funding programs. Cartography and geologic mapping issues for NASA’s planetary science programs are overseen by the Mapping and Planetary Spatial Infrastructure Team (MAPSIT), which is an assessment group for cartography similar to the Mars Exploration Program Assessment Group (MEPAG) for Mars exploration. MAPSIT’s Steering Committee includes specialists in geological mapping, who make up the Geologic Mapping Subcommittee (GEMS). I am the GEMS Chair, and with a group of 3-4 community mappers we advise the U.S. Geological Survey Planetary Geologic Mapping Coordinator (Dr. James Skinner) and develop policy and procedures to aid the planetary geologic mapping community. GEMS meets twice a year, at the Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in March, and at the Annual Planetary Mappers’ Meeting in June (attendance is required by all NASA-funded geologic mappers). Funding programs under NASA’s current R&A structure to propose geological mapping projects include Mars Data Analysis (Mars), Lunar Data Analysis (Moon), Discovery Data Analysis (Mercury, Vesta, Ceres), Cassini Data Analysis (Saturn moons), Solar System Workings (Venus or Jupiter moons), and the Planetary Data Archiving, Restoration, and Tools (PDART) program. Current NASA policy requires all funded geologic mapping projects to be done digitally using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. In this presentation we will discuss details on how geologic mapping is done consistent with current NASA policy and USGS guidelines.
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Walker, J. D., J. W. Geissman, S. A. Bowring e L. E. Babcock. "The Geological Society of America Geologic Time Scale". Geological Society of America Bulletin 125, n.º 3-4 (10 de dezembro de 2012): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b30712.1.
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Mirlin, E. G., E. V. Khotchenkov e I. A. Cherevkovskaya. "GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM AS AN INNOVATIVE PLATFORM OF EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH THE YOUNGER GENERATION". Innovatics and Expert Examination, n.º 3(28) (25 de dezembro de 2019): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-3-132-142.
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The experience of educational work with the younger generation in order to awaken its interest in the professions of geologist and miner is considered. Innovative approaches are developed and implemented in three areas: practical works with geological and paleontological samples; conducting «geological expeditions», where children acquire the skills of a field geologist, get acquainted with the objects of the mining industry and carry out the formation of personal geological collections; the study of geological processes and structures through specialized excursions in the Museums expositions. The efficiency of the applied methods is analyzed, the ways of their further development and improvement are discussed. Many tasks are solved in the framework of projects and programs of the Interuniversity Academic center of navigation in the field of mining and geological profile. The experience gained may be of interest to the other natural science museums, as well as to organizations that carry out educational work with the younger generation.
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Gulbrandsen, Mats Lundh, Lyndsay B. Ball, Burke J. Minsley e Thomas Mejer Hansen. "Automatic mapping of the base of aquifer — A case study from Morrill, Nebraska". Interpretation 5, n.º 2 (31 de maio de 2017): T231—T241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0195.1.
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When a geologist sets up a geologic model, various types of disparate information may be available, such as exposures, boreholes, and (or) geophysical data. In recent years, the amount of geophysical data available has been increasing, a trend that is only expected to continue. It is nontrivial (and often, in practice, impossible) for the geologist to take all the details of the geophysical data into account when setting up a geologic model. We have developed an approach that allows for the objective quantification of information from geophysical data and borehole observations in a way that is easy to integrate in the geologic modeling process. This will allow the geologist to make a geologic interpretation that is consistent with the geophysical information at hand. We have determined that automated interpretation of geologic layer boundaries using information from boreholes and geophysical data alone can provide a good geologic layer model, even before manual interpretation has begun. The workflow is implemented on a set of boreholes and airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data from Morrill, Nebraska. From the borehole logs, information about the depth to the base of aquifer (BOA) is extracted and used together with the AEM data to map a surface that represents this geologic contact. Finally, a comparison between our automated approach and a previous manual mapping of the BOA in the region validates the quality of the proposed method and suggests that this workflow will allow a much faster and objective geologic modeling process that is consistent with the available data.
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Admassu, Yonathan. "Digital Surface Model-aided Quantitative Geologic Rockfall Rating System (QG-RRS)". Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, n.º 4 (8 de novembro de 2019): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2102.
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ABSTRACT Rockfalls are one of the most common types of slope failures that affect cut slopes along roadways in mountainous regions. The Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS), started in Oregon and adopted by various U.S. states, is used to rate cut slopes with respect to their likelihood of releasing rockfalls. Existing rating systems use semi-quantitative approaches to rate geological and non-geological factors. The main geologic factors are favorability/unfavorability of orientation of discontinuities with respect to the orientation of slope faces and likelihood of differential weathering leading to undercutting of strong rock units. Digital surface models (DSMs) derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and photogrammetry have been used to remotely characterize rock mass. This research introduces an expanded application of DSMs to quantify geologic factors that contribute to the likelihood of rockfall events. The method is hence referred to as the Quantitative Geologic Rockfall Rating System (QG-RRS). Four DSM-based parameters, A, B, C, and D, have been identified to evaluate geologic factors. These parameters quantify the likelihood of discontinuity orientation-controlled failures (parameter A), the degree of undercutting (parameter B), rockfall activity based on rockfall release surfaces (parameter C), and rockfall volume from rockfall voids (parameter D). This rating system, although not inclusive of other non-geological factors, appears to provide reproducible quantitative estimation of geologic factors that control rockfall generation.
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Liu, Shao Hua, Xin Hai Wang e Tang Jun. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Stratified Geologic Body and Application". Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (novembro de 2012): 2866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2866.
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Visual technology and three-dimension modeling of Geologic bodies have important meaning in the fields of geological research and resource explore. Based on TIN surface, this paper realizes the model reconstructing of stratified geological entity three-dimension, with the aid of three-dimensional graphic library OpenGL, the visualization and any section view of geological three-dimension model can be achieved, which offers powerful support for excavating the information of 3D geological model
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Häusler, Hermann. "Did anthropogeology anticipate the idea of the Anthropocene?" Anthropocene Review 5, n.º 1 (16 de novembro de 2017): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019617742169.
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The term anthropogeology was coined in 1959 by the Austrian geologist Heinrich Häusler. It was taken up by the Swiss geologist Heinrich Jäckli in 1972, and independently introduced again by the German geologist Rudolf Hohl in 1974. Their concept aimed at mitigating humankind’s geotechnical and ecological impact in the dimension of endogenic and exogenic geologic processes. In that context anthropogeology was defined as the scientific discipline of applied geology integrating sectors of geosciences, geography, juridical, political and economic sciences as well as sectors of engineering sciences. In 1979 the German geologist Werner Kasig newly defined anthropogeology as human dependency on geologic conditions, in particular focusing on building stone, aggregates, groundwater and mineral resources. The severe problems of environmental pollution since the 1980s and the political relevance of environmental protection led to the initiation of the discipline ‘environmental geosciences’, which – in contrast to anthropogeology – was and is taught at universities worldwide.
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Warwick, Peter D., Mahendra K. Verma, Philip A. Freeman, Margo D. Corum e Stephen H. Hickman. "U.S. Geological Survey Carbon Sequestration – Geologic Research and Assessments". Energy Procedia 63 (2014): 5305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.561.
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Tague, C. L., J. S. Choate e G. Grant. "Parameterizing sub-surface drainage with geology to improve modeling streamflow responses to climate in data limited environments". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, n.º 1 (29 de janeiro de 2013): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-341-2013.
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Abstract. Hydrologic models are one of the core tools used to project how water resources may change under a warming climate. These models are typically applied over a range of scales, from headwater streams to higher order rivers, and for a variety of purposes, such as evaluating changes to aquatic habitat or reservoir operation. Most hydrologic models require streamflow data to calibrate subsurface drainage parameters. In many cases, long-term gage records may not be available for calibration, particularly when assessments are focused on low-order stream reaches. Consequently, hydrologic modeling of climate change impacts is often performed in the absence of sufficient data to fully parameterize these hydrologic models. In this paper, we assess a geologic-based strategy for assigning drainage parameters. We examine the performance of this modeling strategy for the McKenzie River watershed in the US Oregon Cascades, a region where previous work has demonstrated sharp contrasts in hydrology based primarily on geological differences between the High and Western Cascades. Based on calibration and verification using existing streamflow data, we demonstrate that: (1) a set of streams ranging from 1st to 3rd order within the Western Cascade geologic region can share the same drainage parameter set, while (2) streams from the High Cascade geologic region require a different parameter set. Further, we show that a watershed comprised of a mixture of High and Western Cascade geologies can be modeled without additional calibration by transferring parameters from these distinctive High and Western Cascade end-member parameter sets. More generally, we show that by defining a set of end-member parameters that reflect different geologic classes, we can more efficiently apply a hydrologic model over a geologically complex landscape and resolve geo-climatic differences in how different watersheds are likely to respond to simple warming scenarios.
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Budiono, Kris, e Godwin Latuputty. "SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL CONDITION OF SEVERAL LAND COASTAL ZONE IN INDONESIA BASED ON THE GSSI GROUND PROBING RADAR (GPR) RECORD INTERPRETATION". BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 23, n.º 1 (15 de fevereiro de 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.23.1.2008.6.
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The GSSI Ground Penetrating radar have been used to profile the shallow depth of subsurface geology of several area of Land Coastal zone in Indonesia Analysis of a large data base of GPR profile from natural subsurface geological condition along the land coast line have allowed identification of reflection configuration that characterize this type of sub surface geological environment. In many contamination problem, the geological information of coastal area is sparse and drill-core description only gives a limited picture of the geometry of inhomogeneties. The Ground-Probing Radar (GPR) method is a promising tool for resolving changes of physical properties in subsurface geological condition at the scale of natural inhomogeneties arising from changing lithology composition. The objective of present work are to examine whether and to what extent the characteristic lithofacies of subsurface lithology can be recognised as mapable reflection pattern on ground probing radar (GPR) reflection profiles in order to gain information about the subsurface geometry of subsurface geology in coastal area.
Key word: Subsurface geology, coastal zone, Ground Probing Radar
Ground probing radar produksi GSSI telah dipergunakan untuk membuat penampang geologi bawah permukaan dangkal di beberapa kawasan pantai Indonesia. Analisa data dasar penampang GPR dari geologi bawah permukaan di kawasan pantai dapat memperlihatkan konfigurasi reflector yang mencerminkan jenis lingkungan geologi bawah permukaan. Dalam masalah kontaminasi, informasi geologi di daerah pantai yang dihasilkan dari pemboran inti hanya dapat memperlihatkan gambaran yang sederhana tentang geometri ketidakseragaman. Metoda ground probing radar merupakan alat bantu yang menjanjikan untuk menanggulangi masalah sifat fisik kondisi geologi bawah permukaan pada skala ketidak seragaman yang sebenarnya dari perubahan komposisi litologi. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sampai sejauh mana karakteristik litofasies dari litologi bawah permukaan dapat dilihat sebagai pola refleksi yang dapat dipetakan dalam penampang GPR dengan maksud untuk mendapatkan informasi geometri geologi bawah permukaan di daerah pantai.
Kata kunci: Geologi bawah permukaan, zona pantai, “Ground probing radarâ€
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Zhang, Hong Chang, Yu Sheng Li e Jie Bao. "Study on the Seismic Damaging Effects of Mountainous Towns in Wenchuan Earthquake". Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (janeiro de 2012): 2041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2041.
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Through the survey and research on seismic damage phenomena of damaged towns by Wenchuan Earthquake and geological environment , this article identify that the seismic damage effect of towns damaged by Wenchuan Earthquake mainly includes four types which are fault dislocation effect、site and foundation effect、topography motion amplified action and geologic hazard effect. Site selection of the reconstruction of damaged towns and seidmic design of building and other problems are complex and systemic engineering problems, and they refer to many complex factors such as earthquake faults、geologic hazards、national well-being and the people's livelihood, economic development and so on. The basic principles of consideration should be: for the mountain towns which are located at seismic fault zone and exist serious geological disaster, they must be avoided and relocated off-site; for the towns which are away from the fault for a distance and have no fatal geological disaster risk, we should follow the principles of "scientific planning, normative avoidance and reasonablely adjust the seismic standards" and reconstruct in the former location. Reconstruction site should also pay attention to the concealment of geological hazards, the multiplicity and long-term sustainability of induced factors and so on, so we should enhance the suitability evaluation of the geological environment and risk assessment of geological disaster.
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McGee, James J., e Klaus Keil. "Application of Electron Probe Microanalysis to the Study of Geological and Planetary Materials". Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, n.º 2 (março de 2001): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100050010081.
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Abstract The impact of electron probe microanalysis on the study of geological and planetary materials has been tremendous. Electron microprobes evolved into routine analytical instruments in geological research laboratories as instrument capabilities improved and applications to geologic/planetary materials expanded. The contributions of electron probe microanalysis to the characterization of minerals, both terrestrial and extraterrestrial, and to other significant geological research, such as light element analysis, trace element analysis, and element mapping, is described.
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Shatalov, M. M. "ACADEMICIAN VOLODYMYR VASYLYOVYCH RIZNYCHENKO — AN OUTSTANDING GEOLOGIST, ARTIST, AND POET (to the 150th Anniversary of his birth)". Geological Journal, n.º 1 (16 de abril de 2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2021.1.225791.
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The article is dedicated to the scientific, scientific-organizational and social-educational activity of the talented Ukrainian geologist, artist and poet, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR, Volodymyr Vasyliovych Riznychenko — the second director of the Institute of Geological Sciences of Ukraine. Together with academicians V.I. Vernadsky, P.A. Tutkovsky, V.I. Luchytsky, the scientist was at the origins of the Geological Committee, the Academyof Sciences and the Institute of Geological Sciences, the oldest scientific center in the field of geology in Ukraine.
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Shatalov, N. "SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PROFESSOR V.I. KROKOS, THE FIRST DEAN OF THE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC FACULTY OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV. THE 130-TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTHDAY". Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, n.º 4 (87) (2019): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.87.15.
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The article is devoted to the research of scientific and pedagogical activity of Vladimir Ivanovich Krokos (1889–1936). an outstanding Ukrainian geologist, geomorphologist, soil scientist, paleontologist, zoologist, stratigraphist, geologist, first dean of the geological-geographical faculty of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University. It also displays the main stages of the life and scientific and pedagogical work of the scientist in Odessa and Kyiv.
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Hoffman, B. Todd, Jef K. Caers, Xian-Huan Wen e Sebastien B. Strebelle. "A Practical Data Integration Approach to History Matching: Application to a Deepwater Reservoir". SPE Journal 11, n.º 04 (1 de dezembro de 2006): 464–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/95557-pa.
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Summary This paper presents an innovative methodology to integrate prior geologic information, well-log data, seismic data, and production data into a consistent 3D reservoir model. Furthermore, the method is applied to a real channel reservoir from the African coast. The methodology relies on the probability-perturbation method (PPM). Perturbing probabilities rather than actual petrophysical properties guarantees that the conceptual geologic model is maintained and that any history-matching-related artifacts are avoided. Creating reservoir models that match all types of data are likely to have more prediction power than methods in which some data are not honored. The first part of the paper reviews the details of the PPM, and the next part of this paper describes the additional work that is required to history-match real reservoirs using this method. Then, a geological description of the reservoir case study is provided, and the procedure to build 3D reservoir models that are only conditioned to the static data is covered. Because of the character of the field, the channels are modeled with a multiple-point geostatistical method. The channel locations are perturbed in a manner such that the oil, water, and gas rates from the reservoir more accurately match the rates observed in the field. Two different geologic scenarios are used, and multiple history-matched models are generated for each scenario. The reservoir has been producing for approximately 5 years, but the models are matched only to the first 3 years of production. Afterward, to check predictive power, the matched models are run for the last 1½ years, and the results compare favorably with the field data. Introduction Reservoir models are constructed to better understand reservoir behavior and to better predict reservoir response. Economic decisions are often based on the predictions from reservoir models; therefore, such predictions need to be as accurate as possible. To achieve this goal, the reservoir model should honor all sources of data, including well-log, seismic, geologic information, and dynamic (production rate and pressure) data. Incorporating dynamic data into the reservoir model is generally known as history matching. History matching is difficult because it poses a nonlinear inverse problem in the sense that the relationship between the reservoir model parameters and the dynamic data is highly nonlinear and multiple solutions are avail- able. Therefore, history matching is often done with a trial-and-error method. In real-world applications of history matching, reservoir engineers manually modify an initial model provided by geoscientists until the production data are matched. The initial model is built based on geological and seismic data. While attempts are usually made to honor these other data as much as possible, often the history-matched models are unrealistic from a geological (and geophysical) point of view. For example, permeability is often altered to increase or decrease flow in areas where a mismatch is observed; however, the permeability alterations usually come in the form of box-shaped or pipe-shaped geometries centered around wells or between wells and tend to be devoid of any geologica. considerations. The primary focus lies in obtaining a history match.
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Fakundiny, Robert. "The New York State Museum: Child of the Geological Survey that Grew to be its Guardian". Earth Sciences History 6, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1987): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.1.9w66h2g183510672.
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The New York State Museum was created by State legislation in 1870 out of the old State Cabinet, which held the specimens collected by the State Geological and Natural History Survey, James Hall, then State Geologist and Palaeontologist within the Survey, was named Director of the Museum. Hall's need to possess and study vast quantities of paleontological specimens required space for collections storage and processing. His collections became the major supply of specimens for the Cabinet and eventually the Museum. After the original Survey was disbanded, in the early 1840's, Hall's presence gave the Cabinet a definite geological character. As the chief geological scientist, Hall considered the geological research of the Cabinet and later the Museum as a product of the "Geological Survey of New York," even though no formal designation of such a unit was ever proclaimed by state legislation. After all, other states were forming geological research units similar to Hall's and calling them geological surveys. It made sense for good communications for Hall and his predecessor State Geologists to refer to their staff as the New York State Geological Survey. Eventually, through a series of other legislative acts, most importantly in 1904 and 1945, the Museum was made the formal administrative home for the Geological Survey and, thus, its guardian. Museum Directors, therefore, have had the principle role in determining the fate of geological and paleontological research within the Geological Survey, After 1926, when the first non-geologist became director, the Museum's research scope grew faster in other natural and social history areas, such as botany, entomology, zoology, archaeology, ethnology, and history. This expansion is exemplified by the addition of a State Historian to the Education Department in 1895. During its 150-year history the Geological Survey has moved six times, and it is now housed in the Cultural Education Center in the Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York.
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ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΔΗΣ, Α. "Environmental geology: Branch of geosciences or a marketing term?" Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, n.º 3 (1 de janeiro de 2001): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17167.
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Environmental Geology is considered to have been coined for the environmental sensitive market. It originated in the United States in the late 1960's to attract students to save the closure of University Geology Departments. After almost thirty years there are still questions about its viability as a stand alone branch of geological sciences, since by definition it encompasses all the specialised branches of engineering geology, economic geology, structural geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, geophysics, etc. The environmental geologist must, therefore, be a "super geologist", which is an impossibility by present day standards. University curricula in Environmental Geology still teach the basic geological subjects of geology degrees, since these serve as a strong foundation for courses in the environmental field. In the United States, students are required to take at least four elective courses in environmentally orientated earth science subjects during their first degree. Whereas in the United Kingdom a Master of Science course in environmental subjects is recommended as a follow-up to the first degree in Environmental Geology, again a misnomer for the degree in pure Geology. It is quite apparent that Universities jumped on the bandwagon of the environmental market, without serious thought into what they were embarking. They created a non-existent market orientated branch of geological sciences, Environmental Geology, and they subsequently realised that it is impossible to produce the "super student" and the "super geologist", for this is what is in fact demanded. It is strongly believed, that specialists in the different branches of geological sciences, because of their in depth study of the natural geological environment and its processes, have considerable knowledge and expertise to be applied in the solution of environmental problems. This must, therefore, be advertised by both Universities and State Geological Surveys, for advertising is a more powerful tool of getting the message across to the public and to policy-makers, rather than by making up new branches of science with no content.
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Intan, Fadhlan Syuaib. "GEOARKEOLOGI KARST SAROLANGUN, JAMBI". JURNAL WALENNAE 16, n.º 1 (29 de julho de 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/wln.v16i1.310.
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Sarolangun Karst belongs to the Sarolangun Regency, preserving the cultural remains of the mesolithic period, which has not been too concerned by environmental researchers, especially geoarchaeology. This is the issue that covers general geological conditions. The purpose of this research is to mapping the surface geology in general as an effort to present geological information related to archeological site. The aim is to know the geomorphological, stratigraphic aspects of the archaeological sites. The research method is done through literature review, survey, field data analysis and interpretation. Environmental observations provide information on the landscape of the study area consisting of terrestrial morphology units, weak wavy morphology, strong corrugated morphology units, and karst morphology units. The rivers are dendritic and rectangular, along with the mature-old river, the Old River, Periodic/Permanent River and the Episodic/Intermittent River. The rocks of prehistoric cave compilers are limestones. The geologic structure is a fracture of the shear fault type. Exploration at Sarolangun Karst has listed 6 cave sites. From the classification of petrology, litik tools made of jasper, chert, basalt and andesite rocks. Rock as a raw material litik, found around caves in both the outcrop and boulder. For obsidian sources are located in Bukit Hulu Simpang and Bukit Legal Tinggi.Karst Sarolangun termasuk wilayah Kabupaten Sarolangun, menyimpan tinggalan budaya yang berasal dari masa mesolitik, yang selama ini belum terlalu diperhatikan oleh peneliti lingkungan, khususnya geoarkeologi. Hal inilah yang menjadi pokok permasalahan yang mencakup kondisi geologi secara umum. Adapun maksud penelitian ini adalah melakukan pemetaan geologi permukaan secara umum sebagai salah satu upaya menyajikan informasi geologi terkait dengan situs arkeologi. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek geomorfologi, stratigrafi di situs-situs arkeologi. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui kajian pustaka, survei, analisis data lapangan dan interpretasi. Pengamatan lingkungan memberikan informasi tentang bentang alam daerah penelitian yang terdiri dari satuan morfologi dataran, satuan morfologi bergelombang lemah, satuan morfologi bergelombang kuat, dan satuan morfologi karst. Sungainya berpola aliran dendritik dan rektangular, berstadia Sungai Dewasa-Tua, Sungai Tua, Sungai Periodik/Permanen, dan Sungai Episodik/Intermittent. Batuan penyusun gua prasejarah adalah batugamping. Struktur geologi berupa patahan dari jenis patahan geser. Eksplorasi di Karst Sarolangun telah mendata 6 situs gua. Dari klasifikasi petrologi, alat-alat litik terbuat dari batuan jasper, chert, basal dan andesit. Batuan sebagai bahan baku alat litik, banyak ditemukan di sekitar gua-gua baik dalam bentuk singkapan maupun boulder. Untuk sumber obsidian terdapat di Bukit Hulu Simpang dan Bukit Legal Tinggi.
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Hannibal, Joseph T. "The man in the urn: the geological contributions of Joseph Stanley-Brown, geologist, financier, and presidential aide". Earth Sciences History 34, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2015): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-34.1.102.
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Joseph Stanley-Brown (1858–1941) played a quiet but important role in the formation of the U. S. Geological Survey as a secretary of John Wesley Powell and James A. Garfield. He was also a long-time (40-year) editor of the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, and provided financial oversight of the Penrose Bequest for the Geological Society of America during the Great Depression. He made a number of other geological contributions as well. The remains of this geologist and financier are interred in the crypt of the Garfield Monument, near those of the President whom he once served as a secretary. That President was also knowledgeable about geology and was a champion of geological surveys on the state and national level.
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Hayek, Jorge Nicolas, Berta Vilacís, Hans-Peter Bunge, Anke M. Friedrich, Sara Carena e Yulia Vibe. "Continent-scale Hiatus Maps for the Atlantic Realm and Australia since the Upper Jurassic and links to mantle flow induced dynamic topography". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, n.º 2242 (outubro de 2020): 20200390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0390.
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Interregional geological maps hold important information for geodynamic models. Here, we use such maps to visualize major conformable and unconformable contacts at interregional scales and at the level of geologic series from the Upper Jurassic onward across North and South America, Europe, Africa and Australia. We extract hiatus information from these paleogeological maps, which we plot in a paleogeographical reference frame to link the maps to the plate and plume modes of mantle convection. We assume that interregional patterns of hiatus surfaces are proxy records of continent-scale mantle-induced vertical motion of the lithosphere. We find significant differences in the distribution of hiatus across and between continents at the timescale of geologic series, that is ten to a few tens of millions of years (Myrs). This is smaller than the mantle transit time, which, as the timescale of convection, is about 100–200 Myrs. Our results imply that different timescales for convection and topography in convective support must be an integral component of time-dependent geodynamic Earth models, consistent with the presence of a weaker upper mantle relative to the lower mantle. Additional geological constraints together with interregional geological maps at the resolution of stages (1–2 Myrs), are needed to assist in future geodynamic interpretations of interregional geologic hiatus.
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Yang, Zhen Xing, e Jian Jun Zhou. "Mine 3D Geological Interface Modeling by NURBS Technology". Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (dezembro de 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.44.
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It is imperative for 3D modeling of mining or underground engineering to precisely and efficiently describe various interfaces, which is also the precondition for 3D visualization of underground engineering. NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) curve and surface technology are introduced in the paper. With help of analyzing 3D geologic structure of Laohutai mining area and comprehensive treatment of surfaces of tunnels and geologic structures. 3D geological surfaces of mining area are built which is the base of building complex 3D geologic modeling.
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Sagong, Hee, e Soo-Jae Lee. "A Measure on the Conservation of Geological Heritages : Geological Survey and Evaluation Forms for Geologic Outcrops". Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea 23, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2014): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7854/jpsk.2014.23.2.145.
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Lemenkova, Polina. "Insights on the Indian Ocean Tectonics and Geophysics Supported by GMT." Risks and Catastrophes Journal 27, n.º 2 (5 de dezembro de 2020): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rcj2020_12.
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This paper presented analyzed and summarized data on geological and geophysical settings about the tectonics and geological structure of the seafloor of the Indian Ocean by thematic visualization of the topographic, geophysical and geological data. The seafloor topography of the Indian Ocean is very complex which includes underwater hills, isolated mountains, underwater canyons, abyssal and accumulative plains, trenches. Complex geological settings explain seismic activity, repetitive earthquakes, and tsunami. Understanding and prognosis of the disastrous and catastrophic geological events is strongly based on correct data analysis, modelling and visualization. An important feature of this paper is mapping multi-source high-resolution data by GMT. Data include raster grids in NetCDF and GRD formats: ETOPO1, geologic and marine free-air gravity data, EGM96, age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the ocean crust by NOAA, total sediment thickness. Data were visualized by GMT modules to compare and analyze geophysical and geological settings of the Indian Ocean. Visualization reveled correlations between high bathymetric variations of the oceanic seafloor, distribution of main geological seafloor fabric: Southwest, Southeast, Mid and Carlsberg ridges. Tectonic maps were plotted to perform comparative analysis of several variables: crust age, spreading half rates (mm/yr), asymmetries in crustal accretion on conjugate ridge flanks (%), variations in the geopotential and gravimetric models. Being the warmest of the world’s ocean, Indian Ocean has specific climatic conditions (repetitive monsoons, tsunamis, cyclones and storms), complex geologic seafloor structure with triple junction and unique geographic settings. Presented paper contribut ed to the regional studies of the Indian Ocean.
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Chen, Lei, Fengkai Zhang, Yuxiao Ren, Xinji Xu, Zhichao Yang e Ming Li. "Tunnel Prospecting Based on Integrated Interpretation of Geophysical Data: Xiangyun Tunnel, Yunnan Province, China". Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 24, n.º 1 (março de 2019): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg24.1.63.
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With China's expanding economy, many tunnels are being designed and constructed. However, tunneling in hazardous geologic terrain, with faults, fractures, water-bearing openings, and other adverse geological conditions, construction safety is seriously endangered. To ensure the safety of tunnel construction, a tunnel geological prospecting method was proposed and applied at the Xiangyun Tunnel in Yunnan Province, China. In the investigation stage, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions were analyzed to recognize high-risk sections. In the construction stage, the “tunnel ahead” prospecting scheme was optimized based on the macroscopic geological conditions. Geological mapping of the tunnel, seismic ahead prospecting and transient electromagnetic soundings were employed as well as resistivity models to image potential adverse conditions. Horizontal drilling and tunnel excavation records verified the geophysical predictions and interpretations.
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Currier, L. W. "GEOLOGY IN SHORELINE ENGINEERING AND ITS APPLICATION TO MASSACHUSETTS BEACH PROBLEMS". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n.º 3 (1 de janeiro de 2000): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v3.9.
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At the outset I wish to make it clear that I am presenting this subject as a geologist, and not as a coastal engineer. I stand only on the fringe of that area of engineering science, and it would be presumptuous of me to discuss techniques of shoreline engineering. On the other hand, analysis of geologic processes that have molded and are now molding the shoreline furnishes basic terrane data of importance in the solution of coastal problems. As a geologist, then, perhaps I may properly point out the pertinency of geology to these problems, and indicate the kinds of appropriate data that are within the province of the geologist to explore and interpret. More or less an observer on the sidelines, I have for some time been impressed by the intricacies of the problems involved in coastal engineering projects. Such engineering is, of course, highly scientific and technological. But it seems to me that it is also somewhat of an art, for it is strongly tempered by experience, and the success of a calculated solution to a problem is often anxiously awaited by the engineer when the project is completed. There seems to be less of the sliderule certainty that characterizes the planning and design of a bridge. Will the sea-wall, the jetty, or the offshore breakwater, for examples, accomplish the intended results? Sometimes they do not because of some unrealized factors. Such factors are often obscure geologic conditions - unrecognized because the geologic regimens along shores seem to be very delicately balanced with respect to several factors, and to be sensitive to even slight interferences, despite the massiveness of the natural forces that are at work. The geologic history of the coast, translated to the present, together with minutiae of existing geologic features may demonstrate such obscure factors. It behooves the engineer, therefore, to seek the offices of geologic sciences. Perhaps at this point I may be pardoned to related digression if - to employ the vernacular - I "get something off my chest".
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Kostenko, M. M. "GEOLOGICAL ADDITIONAL RESEARCH OF PREVIOUSLY INVESTIGATED AREAS AND CREATION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL MAP (1:200 000) – IMPORTANT STAGE OF GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF UKRAINE TERRITORY (ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS)". Мінеральні ресурси України, n.º 3 (27 de setembro de 2018): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2018.3.3-12.
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The article deals with the current state and problems of the main work directions in regional geological research of the Ukraine territory – the geological additional research of previously studied areas and creation of the State Geologiсal Map of 1:200 000 scale. The analysis of the new generation of State Geological Maps certifies that, compared to the first generation maps (1958–1974), they differ much informatively and scientifically substantiated and are the basic geological basis for planning and conducting of almost all types of geological exploration, geoengineering, geo-ecological, hydrogeological and mining works. The emphasis is placed on the fundamental foundations of scientific and methodological support of continuously developing and updating works including stratigraphic, tectonic, geophysical, petrological, petrographic, laboratory-analytical and geoinformation bases. It is shown that due to the miserable financing of works from the State budget, the current state of regional geological researches in Ukraine is critical.
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Subarsyah, Subarsyah, Lukman Arifin e Dida Kusnida. "INTERPRETASI STRUKTUR BAWAH PERMUKAAN BERDASARKAN ATRIBUT ANOMALI MAGNETIK PERAIRAN WETAR, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR". JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 12, n.º 1 (16 de fevereiro de 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.12.1.2014.242.
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Struktur geologi yang berkembang di Perairan Wetar berupa Proto-Thrust-Zone, Frontal-Thrust dan Sesar Mendatar. Kelurusan anomali magnetik dikontrol oleh kontras suseptibilitas magnetik dari fenomena geologi. Interpretasi fenomena geologi berdasarkan anomali magnetik memperlihatkan Sesar Naik Wetar yang cukup jelas di bagian selatan, dan berpindah tidak menerus ke bagian timur daerah penelitian akibat Sesar Mendatar. Fenomena geologi lainnya berdasarkan metode horisontal derivatif orde 1 dan analisis sinyal terlihat jelas batas keberadaan tubuh batuan vulkanik. yang teridentifikasi dalam penampang seismik lintasan 5 dan 9. Metode ini cukup baik dalam memetakan struktur bawah permukaan. Di perairan Wetar sebagian anomali magnet tidak bisa diinterpretasikan jika dikorelasikan dengan penampang seismik. Hal ini terkait dengan hipotesis keberadaan paleomagnetik dan kerak Banda bagian selatan yang merupakan lempeng samudera yang terperangkap.
Kata Kunci : magnet, horisontal derivatif, anomali, perairan Wetar
Geological structures that develop in the Wetar waters are Proto Thrus Zone, Frontal Thrust Zone and Strike Slip Fault. Magnetic lineament controlled by sussceptibility contrast of geological phenomena. Interpretation of geological phenomena based on magnetic anomaly clearly show the strike-slip fault trending in the south, and move discontinuously eastward of the study area due to Strike-Slip Fault. Other geological phenomena clearly identified by horizontal derivative and signal analysis method such as the boundary of volcanic body as seen on seismic section line 5 and 9. These method quite usefull to map subsurface structure. Some part of the magnetic anomaly in the Wetar Waters cannot be interpreted since they are correlated with seismic section. It may be due to the hypothesis of the present of paleomagnetic southern Banda basin assumed as the trapped oceanic crust.
Keywords: magnetic, derivative horizontal, anomaly, Wetar waters
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Sarjeant, William. "Alice Wilson, First Woman Geologist With The Geological Survey of Canada". Earth Sciences History 12, n.º 2 (1 de janeiro de 1993): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.2.m712pvg107v21804.
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Alice Evelyn Wilson (1881-1964) was the first woman to be employed in a professional capacity by the Geological Survey of Canada. Though from an academically gifted family, prolonged ill-health during youth hampered her studies; yet it brought also the interest in geology that was to determine her career. Her researches into the invertebrate palaeontology and stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic strata of eastern Canada were distinguished. Unfortunately, in a male-dominated environment, their value was slow in gaining recognition and Alice's promotions came tardily; nor did she ever gain the professional status that was her due. Only very belatedly, with post-retirement publicity and the naming after her of Alice Wilson Hall in the Geological Survey of Canada's Ottawa headquarters, was the importance of her work to be properly recognized.
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Kalenskyi, Andrii A., e Viktor V. Melnyk. "КРИТЕРІЇ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ПІДГОТОВЛЕНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ГЕОЛОГІВ ДО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГЕОІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ". Information Technologies and Learning Tools 67, n.º 5 (30 de outubro de 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v67i5.2232.
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The article substantiates the criteria for assessing the preparedness of future geologists from college graduates - to use geoinformation systems (hereinafter - GIS) and technologies (hereinafter - GIT) in their future professional activities and defines the indicators of these criteria. We have proved that when purposeful implementation of the system of pedagogical conditions regarding their preparation for the use of GIS there are significant potential opportunities for geologists to form geo-informational competence in them as an integral part of their information competence as a professional subject. Proving the readiness to use GIS, taking into account the structure and content of geo-informational competence, we have taken into account the theoretical and practical aspects of their preparation. The process of mastering the complex of intellectual, activity and subjective capabilities and the formation of the main types of readiness (professional, personal, psychological) for the application of GIS in the process of realizing their competences for a specific post is described. These are the following criteria: value-motivational, professional-cognitive, technological, individual-psychological and subjective. We have proved that such a system of criteria makes it possible to comprehensively diagnose the preparedness of future geologists for the professional use of GIS in their professional activities. In particular, these criteria give an opportunity to find out their positive attitude to the chosen specialty - the geologist and to the application of GIS and GIT in the process of professional activity as a subject of geological existence; formation and development of internal motivation to master this specialty and its modern information technologies, including directly geological; the formation and development of a system of special professional knowledge, skills and abilities in many branches of science, which forms the basis of the theoretical ability of a geologist to work on modern GIS; formation and development of special practical abilities of GIT as a subject of specific - geological - being; formation of professionally important qualities and professional, informational and geoinformational - thinking of a geologist, necessary for work on modern GIS; formation the subject of geoinformation activity in the field of geology. We discovered that due to the fact that the geologist at the same time is a geological subject (in the direction of preparation), such geoinformation activities (as an expert in the field of geology) of activities, he must have formed professionally important qualities that contribute to the successful implementation of official competencies in the information society as a geological worker.
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Arifin, Lukman, e Tommy Naibaho. "STRUKTUR GEOLOGI DI PERAIRAN PULAU BUTON SELATAN". JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 13, n.º 3 (16 de fevereiro de 2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.13.3.2015.269.
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Penelitian geofisika dengan metode seismik pantul dangkal dilakukan di perairan Pulau Buton bagian selatan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi geologi di bawah permukaan dasar laut. Dari data rekaman seismik diinterpretasikan bahwa stratigrafi seismik dibagi menjadi dua runtunan yaitu runtunan A dan B. Bila disebandingkan dengan geologi daratnya maka runtunan A termasuk dalam Formasi Wapulaka yang berumur Tersier dan runtunan B termasuk Formasi Sampolakosa yang berumur Kuater. Data rekaman tersebut juga menunjukkan adanya beberapa struktur geologi seperti sesar, lipatan, dan pengangkatan. Diduga struktur geologi tersebut berkembang dengan masih aktifnya proses tektonik hingga sekarang. Implikasi aktifnya tektonik ini dapat memperkaya dan meningkatkan potensi sumberdaya alam yang ada seperti migas dan aspal. Kata kunci seismik pantul dangkal, struktur geologi, tektonik, Perairan Pulau Buton. Geophysical research with shallow reflection seismic method carried out in the waters of the southern part of Buton Island. The aim of research is to determine the geological conditions under the sea floor. Data from seismic recordings interpreted that seismic stratigraphy is divided into two sequences, that are sequence A and B. Ifthe land geology to be compared then the sequence A is Wapulaka Formation which is Tertiary age and sequence B is Sampolakosa Formation which is Kuarter age. The recording data also indicated a number of geological structures such as faults, folds, and uplift. It was alleged that the geological structure is developing with tectonic processes are still active until now. The implications of the active tectonic can enrich and enhance the existing natural resources such as oil and gas, and bitumen. Keywords: shallow seismicreflection, geology structure, tectonic, Buton Island Waters.
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LIVENTSEVA, Hanna, e Pavlo GRYSHCHUK. "CONTRIBUTION OF THE NADRA GROUP TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION". Ukrainian Geologist, n.º 1-2(44-45) (30 de junho de 2021): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53087/ug.2021.1-2(44-45).238973.
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The contribution of the NADRA Group to the development of geological education in Ukraine is featured. The main areas of its activity are highlighted, including the support of the Geological Faculty (ERI «Institute of Geology») at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (KNU), advanced training of industry employees, geological education of schoolchildren, publication of specialized books and the professional magazine «Geologist of Ukraine» in particular. At the Geological Faculty of KNU four classrooms were renovated and equipped with computers, the auditorium named after Prof. Olgierd L. Einor was established, the premises of the Geological Museum were reorganized and renovated, etc. The valuable charitable assistance was provided during student geological field courses, namely the fuel, student accommodation, meals, field equipment, and the like. Many youth quizzes, olympiads, excursions, quests, festivals, conferences were carried out at the expense of NADRA Group. With its assistance, the clubs of paleontology, geology and geological local history were organized for students. NADRA Group has initiated the writing and publishing the book «Essays on the history of geological research at Kiev University» (1999). Since its first issue in 2003, the «Geologist of Ukraine» magazine has been published thanks to the information and financial support of NADRA Group. In 2008 it was published materials for the centenary of Prof. Einor. The «Treatises of the Tutkovsky Institute» were published during 2009 – 2011 at the expense of the company. The book by Rostislav Furduy «Brother of the Sun and Wind» (2011) was addressed to young geologists in Ukraine and published on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the company. In the same period, the work on the project «Depths of the Earth, the spiritual depths» was started, the essence of which was to encourage schoolchildren to study geology and related disciplines. The important components of geological education as advanced training, courses on the modern technologies, lectures by leading domestic and foreign experts, conferences, seminars, and trainings are very relevant. In general, the activities of NADRA Group are aimed at introducing leading decisions into the practice, developing educational institutions, and disseminating knowledge among the geological community. Over its thirty-year history, the NADRA GROUP has made a great contribution to the development of the geological industry in Ukraine and abroad.
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Secord, James A. "The discovery of a vocation: Darwin's early geology". British Journal for the History of Science 24, n.º 2 (junho de 1991): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400027059.
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When HMSBeaglemade its first landfall in January 1832, the twenty-two-year-old Charles Darwin set about taking detailed notes on geology. He was soon planning a volume on the geological structure of the places visited, and letters to his sisters confirm that he identified himself as a ‘geologist’. For a young gentleman of his class and income, this was a remarkable thing to do. Darwin's conversion to evolution by selection has been examined so intensively that it is easy to forget that the most extraordinary decision he ever made was to devote his life to the study of the natural world by becoming a geologist. It is only slightly less astonishing that he should have decided to align his work with Charles Lyell's controversial programme of geological reform, which had almost no followers in England.
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Nadal-Romero, E., e E. Cammeraat. "Geo-ecology in the Anthropocene". Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, n.º 1 (18 de junho de 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3876.
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Human activities have left signatures on the Earth for millennials, and these impacts are growing in the last decades. As a consequence, recent global change suggests that Earth may have entered a new human-dominated geological epoch. In the last years, much scientific debate has focused on the definition, stratigraphic signatures and timing of the Anthropocene. However, there is no a geological evidence, because these changes must be recorded in geologic stratigraphic material. Consequently, the definition of Anthropocene is controversial and the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) has not provided a formal and official definition.Regardless of whether one is concerned with the proposed new Anthropogenic geologic epoch, it is evident that humans have significantly altered vegetation patterns and land cover (i.e. agriculture and subsequent land abandonment, conversion of forest to grasslands for pastoral use), water dynamics and distribution of fresh water (i.e. construction of dams), biogeochemical cycles (such as the carbon cycle), soil formation and soil erosion processes. Likewise, human have created and modified new landscapes (defined as anthropogenic landscapes).This special issue includes 11 contributions concerning studies about the definition and timing of the Anthropocene as a new geological era, and showing some of the most important human impacts on the Earth.
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Kalkan, Erol, Chris J. Wills e David M. Branum. "Seismic Hazard Mapping of California considering Site Effects". Earthquake Spectra 26, n.º 4 (novembro de 2010): 1039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3478312.
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In this paper, we have combined the U.S. Geological Survey's National Seismic Hazard Maps model with the California geologic map showing 17 generalized geologic units that can be defined by their VS30. We regrouped these units into seven VS30 values and calculated a probabilistic seismic hazard map for the entire state for each VS30 value. By merging seismic hazard maps based on the seven different VS30 values, a suite of seismic hazard maps was computed for 0.2 and 1.0 s spectral ordinates at 2% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 years. The improved hazards maps explicitly incorporate the site effects and their spatial variability on ground motion estimates. The spectral acceleration (SA) at 1.0 s map of seismic shaking potential for California has now been published as California Geological Survey Map Sheet 48.