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1
Kost, Gerald J. Global point of care: Strategies for disasters, emergencies, and public health resilience. Editado por American Association for Clinical Chemistry. Washington, DC: AACC Press, 2015.
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E, Gibbons Deborah, e Jones L. R, eds. Communication crises: Prevention, response, and recovery in the global arena. Charlotte, NC: IAP, Information Age Pub. Inc., 2007.
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A, Relman David, Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Forum on Microbial Threats. e National Academies Press (U.S.), eds. Global climate change and extreme weather events: Understanding the contributions to infectious disease emergence : workshop summary. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.
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A, Relman David, Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Forum on Microbial Threats. e National Academies Press (U.S.), eds. Global climate change and extreme weather events: Understanding the contributions to infectious disease emergence : workshop summary. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.
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Brazeau, Stéphanie, e Nicholas H. Ogden, eds. Earth observation, public health and one health: activities, challenges and opportunities. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621183.0000.
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Abstract This book contains 4 chapters that discuss in the context of both the One Health concept and the SDG initiative, remote sensing can provide solutions to the priority of assessing and monitoring public health risks, and it can play an important role in supporting decision making to reduce health risks within our shared ecosystems. The growing awareness of complex but causal interactions among these realms has motivated professionals in a wide range of sectors to adopt the One Health approach, which promotes intersectoral collaboration to address health issues at the human-animal-environment interface. In its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the United Nations specifically identifies "strengthening the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks" as part of their Good Health and Well-being Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). As examples presented in this book reveal, the risk of infectious disease emergence increases with a wide range of conditions and variables, including those associated with humans, animals, climate, and the environment. This book examines several priority themes to which EO and geomatics can make important contributions: mosquito-borne and tick-borne diseases; water-borne diseases; air quality and extreme heat effects; geospatial indicators of vulnerable human populations.
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Fronek, Patricia, e Karen Smith Rotabi-Casares. Social Work in Health Emergencies: Global Perspectives. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Fronek, Patricia, e Karen Smith Rotabi-Casares. Social Work in Health Emergencies: Global Perspectives. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Social Work in Health Emergencies: Global Perspectives. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Congress, United Stat, Committee on Foreign Affairs e United States House of Representatives. Global Health Emergencies Hit Home: The Swine Flu Outbreak. Independently Published, 2019.
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Wenham, Clare. Feminist Global Health Security. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197556931.001.0001.
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Feminist Global Health Security highlights the ways in which women are disadvantaged by global health security policy, through engagement with feminist concepts of visibility; social and stratified reproduction; intersectionality; and structural violence. The book argues that an approach focused on short-term response efforts to health emergencies fails to consider the differential impacts of outbreaks on women. This feminist critique focuses on the policy response to the Zika outbreak, which centred on limiting the spread of the vector through civic participation and asking women to defer pregnancy, actions that are inherently gendered and reveal a distinct lack of consideration of the everyday lives of women. The book argues that because global health security lacks a substantive feminist engagement, policies created to manage an outbreak of disease focus on protecting economies and state security and disproportionately fail to protect women. This state-based structure of global health security provides the fault-line for global health security and women. Women are both differentially infected and affected by epidemics and, the book argues: it was no coincidence that poor, black women living in low quality housing were most affected by the Zika outbreak. More broadly, it poses the question: What would global health policy look like if it were to take gender seriously, and how would this impact global disease control sustainability?
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Hunger, Iris. Coping with Public Health Emergencies of International Concern. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828945.003.0004.
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This chapter looks at the part of international order relating to surveillance and response to public health emergencies of international concern, which in turn forms part of the broader partial international order on global health. The main actor on international health emergencies control is the World Health Organization (WHO), with the International Health Regulations (IHR) being the applicable legally binding document. Based on much older sanitary agreements, the IHR came into being in 1969. Looking in detail at the response to the major international health emergencies following the complete overhaul of the IHR in 2005—pandemic influenza declared in 2009, polio 2014, Ebola 2014, and Zika 2016—this chapter argues that the WHO has become considerably more effective over the last two decades in countering international health emergencies, and that the international order on health emergencies response is remarkably robust, having so far not shown signs of disintegration or decline.
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Tooze, Adam. Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy. Penguin Books, Limited, 2021.
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Global health emergencies hit home: The "swine flu" outbreak : hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, May 6, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.
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(Editor), A. Zichichi, e R. Ragaini (Editor), eds. International Seminar on Nuclear and Planetary Emergencies 36th Session: "E. Majorana" Centre for Scienctific Culture, Erice, Italy, 19-24 Aug 2006 (The ... Nuclear Strategy and Peace Techonology). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007.
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USAID's long-term strategy for addressing East African emergencies: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, September 8, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.
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Thornicroft, Graham, e Vikram Patel, eds. Global Mental Health Trials. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199680467.001.0001.
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Global mental health is a dynamic field of global health; a core aspect of the story which has led to its emergence has been the conduct of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating innovative delivery systems of packages of care for mental disorders in low-resource settings. Global Mental Health Trials brings together many of the world's leading researchers active in the fields of RCTs in low- and medium-resource countries and settings related to improving mental health care. It presents clear and practical information about how to conduct such trials in these settings, along with critical methodological and ethical issues related to such trials, learning from the positive and negative experiences of expert scientists in many countries worldwide who have completed such trials. This online resource serves as a valuable resource for practitioners in mental health, including psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses nursing, psychologists, social workers, and occupational therapists, as well as researchers in the areas of psycho-social treatments in mental health, mental health services research, and programme and systems evaluation.
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Infectious diseases: Emergence and re-emergence : a geographical analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
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Implementation, Committee for the Evaluation of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise. National Academies Press, 2007.
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Youth, and Families Board on Children, Institute of Medicine, Board on Global Health, Committee for the Evaluation of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Implementation e Michele Orza. PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise. National Academies Press, 2007.
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Jefee-Bahloul, Hussam, Andres Barkil-Oteo e Eugene F. Augusterfer, eds. Telemental Health in Resource-Limited Global Settings. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190622725.001.0001.
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This book covers the implementation of telemental health (TMH) in resource-limited global settings. This book focuses on the current state of the technology, the different modalities, and the emergence of mobile-health. The global applicability, especially in resource-limited settings, is a new frontier for implementation sciences, and one that is proposed to reduce the mental health gap. The book reviews the global application of TMH internationally with examples from each continent. Case studies of TMH implementation from India, Taiwan, Africa, the Middle East, and more are layed out in this book. In addition, the book discusses provision of such care to underserved resource-limited populations globally, such as refugees in Denmark, Native Americans in the United States, and Aboriginal populations in Australia. This book promises a collective review of global TMH and hopes to provide anchorage for scholars and researches interested in this developing field.
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McInnes, Colin, Kelley Lee e Jeremy Youde, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456818.001.0001.
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Global health politics has emerged over the last two decades as a distinct, interdisciplinary field of study which, although its boundaries are not set, is beginning to demonstrate signs of maturity. It is concerned with the actions, practices, and policies that govern the sphere of global health. Its emergence is intimately linked with the reconceptualisation of health as global. The field addresses not only the processes of decision-making, but also the structures of power that shape what is possible and the requirement for collective action to address global problems. Politics is unavoidable, necessary, and integral to effectively addressing global health challenges. The study of global health politics therefore is not about how to minimise interference in rational decision-making, but rather about explaining and improving the quality of political institutions and processes that will, in turn, improve global health action and, ultimately, outcomes. Fundamental to this is an understanding of the nature of politics and the workings of power. But the field also requires knowledge and techniques from a variety of disciplines, which intersect to produce a more complete understanding than any one discipline can provide. The result is inherently both multi- and interdisciplinary, characterised by methodological pluralism and varied theoretical perspectives.
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Youde, Jeremy. The English School and the Emergence of International Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813057.003.0002.
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English School theorizing is particularly relevant for understanding why and under what circumstances actors choose to contribute to coordinated international actions. English School theory has both a rich history and a nuanced understanding of the international environment that allows it to comprehend the emergence of complex systems like global health governance as an institution within international society. This chapter describes the foundations of the English School and highlights its usefulness for understanding the expansion and resilience of global health governance. At the same time, this chapter expands upon the English School, pushing it to address the role of non-state actors within international society and incorporate political economy into its theorizing. While this institution has emerged, it does not always operate in an optimal fashion, nor does it obviate the fact that states may sometimes act in selfish ways.
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Mukherjee, Joia S. Reversing the Tide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662455.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the emergence of the AIDS pandemic. It covers the emergence of symptoms associated with HIV, the discovery of the virus, and the understanding of its transmission. It emphasizes the importance of AIDS activists in acceleration of the development of drugs that changed the disease from a terminal to chronic disease. AIDS activists throughout the world then worked together to fight for equitable distribution of AIDS treatment. The movement drew an explicit connection between the AIDS pandemic and the right to health and succeeded in garnering novel funding for global health delivery. AIDS changed many things in global health, from patient-led activism to drug discovery to the long-term provision of care. In this book, the global health era is defined as the period after 2000, when AIDS activism helped shift the health paradigm in impoverished countries from prevention only to the delivery of health care.
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Shutdown: How the Coronavirus Made a Financial Revolution. Penguin Books, Limited, 2021.
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Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy. Penguin Books, Limited, 2021.
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Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy. New York, USA: Viking, 2021.
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Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy. Penguin Books, Limited, 2023.
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LeMay, Michael C. Global Pandemic Threats. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400657627.
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This book offers an accessible reference on epidemic and pandemic diseases that provides background information and history, explains why pandemics are a newly emerging threat, identifies the difficulties in coping with them, and provides hope in the form of modern medicine. Global Pandemic Threats: A Reference Handbook provides all-encompassing coverage that introduces key concepts and traces the history of pandemics, enabling readers to grasp the complexity of the global problem and the difficulties of executing effective solutions. Written in an easy-to-understand manner, it provides a “go-to” resource that systematically addresses dozens of diseases of the past as well as re-emergent or newly emerging pathogens that have the potential of becoming pandemics. The book’s extensive coverage of past pandemics includes bubonic plague, cholera, influenza, measles, smallpox, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and yellow fever, and the re-emergence of malaria, measles, pertussis (whooping cough), poliomyelitis, and other contagious diseases. It discusses a broad range of newly emerging viral threats, such as AIDS/HIV, avian flu, anthrax, botulism, Ebola, E. coli, Gulf War syndrome, hanta virus, Lassa virus, Lyme disease, Marburg virus, MERS, MRSA, Ricin, Sin Nombre virus (SNV), and West Nile virus. The work offers perspectives from individuals interested and involved in the fight, including medical professionals and health care workers; profiles of key organizations and persons; a helpful timeline of past and present pandemic outbreaks; and a glossary of key terms and concepts.
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Prah Ruger, Jennifer. Emerging Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694631.003.0010.
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With a growing presence on the world stage, the BRICS nations—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—are expanding their influence and impact worldwide. These countries can address global health issues as they build their own health systems. They are growing in significance, separately as nations and collectively as a center of gravity. They are assuming multiplying roles in global health, including funding, knowledge generation and dissemination, technical assistance and policy advice, empowerment and agency enhancement, advocacy, surveillance and outbreak response, and health system development. Their emerging economies and health systems link them closely to the developing world’s concerns, while their growing economic and political influence draws them into the company of industrialized countries and gives them a more powerful voice in global affairs. Their emergence as global health actors may call more attention to developing countries’ perspectives and needs.
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Levins, Richard, e Mary E. Wilson. Disease in Evolution: Global Changes and Emergence of Infectious Diseases (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences). New York Academy of Sciences, 1994.
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Palmer, Stephen. The global challenge of zoonoses control. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0001.
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Zoonotic diseases are now recognized as a major global threat to human health and sustainable development and a major concern for national and international agencies (Marano et al. 2006). There was a period in the 1960s and 70s when it was widely expected that the antibiotic and vaccine era would relegate infectious diseases to footnotes of history, and in many countries communicable control systems were neglected (Keusch et al. 2009) but the frequent and often dramatic appearance of new infectious agents or the reappearance of well recognized zoonoses has changed perceptions. ‘A wide variety of animal species, domesticated, peri-domesticated and wild, can act as reservoirs for these pathogens, which may be viruses, bacteria, parasites or prions. Considering the wide variety of animal species involved and the often complex natural history of the pathogens concerned, effective surveillance, prevention and control of zoonotic diseases pose a real challenge to public health’ (WHO 2004). No country has been able to anticipate the sudden and sometimes devastating impact of novel agents, and international trade and transport of people, animals and goods have ensured that wherever zoonoses emerge they have to be considered as global issues. The cost of zoonoses can be enormous. The H1N1v pandemic which began in pig herds on the Mexico-US border resulted in major losses to the pork industry amounting to US$25 million per week; fear that transmission could occur from meat led to the banning of importation of pigs and pork products by at least 15 countries (Keusch et al. 2009). And in addition to these ‘natural’ threats, several zoonoses are prime agents for deliberate release by disaffected groups. A more esoteric threat, though nonetheless a real cause of concern, is the possibility of zoonotic emergence from xenotransplantation (Mattiuzzo et al. 2008).
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Levins, Richard, Mary E. Wilson e Spielman A. Disease in Evolution: Global Changes and Emergence of Infectious Diseases (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, V. 740). New York Academy of Sciences, 1995.
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Youde, Jeremy. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813057.003.0009.
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The conclusion ties together the various arguments made throughout the book to reinforce the overarching theoretical and narrative themes. First, it emphasizes how global health governance has emerged over the past generation to take its place as a secondary institution within international society. Second, it acknowledges the value in drawing on the English School of international relations theory for understanding the emergence, growth, and resilience of this institution. Third, it pushes English School theory to better incorporate international political economy and non-state actors into its theoretical framework. Finally, it uses these insights to forecast future directions in global health governance.
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Rothe, Eugenio M., e Andres J. Pumariega. Immigration, Cultural Identity, and Mental Health. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661700.001.0001.
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Immigration, Cultural Identity, and Mental Health is a unique book because it explains culture and identity from a developmental perspective, exploring the psychological, social, and biological aspects of the immigrant and refugee experience in the United States and how they help to shape the person’s cultural identity. It also covers the sociological, anthropological, political, and economic aspects of the immigrant experience and how these variables impact mental health, thus presenting the experience of migration and acculturation from a very broad and humanistic perspective, illustrated with multiple real-life case examples. The book explains how a broader access to travel and new communication technologies are responsible for the rapid global dissemination of cultural norms, values, and beliefs across national borders, facilitating a process of inter-culturation, in which both the new arrivals and members of the host culture are influenced and transformed by their interactions with one another and how American children, adolescents and young adults are at the forefront of such new multicultural identity formation. It describes the emergence of transnational identities, the meaning of pilgrimages, the experiences of return migrations and the importance of the American narrative, which is at its core, an immigrant narrative. This is a book about the American identity and how immigrants have been absorbed into American society and how they continue to enlarge and transform America and the cultural identities of its inhabitants.
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Warnock, David W. Introduction to medical mycology. Editado por Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum e Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0001.
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The pattern of fungal diseases has changed with the emergence of new pathogens and the resurgence of old ones. Many factors have contributed to this, including medical progress, environmental changes, and the development of drug resistance. The impact of these diseases on human health is not widely recognized, largely because of the many gaps in epidemiological surveillance data. Access to affordable diagnostics and antifungal drugs are critical issues in the developing world. New approaches to prevention and control will be needed if we are to reduce the substantial global burden of ill health and death due to fungal diseases.
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Smith, Raymond A., e Patricia D. Siplon. Drugs into Bodies. Praeger, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400642623.
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Drugs into Bodiesrecounts the emergence and development of a globally oriented AIDS treatment activist movement that refused to accept that more than 40 million people with HIV in the developing world should simply be left to die. Rooted in earlier AIDS activist efforts, this new movement has forged a global network dedicated to providing universal access to life-saving medications. More than 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS worldwide, yet only a small fraction have access to life-saving treatments. For many years, governments, pharmaceutical companies, and even some international relief agencies have called this a tragic but unavoidable situation, given the high cost of the medications used to fight HIV. A small but growing group of activists, however, have banded together to prove that the obstacles to universal HIV treatments are mostly human-made, and thus can be overcome by human actions. Drugs into Bodieschronicles the birth and expansion of the global AIDS treatment activist movement, focusing in particular on the U.S.-based organization Health GAP. Drawing on the legacy of the protest group ACT UP and other earlier AIDS activism, Health GAP and like-minded allies have forged a global network to combat the AIDS crisis in Africa and throughout the developing world. From the White House to the United Nations, from plush corporate offices to South African shantytowns, AIDS treatment activists have defied the dictates of globalization, altered government policies, shamed multinational corporations, secured funding for treatment, and brought hope to millions of people with HIV.
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Stewart, Alex G., Sam Ghebrehewet e Peter MacPherson. New and emerging infectious diseases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0026.
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This chapter describes the increasing global problem of new and emerging infections, many zoonotic, ranging from the recently described Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) to bacteria now resistant to all locally available antimicrobial agents. The environmental, human, technological, and microbial factors contributing to disease emergence are assessed. Changes in environment and land use result in the spread of vector-borne diseases into new areas, and global travel and trade may introduce pathogens to non-immune populations. The breakdown of health services following political change or during conflict can result in the resurgence of previously controlled communicable diseases. The importance of collaboration between human and veterinary health services is emphasized, and the UK ‘DATER’ strategy (Detection, Assessment, Treatment, Escalation, Recovery) for dealing with pandemic influenza is applied to new and emerging infections. Finally, the role of internet-based, syndromic surveillance to create early awareness of new infections is considered.
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The State of Democracy in Asia and the Pacific 2021: Old Resilience, New Challenges. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.95.
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The Covid-19 pandemic initially broke out in the Asia and the Pacific region in late 2019, with the first cases in Wuhan, China. The pandemic has served as a magnifier of pre-existing democratic strengths and weaknesses within governing systems around Asia and the Pacific. In the majority of cases, the region’s hybrid and authoritarian regimes tightened their grip on society in response to the pandemic. Quality of democracy continued to decline in number of region’s democracies. Despite these challenges, in its response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Asia and the Pacific region has demonstrated impressive democratic resilience and innovation. In contrast to other regions, several countries already had legal and institutional frameworks in place tailored to dealing with global health emergencies and were able to activate these rapidly. Importantly, experiences by several Asian countries have highlighted the fact that such a crisis can be contained while respecting legal constraints and coordinating across an array of elected and unelected institutions. All democracies needed to balance between individual and collective rights. This Report provides lessons and recommendations that governments, political and civic actors, and international democracy assistance providers should consider in order to counter the concerning trends in the erosion of democracy, and to foster its resilience and deepening.
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Maull, Hanns W., ed. The Rise and Decline of the Post-Cold War International Order. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828945.001.0001.
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This books surveys the evolution of the international order in the quarter century since the end of the Cold War through the prism of developments in key regional and functional parts of this “liberal international order 2.0” (LIO 2.0) and the roles played by two key ordering powers, the United States and the People’s Republic of China. Among the partial orders analyzed in the individual chapters are the regions of Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia and the international regimes dealing with international trade, climate change, nuclear weapons, cyberspace, and international public health emergencies, such as SARS and Zika. To assess developments in these various segments of the LIO 2.0, and to relate them to developments in the two other crucial levels of political order, order within nation-states and at the global level, the volume develops a comprehensive, integrated framework of analysis that allows systematic comparison of developments across boundaries between segments and different levels of the international order. Using this framework, the book presents a holistic assessment of the trajectory of the international order over the last decades, the rise, decline, and demise of the LIO 2.0, and causes of the dangerous erosion of international order over the last decade.
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Lynteris, Christos. Visual Plague. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14413.001.0001.
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How epidemic photography during a global pandemic of bubonic plague contributed to the development of modern epidemiology and our concept of the “pandemic.” In Visual Plague, Christos Lynteris examines the emergence of epidemic photography during the third plague pandemic (1894–1959), a global pandemic of bubonic plague that led to over twelve million deaths. Unlike medical photography, epidemic photography was not exclusively, or even primarily, concerned with exposing the patient's body or medical examinations and operations. Instead, it played a key role in reconceptualizing infectious diseases by visualizing the “pandemic” as a new concept and structure of experience—one that frames and responds to the smallest local outbreak of an infectious disease as an event of global importance and consequence. As the third plague pandemic struck more and more countries, the international circulation of plague photographs in the press generated an unprecedented spectacle of imminent global threat. Nothing contributed to this sense of global interconnectedness, anticipation, and fear more than photography. Exploring the impact of epidemic photography at the time of its emergence, Lynteris highlights its entanglement with colonial politics, epistemologies, and aesthetics, as well as with major shifts in epidemiological thinking and public health practice. He explores the characteristics, uses, and impact of epidemic photography and how it differs from the general corpus of medical photography. The new photography was used not simply to visualize or illustrate a pandemic, but to articulate, respond to, and unsettle key questions of epidemiology and epidemic control, as well as to foster the notion of the “pandemic,” which continues to affect our lives today.
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Treadgold, Alan, e Jonathan Reynolds. Navigating the New Retail Landscape. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868767.001.0001.
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The retail industry globally is in an era of profound, perhaps unprecedented, change, change which has been further accelerated for many by the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its attendant health and economic crises. This book is intended to serve as a wide-ranging, robust, practical guide to leaders of enterprises tasked with understanding and delivering success in the new landscape of retailing. Part 1 describes the major directions and drivers of change that define the new global landscape of retailing. Accelerating changes in technology, the rise to prominence globally of internet enabled shoppers and the rapid emergence of entirely new retail enterprises and business models are combining to re-shape the very fundamentals of the retail industry. The new landscape of retailing is unforgiving: success can be achieved more quickly than ever before but failure is equally rapid. Opportunities in the new landscape of retailing are profound, but so too are the challenges. Part 2 discusses the structures, skills and capabilities that retail enterprises will need to be successful in this new landscape and the skills and capabilities required of the leaders of retail enterprises. More than 25 detailed case studies of innovative, successful enterprises internationally and more than one hundred smaller examples, all updated and many new since the first edition, are used to illustrate the themes discussed. Frameworks are presented to provide practical guidance for enterprise leaders to understand and contextualize the nature of change re-shaping retail landscapes globally. Clear guidance is given of the capabilities, skills and perspectives needed at both an enterprise and personal leadership level to deliver success in the new landscape of retailing.
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Protocol for Enhanced Isolate-Level Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in the Americas. Primary Phase: Bloodstream Infections. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275122686.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance plays an important role in the early detection of resistant strains of public health importance and prompt response to outbreaks in hospitals and the community. Surveillance findings are needed to inform medical practice, antibiotic stewardship, and policy and interventions to combat AMR. Appropriate use of antimicrobials, informed by surveillance, improves patients’ treatment outcomes and reduces the emergence and spread of AMR. This protocol describes the steps and procedures to establish/enhance AMR surveillance in Latin America and the Caribbean. It provides technical guidance to integrate patient, laboratory, and epidemiological data to monitor AMR emergence, trends, and effects in the population. It also provides the necessary elements to move from aggregated data to isolate-level data surveillance starting with blood isolates. It facilitates uniform data collection processes, methods, and tools to ensure data comparability within the Region of the Americas. Finally, it builds on over a decade of experience of the regional AMR surveillance network—ReLAVRA by its Spanish acronym—and its procedures are aligned with the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) methodology, enabling countries to participate in the global GLASS AMR surveillance.
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Prichard, Alex. Anarchism: A Very Short Introduction. 2a ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198815617.001.0001.
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Abstract This short book provides a new point of departure for our understanding of anarchism. It questions standard understandings of anarchy and anarchism as an ideology of chaos and disorder, and sheds new light on anarchism as a lived set of prefigurative practices, with a rich historical legacy. The book explores anarchist approaches to public health provision, education, work, law and order, and world politics, including topics of war and violence, federalism, and climate change. By locating the emergence of anarchist ideas in a global history of colonialism and imperialism, it links anarchism into struggles for freedom across the world, and argues that anarchism still holds value for thinking about new models of freedom and democracy today.
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Youde, Jeremy. Primary Institutions, Secondary Institutions, and Moral Obligation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813057.003.0003.
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Institutions are foundational to the English School and to the very concept of international society, so it makes sense that scholars would pay attention to them. What’s curious, though, is how much ambiguity permeates the discussion of primary and secondary institutions within English School theorizing. There is a lack of agreement among authors about what constitutes a primary institution, and secondary institutions receive almost no attention because they are merely formal organizations with no independent power within international society. This chapter distinguishes between primary and secondary institutions, describes the emergence of moral obligation and responsibility as a primary institution, explains why secondary institutions are constitutive of international society, and makes the case for global health governance as a secondary institution.
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Rohani, Pejman, e Samuel Scarpino, eds. Pertussis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811879.001.0001.
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Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a respiratory disease caused primarily by infection with the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It remains one of the leading causes of death among vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide and recent years have seen its alarming re-emergence in many regions (including the United States and much of Europe), despite sustained high levels of vaccine coverage. The causes of the resurgence remain contentious, in part due to inherent complexities of the pathogen’s biology, in part due to pronounced variation in the treatment and prevention strategies between different countries and regions, and in part due to long-standing disagreement among scientific researchers studying pertussis. This edited volume brings together expert knowledge from disparate fields with the overall aim of synthesizing the current understanding of this critically important, global pathogen. Pertussis: Epidemiology, Immunology, and Evolution is an advanced text suitable for graduate-level students taking courses in evolutionary epidemiology, disease ecology, and evolutionary biology, as well as academics, public health officials, and researchers in these fields. It also offers a very useful introduction to a wider audience of public health practitioners, microbiologists, epidemiologists, medical professionals, and vaccine biologists
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Armstrong-Hough, Mari. Biomedicalization and the Practice of Culture. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646688.001.0001.
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Over the last twenty years, type 2 diabetes skyrocketed to the forefront of global public health concern. In this book, Mari Armstrong-Hough examines the rise in and response to the disease in two societies: the United States and Japan. Both societies have faced rising rates of diabetes, but their social and biomedical responses to its ascendance have diverged. To explain the emergence of these distinctive strategies, Armstrong-Hough argues that physicians act not only on increasingly globalized professional standards but also on local knowledge, explanatory models, and cultural toolkits. As a result, strategies for clinical management diverge sharply from one country to another. Armstrong-Hough demonstrates how distinctive practices endure in the midst of intensifying biomedicalization, both on the part of patients and on the part of physicians, and how these differences grow from broader cultural narratives about diabetes in each setting.
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Corrales Compagnucci, Marcelo, Michael Lowery Wilson, Mark Fenwick, Nikolaus Forgó e Till Bärnighausen, eds. AI in eHealth. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108921923.
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The emergence of digital platforms and the new application economy are transforming healthcare and creating new opportunities and risks for all stakeholders in the medical ecosystem. Many of these developments rely heavily on data and AI algorithms to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor diseases and other health conditions. A broad range of medical, ethical and legal knowledge is now required to navigate this highly complex and fast-changing space. This collection brings together scholars from medicine and law, but also ethics, management, philosophy, and computer science, to examine current and future technological, policy and regulatory issues. In particular, the book addresses the challenge of integrating data protection and privacy concerns into the design of emerging healthcare products and services. With a number of comparative case studies, the book offers a high-level, global, and interdisciplinary perspective on the normative and policy dilemmas raised by the proliferation of information technologies in a healthcare context.
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Al, Stefan, e Tom Verebes, eds. Urbanism Reader. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350377929.
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Positioning design at the center of the debate,The Urbanism Readerbrings together classic and contemporary readings to help designers understand the complexities of cities and urban design in the 21st century. The selection of readings presented here is uniquely tailored to a design perspective for architects and urban designers – balancing social issues in urbanism with a clear focus on foregrounding design as an instrument for change in cities, and examining the outcomes and challenges of recent design theories, design methods, and technologies in the built urban environment. Covering today’s most urgent issues, 45 texts explore key topics in urbanism – from digital design technologies to smart cities, from the ongoing ecological crisis to public health and the impact of Covid-19, and from emergence and informality to economic inequity in global cities. Chapters cover cultural issues including diversity, indigenous knowledge, decolonization, social justice, and inclusion alongside technological developments, while a final chapter speculates on the future of urbanism through readings in AI, virtual reality, and the frontiers of current thinking in architecture and urban design. The extracts are grouped by theme, each with an introduction to the historical contexts and guiding paradigms – helping design students, researchers, and professionals to make sense of the diverse field of theory and practice in the past, present, and future of global urbanism.
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Smil, Vaclav. Grand Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060664.001.0001.
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The modern world was created through the combination and complex interactions of five grand transitions. First, the demographic transition changed the total numbers, dynamics, structure, and residential pattern of populations. The agricultural and dietary transition led to the emergence of highly productive cropping and animal husbandry (subsidized by fossil energies and electricity), a change that eliminated famines, reduced malnutrition, and improved the health of populations but also resulted in enormous food waste and had many environmental consequences. The energy transition brought the world from traditional biomass fuels and human and animal labor to fossil fuel, ever more efficient electricity, lights, and motors, all of which transformed both agricultural and industrial production and enabled mass-scale mobility and instant communication. Economic transition has been marked by relatively high growth rates of total national and global product, by fundamental structural transformation (from farming to industries to services), and by an increasing share of humanity living in affluent societies, enjoying unprecedented quality of life. These transitions have made many intensifying demands on the environment, resulting in ecosystemic degradation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, and eventually change on the planetary level, with global warming being the most worrisome development. This book traces the genesis of these transitions, their interactions and complicated progress as well as their outcomes and impacts, explaining how the modern world was made—and then offers a forward-thinking examination of some key unfolding transitions and appraising their challenges and possible results.
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Davidson, Larry, Michael Rowe, Janis Tondora, Maria J. O'Connell e Martha Staeheli Lawless. A Practical Guide to Recovery-Oriented Practice. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195304770.001.0001.
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This book takes a lofty vision of "recovery" and of "a life in the community" for every adult with a serious mental illness promised by the U.S. President's 2003 New Freedom Commission on Mental Health and shows the reader what is entailed in making this vision a reality. Beginning with the historical context of the recovery movement and its recent emergence on the center stage of mental health policy around the world, the authors then clarify various definitions of mental health recovery and address the most common misconceptions of recovery held by skeptical practitioners and worried families. With this framework in place, the authors suggest fundamental principles for recovery-oriented care, a set of concrete practice guidelines developed in and for the field, a recovery guide model of practice as an alternative to clinical case management, and tools to self-assess the recovery orientation of practices and practitioners. In doing so, this volume represents the first book to go beyond the rhetoric of recovery to its implementation in everyday practice. Much of this work was developed with the State of Connecticut's Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, helping the state to win a #1 ranking in the recent NAMI report card on state mental health authorities. Since initial development of these principles, guidelines, and tools in Connecticut, the authors have become increasingly involved in refining and tailoring this approach for other systems of care around the globe as more and more governments, ministry leaders, system managers, practitioners, and people with serious mental illnesses and their families embrace the need to transform mental health services to promote recovery and community inclusion. If you've wondered what all of the recent to-do has been about with the notion of "recovery" in mental health, this book explains it. In addition, it gives you an insider's view of the challenges and strategies involved in transforming to recovery and a road map to follow on the first few steps down this exciting, promising, and perhaps long overdue path.