Bibliografias temáticas / Hamstring muscles

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Hamstring muscles"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 7 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Hamstring muscles"

Mirawati, Dita, e Asita Rohmah Mutnawasitoh. "EFFECT OF NEURODYNAMIC SLIDER ON INCREASING HAMSTRING MUSCLE FLEXIBILITY IN RANTAYA PUTRI ALUS DANCERS". Gaster 21, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2023): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30787/gaster.v21i1.1029.

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Flexibility is ability of a joint, muscles and ligaments around it to move freely and comfortably within the maximum expected range of motion. Flexibility is influenced by many factors such as anatomical condition, gender, body mass index, age, physical activity, injury, and training experience. The hamstring muscles are primarily fast-twitch and powerful movement types, so that the hamstrings are resistant to overloading but tire quickly on excessive repetitions. Excessive activity that involves contracting the hamstring muscles will cause the hamstring muscles to experience decreased flexibility. The purpose of this study was to prove the difference in the effect of giving neurodynamic slider and neurodynamic tension on increasing hamstring muscle flexibility. The method of research is experimental research with pre-test and post-test research design with control group design. The sample in this study was 32 dancers Rantaya Putri Alus at SMK N 8 Surakarta. where Group 1 given neurodynamic sliders and group 2 given nothing. Neurodynamic slider interventions were given 3 times/week for 4 weeks. Evaluation of hamstring muscle flexibility measurements using Active Knee Extension (AKE). The result in the treatment Group 1 is p = 0.000 (p <0.05) with a mean difference of 25.56 ± 7.36 with an increase in the AKE value 18.16%. Its concluded that the intervention of neurodynamic sliders can increase hamstring muscle flexibility.

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Lempainen, Lasse, Jussi Kosola, Ricard Pruna, Jordi Puigdellivol, Janne Sarimo, Pekka Niemi e Sakari Orava. "Central Tendon Injuries of Hamstring Muscles: Case Series of Operative Treatment". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2018): 232596711875599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118755992.

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Background: As compared with injuries involving muscle only, those involving the central hamstring tendon have a worse prognosis. Limited information is available regarding the surgical treatment of central tendon injuries of the hamstrings. Purpose: To describe the operative treatment and outcomes of central tendon injuries of the hamstrings among athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Eight athletes (6 top level, 2 recreational) with central hamstring tendon injuries underwent magnetic resonance imaging and surgical treatment. The indication for surgery was recurrent (n = 6) or acute (n = 2) central hamstring tendon injury. All patients followed the same postoperative rehabilitation protocol, and return to play was monitored. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging found a central tendon injury in all 3 hamstring muscles (long head of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus) with disrupted tendon ends. In acute and recurrent central tendon injuries, full return to play was achieved at 2.5 to 4 months. There were no adverse events during follow-up. Conclusion: Central tendon injuries of the hamstrings can be successfully repaired surgically after acute and recurrent ruptures.

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Avrillon, Simon, Gaël Guilhem, Aude Barthelemy e François Hug. "Coordination of hamstrings is individual specific and is related to motor performance". Journal of Applied Physiology 125, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2018): 1069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00133.2018.

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The torque-sharing strategies between synergistic muscles may have important functional consequences. This study involved two experiments. The first experiment ( n = 22) aimed 1) to determine the relationship between the distribution of activation and the distribution of torque-generating capacity among the heads of the hamstring, and 2) to describe individual torque-sharing strategies and to determine whether these strategies are similar between legs. The second experiment ( n = 35) aimed to determine whether the distribution of activation between the muscle heads affects endurance performance during a sustained submaximal knee flexion task. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from biceps femoris (BF), semimembranosus (SM), and semitendinosus (ST) during submaximal isometric knee flexions. Torque-generating capacity was estimated by measuring muscle volume, fascicle length, pennation angle, and moment arm. The product of the normalized EMG amplitude and the torque-generating capacity was used as an index of muscle torque. The distributions of muscle activation and of torque-generating capacity were not correlated significantly (all P > 0.18). Thus, there was a torque imbalance between the muscle heads (ST torque > BF and SM torque; P < 0.001), the magnitude of which varied greatly between participants. A significant negative correlation was observed between the imbalance of activation across the hamstring muscles and the time to exhaustion ( P < 0.001); i.e., the larger the imbalance of activation across muscles, the lower the muscle endurance performance. Torque-sharing strategies between the heads of the hamstrings are individual specific and related to muscle endurance performance. Whether these individual strategies play a role in hamstring injury remains to be determined. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The distribution of activation among the heads of the hamstring is not related to the distribution of torque-generating capacity. The torque-sharing strategies within hamstring muscles vary greatly between individuals but are similar between legs. Hamstring coordination affects endurance performance; i.e., the larger the imbalance of activation across the muscle heads, the lower the muscle endurance.

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Vertullo, Christopher J., Jason M. Konrath, Benjamin Kennedy, Hamish Bush, Rodney S. Barrett e David G. Lloyd. "HAMSTRING MORPHOLOGY AND STRENGTH REMAIN ALTERED 2 YEARS FOLLOWING A HAMSTRING GRAFT IN ACL RECONSTRUCTION". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, n.º 5_suppl5 (1 de maio de 2017): 2325967117S0018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00181.

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Background: The hamstring graft used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been shown to lead to changes to the semitendinosus and gracilis musculature. This study further evaluated the effect of the surgery on hamstring muscle morphology and knee muscle strength at 2 years post-surgery. Hypotheses: (1) Loss of donor muscle size would significantly correlate with knee muscle strength deficits (2) Loss of donor muscle size would be greater for muscles that do not experience tendon regeneration, and (3) Morphological adaptations would also be evident in non-donor knee muscles. Study Design: Cross sectional evaluation. Methods: 20 participants (14 male, 6 female, 29 ± 7 years, 82 ± 15 kg) that had undergone a hamstring graft in ACL reconstruction at least two years previously, underwent bilateral MRI and subsequent strength testing. Muscle and tendon volumes, peak CSA’s and lengths were determined for 12 muscles and 6 functional muscle groups of the surgical and contralateral limbs. Peak isokinetic concentric strength was measured in knee flexion/extension and internal/external tibial rotation. Results: Only 50% of the patients regenerated both the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. The regenerated tendons were longer with larger volume and CSA compared to the contralateral side. Deficits in semitendinosus and gracilis muscle size were greater for tendons that did not regenerate. In addition, combined hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris) and combined medial knee muscles (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, vastus medialis, medial gastrocnemius, sartorius) on the surgical side were reduced in volume by 12% and 10% respectively. A 7% larger volume was observed in the surgical leg for the biceps femoris and corresponded with a lower internal/external tibial rotation strength ratio. The difference in volume, peak CSA and length of the semitendinosus and gracilis correlated significantly with the deficit in knee flexion strength with Pearson correlations of 0.51, 0.57 and 0.61 respectively. Conclusion: The muscle-tendon properties of the semitendinosus and gracilis are substantially altered following harvesting, and these alterations may contribute to knee flexor weakness in the surgical limb. These deficits are more pronounced in tendons that do not regenerate and are only partially offset by compensatory hypertrophy of other hamstring muscles. Clinical Relevance: Surgeons should consider muscle retraction of the hamstring following tendon harvest in their choice of graft option for ACL reconstruction.

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Crawford, Scott K., Kenneth S. Lee, Greg R. Bashford e Bryan C. Heiderscheit. "Spatial-frequency Analysis of the Anatomical Differences in Hamstring Muscles". Ultrasonic Imaging 43, n.º 2 (9 de fevereiro de 2021): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0161734621990707.

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Spatial frequency analysis (SFA) is a quantitative ultrasound method that characterizes tissue organization. SFA has been used for research involving tendon injury, but may prove useful in similar research involving skeletal muscle. As a first step, we investigated if SFA could detect known architectural differences within hamstring muscles. Ultrasound B-mode images were collected bilaterally at locations corresponding to proximal, mid-belly, and distal thirds along the hamstrings from 10 healthy participants. Images were analyzed in the spatial frequency domain by applying a two-dimensional Fourier Transform in all 6.5 × 6.5 mm kernels in a region of interest corresponding to the central portion of the muscle. SFA parameters (peak spatial frequency radius [PSFR], maximum frequency amplitude [Mmax], sum of frequencies [Sum], and ratio of Mmax to Sum [Mmax%]) were extracted from each muscle location and analyzed by separate linear mixed effects models. Significant differences were observed proximo-distally in PSFR ( p = .039), Mmax ( p < .0001), and Sum ( p < .0001), consistent with architectural descriptions of the hamstring muscles. These results suggest that SFA can detect regional differences of healthy tissue structure within the hamstrings—an important finding for future research in regional muscle structure and mechanics.

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Rovendra, Erit. "Pengaruh Pemberian Cryoterapi Dan Stretching Exercise Terhadap Penurunan Cedera Hamstring Pada Pemain Sepak Bola Remaja Di Nagari Tandikat Selatan Tahun 2020". Journal of Health Educational Science And Technology 4, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2021): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/htc.v4i1.3778.

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Abstrak : Cedera hamstring adalah cedera pada jaringan otot hamstringkarena kerusakan langsung atau tidak langsung akibat teregang melebihi batas normal. Cedera ini sering terjadi pada bagian groin muscles, hamstring, dan otot quadricep.Cedera ini sering terjadi pada atlet dimana salah satu otot paha belakang mengalami robekan atau peregangan akibat trauma dan gerakan mendadak atau gerakan tiba-tiba berhenti.Olahraga dengan intesitas gerakan kombinasi seperti sprint, fleksibilitas, kelincahan, dan kekuatan otot yang besar, sering mengalami cedera ini. Pada cedera hamstring para atlit biasanya mengeluh nyeri yang menyebabkan berkurangnya fleksibilitas dan kekuatan otot hamstring biasanya disertai dengan penurunan daya tahan dalam melakukan suatu aktifitas latihan.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan metode pretest dan posttest. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Nagari Tandikat Selatan, Kecamatan Patamuan, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampling dengan sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 11 pasien.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat fleksibilitashamstring dan nyeri sebelum dan sesudah intervensi mengalami perubahan. Analisis statistic penelitian ini menggunakan Shapiro-Wilkyang didapatkan hasil p = 0.0005 (p<0.05) fleksibilitashamstring, p = 0.003 (p<0.05) pada nyeri gerak, p = 0.003 (p<0.05) pada nyeri tekan, yang berarti terdapat perubahan yang signifikan pada pemberian Cryoterapi dan Stretchingexercise terhadap peningkatan fleksibilitas dan penurunan nyeri pada kasus cedera Hamstring.Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Cryoterapi dan Stretchingexercise bisa meningkatkan fleksibilitas dan penurunan nyeri pada kasus cedera Hamstring. Untuk itu diharapkan kepada pasien dengan keluhan cedera Hamstring untuk dapat selalu aktif dan disiplin dalam mengikuti program terapi yang efektif dalam meningkatkan fleksibilitas dan menurunkan nyeri. Kata Kunci : Cryoterapi,Stretching exercise, Hamstring, fleksibilitas Abstrack : Hamstring injury is an injury to the hamstring muscle tissue due to direct or indirect damage due to stretching beyond normal limits. These injuries often occur on the groin muscles, hamstrings, and quadriceps muscles. It is also occurring in athletes where one of the hamstrings is torn or stretched due to trauma and sudden movement or movement stops suddenly. Sports with the intensity of combination movements such as sprints, flexibility, agility, and great muscle strength, often suffer from this injury. In hamstring injuries, athletes usually complain of pain which causes reduced flexibility and strength of the hamstring muscles and usually accompanied by decreased endurance in carrying out a training activity.It was QuasiExperiment with pretest and posttest methods. It was conducted in Nagari Tandikat Selatan, Patamuan District, Padang Pariaman Regency. By using purposive sampling,11 patients were chosen as the samples.The results of this study indicated that the average level of hamstringflexibility and pain before and after the intervention changed. The statistical analysis of this study used Shapiro-Wilk showed p = 0.0005 (p<0.05) hamstringflexibility, p = 0.003 (p<0.05) for motion pain, p = 0.003 (p<0.05) for tenderness. It means that there was a significant change of giving Cryotherapy and stretchingexercise to increase flexibility and reduce pain in cases of hamstring injury.In short, it can be concluded that giving Cryotherapy and stretchingexercises can increase flexibility and reduce pain in cases of hamstring injury. For this reason, it is hoped that patients with complaints of Hamstring injury to be active and disciplined in following an effective therapy program in increasing flexibility and reducing pain. Keywords : Cryotherapy, Stretching Exercise, Hamstring, Flexibility

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Harput, Gulcan, Hasan Erkan Kılınc, Hamza Özer, Gül Baltacı e Carl G. Mattacola. "Knee Muscle Strength Recovery in the Early Period After ACL Reconstruction". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, n.º 11_suppl3 (1 de novembro de 2014): 2325967114S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00141.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate quadriceps and hamstrings isometric strength at 4, 8 and 12 week time points following ACL Reconstruction (ACLR) and to document the strength changes of these muscles over time. The primary hypothesis was that there would be significant increases in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths between the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks following ACLR. The secondary hypothesis was that the quadriceps index would be higher than hamstring index at 12th week after ACLR. Methods: Thirty patients (Mean ± SD [age, 29.1±2.3yrs; weight, 77.3±13.2kg; height, 172.1±7.1cm; BMI, 21.2±3.5kg/m2, time to surgery: 7.1±7.2 months]) who underwent ACLR with Hamstring Tendon Autograft (HTG) were enrolled in this study. The isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60° knee flexion angle at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after surgery. The recovery of quadriceps and hamstring muscles strength following rehabilitation was expressed as a Quadriceps Index (QI) and Hamstring Index (HI) and calculated with the following formula:[(maximum voluntary isometric torque of the involved limb / maximum voluntary isometric torque by uninvolved limb) × 100]. Torque output of the involved and uninvolved limbs and quadriceps and hamstring indexes were used for the statistical analysis. A repeated measures of ANOVA was used to determine the strength changes of quadriceps and hamstrings over time. Results: Quadriceps and Hamstrings strengths significantly increased over time for both involved (Quadriceps: F (2,46)=58.3, p<0.001, Hamstring: F (2,46)=35.7, p<0.001) and uninvolved limb (Quadriceps: F(2,46)=17.9, p<0.001, Hamstring: F(2,46)=56.9, p=0.001 ). Quadriceps strength was higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points for the involved limb (p<0.001), and it was higher at 8th week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb, quadriceps strength was also higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 (p=0.02) and 4 week time point (p<0.001), and higher at 8 week when compared to the 4 week time point (p=0.02). Hamstring strength was higher at 12 week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points (p<0.001) and it was higher at 8 week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb hamstring strength was also higher at 12 week when compared to 4 week time point (p=0.01). There was no significant difference between the 4 and 8 week time points (p>0.05) or between the 8 and 12 week time points (p=0.07). Quadriceps and hamstring indexes significantly changed from 4th weeks (QI:57.9, HI:54.4 ) to 8th weeks (QI:78.8, HI:69.9 ) and from 8th weeks to 12th weeks (QI:82, HI:75.7 ) (p<0.001); however, there was no difference between indexes at the 12-week time point (p=0.17). Conclusion: Isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles for the involved and uninvolved limb increased during the early period of ACLR. The results of this study could be a baseline for clinicians while prescribing a rehabilitation protocol for ACLR patients with HTG to better appreciate expected strength changes of the muscles in the early phase.

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Vachhani, Rooju, e Himanshi Sharma. "Effectiveness of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique versus Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in College Going Students". International Journal of Research and Review 8, n.º 6 (29 de junho de 2021): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210620.

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Background: Hamstring is one of the commonest muscle which often gets tight. Suboccipital muscle inhibition technique is a method of relaxing tension in four muscles located between occiput and axis which regulates the upper cervical vertebra. When the tone of suboccipital muscles falls, it has been reported that the tone of knee flexors such as hamstrings also decreases due to relaxation of myofascia. This is because hamstrings and suboccipital muscles are connected by one neural system, which passes through the duramater called the superficial back line. Muscle energy technique is a procedure that involves voluntary contraction of a patient’s muscle in a precisely controlled direction, at varying levels of intensity and has been utilized in lengthening of tight muscles. Method: The study was done after obtaining approval from ethical committee. Subjects having hamstring tightness who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected from the population. 52 subjects were included and divided into two groups. The study was carried out for 5 days. Subjects in the experimental group were treated with SMIT and Subjects in control group were treated with MET. Outcome measures used were Active Knee extension test and Back Saver Sit and Reach Test. Data was analysed post treatment (Immediate effects) and at the end of 5th session using non- parametric tests at 5% level of significance. Result: Within group analysis at post treatment and at the end of 5th session showed significant improvement in both the outcome measures in experimental and control group. Between group analysis showed no significant effect post treatment whereas after 5 days significant difference was found where more improvement was found in the control group i.e. Muscle energy technique group. Conclusion: Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique and Muscle Energy Technique both were effective in improving hamstring flexibility but Muscle energy technique was found to be more effective. Keywords: Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique, Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Flexibility, Active Knee Extension (AKE), Back Saver Sit and Reach Test (BSRT).

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Ahn, Jin-Oh, Jong-Hyuck Weon, Eun-Kyung Koh e Do-Young Jung. "Effectiveness of hamstring stretching using a pressure biofeedback unit for 4 weeks: A randomized controlled trial". Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 40, n.º 02 (5 de março de 2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013702520500092.

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Background: Stretching and length test of hamstring muscles have been performed commonly to manage lower back pain (LBP) in sports rehabilitation. Previous literatures addressed that stretching techniques and length test of hamstring muscles should be performed with the pelvic maintained in an anterior tilt position. However, there is no study to determine the effectiveness of pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) to maintain in anterior pelvic tilting (APT) on length test and stretching of hamstring muscles. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of hamstring muscles stretching using a PBU. Methods: Forty participants with shortness of hamstrings randomized into two groups. Participants performed the active knee extension (AKE) stretching without (control group) or with PBU (intervention group) for four weeks. AKE tests without and with PBU were administered three times before and after hamstrings stretching by each group. Results: The AKE test without PBU showed a significant main effect of time ([Formula: see text]) but not of group ([Formula: see text]) on the AKE angle. The AKE test with PBU showed a significant increase in the AKE angle in the post-intervention compared to the pre-intervention assessments in both groups ([Formula: see text]). The difference of AKE angle between the pre- and post-intervention results was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: We recommend the use of a PBU to maintain the pelvic anterior tilting position when performing the AKE test or AKE stretching.

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Richardson, C., e M. I Bullock. "Changes in muscle activity during fast, alternating flexion-extension movements of the knee". Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 18, n.º 2 (6 de agosto de 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/165019771986185158.

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The effects of high frequency alternating knee flexion-extension on muscle activity of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups has been investigated. Standard loads were used for each subject. The muscle activity in vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and the lateral hamstrings were recorded by electromyography during increasing velocities. Rectus femoris and hamstrings were found to increase their activities significantly with increasing speed while vastus medialis and vastus lateralis showed no such change. The individual thigh muscles thus differ in function in relation to the velocity of movement.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Hamstring muscles"

Sole, Gisela, e n/a. "Neuromuscular control of thigh and gluteal muscles following hamstring injuries". University of Otago. School of Physiotherapy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081103.100628.

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Although traditional prevention and management strategies for hamstring injuries have focussed on optimising muscle strength, flexibility and endurance, incidence and/or recurrence rates of these injuries remains high. A theoretical framework was developed considering additional factors that increase the stabilising demand of the hamstrings. These factors included loss of related stability at the knee and lumbopelvic regions and extrinsic factors during functional and sporting activities. The aims of this research were to determine whether electromyographic (EMG) derived hamstrings, quadriceps and gluteal muscle activation patterns as well as isokinetic torque generation patterns could differentiate athletes who had incurred a hamstring injury from uninjured control athletes. It was hypothesised that the EMG activity of the injured participants would be decreased compared to uninjured control participants during maximal activities, but increased during weight bearing activities. The research included the identification of laboratory-based tasks relevant to the function of the hamstring muscles; test-retest reliability of EMG variables recorded during these tasks; and a comparative cross-sectional study of hamstring-injured (hamstring group, HG) and control athletes (control group, CG). Electromyographic activation patterns were determined during assessment of concentric and eccentric isokinetic strength of the thigh muscles, during transition from double- to single-leg stance, and forward lunging. Isokinetic and EMG onset and amplitude variables were compared both within- and between-groups. Despite no significant differences for peak torque, the HG injured limb generated lower average eccentric flexor torque towards the outer range of motion in comparison to the HG uninjured limb (P = 0.034) and the CG bilateral average (P = 0.025). Furthermore, the EMG root mean square (RMS) decrease from the start to the end range of the eccentric flexor contraction was greater for the HG injured limb hamstrings than the CG bilateral average. During the transition from double- to single-leg stance, the EMG onsets of the HG injured limb (biceps femoris [BF] P < 0.001, medial hamstrings [MH] P = 0.001), and the HG uninjured limb (BF P = 0.023, MH P = 0.011) were earlier in comparison to the CG bilateral average. The transition normalised EMG RMS was significantly higher for the HG injured side BF (P = 0.032), MH (P = 0.039) and vastus lateralis (VL, P = 0.037) in comparison to the CG bilateral average. During the forward lunge, no significant differences were observed within- and between-groups for the normalised EMG amplitude prior to and following initial foot contact. These results suggest that during maximal isokinetic eccentric flexor contractions, the average torque and EMG activity is decreased towards the lengthened position of the hamstring-injured limb. This may be due to structural changes or neurophysiological inhibitory mechanisms. During the static weight bearing task an earlier onset of the HG hamstring muscles was evident in comparison to controls. The hamstrings and the VL of the injured limbs were activated at greater normalised amplitude. The increased muscle activation in the hamstring-injured limbs during the support phase may indicate a greater demand towards stability of the kinetic chain or changes in proprioceptive function. Future research should consider the mechanisms and clinical implications underlying a loss of eccentric flexor torque towards the outer range of contraction, and investigate why increased activation of thigh muscles occurs during the static weight bearing task in hamstring-injured athletes.

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Fernandes, Santos Amanda Aparecida. "The effect of joint angle on surface electromyography amplitude of hamstring muscles". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/231385/1/Amanda%20Aparecida_Fernandes%20Santos_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated the effect of knee angle position on the electrical signal of two hamstring muscles using a traditional technique (bipolar electromyography) and a modern technique (high-density electromyography). The results suggest that changes in knee position affect the electrical activity on bipolar electromyography and these changes are associated with the rotation of muscle fibers under the pair of electrodes. However, using high-density electromyography, there was no difference between different knee positions. These findings suggest that high-density electromyography has different responses compared to bipolar electromyography. Hence, studies using bipolar montages need to be interpreted with caution to avoid wrong conclusions.

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Al-Mousawi, Abdul-Majeed M. "A study of warm-up and injury in hamstring muscles". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6899/.

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This project is the first to investigate blood perfusion in the human hamstrings during isometric exercise with a near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A Kin Com dynamometer has been used to fix the knee positions and to measure torques during contractions. Both the NIRS optodes and the electromyography (EMG) electrodes were attached to the skin over the hamstrings. Previous studies used a NIRS to measure muscle blood flow in the forearm, quadriceps and calf muscles. The changes in haemoglobin concentrations were calculated using Spike 2 software. A total of 46 male volunteers participated in the four series of experiments described in this thesis. The following overall conclusions can be drawn: perfusion decreases in the hamstrings during contractions and then returns to normal levels after a period of time, changing the limb position at which the contractions are made does not affect the perfusion, warm-up exercises increase in blood perfusion for 8 minutes at 30 and 40% of MVC. The perfusion did not significantly change during an episode of DOMS or in the injured and non-injured limbs. These conclusions show the importance of warm-up before sports activities but not necessarily avoid injury. It can be concluded that there is no association between such conditions with hamstring injuries. The maintained perfusion at different conditions is a positive finding as the perfusion is not restricted indicating good delivery of oxygen despite muscle injury.

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Dombroski, Erik. "The influence of cyclic loading on the extensibility of human hamstring muscle-tendon units in vivo a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, 2005". Full thesis. Abstract, 2005. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/DombroskiE.pdf.

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Tafazzoli, Faryaneh. "Mechanical behaviour of hamstring muscles in low-back pain patients and control subjects". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9583.

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Baker, Alice Ann. "The Relative Contribution of Flexibility of the Back and Hamstring Muscles in the Performance of the Sit and Reach Component of the AAHPERD Health Related Fitness Test in Girls Thirteen to Fifteen Years of Age". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500769/.

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The purpose of the study was to quantify the relative contribution of low back flexibility and hamstring flexibility in the sit and reach test item of the AAHPERD Health Related Fitness Test in order to examine the validity of the sit and reach test. Subjects were 100 female students, 13 to 15 years of age in physical education classes. Hamstring flexibility was measured using the Leighton flexometer. Spinal mobility was measured using a tape measure. The sit and reach test was performed according to instructions given in the AAHPERD Test Manual. Data were analyzed using correlation, linear regression, and multiple regression. Conclusions of the investigation were (1) hamstring flexibility is moderately related to the sit and reach test, (2) low back flexibility has a very small relationship to the sit and reach test, and (3) the sit and reach test is an inadequate measure of low back and hamstring flexibility.

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Jennings, Andrew George. "Neurophysiological changes in muscles around the knee following injury to the anterior cruciate ligament". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313269.

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Dobija, Lech. "Effet immédiat de l'étirement des muscles ischio-jambiers chez les patients présentant une lombalgie chronique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0127.

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Malgré les progrès réalisés par le système de santé, la lombalgie chronique reste la principale cause d'invalidité. Le déficit d'extensibilité des muscles ischio-jambiers (MIJ), combiné à un déficit de contrôle neuromusculaire, contribue à l'invalidité dans la lombalgie chronique. Dans ce travail, nous décrivons d'abord les mécanismes de la douleur, le modèle biopsychosocial et la biomécanique, en se concentrant sur les déficits d'extensibilité des MIJ. Ensuite, nous estimons les propriétés métrologiques des mesures de l'extension active du genou, Active Knee Extension (AKE), et de la levée de jambe tendue, Straight Leg Raise (SLR) obtenues à l'aide d'un nouvel inclinomètre éléctronique chez les patients souffrant d'une lombalgie chronique. Cette analyse a été effectuée sur les 90 patients inclus dans l'étude EFIM1. La reproductibilité intra-évaluateur pour AKE et SLR s'est révélée excellente, avec un coefficient de corrélation intraclasse, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) supérieur à 0,9. Les valeurs de différence minimale détectable, Minimal Detectable Change (MDC95) ont été de 9 à 11° pour AKE et de 7 à 10° pour SLR. Des corrélations modérées à fortes, ont également été trouvées entre AKE, SLR et la distance doigt-sol, Fingertip-to-Floor (FTF), ce qui confirme la validité de construit de nos mesures. L'étape suivante concernait l'évaluation de l'effet immédiat de l'étirement passif des MIJ, ainsi que l'analyse de l'impact des facteurs psychosociaux sur le changement résultant de l'étirement (étude EFIM1). Les mesures répétées de l'extensibilité des MIJ (AKE, SLR, FTF) ont été effectuées sur 90 patients atteints de lombalgie chronique avant et immédiatement après l'intervention. Celle-ci consistait en une minute d'étirement passif des MIJ réalisée de manière bilatérale par un kinésithérapeute. Les facteurs psychosociaux ont été évalués avant l'intervention grâce aux questionnaires Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ) et Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). L'extensibilité des MIJ s'est améliorée de manière significative après l'étirement; la différence moyenne de l'AKE était de 4° (IC à 95 % : 2,4 à 5,1° ; p < 0,001), la différence moyenne de la SLR était de 7° (IC à 95 % : 5,5 à 8,6°, p < 0,001), la différence moyenne de FTF était de 2 cm (IC à 95 % : 1,7 à 3,0cm, p < 0,001). Aucune corrélation n'a été trouvée entre l'amélioration d'extensibilité des MIJ et les scores des questionnaires FABQ ou HADS (p > 0,05). L'étirement passif des MIJ a entraîné une amélioration immédiate et statistiquement significative de l'extensibilité des MIJ chez les personnes atteintes de lombalgie chronique. Cependant, seul le changement d'amplitude passive de la SLR semble avoir une importance clinique. Cela suggère que le système neuromusculaire nécessite une stimulation active pour générer un mouvement actif dans l'amplitude de mouvement passive nouvellement acquise. Par conséquent, nous présentons un nouveau protocole d'étude randomisée contrôlée, EFIM2 pour vérifier si la combinaison d'étirements actifs et passifs est plus efficace que l'étirement passif seul pour améliorer la flexibilité active chez les patients souffrant d'une lombalgie chronique
Progress in healthcare management increased life expectancy globally but disabling consequences of diseases remain the major problem. Despite the progress that has been made in healthcare management, chronic low back pain (CLBP) remains the leading cause of disability. The deficit in hamstring muscles (HM) flexibility, combined with a deficit in neuromuscular control, contributes to disability in CLBP. In this work, we first describe the context that links pain mechanisms, the biopsychosocial model, and biomechanics, with a specific focus on HM flexibility deficits. Then, we estimate the measurement properties of the Active Knee Extension (AKE) and Straight Leg Raise (SLR) measures taken with a new digital inclinometer in CLBP patients. Intrarater reproducibility was found to be acceptable, with a Minimal Detectable Change of 9-11° for AKE and 7-10° for SLR. Following that, we conducted the EFIM1 study to evaluate the immediate effect of passive hamstring (HM) stretching on flexibility and to analyze the impact of psychosocial factors on change following HM stretching in 90 CLBP patients. Hamstrings flexibility improved significantly after stretching; AKE mean difference was 4° (95%CI, 2.4 to 5.1; p<0.001); SLR mean difference was 7° (95%CI, 5.5 to 8.6, p<0.001), Fingertips-to-Floor mean difference was 2 cm (95%CI, 1.7 to 3.0, p<0.001). No correlation was found between improvement in any of the HM flexibility measurements and Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ) or Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores (p>0.05). Additional group-based analysis showed that the Positive Responders and Non-Responders groups were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics, except for lower Body Mass Index (BMI) values within the Positive Responders group. Passive HM stretching induced an immediate, statistically significant improvement in HM flexibility in people with CLBP. However, only the change in SLR amplitude is likely to be of clinical importance. Psychosocial factors were not related to observed improvements in flexibility. This suggests that the neuromuscular system needs active stimulation to generate active movement in the newly acquired passive range of motion (ROM). Therefore, in response to this conclusion we present a new study protocol, EFIM2. From the patient's perspective, the ultimate goal is to achieve an important improvement in active, pain-free ROM. However, passive stretching did not yield satisfactory improvements in active flexibility. This is why we propose a combination of passive and active stretching exercises, with the expectation that it facilitates improvements in both passive and active ROM. To test our hypothesis that combining active and passive stretching is more effective than passive stretching alone in improving active flexibility, we present a randomized controlled study, EFIM2

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Reynolds, Jonathan F. "A comparative study of the effects of meclofenamate, diclofenac and placebo, in combination with physiotherapy, on the healing of acute quadriceps and hamstring muscle tears". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27131.

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A double-blind, placebo controlled research technique was used to determine the effects of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, meclofenamate and diclofenac, in combination with physiotherapy treatment, on the rate and extent of healing of acute hamstring muscle tears. Sixty patients were recruited and treated at No's 1 and 2 Military Hospitals in Voortrekkerhoogte and Wynberg, Cape Town, respectively. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: meclofenamate, diclofenac and placebo. Patient assessments were performed on days 1, 3 and 7 of the 7-day study period. These assessments included pain assessment (visual analogue scale), swelling measurement (thigh circumference measurement at the site of the muscle tear) and muscle performance test (Cybex isokinetic dynamometer and data reduction computer). All patients received physiotherapy treatment on all 7 days of the study. This comprised early rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE), and later, ultrasound and deep transverse friction massage. An intensive regime of strengthening and stretching exercises was used throughout the study, beginning with stretching and isometric exercises gradually moving onto isotonic exercises and aerobic exercise including swimming, running and cycling. No competitive sport was allowed during the study period. Statistical significance was determined using the analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) test with an acceptance level of p<0.05. No differences in pain, swelling or muscle performance were demonstrated between the three treatment groups. In terms of the pain and swelling assessments, the injuries did not appear to be very severe. Accordingly, the groups were divided into severe and non-severe sub-groups and statistical significance was determined using the ANOVA test with an acceptance level of p<0.05. A significant difference was found in the severe hamstring injury sub-group. In this group, pain reduction was greater in the placebo group than in the meclofenamate group on day 7. There were no other significant differences found in this sub-group analysis. Relatively few side effects were encountered, and those encountered were mild. No patients were withdrawn from the study as a result of these adverse events. Drowsiness and gastro-intestinal disturbance were the most common side effects reported. In conclusion, the study found that no benefit was gained from the use of meclofenamate or diclofenac in combination with physiotherapeutic modalities as compared to the use of physiotherapeutic modalities on their own. Thus, the widespread use of NSAIDs in the treatment of acute muscle injuries may not be justified.

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Rösemann, Christel. "The effect of high intensity training on the angle-torque relationship of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles in a group of well-trained cyclists". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2993.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Hamstring muscles"

O'Sullivan, Kieran. The role of muscle strength in hamstring injury. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Quadriceps/hamstrings strength ratios and hip flexibility as predictors of hamstring injuries. 1985.

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Armstrong, Douglas. Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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Armstrong, Douglas. Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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Douglas, Armstrong. Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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Douglas, Armstrong. Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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An electromyographic analysis of the hamstring muscles during bicycle ergometry. 1988.

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An electromyographic analysis of the hamstring muscles during bicycle ergometry. 1990.

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An electromyographic analysis of the hamstring muscles during bicycle ergometry. 1990.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Hamstring muscles"

Volpi, Piero, e Gian Nicola Bisciotti. "Conservative Treatment for Hamstring Muscles Injuries". In Muscle Injury in the Athlete, 215–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16158-3_9.

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Bermejo-García, Javier, Daniel Rodríguez-Jorge, Ashwin Jayakumar, Rafael Agujetas Ortiz, Francisco Romero-Sánchez e Francisco Javier Alonso-Sánchez. "Assessment of Lower Limb Muscle Activation During Gait Assisted by a Cable-Actuated Exoskeleton". In Proceedings of the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering, 112–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38563-6_17.

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AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the modifications that occur in the neuromuscular system during a walking assistance device through a wearable exoskeleton or exosuit. We propose to study the muscle activations and forces obtained by inverse dynamic analysis at different levels of exosuit actuation and anchor points, with the aim of obtaining an actuation map that will allow us to optimize both the design and the actuation of the exosuit. In addition, metabolic probes were calculated to estimate the influence of the exosuit on energy consumption. The results suggest a reduction in the muscle activations and forces exerted by the hamstring muscles of the actuated leg, especially the semitendinosus muscle and biceps femoris, compared to a non-actuated gait. In contrast, the muscle strength of the other muscles remains unchanged. Our results suggest that the configuration at 70% of femur length shows better results in reducing metabolic cost compared to the other configurations.

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Ono, Takashi. "The Relationship Between Eccentric Exercise and Muscle Damage in Hamstring Muscles". In Sports Injuries and Prevention, 311–26. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55318-2_26.

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Higashihara, Ayako, Takashi Ono e Toru Fukubayashi. "Differences in Activation Patterns of the Hamstring Muscles During Sprinting". In Sports Injuries and Prevention, 299–309. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55318-2_25.

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Teixeira, G. C., M. C. A. Brandão e L. F. Oliveira. "Differences in Shear Modulus Among Hamstring Muscles After an Acute Stretching". In XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering, 433–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_67.

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Yanagisawa, Osamu. "Functional Differences Among Hamstring Muscles in Hip Extension and Knee Flexion Exercises". In Sports Injuries and Prevention, 279–88. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55318-2_23.

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Orlandi, Davide, e Luca Maria Sconfienza. "Hamstrings". In Ultrasound Anatomy of Lower Limb Muscles, 101–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14894-6_12.

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van der Made, Anne D., Thijs Wieldraaijer, Lars Engebretsen e Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs. "Hamstring Muscle Injury". In Acute Muscle Injuries, 27–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03722-6_3.

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Othman, Siti Hajar, N. F. Muhammad, F. Ibrahim e S. Z. Omar. "Muscles activity of the Back and Hamstring during Trunk Flexion and Extension Task in Healthy and Low Back Pain Women". In 3rd Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Biomedical Engineering 2006, 211–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68017-8_55.

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Lempainen, Lasse, Janne Sarimo, Pekka Niemi e Sakari Orava. "Indications for Surgical Treatment in Hamstring Tears". In Muscle and Tendon Injuries, 283–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54184-5_26.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Hamstring muscles"

Georgiev, Yordan, Nezabravka Gencheva e Todor Marinov. "RESEARCH OF HAMSTRINGS MUSCLES IN CHILDREN SPORTS KARATE". In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/162.

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ABSTRACT The functional disorder of the hamstrings muscles is associated with prolonged sitting in a chair, poor posture, lack of motor activity and others. Maintaining elastic muscle tissue is an important factor for children practicing martial arts; karate in particular. This study has the purpose to examine hamstring muscles and their condition in children practicing karate. Methodology During the period between March - May 2022, we worked with 30 children in total, in the age group between 8-10 years old, who were practicing karate or boxing in clubs “Fighters”, located in the city of Varna, and club “Khan Krum”, located in the city of Shumen, respectively. For most accurate results, we formed two separate groups with 15 children each. The participants in our control group were training boxing, whilst the children in our experimental group were practicing karate. All 30 children had been training for a period of 6 months, practicing 2 times per week, one astronomical hour per session. At the beginning of every training session with our experimental group, we treated the hamstring muscles of the participants with post-isometric relaxation. To conclude our findings, we assessed the condition of the hamstring muscles of all 30 children at the beginning and end of the study period, utilizing the method of Laseg and a Seat Test with outstretched legs on the floor with a slope to the toes. Results The results at the end of the study period show that the functional deficit of the hamstring muscles continues to be present in 11 children training boxing. In comparison, only five out of 11 initially diagnosed children with hamstring muscle imbalance from our experimental group showed signs of no improvement. Conclusion The results of this study prove the hypothesis that practicing karate with the inclusion of PIR leads to improved elasticity of the hamstring muscles. The proper selection of physiotherapeutic methods and their regular application could not only heal hamstring muscle stiffness but it could also prevent it, if applied from an early age.

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Rehorn, Michael R., e Silvia S. Blemker. "3D Finite Element Modeling of the Biceps Femoris Muscle". In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206695.

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Hamstring strain injury is a significant problem for many athletes [1]. Muscle-tendon (MT) length changes and activation patterns during the sprinting cycle likely contribute to the high risk of injury. It has been suggested that injury may occur during the late swing phase of the sprinting cycle when the hamstring fibers experience activated muscle lengthening [2]. Of the hamstrings muscles, the biceps femoris longhead (BFLH) is the most commonly injured, with the injury most frequently localized along the proximal muscle-tendon junction [3]. We hypothesize that the injuries are localized in this region because it is also the area of highest localized strains.

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Ghufroni, Afif, e Jasmine Kartiko Pertiwi. "Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique to Increase Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in Adolescents". In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.29.

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Background: Shortening of the hamstring muscles results in pain, limited range of motion, postural instability, and abnormal gait, which effect on daily activities. Muscle energy technique provides a solution to shortening the hamstring muscles by improving muscle flexibility. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of muscle energy technique in increasing hamstring muscle flexibility in adolescents. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment pretest-posttest without a control group conducted at No. 1 High School Jogonalan, Klaten, Central Java in April 2018. A total of 30 students was selected with purposive sampling method in which one student dropped out. The dependent variable was flexibility of hamstring muscle. The independent variable was muscle energy technique training. The flexibility of hamstring muscle was measured by back saver sit and reach test. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Results: Flexibility of hamstring muscle was higher after muscle energy technique (Mean= 39.92; SD= 4.24) than before (Mean= 30.14; SD= 3.59), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Muscle energy technique increases flexibility of hamstring muscle. Muscle exercise technique can be used to improve hamstring muscle flexibility. Keywords: muscle energy technique, flexibility, hamstring muscle, adolescents Correspondence: Afif Ghufroni. Physiotherapy Study Program, School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: apip.physio@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285725000769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.29

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Shadmehr, Azadeh, e Hasan Nadimi Astaneh. "Continuous vs. pulse ultrasound therapy on the flexibility of short hamstring muscles". In 2009 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2009.5441427.

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Higashihara, Ayako, Jurdan Mendiguchia, Takashi Ono, Yasuharu Nagano, Shogo Sasaki, Shinshiro Mineta e Norikazu Hirose. "132 Neuromuscular responses of the hamstring and trunk muscles during unanticipated trunk perturbations". In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.123.

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Kusumaningtyas, Mei, e Herdianty Kusuma Handari. "Assessment of Low Back and Hamstring Muscle Flexibility Among Students of Physiotherapy Department at Health Polytechnics Surakarta". In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.13.

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ABSTRACT Background: Lack of physical activity, coupled with long sitting positions in students, can cause muscle shortening, resulting in decreased flexibility that will interfere with daily activities. In these conditions, there is no data on flexibility due to reduced physical activity in students, so this study aims to identify the level of flexibility among students of the Surakarta Health Polytechnic Physiotherapy. Subjects and Method: This was a quantitative descriptive study carried out students majoring in physiotherapy at School of Health Polytechnic, Surakarta from august to September, 2019. A total sampel 226, who consisted of 66 male students and 160 female students. The data were collected by survey with test and measurement techniques accompanied by interviews about the subject’s activities This study measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles, using a sit and reach test, and then the results are analyzed using a quantitative descriptive with a percentage. Result: The measurement results were less than 1%, less than 13%, enough for 61%, good for 18%, and very good at 7%. The student’s average flexibility is 36 cm, with a minimum score of 11 cm and a maximum score of 52 cm. the results of identifying the flexibility of physiotherapy students on average insufficient conditions were 61%. Conclusion: The results of identifying the level of flexibility are in the sufficient category, and this study as a basis for conducting further research related to interventions to increase flexibility. Keyword: flexibility, lower back, hamstring, sit and reach test, student. Correspondence: Mei Kusumaningtyas. School of Health Polytechnic, Surakarta. Jl. Adi Sumarmo, Tohudan, Colomadu, Karanganyar, West Java. Email: meikusumaningtyas@gmail.com. Mobile: 085725646444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.13

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Yang, Hongzhi, Yi-Chun Li e Mohamed Samir Hefzy. "Isometric Co-Contractions of the Quadriceps and Hamstrings in Intact and PCL-Deficient Knees". In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0445.

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Abstract The exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee are designed to improve its stability. During these exercises, co-contraction of the hamstrings occur depending on the level of quadriceps contraction. The purpose of this study is to develop a three-dimensional knee model that includes tibia, femur and patella and allows to predict knee response due to quadriceps and hamstrings co-contractions. As an application, results quantifying the changes in knee response are obtained following a simulated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury. This is motivated by the continuing debate whether surgical repair is the method of choice for individuals with such an injury. It has been reported that following a knee injury, a large number of patients with PCL deficiency develop significant disability with Osteoarthritis (OA). The conditions tested simulate the straight-leg-raise exercise, during which the quadriceps muscles contract isometrically along with hamstrings co-contractions.

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Quatman, Carmen E., Ata M. Kiapour, Ali Kiapour, Jason W. Levine, Samuel C. Wordeman, Constantine K. Demetropoulos, Timothy E. Hewett e Vijay K. Goel. "Effects of Quadriceps and Hamstrings Ratio on ACL Strain During Landing Activities". In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80672.

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Over 100,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur annually in the United States [1]. Of these, 70% are classified as non-contact, many of which occur subsequent to a landing from a jump [2]. While most agree that quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) have a significant contribution in knee biomechanics, the role of quadriceps and hamstrings muscle loads and their ratio (Q/H) in ACL injury remains controversial. Understanding muscle recruitment in high risk activities may improve our knowledge of ACL injury mechanisms. Such insight may improve current prevention strategies to decrease the risk of ACL injury and damage to secondary anatomical structures, all of which may in turn minimize associated posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. As in vivo quantification of muscle loads remains challenging, especially under dynamic conditions, validated finite element (FE) models of the knee can be used to characterize the role of muscle loads in ACL injury. FE analysis has provided considerable insight into knee joint biomechanics, including ligament function, ligament reconstruction technique and implant design. This study utilized a validated FE model of the knee joint to study the effects of quadriceps to hamstrings ratio (Q/H) on ACL strain during a simulated landing from a jump. We hypothesized that both the ratio and magnitude of muscle loads are critical determinants of ACL loading. Further, a threshold may be reached as the magnitude of quadriceps load exceeds hamstrings load.

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Hefzy, Mohamed S., Hongzhi Yang, Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman e Mohamad Alkhazim. "Effects of Knee Flexion Angle and Quadriceps Contraction on Hamstrings Co-Contraction". In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0270.

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Abstract Open and closed kinetic chain exercises are being used as knee rehabilitation regiments. These exercises are designed to strengthen the muscles around the knee in order to improve its stability. Following a knee injury and/or surgery, the patient is asked to perform an isometric contraction of the quadriceps as the very first task of the rehabilitation process. Co-contraction of the hamstrings may occur depending on the amount of quadriceps contraction and the angle of knee flexion at which this isometric contraction is performed. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the knee flexion angle and the quadriceps tension on the amount of hamstrings co-contraction that occurs during an isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscles.

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Caruntu, Dumitru I., Ricardo Moreno e Robert Freeman. "Knee Muscle and Ligament Forces During Drop Landing Exercise". In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70982.

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This work investigates the human leg muscle and ligaments forces during a drop-landing exercise. An inverse dynamics 2-D model of human leg is used on this ballistic task in order to predict these forces. The model consists of three bony structures, namely femur, tibia, and patella. The joints of the model are the knee joint and the hip joint. The ligamentous structure of the knee includes the two cruciate ligaments, Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), and the two collateral ligaments, Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) and Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL). The system of muscles of the system includes muscle such as quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius are included in the model. Experimental data used show a maximum of 100 degrees of flexion angle and ground reaction forces up to 4 times the body weight. The inverse dynamics 2-D model consists of an objective function to minimize the muscle forces, and a set of constraints consisting of equality constraints which are the dynamics equations of the bony structures, and inequality constraints in which all muscle forces must be positive. All muscle forces show a pattern in which they reach large magnitudes at the beginning of landing, decreasing as the subject end the exercise with a standing position.

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