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Services, Montana Dept of Public Health and Human. Interim guidelines for the control and prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections in non-healthcare settings. Helena, Mont: Montana Dept. of Public Health and Human Services Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Bureau, 2007.
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Rogers, Robert. Healthcare Wars: Maximum Resistance. BookBaby, 2017.
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Scepticism and Resistance to IoMT in Healthcare: Healthcare Iomt. Independently Published, 2021.
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Segal, David. Healthcare. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804079.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 describes the role of materials in healthcare. It covers use of superconducting alloys in magnetic resonance imaging and lasers in medicine. Biologic drugs that are monoclonal antibodies are described as well as their preparation by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology. It also covers aspects of drug delivery, nanoparticles in medicine and shape-memory alloys used in coronary stents. Antimicrobial resistance is discussed, as is bioprinting.
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Daiski, Isolde. Bedside nurses and the restructuring of healthcare: Identiry, power and resistance. 2001.
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Samuelsson, Annika. The faecal flora: a source of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic resistance. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/diss.diva-97709.
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Essex, Ryan. Healthcare Community and Australian Immigration Detention: The Case for Non-Violent Resistance. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2021.
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Essex, Ryan. Healthcare Community and Australian Immigration Detention: The Case for Non-Violent Resistance. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.
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Varman, Rohit, e Devi Vijay, eds. Organizing Resistance and Imagining Alternatives in India. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009193405.
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This volume examines the political economy of neoliberalism in India and offers cases of resistance and alternative organizing. It departs from existing conversations that focus on the state's policies and decisions, and focuses on the violence unleashed by corporate forces. It should be of interest to anyone curious about the collapse of crucial infrastructures such as healthcare and the news media, or the rhetoric of corporate social responsibility, and why there are people's movements and organizations rising from different geographies. While offering in-depth case studies of oraganisations within India, such as The Wire, The People's Archive of Rural India, Kudumbashree, and Left Word Books, it also informs conversations across the world on alternative forms of organizing. These accounts have two imperatives: first, to train our attention on corporations and where capitalism produces its vast waste lands. Second, to imagine the possibilities of another world. The contributors to this volume write to resist the status quo, explore alternative ways of organizing, re-imagine social relations, and rekindle hope.
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Handbook for Communication on the Rational Use of Antimicrobials for the Containment of Resistance. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275123683.
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The acquisition of antimicrobials without a prescription is a global concern. This practice is thriving in countries that lack adequate legislation or where regulations are not properly enforced. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and its member states in the Region of the Americas approved the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, which recognizes antimicrobial resistance as a threat to global public health that requires a multisectoral response. To tackle antimicrobial resistance, a worldwide change in behavior is needed in terms of how these drugs are used and acquired. National approaches are required to address the indiscriminate use and over-prescription of antimicrobials, and to enforce regulations on prescription and acquisition practices. The objective of this communication handbook is to help communication professionals and health program officials develop strategies to raise awareness and promote the importance of the appropriate use of antimicrobials among different stakeholders; raise public awareness about the importance of obtaining antimicrobials with a prescription in order to achieve multisectoral collaboration to ensure compliance with laws and regulations on this issue; and promote a change in behavior regarding the appropriate use and acquisition of antimicrobials by everyone involved. The target audiences for this handbook are the general population (including adolescents, children, and child caregivers/parents of children), healthcare professionals (including pharmacists and pharmacy staff), and various stakeholders (government officials, professional societies, medical organizations, the private sector, local leaders, and health-influencers, among others).
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Hopkins, Susan. The international and national challenges faced in ensuring prudent use of antibiotics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0001.
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In April 2014, the World Health Organization reinforced that without urgent coordinated action by most stakeholders the world is headed for a post-antibiotic era in which common infections and minor injuries, which have been treatable for decades, could kill once again. With the rise in the number of infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the lack of development of new antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance is a major clinical and public health issue that society needs to tackle. This chapter focuses on the challenges of drug resistance and antimicrobial development together with how healthcare organizations can address this threat. A number of initiatives are discussed, including how prescribers and the public need to ensure that antimicrobials are used widely to prevent any collateral damage.
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Damani, Nizam. Manual of Infection Prevention and Control. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198815938.001.0001.
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The Manual of Infection Prevention and Control provides practical guidance on all aspects of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). It outlines the basic concepts of infection prevention and control (IPC), modes of transmission, surveillance, control of outbreaks, epidemiology, and biostatistics. The book provides up-to-date advice on the triage and isolation of patients and on new and emerging infectious diseases, and with the use of illustrations, it provides a step-by-step approach on how to perform hand hygiene and how to don and take off personal protective equipment correctly. In addition, this section also outlines how to minimize cross-infection by healthcare building design and prevent the transmission of various infectious diseases from infected patients after death. The disinfection and sterilization section reviews how to risk assess, disinfect and/or sterilize medical items and equipment, antimicrobial activities, and the use of various chemical disinfectants and antiseptics, and how to decontaminate endoscopes. The section on the prevention of HAIs reviews and updates IPC guidance on the prevention of the most common HAIs, i.e. surgical site infections, infections associated with intravascular and urinary catheters, and hospital- and ventilator-acquired pneumonias. In view of the global emergence of antimicrobial resistance to the various pathogens, the book examines and provides practical advice on how to implement an antibiotic stewardship programme and prevent cross-infection against various multi-drug resistant pathogens. Amongst other pathogens, the book also reviews IPC precautions against various haemorrhagic and bloodborne viral infections. The section on support services discusses the protection of healthcare workers, kitchen, environmental cleaning, catering, laundry services, and clinical waste disposal services.
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Collins, Simon, Tim Horn, Loon Gangte, Emmanuel Trenado e Vuyiseka Dubula. HIV Advocacy. Editado por Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding e Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0010.
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Community responses to the AIDS crisis have changed traditional approaches to medicine, healthcare, health systems, and research. Earlier approaches were rooted in widespread discrimination against key affected populations who were already socially marginalized. The background of community responses, first in the United States and then in other regions, each has a special history. This chapter provides an overview of historical community responses to HIV and is written by activists from the United States, India, South Africa and Western Europe. Examples of key projects include the role of peer advocacy and treatment literacy, which have enabled people living with HIV to learn more about HIV and treatment, adherence, treatment choice, drug resistance, and pipeline research for better drugs in the future. The outcome of this advocacy is that people living with HIV have been empowered to take an active role in their healthcare. HIV advocacy also provides an example of how the international activism that has changed the face of global healthcare is rooted in similar principles developed by early HIV-positive activists and is just as relevant today.
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Wiffen, Philip, Marc Mitchell, Melanie Snelling e Nicola Stoner. Therapy-related issues: infections. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735823.003.0019.
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This chapter outlines information relevant to pharmacists and other healthcare professionals related to microbiology and infectious diseases. Basic microbiology is covered including modes of action of antibacterials and the selection and use of antimicrobials. Key aspects of antimicrobial stewardship (including resistance, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and writing guidelines) and of infection control are covered. The chapter includes an extensive review of the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus and a discussion of key principles in the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Dawson, Susan. Other bacterial diseasesStaphylococcal zoonoses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0026.
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Staphylococcal species are common commensals of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals but only in very recent years has zoonotic infections been recognised. They can also be associated with infection and disease, especially coagulase positive organisms. Staphylococcus aureus is relatively frequently carried by humans in the nasal passages and is a cause of infections in people including bacteraemias in hospitalised patients. More recently some strains of Staphylococcus aureus have acquired a resistance gene (mecA) which renders them resistant to meticillin (meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA). MRSA isolates are of major importance in healthcare situations as well as increasingly in the community. Animals can also be carriers of Staphylococcus aureus although less frequently than humans and MRSA can be carried or infect several different host species. For companion animals such as dogs and cats, the most frequently isolated MRSA strains are similar to the common local human healthcare strains; thus for the UK, EMRSA-15 and -16. This suggests a reverse zoonosis with spill over from the human population into their companion animals. In horses the situation is different, with some horses carrying or infected with human epidemic strains but others infected with strains less frequently seen in people. For food-producing animals the picture is different again with a particular strain, ST398, which appears to circulate endemically in animal populations, such as pigs, and can spill over into the human population where it can cause carriage as well as infection and disease. The transmission appears to be by direct contact with animals rather than through the food-chain.Where risk factors for infection with MRSA have been studied in animals they appear similar to some of the risks for human infection. Therefore, for control of MRSA in animals measures such as improved hygiene and good antibacterial stewardship are important.
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Robb, Fiona, e Andrew Seaton. What are the principles and goals of antimicrobial stewardship? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0002.
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Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is a coordinated strategy for quality improvement designed to improve the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents to optimize clinical outcomes whilst minimizing collateral antimicrobial effects including antimicrobial resistance andClostridium difficileinfection. AS is a function of the multidisciplinary antimicrobial management team and is dependent on key relationships with infection protection and control, clinical governance, therapeutic, and medical management structures within a healthcare organization. AS should operate within a national framework and is driven by quality improvement and patient safety. Engagement with prescribers through education, surveillance, and audit and feedback are key to the success of an AS programme.
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Mody, Rajal K., Angela Ahlquist Cleveland, Shawn R. Lockhart e Mary E. Brandt. Epidemiology of fungal disease. Editado por Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum e Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0007.
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Surveillance and outbreak investigations are important epidemiological tools for assessing the frequency, distribution, and determinants of infections. The primary goal of these activities is to identify measures to reduce the burden of disease. This chapter describes examples of surveillance and approaches to outbreak investigations that have formed the basis of fungal infection control measures. However, considerable knowledge gaps exist, new threats are emerging (including antifungal resistance), and healthcare advances are making more people susceptible to severe fungal infections. Expanded surveillance efforts, timely outbreak detection, and effective outbreak investigations are needed to further reduce the burden of fungal infections. This will require confronting challenges that have held back fungal disease epidemiology, including limited clinical suspicion of fungal infections by clinical providers, difficulties in diagnosing fungal infections due to suboptimal diagnostic methods, limited availability of antifungal susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping, and a lack of mandated fungal disease surveillance in most countries.
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Grabe, Magnus, e Björn Wullt. Urinary tract infection. Editado por Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0004.
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Infections of the urinary tract are among the most frequent infections encountered in the community and hospital environments. They range from harmless self-curing cystitis to severe pyelonephritis with life-threatening sepsis. Urinary tract infections are often recurrent. Host defence is crucial to control the infection but can also be deleterious in terms of scar formation. Early diagnosis, determination of severity, evaluation of possible risk factors, and assumption of possible pathogen are essential aspects to initiate efficient treatment. Urine culture with antibiotic sensitivity testing is the most important tool to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis and direct treatment. Patients with urological disease are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infections, and healthcare-associated urinary infections are observed in approximately 10% of hospitalized urological patients. In view of the worsening resistance pattern of common urinary pathogens against available antimicrobial agents, it is important to comply with recommended treatment regimens.
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IX Congress with international participation Control and prevention of infections associated with health care (HAIs-2021). Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-6045286-5-5.
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The significant prevalence of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) in medical organizations of various profiles, its negative impact on the health of patients and the outcomes of the underlying disease, the increasing duration of treatment with the addition of HAIs have determined their relevance at all times. Ensuring the epidemiological safety of healthcare activities requires the introduction of new methods of prevention into epidemiological practice, which can only be implemented from the standpoint of an interdisciplinary approach, the joint participation of professionals of various specialties. An interdisciplinary approach to the prevention of HAIs during a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection has made it possible to successfully implement clinical and epidemiological practices, to form a new regulatory and legislative framework for the control of HAIs. This book of proceedings contains abstracts of reports prepared by leading experts: epidemiologists, disinfectologists, clinicians, scientists and medical practitioners. The published materials contain data on the professional risks of infection with the new coronavirus in medical workers, the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome, the resistance to antimicrobial drugs of the main pathogens of HAIs, including fungi, recommendations on the effective use of skin antiseptics and modern technology for air disinfection, as well as issues of improving the specific and non-specific prevention of the most socially significant infections, including COVID-19. The proceedings of the Congress are of interest to specialists from the institutions of Rospotrebnadzor, doctors of clinical specialties, epidemiologists, disinfectologists, as well as teachers of medical colleges and universities.
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Williams, Shannen Dee. Subversive Habits. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022817.
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In Subversive Habits, Shannen Dee Williams provides the first full history of Black Catholic nuns in the United States, hailing them as the forgotten prophets of Catholicism and democracy. Drawing on oral histories and previously sealed Church records, Williams demonstrates how master narratives of women’s religious life and Catholic commitments to racial and gender justice fundamentally change when the lives and experiences of African American nuns are taken seriously. For Black Catholic women and girls, embracing the celibate religious state constituted a radical act of resistance to white supremacy and the sexual terrorism built into chattel slavery and segregation. Williams shows how Black sisters—such as Sister Mary Antona Ebo, who was the only Black member of the inaugural delegation of Catholic sisters to travel to Selma, Alabama, and join the Black voting rights marches of 1965—were pioneering religious leaders, educators, healthcare professionals, desegregation foot soldiers, Black Power activists, and womanist theologians. In the process, Williams calls attention to Catholic women’s religious life as a stronghold of white supremacy and racial segregation—and thus an important battleground in the long African American freedom struggle.
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Rushing, Sara. The Virtues of Vulnerability. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197516645.001.0001.
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There are many locations, relationships, and experiences through which we learn what it means to be a citizen. Contemporary healthcare—or “the clinic”—is one of those sites. Being drawn into the complex “medical-legal-policy-insurance nexus” as a patient entails all sorts of learning, including, it is argued here, political learning. When we are subjected as a patient, frequently through a discourse of “choice and control,” or “patient autonomy,” what do we learn? What happens when the promise of a certain kind of autonomy is accompanied by demands for a certain kind of humility? What do we learn about agency and self-determination, as well as trust, self-knowledge, dependence, and resistance under such conditions of acute vulnerability? This book explores these questions on a journey through medicalized encounters with giving birth, navigating death and dying, and seeking treatment for life-altering mental illness (here post-traumatic stress disorder among veterans). While the body has always posed a problem for Western thought, and has been treated as an obstacle to freedom and independence and something our rational capacity must master and control, this book aims to counter that intellectual-historical and political tendency by asking how we might reimagine the political potential of embodiment, or make space for considering “the virtues of vulnerability.” In particular, the book offers a novel conception of democratic citizen-subjectivity, grounded in an ethical disposition of humility-informed-relational-autonomy.
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Grisoli, Dominique, e Didier Raoult. Prevention and treatment of endocarditis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0161.
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Initially always lethal, the prognosis of infective endocarditis (IE) has been revolutionized by antibacterial therapy and valve surgery. Nevertheless, it remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases, with ≥30% of patients dying within a year of diagnosis. Its incidence has also remained stable at 25–50 cases per million per year, and results predominantly from a combination of bacteraemia and a predisposing cardiac condition, including endocardial lesions and/or intracardiac foreign material. While antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended by various learned societies to cover healthcare procedures with the potential of causing bacteraemia in at-risk patients, there is no evidence to support this strategy. Even though the benefits are hypothetical, national guidelines should still be followed to avoid medico-legal issues. General preventive measures, such as education of clinicians and at-risk patients appear to be more crucial. Invasive procedures, especially intravenous catheterization, should be kept to the minimum possible. The severity of IE mandates a multidisciplinary and standardized approach to treatment, with involvement of dedicated surgeons within specialist centres. Standardized antibiotic protocols have produced dramatic reductions in hospital and 1-year mortality in reference centres. Most deaths now result from complications that constitute definite surgical indications, so optimization of surgical management and avoidance of delay will clearly improve prognosis. This disease has now entered an ‘early surgery’ era, with a more aggressive surgical approach showing promising results. Conditions such as septic shock, sudden death, and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcal endocarditis still constitute therapeutic and research challenges, and justify an important role for specialist centres.