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Gunnarsson, Ted. "Laga skifte i Skruvby : Jord och befolkning 1825-1845". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5018.
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Den här uppsatsens syfte är att med hjälp av mantalslängder och skiftesprotokoll undersöka hur Skruvby, ett litet småländskt bysamhälle, förändrades i samband med laga skiftet som genomfördes 1827-1828. Undersökningsperioden är på 20 år, mellan 1825 och 1845, för att kunna se förändringarna på lite längre sikt. För att genomföra denna undersökning har jag tagit hjälp av följande huvudfrågeställning: Vad betydde laga skiftet för de ekonomiska,demografiska och sociala förändringarna i Skruvby mellan 1825-1845?
Som sammanfattande svar på huvudfrågeställningen kan man säga att laga skiftesreformen i Skruvby medförde eller bidrog till tre tydliga effekter. Den första var en folkökning bland den obesuttna delen av befolkningen. Den andra effekten var en proletariseringsprocess, eftersom en ökning av den obesuttna delen av befolkningen måste ha inneburit att fler var tvungna att förlita sig på inkomster från andra håll än jordägande, exempelvis dagsverken. Slutligen skedde en uppsplittring av den mantalssatta jorden, förmodligen på grund av att reglerna för handel med och uppstyckning av jord mildrades i samband med skiftet. Det blev helt enkelt lättare att göra lite mer som man ville med sitt jordinnehav.
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Freiholtz, Jakob. "Säffle kanal 1835 - 1845 : En jämförande studie kring transporteroch ekonomi". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85822.
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Denna studie handlar om Säffle kanals ekonomi. I studien går jag igenom ekonomin från attbygget på kanalen startade år 1835 - 1845. Syftet är att undersöka kanalens ekonomi, hur detkommer sig att folk färdades igenom kanalen och att sedan jämföra Säffle kanal med andrakanaler i Värmland ur ett kvantitativt vis.
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Jones, C. L. "Industrial relations in the Northumberland and Durham coal industry : 1825 - 1845". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353592.
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The prime aim of this work is to examine the industrial relations of the Northumberland and Durham Coal Industry in the period 1825 - 1845. In order to do so comprehensively several different themes are examined. The North-eastern coalfield had a history of m~n~ng enterprises dating back to monastic and other medieval ecclesiastical ventures. It had witnessed expansion and development under the monopolistic Grand Alliance of aristocratic owners in the eighteenth-century. And in the second quarter of the nineteenth-century it presented a multifaceted pattern of ownership varying from some of the largest territorial magnates in the two counties to partnership~composedof representatives of the mercantile, industrial, professional and squirearchic elites of the area. The regularly-expanding labour force was initially composed of a localised aristocracy of skilled labour, who developed strong bonds of occupational solidarity, loyalty and craft-pride. They also had a strong sense of occupational status. Attitudes and beliefs developed within the workplac~ pervaded community relationships and structures) and gave them a cohesive and essentially insular character in which local traditions and folk-lore and bucolic leisure activities continued to predominate. The pitmen had a history of combination and industrial action dating back to the mid-eighteenth-century and their trade unions were craft-orientated, moderate and community-based. Disputes reflected the men's concern with status and privileges, which from the 1820's were being threatened by the employers attempts to rationalise the production processes and reduce costs. In the period under consideration there were two major strikes (1831-2 and 1844): the second involving the national trade union, the Miners' Association of Great Britain and Ireland. Strikes affected the whole community and the pit populations responded with a degree of solidarity which made the enforcement of law and order difficult. The history of the pitmen's trade unions, and their relationship with the coal owners has not been considered in detail since 1923. Using newly-available source material this work will assess the situation using as its basis the pitmen's own perceptions of the situation, to provide a framework in which to analyse their relationship with the employers.
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Piller, Gordon J. "The history and presentation of leukaemia 1845-1960". Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320760.
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Persad, Rajesh Surendra. "A Passage from India: The East Indian Indenture Experience in Trinidad 1845-1885". NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08132008-104154/.
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The purpose of this research has been to analyze the social relationships that developed during the formative years of East Indian indenture system in the Trinidad. This work is an attempt to explore how the East Indian indentured immigrants in Trinidad individually and collectively navigated through the experience of servitude to form a collective identity and become established in a foreign land as they evolved from transient laborers to permanent settlers. Without the Indian laborers the sugar industry and the islandâs prosperity faced ruin while the perceived prosperity of the Indians inspired resentment. Caught between the worlds of freedom and unfreedom, the Indians sought to establish themselves within Trinidadâs society.
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Joyce, Charles Anthony. "From left field, sport and class in Toronto, 1845-1886". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22470.pdf.
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Bennett, Joshua Maxwell Redford. "Doctrine, progress and history : British religious debate, 1845-1914". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:299ba472-2a9c-488c-a8de-12ac55acc4ea.
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Religion and history became closely related in new ways in the Victorian imagination. This thesis asks why this was so, by focusing on arguments within British Protestant culture over progress and development in the history of Christianity. In an intellectual movement approximately beginning with the 1845 publication of John Henry Newman's 'Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine', and powerfully spreading and developing until the earlier years of the twentieth century, British intellectuals came to treat the history of religion - both as a past and present process, and as a didactic genre - as a vital element of broader attempts to stabilise or reconstruct religious belief and social order. Religious revivalists, determined to use church history as a raw material for the inculcation of exclusive confessional identities and dogmatic theology, were highly successful in pressing it on the attention of early Victorian audiences. But they proved unable to control its meaning. Historians rose to prominence who instead interpreted the history of Christianity as a guide to how religious culture, which many treated as indistinguishable from society as a whole, might eventually supersede denominational and dogmatic divisions. Humanity's spiritual development in time, which numerous British critics assessed with the aid of German Idealist thought, also became an attractive apologetic resource as the epistemological basis of Christian belief came under unprecedented public challenge. A major part of that danger was perceived to come from rival, avowedly secularising interpretations of human social progress. Such accounts - the ancestors of twentieth-century secularisation theory - were vigorously opposed by historians who understood modernity as involving not the decline, but the purification of Christianity. By exploring the ways in which Victorian critics - clerical and lay, religious and secular - approached religious history as a resource for solving the problems of their own age, this thesis offers a new way of understanding the importance of history, claims to knowledge, and the nature and ends of 'liberalism' in the long nineteenth century.
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Grant, David. "A new critical edition of William Vincent Wallace's Maritana (1845/1848) with biographical information and selected reception history of the opera to 1855". Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543778.
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Neill, Margaret. "Women at work in Ulster 1845-1911". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337025.
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Van, Jaarsveld Floris Albertus 1922-1995. "Die Ndzundza-Ndebele en die blankes in Transvaal, 1845-1883". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004379.
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In 1969 het Leonard Thompson met reg beweer dat Suid-Afrikaanse historici hulle tot op hede hoofsaaklik besig gehou het met die doen en late van 'n Blanke gemeenskap wat die land sedert 1652 oorheers het. Die Swartman was die "forgotten factor" in die geskiedenis van Suider-Afrika. Waar die Swartman die onderwerp van wetenskaplike studie was, is dit aan argeoloë, linguiste, etnoloë en fisiese en sosiale antropoloë oorgelaat. Tereg het Thompson kort hierna opgemerk: "We need to know much more about the complex process by which African chiefdoms became incorporated in white controlled politics in the late nineteenth century. Only when monographs have been written on several individual cases, shall we be in a position to reach definite conclusions about the process as a whole ". Sedert hierdie uitspraak van Thompson het verskeie historici hulle op die terrein van die "forgotten factor" begewe. Omvangryke publikasies oor onder andere die Zulu, Pedi, Sotho asook die Swazi's het sedertdien die lig gesien, terwyl 'n werk oor die Tswana van Wes-Transvaal pas verskyn het. Hierteenoor het heelwat van die kleiner en minder invloedryke swart groeperinge tot op hede steeds agterweë gebly. Wat Noordoos Transvaal betref - meer spesifiek die gebied tussen die Elandsrivier, die Lebomboberg en die Krokodilrivier wat die Ohrigstadse Volksraad in 1846 van Mswati gekoop het, was daar behalwe die Pedi verskeie ander groepe aanwesig wat almal gedurende die loop van die negentiende eeu onder Blanke gesag gekom het. Hieronder het getel die Ndzundza, die Kopa, Tau, Kwena, Ntwane, Koni, Rôka, Kutswe , Pai en Pulana, waarvan die Ndzundza en Kopa die belangrikste was. Ten spyte van die feit dat daar heelwat argivale bronne oor hierdie groepe bestaan, het geen navorser dit tot op hede nog ontgin nie. Oor die onderwerping van hierdie stamme aan Blanke gesag gedurende die negentiende eeu, is daar weinig bekend. Wat die Ndzundza-geskiedenis betref, geld Thompson se opmerking nog steeds dat historici wetenskaplike studie oor die Swartes tradisioneel aan navorsers uit ander dissiplines oorgelaat het. Dit blyk duidelik uit 'n ontleding van sekondêre materiaal wat oor die Ndzundza bestaan. Verskeie studies van volkekundige aard is oor die verskillende kulturele fasette en pre-koloniale geskiedenis van die Transvaalse Ndebele, waarvan die Ndzundza deel uitmaak, gedoen. In die meeste van hierdie studies word die pre-Blanke geskiedenis van die Ndzundza as inleiding aangebied, terwyl daar in sommige gevalle ook na die historiese tydperk verwys word. Op hierdie wyse is die herkomsgeskiedenis van die Ndzundza met behulp van mondelinge tradisies redelik volledig opgeteken. As gevolg van die feit dat geen argivale bronne geraadpleeg is nie, is die volkekundige werke wat die historiese tydperk betref, deurspek met spekulasies, onjuisthede en valse aannames. Met enkele uitsonderings berus verwysings deur die enkele historici wat die Ndzundza-geskiedenis behandel, veral met betrekking tot die tydperk voor 1882, grootliks op die uitsprake van volkekundiges. Dit het meegebring dat die huidige beeld en feitelikhede omtrent die negentiende eeuse Ndzundza-geskiedenis onjuis is, veral soos dit in algemene geskiedenisse opgeteken staan. Hierteenoor het verskeie historici die Mapoch-oorlog van 1882- 1883, waartydens die Ndzundza hul onafhanklikheid verloor het, behandel. In sy biografie oor genl P. J. Joubert het J. A. Mouton die oorlog tot 'n enkele hoofstuk beperk. Vir Mouton gaan dit egter om Joubert se persoonlike aandeel en gee hy gevolglik nie veel aandag aan die belangrikste aspek van die oorlog, naamlik die oorsake, nie. H. P. van Coller het in 1941 'n MA-verhandeling die lig laat sien waarin die oorsake en verloop van die Mapoch-oorlog beskryf word. Van Coller se uiteensetting omtrent die oorsake van die oorlog is egter ontoereikend aangesien dit heelwat onjuisthede bevat, geweldig subjektief is en nie ontkom aan naïewe aannames en uitsprake nie. Die belangrikste oorsaak van die oorlog, naamlik gronddispute, word deur Van Coller geignoreer. Voorts behandel hy die oorlog as 'n gevolg van die moord op Sekhukhune, sodat die Ndzundza "toevallig" betrek word. Ander historici se verwysings na die oorlog is ook ontoereikend omdat dit in die meeste gevalle beperk bly tot enkele bladsye en paragrawe. Tot op hede is die negentiende eeuse Ndzundza-geskiedenis dus nog of onvolledig, of onjuis opgeteken. Met hierdie studie word gepoog om 'n bydrae in hierdie verband te maak. Omdat die historisiese feite omtrent die verloop van die 1882-1883 oorlog grootliks bekend is, val die klem op die tydperk daarvóór. Voorts moet dit gemeld word dat dit in hierdie studie hoofsaaklik gaan om die faktore wat die verhoudinge tussen die Ndzundza en die Blankes bepaal het, te elimineer. Ander aspekte wat ter sprake kom is onder andere die uitwerking wat die Blanke besetting van Noordoos-Transvaal op die Ndzundza gehad het, gronddispute, arbeidsaangeleenthede, Swazi- en die Pedi-deelname in die Blankes se pogings om die Ndzundza te onderwerp van die asook die uiteindelike vernietiging en verlies onafhanklikheid van die Ndzundza. Die spelwyse van sekere name en benaminge wat in hierdie verhandeling voorkom, het in sommige gevalle probleme opgelewer. Die meerderheid Ndebele name is gespel volgens die voorskrifte van die Suid-Ndebele taalraad. Waar die korrekte moderne spelling van Swartes se name nie vasgestel kon word nie, is dit in aanhalingstekens weergegee soos dit in die dokument voorkom. AIle amptelike benamings soos staatspresident of koloniale sekretaris is in die teks met 'n kleinlettertjie gespel maar in die voetnotas met 'n hoofletter. Die motivering hiervoor is die Afrikaanse gebruik om amptelike benamings binne Westerse staatsverband met 'n hoofletter te spel maar benamings in tradisionele verband soos kaptein, opperhoof of hoofman met 'n kleinlettertjie, wat myns insiens op diskriminasie neerkom. Wat die spel van die woord swart betref: Waar dit as byvoeglike naamwoord gebruik word (bv. swart kindertjies), is deurgaans van kleinletters gebruik gemaak. Hoofletters is gebruik wanneer dit as selfstandige naamwoord gebruik word, bv. Die Swartes. Die terme kaffer en meid is waar moontlik, vermy. Die aangehaalde stukke waarin dit weI voorkom, moet nie as beledigend beskou word nie maar as verteenwoordigend van die terminolgoie van 'n bepaalde tyd in die geskiedenis. Die bedoeling was geensins om enigiemand te na te kom nie. wat ter sprake kom.
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Carter, Geoffrey Herbert. "The rise and fall of Portland naval base 1845-1995". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244418.
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Andersson, Staf Josefine. "Laga syn : En komparativ studie av det yngre indelningsverkets avveckling i Skaraborg via torpsyneprotokoll åren 1845-1902". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41620.
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Denna studie har följt skicken på soldattorp under det yngre indelningsverkets sista 50 år. Frågeställningen var om det gick att se att se någon förändring i torpens skick och kostnader för deras underhåll över tid, och i så fall hur? Hur påverkade i så fall det yngre indelningsverkets nedmonterande skicket på torpen? Källmaterialet har varit torpsyneprotokoll och platsen för studien har varit Höjentorps kompani på Skaraborgs regemente. Till skillnad från hypotesen som sattes upp så kan vi av materialet ej se något eftersakande av skötseln av soldattorpen. Skicken på torpen verkar vara oförändrat under den senare hälften av 1800-talet. Torpen fortsatte dessutom att bli synade flitigt även i slutet av 1800-talet. De kategorier som anmärktes på var till största del samma, och både större och mindre reparationer efterfrågades både år 1844 och år 1902. Det faktum att vi ser torpsyner så sent som 1928 kan tolkas som ett tecken på att systemet levde och på vissa ställen frodades långt efter det att det officiellt avslutats och att inget försummande skedde. Kostnaderna för de efterfrågade åtgärderna ökar dock under tidsperioden. Detta kombinerat med det faktum att det varken fanns någon ökning i antalet anmärkningar eller efterfrågan om större arbeten tyder dock inte på att skicken försämrats under tiden för studien. Sammanfattningsvis så kan det inte av materialet tolkas som att avvecklandet av det yngre indelningsverket på något sätt påverkade skötseln av eller skicket på soldattorpen. Den kostnadsökning som kan ses verkar inte kunna kopplas till en försämring av skicken på torpen. Vissa problem med materialet har funnits. Ett av dem är att det är svårt att dra några slutsatser om frekvensen av synerna då protokoll med största sannolikhet kan ha försvunnit med åren. Från år 1846 finns till exempel en stor mängd material bevarat. Det är tyvärr ej möjligt att från detta material dra några slutsatser i exakt hur ofta synerna gjordes på respektive torp eller vissa år innebar fler syner än andra. Vissa år är protokollen mer kortfattade än andra och i många fall så saknar de antecknade kostnader. Detta var till exempel fallet med de protokoll som återfanns från åren 1901-1902. Om detta innebär att ambitionerna för synerna sjunkit under de sista två åren för indelningsverket går endast att spekulera om. Faktum kvarstår att lika många torp synades dessa år som tidigare år. Likaväl så finns utförliga torpsyneprotokoll från så sent som år 1928. Som nämnts tidigare så hade olika landsändar olika krav på sina soldattorp. För en mer extensiv undersökning så är en tanke att jämföra torpsyneprotokollen med soldatkontrakten. Där skulle man kunna dra slutsatser om torpets befintliga skick vid tillträde och vad som på förhand förväntades av knekten. Källmaterialet är i sig rikt på information och erbjuder många möjligheter. Det lämpar sig som nämnt ovan inte endast för studier i ekonomisk historia, utan även socialhistoriska undersökningar. Även det faktum att källorna är i original innebär att flera möjligheter finns. Bristen på forskning med hjälp av detta material erbjuder en forskningslucka som är värdefull att fylla. Det är tydligt att ett intresse för knektar och indelningsverket finns, och detta material finns där till forskarens förfogande. Det är med viss förvåning som jag inte har lyckats hitta någon mer ingående studie av just torpsyner. Detta rika material presenterar en uppsjö av möjligheter på vilket man inte bara kan göra en rent ekonomisk studie utan det erbjuder också värdefulla inblickar i knektarnas och deras familjers levnadsförhållanden. Min förhoppning är att detta arbete åtminstone kan väcka intresset för torpsyneprotokoll som källa och studieobjekt.Godkänt datum 2021-01-17
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Raftery, James Patrick. "The economics of psychiatric services in the UK and Ireland, 1845-1985". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2082/.
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This study empirically describes the activity and costs associated with the psychiatric services in England & Wales, Scotland & Ireland from 1845 to 1985. Basic economic concepts are employed to structure data. Key hypotheses from the three historical schools (Progressive, Social Control and Epidemiological) are tested, using a neo-Popperian methodology. The literature is reviewed in Chapter 2 (general and socio-economic) and Chapter 3 (epidemiological). Chapter 4 sets the comparative legal and financing context. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 outline activity and financial data for each country. Major points common to each included: - relative stability in admissions and costs up to around 1945, - a major change after 1945 when admission rates (both first and total) rose sharply, - inflows exceeded outflows until around 1955 when the number of resident inpatients began to fall, - despite the fall in resident inpatients, spending, which was predominantly publicly financed and hospital orientated, continued to increase. Chapter 8 suggests that three hypotheses were not obviously falsified by the data: - a pharmacological hypothesis linking new drugs in the mid-1950s to the changes which occurred then, - Wagner's Law, which predicts continued high levels of spending despite reductions in hospital places, and - Hare's epidemiological hypothesis which relied on the increase in first admission rates between 1850 and 1900. Four other hypotheses related to costs were rejected. Three paradoxes are identified for further investigation. Chapter 9 shows that the decline in the stock of inpatients occurred almost entirely in the long-stay (over 5 years) group, due mainly to deaths rather than live discharges. This pattern helps explain the continued high levels of spending. Ireland's outlier status is linked to both demand and supply side factors. Chapter 10 draws some overall conclusions and offers priorities for further research.
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Moore, S. "Women, industrialisation and protest in Bradford, West Yorkshire, 1780-1845". Thesis, University of Essex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377084.
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Arnstad, Henrik. "The Amazon Archers of England : Longbows, gender and English nationalism 1780–1845". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169585.
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In the 1780s the medieval weapon of war; the English longbow, enjoyed a renaissance, as historical archery became a fashionable recreation among the English aristocracy. Later, during 1819-1845, longbow archery developed into a mass movement, as it spread downwards in the English class system, into the bourgeoning middle class. During the entire time period of 1780-1845, the “English warbow” was instrumental in producing a specific English (i.e. not British) nationalistic memory culture regarding the medievalmilitary triumphs of the “English bowmen” in battles of old, against French and Scottish forces, as well as reproducing a nationalistic narrative surrounding the English national hero and master-archer Robin Hood. The English longbow, as an object, became a mani- festation of English nationalism. An important fact was that both men and women were included as archers, despite the masculine context of the memory culture surroundingmilitary archery, the celebration of medieval English battlefield victories and the man- liness of the English “bowmen”. How did England come to view the female archer as an ideal for English women, while at the same time publicly upholding a patriarchal doctrine of a feminine “private sphere” womanhood, whereby women should be constrained to the domestic space as housewives, mothers and daughters? How was the English inclusion of females in the nationalistic public sphere of longbow archery made possible, communica- ted and reproduced? In summary, this study is about how longbow archery was manife- sted in the context of the rise of English modern nationalism and how women were inclu- ded – or rather included themselves – as English longbow archers. As the study shows, the answers exists in an inter-relating web of English memory culture regarding warfare and historical archery; gender constructions and female agency; constructions of English national identity and English nationalism within a British context; and class developments in English society. This accounts for how the Amazon Archers of England came to exist from 1780-1845.På 1780-talet fick det engelska medeltida krigsvapnet; den engelska långbågen, en ovän- tad och plötslig renässans i England, när historiskt bågskytte blev en hobby på modet inom den engelska aristokratin. Efter Napoleonkrigens slut 1815 utvecklades skyttet till enfolklig massrörelse, inom den växande och allt mer inflytelserika engelska medelklassen. Under tidsperioden 1780-1845 blev den engelska långbågen (The English longbow ellerThe English warbow) instrumentell i produktionen av en specifikt engelsk – det vill sägainte brittisk – nationalistisk minneskultur, utifrån de medeltida engelska bågskyttarnassegrar på slagfälten, i krig mot franska och skotska arméer. Parallellt förstärktes de natio- nalistiska narrativen kring den engelske nationalhjälten och långbågeskytten Robin Hood. Den engelska långbågen, som objekt, blev en manifestation av engelsk nationalism. En viktig del av den engelska långbågskytterörelsen var inkluderingen av både kvinnor och män, trots skyttets karaktär av maskulin krigiskhet och militärhistoria, angående medel- tida krigståg, där ”the English bowman” hade triumferat. Faktum är att den kvinnliga bågskytten hyllades som ett ideal för engelska kvinnor, samtidigt som patriarkal brittisk doktrin dikterade att kvinnor borde hålla sig innanför hemmets väggar, i den privata sfä-ren, medan den offentliga sfären (yrkeskarriär, politik, idrott, etc.) borde vara ett exklusivtmanligt utrymme. Kvinnor skulle vara fruar, mödrar eller döttrar – inte krigare. Hur vardessa bägge kvinnoideal möjliga att förena? I denna fråga återfinns denna studies kärna. Hur konstruerades engelsk krigshistorisk nationalism 1780-1845 kring den engelska långbågen? Hur inkluderades kvinnor i denna maskulina nationalism? Hur producerades, kommunicerades och reproducerades kvinnlig agens i en militärhistorisk nationalistiskdiskurs, som i andra europeiska länder (exempelvis Sverige) ansågs självklart exklusivtmanlig? Sammanfattningsvis visar denna studie hur den engelska långbågen blev central för den gryende engelska moderna nationalismen 1780-1845, och hur kvinnor inkluderades – eller snarare inkluderade sig själva – i denna nationalism, som långbågeskyttar. Studien visar att svaren på forskningsfrågorna återfinns i en sammanflätad väv av engelskminneskultur, angående historiska krig och bågskytte; genuskonstruktioner och kvinnlig agens; konstruktioner av engelsk nationell identitet och engelsk nationalism; samt engel- ska samhällsutvecklingar under introduktionen av modernitet och industrialism. Allt detta berättar historien om hur de engelska bågskytte-amazonerna–The Amazon Archers of England–blev en realitet 1780-1845.
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Kulu, Muhammed Mustafa. "A Brief History Of The Dardanelles Jews During Early Tanzimat Years (1839-1845)". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606403/index.pdf.
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This thesis will attempt to introduce a history of the Dardanelles Jewish community during the early years of the Tanzimat, i.e. between 1839 and 1845. It analyzes the cultural and economic structure of the community and its relations with the Ottoman state in light of developments following the Baltalimani Convention of 1838 and the proclamation of the Tanzimat.
This study, based mostly upon Ottoman archival documents, first will touch upon the initial Jewish settlement in the Dardanelles and the demographic composition of the city during the early years of the Tanzimat. Then it will provide information about Jewish communal organization in the Dardanelles, as it will explain the institutions, religious and lay leadership and some cultural aspects of the Jews. Next, it will bring forth, mostly in statistical tables, properties owned by the Dardanelles Jews, as well as occupational divisions among them such as in crafts, trades and agriculture. The study further will examine their economic stratification in comparison with the non-Jewish communities in the Dardanelles, and briefly outlines their commercial and diplomatic relations with the European states. This thesis also will attempt to cover the community’
s relations with the Ottoman state with respect to Tanzimat reforms and in connection with the foundation of the Grand Rabbinate in 1835, the changes brought to communal administration, and adjustments on taxes paid to the Ottoman state. The fire of 1845 that totally destroyed the Jewish quarter, and its aftermath will be discussed in the last part, thus ending the thesis.
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McCready, Richard Blake. "The social and political impact of the Irish in Dundee, c. 1845-1922". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274060.
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Meyer, Maisie J. "The Sephardi Jewish community of Shanghai 1845-1939 and the question of identity". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284296.
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Dunn, Nicholas Roger. "The castle, the custom house and the cabinet : administration and policy in famine Ireland, 1845-1849". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e2df9d8d-27b3-4785-afce-453ec8984d21.
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It is the contention of this thesis that the activities of, and the influences on, the senior administrators based in the Castle and the Custom House in Dublin during the Great Irish Famine are an essential element to understanding the formulation and execution of Irish Famine relief policy. The principal aim of the study is to articulate the role played by these administrators in the formulation of relief policy. Emphasis is also given to the debates in the Cabinet over Irish relief policy and the influence of the administrators on those debates. The subject of the first chapter is the Science Commission. It examines in turn Peel's motivations for establishing the Science Commission, the chronology of events leading up to its establishment and the activities of the Commissioners both in England and Ireland. The second chapter concerns the Scarcity Commission established by Peel and Graham. It explores the motivations behind the selection of individual Commissioners and the relationships between the Commissioners. It also considers and contrasts the tasks that were officially assigned to the Commissioners and the limited use to which their conclusions were put by the Government. Chapters three and four deal with the Board of Works and in particular its influence on the formulation and administration of relief policy of Richard Griffith, Thomas Larcom, and Harry Jones. The activities of the Commissioners after the reconfiguration of the Board of Works by Act of Parliament in 1846 are examined and the fourth chapter seeks to establish in detail the political context surrounding-the decision to abandon relief by public employment as revealed in the Cabinet discussions at the time. The final chapter examines the actions of Edward Twisleton in Ireland during the Famine and his influence, or lack of it, on the formulation of relief policy. A detailed account is offered of the political context of the Poor Law Extension Act. Twisleton's relationships with both the Treasury and Clarendon, and the motives underlying his resignation in March 1849, are investigated.
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Jorgensen, Lynne Watkins. "The First London Mormons: 1840-1845: "What Am I and My Brethren Here For?"". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1988. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTGM,19184.
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Shepherd, Verene Albertha. "Pens and pen-keepers in a plantation society : aspects of Jamaican social and economic history, 1740-1845". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272366.
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Fenyo, Krisztina. "Contempt, sympathy and romance : lowland perceptions of the Highlands and the clearances during the famine years, 1845-1855". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/842/.
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This thesis examines Lowland public opinion towards the Highlanders in mid-nineteenth century Scotland. It explores attitudes present in the contemporary newspaper press, and shows that public opinion was divided by three basic perceptions: 'contempt', 'sympathy' and 'romance'. An analysis of the main newspaper files demonstrates that during the Famine years up to the Crimean War, the most prevalent perception was that of contempt, regarding the Gaels as an 'inferior' and often 'useless' race. The study also describes the battle which sympathetic journalists fought against this majority perception, and shows their disillusionment at what they saw at the time was a hopeless struggle. Within the same period, romanticised views are also examined in the light of how the Highlands were increasingly being turned into an aristocractic playground as well as reservation park for tourists, and a theme for pre-'Celtic Twilight' poets and novelists. Through the examination of various attitudes in the press, the thesis also presents the major issues debated in the newspapers relating to the Highlands. It draws attention to the fact that the question of land had already become a point of contention, thirty years before the 1880s land reform movement. The study concludes that in all the three sections of public opinion expressed in the press the Highlanders were seen as essentially a different race from the Lowlanders. This thesis aims to work within the so far unexplored field of newspaper materials in the mid-nineteenth century, showing the uniqueness, power and richness of these sources for the evaluation of the range of Scottish public opinion. (DXN008,523)
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Neves, Selma Cosso. "D. D. Palmer (1845-1913) e as origens da quiropraxia no século XIX". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19677.
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The aim of the present study is to investigate the context and some of the main sources resulting in Daniel David Palmer’s (1845-1913) formulation of chiropractic. Born in Canada, Palmer moved to the United States after the end of the Civil War, a period characterized by severe poverty. The precarious conditions extended also to medicine favoring the development of non-conventional practices, such as Thomson and magnetic therapy, in addition to homeopathic medicine, which had a strong presence in this period. Palmer met Paul Caster (1827-1881), a practitioner of magnetic therapy who treated patients without drugs, but through manipulation only. Interested in Caster’s successful methods Palmer became his disciple and worked for nine years with him. Palmer further founded a small journal, The Magnetic Cure, which served to divulgate his ideas on magnetic therapy. At the same time, strong hints indicate that Palmer devoted himself to a more thorough study of anatomy and physiology, including other sources, as e.g. osteopathy. Palmer finally presented his own healing method in 1895, which he called chiropractic. Also chiropractic dismissed pharmacological treatment, being that diseases were attributed to spine misalignment resulting in compression of nerves and blockade of the vital nervous flow. Many of the reasons that led Palmer to formulate chiropractic are poorly understood and are signaled out and analyzed in the present study
O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar o contexto e algumas das principais fontes que levaram Daniel David Palmer (1845-1913) a desenvolver a quiropraxia. Nascido em território canadense, Palmer mudou-se para os Estados Unidos após o termino da guerra civil, período em que o país sofreu um forte empobrecimento. Essa precariedade também atingiu a medicina, facilitando o estabelecimento de práticas não convencionais, como as terapias tonsoniana e magnética, além da medicina homeopática, que tinha grande presença. Durante esse período, Palmer conheceu um terapeuta magnético chamado Paul Caster (1827-1881), que tratava dos enfermos, sem usar medicamento, apenas com manipulação. Interessado nos métodos bem-sucedidos de Caster, Palmer tornou-se seu discípulo e com ele trabalhou por nove anos. Ainda nessa época, Palmer fundou o pequeno jornal The Magnetic Cure, no qual passou a divulgar suas ideias e práticas em terapia magnética. Mas, tudo indica que, enquanto isso, Palmer teria começado a estudar anatomia e fisiologia mais profundamente, assimilando novas fontes, como as provenientes da osteopatia. Finalmente, em 1895, Palmer apresentou seu próprio método de cura, a que deu nome de quiropraxia. Esse novo método mantinha a cura das enfermidades sem o uso de medicamentos, e passava a creditar a causa das mesmas ao desalinhamento vertebral que pinçaria os nervos e impediria a passagem do fluxo nervoso vital. Todavia, muitos dos pontos que levaram Palmer ao desenvolvimento da quiropraxia continuam pouco ou mal esclarecidos, gerando questões que serão apontadas e, na medida do possível, elucidada ao longo de nosso estudo
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Keljik, Jonathan. "Erin's inheritance| Irish-American children, ethnic identity, and the meaning of being irish, 1845-1890". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3613991.
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This dissertation explores the concerns and discussions about lessons of Irish identity for the children of Irish immigrants in mid to late nineteenth-century New York and New England. The author argues that there were recurrent efforts to maintain Irish identity by ensuring the young would understand their Irish and Catholic heritage and that adults often based this identity on the themes of Irish nationalism. Yet Irish-Americans understood that they had to demonstrate Irish loyalty to the United States, so they attempted to blend Irish and American identities in their progeny, articulating an early vision of cultural pluralism for American society. This research contributes to understandings of the invention of ethnicity and ethnic endurance in the United States and how immigrants use conceptions of the meaning of "American" with their national backgrounds as they create identities for their descendants. This dissertation also illuminates the importance of children and ideas about childhood to the development of ethnicity in the United States. But it also has broader meanings for the ways in which religion, ethnicity, and nationality affect the transition of immigrant progeny from the world of their parents to that of the United States and how the children of immigrants eventually become American ethnic groups.
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Johnson, Randy Lynn. "A history of Disciples of Christ in Carroll and Grayson counties Virginia, 1845-1995". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Clapson, Mark. "Popular gambling and English culture, c.1845 to 1961". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1989. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2825/.
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The years 1853 to 1960 constituted a period of prohibition for off-course cash betting on horses. Despite this, and in the face of a vocal anti-gambling lobby, the working-class flutter flourished as the basis of a commercialised betting market. Over this period, gambling changed from the informal wagering between friends and associates which characterised pre-industrial society, to the commercialised forms, supplied by bookmakers and leisure entrepreneurs, in which, ostensibly, the punters were mere passive consumers. By 1939, the three most popular forms of gambling were off-course betting on horses, the football pools, and betting at greyhound tracks. Beyond this was a hinterland of friendly but competitive petty gaming with coins and cards, and on local sports, which remained relatively untouched by commercialisation. A study of popular gambling tells us much about the relationship of the state to working-class recreation, and about the nature of working-class recreation itself. The unifying theme of this thesis is that the predominant forms of betting which had developed by 1960 were a testament to the moderation and self-determination of working-class leisure. Betting had become central to a shared national culture which defined itself only apolitically in class terms, and more in terms of `sportsman' or punter versus `faddist'. Those who berated gambling were un-English. The law was ignored by those who enjoyed, as they saw it, a harmless flutter. The state eventually came round to this viewpoint.
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Roper, Geoffrey. "Arabic printing in Malta 1825-1845 : its history and its place in the development of print culture in the Arab Middle East". Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1550/.
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Herranz, Loncán Alfonso. "Infrastructure and economic growth in Spain: 1845-1935". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586315.
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This thesis analyses the impact of infrastructure on Spanish economic growth during the period 1845-1935. It is aimed at overcoming two shortcomings that have characterised historians’ interpretations on the subject so far. Firstly, it adopts an aggregate approach, as opposed to most previous analyses, which focused on only one type of asset. Secondly, it offers some answers to the main ongoing debate on the matter, i.e. the conflict between the high social saving of Spanish railways and the apparent failure of the railway system, as reflected in the results of the private companies.
The thesis describes the evolution of infrastructure investment over the period and shows the prominent role of railways at least until 1895. The establishment of the railway network in a relatively short period of time was the most outstanding event in the process of infrastructure construction and gave an intense boost to the Spanish infrastructure endowment.
The thesis also shows that infrastructure was relatively scarce in Spain compared to other European countries. However, despite that scarcity, the response of the economy to infrastructure increases was sluggish. Apparently, although infrastructure was essential for Spanish industrialisation, the country was very slow to adapt to new conditions, due to the presence of serious constraints in other areas of the economy. These results are confirmed by the analysis of railways, as the economic impact of the Spanish railway network seems to have been very high, but to have taken a long time to be reached. In addition, the thesis also indicates that the underdevelopment of the Spanish institutions precluded adequate regulation of railway construction and operation. As a consequence, the situation of railway companies was always critical and their ability to offer an adequate service was limited. These findings shed some light on the debate on the economic role of Spanish railways.
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Stokes, Michele Victoria. "A measure of the elite : a history of medical practitioners in Harley Street, 1845-1914". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383587/.
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Though Harley Street has been viewed as the provenance of the medical elite in Britain, no attempt has been made to systematically examine this elite in its historical context or to consider the veracity of this view. Hence, this thesis reconstructs the totality of all the male (n = 657) and female (n = 24) medical practitioners who arrived in Harley Street from 1845-1914 by undertaking a prosopographical analysis and contextualising the historical background in which they lived and worked. Over the course of the nineteenth century, Harley Street became a progressively more fashionable choice for medical practitioners wishing to establish a practice in London and in most cases, this address represented the pinnacle of their career trajectory. It is argued here that an elite medical enclave did, indeed, establish itself in this geographical area during the period. The group's reputation was assessed through their medical qualifications, scholarships, prizes, teaching and hospital posts, publications, public lectures and their role in medical societies. Harley Street medical practitioners differed from other London medical practitioners because they published more material (85 of the cohort in general and 93 percent of the cohort who qualified MD published their work, in contrast to up to 50 per cent of London medical practitioners), had more prestigious qualifications (86 per cent were qualified MD, MB, FRCP, FRCS or MRCP in contrast to approximately 25 per cent in Greater London), were members of medical societies (almost 90 per cent of the cohort in contrast to between 40 and 50 per cent of GPs in Britain), created new medical specialities, established specialist hospitals, took prominent roles in medical societies and delivered renowned public lectures that were published in the main medical journals. Moreover, this group wielded considerable collective editorial control in a wide range of medical publications. Hence, their efforts greatly facilitated the professionalisation of medicine in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through their senior hospital and teaching posts the cohort had an important influence on the next generation of medical practitioners, as these connections were crucial in attracting new medical practitioners to the Street. This thesis, therefore, determines whether Harley Street can be regarded as a measure of the medical elite.
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Pugliesi, Lucas Bento. "Um esforço contra o futuro: poética e política nos periódicos da Faculdade de Direito do Largo São Francisco, 1845-1855". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8149/tde-27022019-135502/.
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O presente trabalho se propõe como uma análise detida da plêiade de textos que circularam nos periódicos acadêmicos O acayaba, Ensaios Literários, Ensaios Literários do Ateneu Paulistano e Revista Mensal do Ensaio Filosófico, todos publicados entre 1845-1855. A partir do viés da literatura, intentou-se iluminar o corpus em vias de se delinear o objeto: as discussões polêmicas acerca de propostas poéticas e políticas que se imiscuíram, àquela altura, às discussões de um projeto nacional. Evadindo os painés históricos intepretativos, preferiu-se uma abordagem mais aproximada dos textos, de modo a possibilitar a exploração da densidade de tais temas, discutindo assim questões pertinentes de filosofia da história, estética e retórica que despontam da argumentação presente no corpus. Espera-se que no processo, tenha-se contribuído ainda que minimamente para as discussões acerca do romantismo, evidenciando algumas das diversas tendências intelectuais defendidas por uma mesma geração romântica. Entre as linhas de força analisadas estão a permanência do conceito teísta de Providência Divina, no que tange a filosofia da história, assim como a recepção das modernas teses de extração iluminista (ou contra-iluminista); as interpretações sobre a história nacional, a construção da identidade e do cânone; as incorporações da estética romântica europeia, assim como à resistência a ela por via da longa duração da retórica grecolatina a propor certa desconfiança em relação à modernidade vindoura. Ao cabo, intentou-se demonstrar como fatores tais quais a lógica do mecenato imperial por um lado, a precariedade do sistema literário por outro e ainda, a especificidade da lógica comunitária dos românticos universitários acabaram por produzir um locus único e plural de reflexão no âmbito da história e da estética.The present dissertation proposes an analysis of a myriad of texts that circulated in the academic journals O acayaba, Ensaios Literários, Ensaios Literários do Ateneu Paulistano and Revista Mensal do Ensaio Filosófico, all published between 1845-1855. From the bias of literature, weve tried to illuminate the corpus in the process of delineating the object: the controversial discussions about poetic and political proposals that at that time were involved in the discussions of a national project. Against historical interpretive panels, a closer approximation of texts was preferred, in order to explore the density of such themes, thus discussing pertinent questions of philosophy of history, aesthetics, and rhetoric emerging from the arguments in the corpus. We hope that in the process, it has contributed even minimally to the discussions about brazilian romanticism, highlighting some of the various intellectual tendencies advocated by the same romantic generation. Among the guidelines analyzed are the permanence of the theistic concept of Divine Providence, as regards the philosophy of history, as well as the reception of modern Enlightenment (or counterenlightenment) theses; interpretations on national history, the construction of identity and the canon; the incorporation of European Romantic aesthetics, as well as resistance to it through the long duration of Greco-Latin rhetoric, thous proposing certain mistrust on the future modernity. At last, weve tried to demonstrate how factors such as the logic of imperial patronage on the one hand, the precariousness of the literary system on the other, and also the specificity of the community logic of university students ended up producing a unique and plural locus of reflection in the scope history and aesthetics.
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Fenwick, Richard David. "The Free Church of England, otherwise called the Reformed Episcopal Church, c.1845 to c.1927". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683131.
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Faithfull, Pamela. "An evaluation of an eccentric : Mathew Allen MD, chemical philosopher, phrenologist, pedagogue and mad-doctor, 1783-1845". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14468/.
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This thesis re-evaluates the early nineteenth-century treatment of insanity and evaluates, for the first time, the work amongst the insane of Matthew Allen MD. It is written in the form of a biography, the primary source of which is the unpublished manuscript Memoirs of Oswald Allen held in the York Reference Library. Other relevant documents and letters have been found in the Essex County Record Office and in archives in Lincoln, Northampton, Dundee, York and Holborn. A variety of literary sources in libraries across the country and books which Allen wrote have been used. The thesis is eight chapters in length and divided into four chronological parts. It contributes to the history of psychiatry at an important, but often neglected, period and provides details of a man whose name has been previously known only because of his connection with major literary figures. For the first time information is brought together to reveal his contribution to the treatment of the insane and his involvement with other aspects of culture. He is revealed as a pioneer rather than a genius. He sought for causes of insanity and effective counteractions and showed his increasing belief in psychological over physical causes. He maintained faith in the efficacy of Moral Treatment even when under pressure from his colleagues to focus on other stratagems. Allen's childhood and youth were affected by an obscure religious sect. His personality was deeply flawed. He was gaoled twice and suffered two bankruptcies. He nearly cured one poet while bringing another to the verge of mental collapse. His personal struggles aided his understanding of insanity but finally led to his own professional downfall. The conclusion is that the principles for which he stood in treating the insane were early, but genuine, precursors to modern psychiatric practice, often obscured by later nineteenth-century attitudes and treatments.
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Di, Rocco Samuel II. "In the Shadow of Steel: Leetonia, Ohio and Independent Iron Manufacturers in the Mahoning and Shenango Valleys, 1845-1920". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1353076198.
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Santos, Martha Sofia. ""Sertoes temerosos (menacing backlands)": Honor, gender, and violence in a changing world. Ceara, Brazil, 1845-1889". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280647.
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This dissertation examines the intersections between honor, violence and social change in the construction of masculine identities among the poor free inhabitants of the semiarid sertao (or backlands) of the Brazilian Northeastern province of Ceara between 1845 and 1889. Calling into question the enduring representation of the sertanejos (or backlanders) as conditioned by a timeless culture to violently defend their honor, this study demonstrates that backlands' notions of honorable manhood and a violent type of masculinity during this period were defined through a complex interaction between social, economic and political transformations, exacerbation of violence as well as cultural concepts of honor. Between 1845 and the mid 1860s, changes in landholding patterns allowed many sertanejos access to land and the ability to participate in the expanding agricultural and cattle-ranching economies of the province. As small farmers and ranchers, sertanejos articulated a notion of masculine honor that was linked to their autonomy in their economic activities, ability to provide for their families, and patriarchal control of women at home. Beginning in the mid 1860s, a new series of social-economic transformations disrupted the small farmers' and ranchers' fragile survival system, exercised great pressure on social relations, and exacerbated masculine violence. Indeed, violence became the primary means through which increasingly dislocated sertanejos attempted to solve a variety of conflicts ranging from defending resources to earning a livelihood. In this context, masculine honor became more closely linked with violence. Poor young men who were unable to establish their honor through other means turned to violence as a way to assert their manhood. Men cast their acts of aggression against an increasingly visible group of autonomous women who lived outside of male control as an attempt to reestablish a patriarchal order and, thereby, secure their honor. The process of Imperial State formation in the backlands was another significant factor in the normalization of a notion of honor that was contingent on a capacity for violence. Between 1850 and 1889, the expansion of institutions of social control that relied on armed sertanejos as agents of the State intensified violent conflict and contributed to the incitement of violent masculinities among the poor.
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Nott, Michael J. "Photopoetry : a critical history of collaborations between poets and photographers in the Anglophone world, 1845-2015". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7811.
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This thesis examines the history of collaborations between poets and photographers in the Anglophone world, from 1845 to 2015, and argues for a new form of art distinct from the photobook. It identifies a new body of work, ‘photopoetry', and develops this discovery into a critical exegesis of its forms and potentials. Proceeding chronologically, this thesis explores photopoetic history from its nineteenth-century roots to modern-day collaborations between renowned poets and photographers. Chapter I examines early experiments in photopoetic form, including scrapbooks and stereographs, and identifies two thematic trends characterising photopoetic history to the present day: the picturesque and the theatrical. The second chapter focuses on the identity politics of photopoetic books in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, exploring how the relationship between poem and photograph can both perpetuate and subvert representations of the objectified other, from British India to the American South. Chapter III theorises Imagism from a photographic perspective, examining how, in the absence of any discernibly modernist photopoetry book, the most important dialogue between poem and photograph was enacted within Imagist verse. It proceeds to examine the introduction of urban environments into early-to-mid-twentieth-century photopoetry. Chapter IV analyses the reinterpretation of photopoetic topography in mid-to-late-twentieth-century collaborations, exploring how picturesque landscapes in nineteenth-century photopoetry were reinvented as immersive environments that echoed the rise of photopoetic co-authorship and the development of more symbiotic, less literal photopoetic relationships. The fifth chapter expands upon ideas analysed in Chapter IV, arguing how, in narrowing both poetic and photographic focus to objects rather than picturesque vistas, twenty-first-century photopoetry encourages a non-linear approach to reading and viewing, abandoning the ‘journey' paradigm of earlier photopoetry. Overall, this thesis represents the first book-length history of photopoetry, and expounds both a new area of analysis for scholars of text and image, and a new critical discourse for such analyses.
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Day, Jerome Joseph. "An analysis of Irish famine texts, 1845-2000 : the discursive uses of hunger". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37883.
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The Great Famine (1845--1852) was not only a catastrophic moment in Irish history, it was and remains an important source of textual production, particularly in regard to literature and drama. These cultural products carry a powerful discourse used to communicate various social and political agendas. From the beginning, Irish novelists, poets and dramatists have confronted the question of the Famine's meaning then and now. At each historical moment, they have interrogated the Famine and have employed various discursive strategies to communicate to their readers and audiences.This dissertation makes four primary claims: (a) The historical Irish Famine has remained a source of discursive activity by Irish writers, and so constitutes a phenomenon that merits communication research; (b) This discursive content constructs the Famine in ways that communicate its meaning for contemporary readers in successive historical periods; (c) The multiple discursive meanings of the Famine are often contradictory, and demonstrate the conflicting socio-cultural and political goals of both writers and their readerships; and (d) The emergence and evolution of Famine discourse, which consistently recruits pre-existing discourses, provides an important site for examination of the communicational function of imaginative literature and drama.
A survey of Famine literature and drama reveals inconsistent patterns of textual production and discursive content. By determining the historical periods of Famine literary and dramatic production, and by analyzing the contextual dimensions and textual features of representative works, the reasons behind periods of high and low output, the purposes of discursive maintenance and manipulation and the relationship between literary and dramatic discourse and readerships can be approached. To undertake this analysis, five central tropes---land, national identity, religion, gender and agency---are employed. These themes are multi-layered and mutually implicated both on the level of textual production and consumption, that is, in their writing and in their reading/viewing. These tropes have been employed in and through the communicational perspectives of several thinkers, notably Pierre Bourdieu and Teun van Dijk.
Termed an Gorta Mor in the Irish language, the Famine dramatically altered Ireland's social, economic and political fabric, triggered massive emigration to America, Britain and Canada, and etched itself into the Irish psyche as an enduring, if frequently repressed, moment of trauma. As such, a study of its role in communication, in human meaning-making, can illuminate not only Irish experience but the human capacity to tell a bitter, painful story, for specific ends, by remembering and manipulating its elements and to use that story as tool in achieving social and political goals, and in obtaining or maintaining power.
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Reginato, Juliano da Cunha. "A produção fotográfica da Exposição do Centenário Farroupilha = visualidades de um evento". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/282032.
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Orientador: Iara Lis Franco SchiavinattoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação estuda a produção fotográfica da Exposição do Centenário Farroupilha realizada em Porto Alegre durante as comemorações do primeiro centenário da Revolução Farroupilha de 1835. Distribuída em catálogos, álbuns, relatórios, cartões-postais e na imprensa tal produção teceu uma narrativa visual para ser consumida durante e após a realização do evento. No intuito de dinamizar a análise das imagens nessas fontes, foram construídas séries fotográficas que levaram em conta os seus aspectos temáticos, bem como as opções formais usadas pelos fotógrafos na sua produção. Entre os temas recorrentes das fotografias estiveram: a arquitetura monumental dos pavilhões, as solenidades e personalidades políticas, os stands e as vistas do complexo expositivo. Essa identificação temática ajudou na elaboração de "padrões" visuais que estiveram diretamente relacionados à propaganda econômica e política do Rio Grande do Sul e à manutenção da imagem de seus governantes, principalmente do governador Flores da Cunha. Não obstante, combinando a análise das séries com as narrativas visuais de alguns catálogos e relatórios é possível apontar o uso da fotografia como elemento capaz de patrimonializar o evento e, por conseguinte, agir como construtor de sua memória
Abstract: This work aims to study the photographical production of the Farroupilha Centennial Exhibit held in Porto Alegre as a celebration of the 100th anniversary of the 1835 Farroupilha Revolution. Organized in catalogs, albums, reports, postcards and press material, the whole photographic production served as material to be utilized not even during the event but afterwards as a way to promote the city and the state. Photographical series were constructed around specific themes and the formal options made by the photographers themselves as a way to make the analysis of the photos more dynamic. Among the recurring themes were the monumental architecture of the pavilions, political personalities, the stands, and the views of the exhibit. This thematic identification helped on the elaboration of visual 'patterns' that were intrinsically related to economic and political propaganda in Rio Grande do Sul. As well as the maintenance of the images of its authorities especially its governor Flores da Cunha. The analysis of the photographical series and the visual narratives contained in some catalogs and reports was a way of turning the event into a patrimony consolidating its memory
Mestrado
Politica, Memoria e Cidade
Mestre em História
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Moyer, Paul Benjamin. "A Riot of Devils: Indian Imagery and Popular Protest in the Northeastern Backcountry, 1760-1845". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625915.
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Black, Elizabeth Leslie. "Older people in Scotland : family, work and retirement and the Welfare State from 1845 to 1999". Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/561.
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Carpenter, Diane Teresa. "Above all a patient should never be terrified : an examination of mental health care and treatment in Hampshire 1845-1914". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/above-all-a-patient-should-never-be-terrified(0243b2b8-ece6-42ea-88f0-b58a1170ef96).html.
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Challenging significant historiography this study argues that the period 1845-1914 was a time in which to have been in receipt of the care of county lunatic asylums was substantially preferable to the alternatives for the local poor and mad, suggesting wider studies might show the same for other parts of England. Case examples are provided from the close research of two pauper lunatic asylums built in Hampshire during the period. Underpinning these is a methodology which synthesises an ‘alltagsgeschichte’ deriving from the Annales School with medical and local history. The research follows a metaphorical patient-journey beginning with the pre-patient stage when policy enforced the building of county lunatic asylums, examining the concept of architecture for sanity as well as local reaction to the building programme. It has identified a novel perspective for our understanding of the loci of control responsible for translating ideology into the physical structure of the asylum. Patient assessment and the asylum admission process are critically reviewed, and the identification of the symptoms of insanity as well as contemporary beliefs about aetiology are interrogated. Medicalization of aberrant behaviour and the early attempts at classification and diagnosis are subsequently analyzed. Significant differences in causes for and forms of disorder were revealed between rural and urban populations, contributing new knowledge. An important question, which hitherto has been incompletely addressed, is the extent to which insanity had risen to epidemic proportions. This study comprehensively evaluates local evidence to conclude that it had not. The medical and physical treatments prescribed are scrutinized and eliminated as contributing to the recovery rate whereas the dominant method of intervention, the dual approach of moral treatment and management was found to be significantly successful as curative or palliative. The roles of the staff in contributing to the comfort and welfare of patients are examined within the spirit of policy, legislation and developing scientific knowledge.
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Osborn, Kyle N. ""Bondage or Barbarism," Parson Brownlow and the Rhetoric of Racism in East Tennessee, 1845-1867". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2111.
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This study analyzes the rhetoric of William "Parson" Brownlow during the Civil War era. Within the pages of the Whig, Brownlow's famous newspaper, he created a fixed image of African Americans. Brownlow argued that when removed from slavery, people of African descent naturally became barbaric, and thus slavery was needed to ensure the safety of the white population. Despite this consistency in racial thought, Brownlow, through the course of the 1850s shifted from defending slavery as a necessary evil to promoting slavery as an unqualified blessing in the years before the Civil War. Furthermore, during Brownlow's governorship of Tennessee during Reconstruction, Brownlow argued that slavery was economically deleterious to poor white farmers. These findings have important implications for the history of Appalachia. Most specifically, Brownlow's racist rhetoric suggests that race perceptions in East Tennessee were not significantly separable from the race sentiments of the larger South.
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Hamill, Ann T. "Two Moral Universes: The Social Problem of the Idiots from 1845 to 1855 and Mentally Retarded Sons and Daughters from 1945 to 1955". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1224774073.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisor: Annulla Linders Dr. (Committee Chair), Rhys Williams Dr. (Committee Member), Paula Dubeck Dr. (Committee Member), David Lundgren Dr. (Other). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb. 11, 2009). Keywords: social problems; social construction; idiocy; mental retardation; institutionalization; deinstitutionalization; parents' movement; historical-comparative. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ruminski, Clayton J. "Iron Valley: Transition and Evolution of Merchant Iron Producers in the Youngstown District, 1845-1967". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1370003488.
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Eriksson, Johansson Linnéa. "Skrivet i stickningen : Om social status i stickbeskrivningar från 1838 till 1845". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kultur och estetik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150626.
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Uppsatsen undersökte handstickningens sociala status under åren 1838–1845 via stickhandböcker som publicerades kring de brittiska öarna under den nämnda tiden. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ textanalys av totalt 5 olika stickböcker och författare. Syftet var att utröna stickningens sociala status med hjälp av stickböckernas tilltänkta målgrupp, författarnas egna noteringar om stickningen, stickbeskrivningarnas inriktning och materialanvändningen för framförandet av stickbeskrivningarna. Resultatet blev att handböckerna riktade sig till de övre klasserna av samhället och framförallt var målgruppen för böckerna kvinnor. Materialanvändningen i handböckerna visade till största del på exklusiva material och stickbeskrivningar var ofta dekorativa. Stickningen blev klassat högt i status under tiden, inom den kvinnliga sfären, då utförandet av tekniken sågs som en fritidssysselsättning och ansågs som ett värdigt utförande för damer.
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Pilarczyk, Ian C. "The law of servants and the servants of law, judicial regulation of labour relations in Montreal, 1830-1845". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50959.pdf.
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Coleman, Kenneth Robert. ""Dangerous Subjects": James D. Saules and the Enforcement of the Color Line in Oregon". PDXScholar, 2014. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1845.
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In June of 1844, James D. Saules, a black sailor turned farmer living in Oregon's Willamette Valley, was arrested and convicted for allegedly inciting Indians to violence against a settler named Charles E. Pickett. Three years earlier, Saules had deserted the United States Exploring Expedition, married a Chinookan woman, and started a freight business on the Columbia River. Less than two months following Saules' arrest, Oregon's Provisional Government passed its infamous "Lash Law," banning the immigration of free black people to the region. While the government repealed the law in 1845, Oregon passed a territorial black exclusion law in 1849 and included a black exclusion clause in its 1857 state constitution. Oregon's territorial delegate also convinced the U.S. Congress to exclude black people from the 1850 Donation Land Act. In each case, Oregon politicians suggested the legacy of the Saules case by stressing the need to prevent black men, particularly sailors, from coming to Oregon and collaborating with local indigenous groups to commit acts of violence against white settlers.
This thesis explains the unusual persistence of black exclusion laws in Oregon by focusing on the life of Saules, both before and after white American settlers came to the region in large numbers. Black exclusion in Oregon was neither an anomalous byproduct of American expansion nor a means to prevent slavery from taking root in the region. Instead, racial exclusion was central to the land-centered settler colonial project in the Pacific Northwest. Prior to the Americanization of the Pacific Northwest, the region was home to a cosmopolitan and increasingly fluid culture that incorporated various local Native groups, exogenous fur industry workers, and missionaries. This was a milieu made possible by colonialism and the rise of merchant capitalism during the Age of Sail, a period which lasted from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. This was also likely a world very familiar to Saules, who had spent his entire adult life aboard ships and in various seaports. However, the American immigrants who began arriving in Oregon in the early 1840s sought to dismantle this multiethnic social order, privatize land, and create a homogenous settler society based on classical republican principles. And although Saules was born in the United States, American settlers, emboldened by a racialist ideology, denied most non-whites a place in their settler society. Furthermore, during the early decades of resettlement, white American settlers often felt vulnerable to attacks from the preexisting population. Therefore, many settlers viewed free black men like Saules, a worldly sailor with connections among Native people, as potential threats to the security of their nascent communities.
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McMurry, Philip Martin. "Dissertation Proposal: Civilian Education and the Preparation for Service and Leadership in Antebellum America, 1845 – 1860". [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1246996585.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009-07-09.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed March 5, 2010). Advisor: Jon Wakelyn. Keywords: education; Civil War; leadership; antebellum. Includes bibliographical references (p. 262-276).
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Françoia, Juarez. "Senhores de escravos = trajetorias, disputas e solidariedade no Oeste Paulista, 1845-1880". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279292.
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Orientador: Robert W. SlenesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O presente trabalho enfoca a elite agrária e senhorial do Oeste Paulista durante a segunda metade do século XIX, especialmente sua vida cotidiana e suas relações sociais solidárias e divergentes no meio de seus pares e com outros agentes sociais. Após definir, como objeto de estudo, um grupo específico de grandes senhores de escravos, analisei, primeiro, a importância das estratégias matrimoniais como pressuposto básico para a ascensão socioeconômica, o fortalecimento do poder político e a reafirmação de status perante os pares. Em seguida, a partir de uma análise de inventários post-mortem foi possível compreender as preferências de investimento da elite local e suas mudanças no tempo. A "riqueza nova", como imóveis, ações, títulos bancários, dívidas ativas, entre outros, não substituiu os investimentos em escravos por parte da elite a partir no início da década de 1870, como apontado por alguns autores. Ao contrario, o investimento em escravos continuou numa proporção crescente em relação aos demais ativos até 1884. Procurei demonstrar também, que a Lei de terras de 1850 não barrou a ocupação de terras devolutas e muito menos pôs fim aos litígios pela terra entre os membros do grupo dominante. Os conflitos pela terra eram resolvidos localmente, sendo, nesse sentido, fundamental os vínculos de fidelidade e solidariedade entre as partes envolvidas, com os homens da justiça. Nessa situação ficou evidente que os conflitos políticos e pessoais entre os membros da elite foram gradativamente minando o poder senhorial, pois muitos escravos, principalmente urbanos, souberam de alguma forma tirar proveitos das rixas e intrigas que ocorriam no universo senhorial, delineando estratégias de liberdade e reivindicando melhores condições sociais
Abstract: This study focuses on the landed and slaveholding elite of western São Paulo during the second half of the nineteenth century, especially their daily life and their relationships of solidarity and divergence among their peers and with other social agents. After defining, as my object of study, a specific group of large slaveholders, I analyzed the importance of marriage strategies among this group as a necessary point of departure for obtaining socioeconomic mobility, strengthening political power, and reaffirming status before their peers. Then, from an analysis of probate records, it was possible to understand the investment preferences of this local elite and their changes over time. The "new wealth", such as real estate, stocks and bonds, investments in banks, interest income from loans, etc, does not replace the elite's investment in slaves beginning in the early 1870s, as has been argued by some authors. In fact, the investment in slaves continued to grow in relation to other assets until 1884. I also showed that the Land Law of 1850 did not bar the occupation of public land, much less put an end to boundary disputes between members of the dominant group. Conflicts over land were resolved before local judges, with outcomes based largely on the links of loyalty and solidarity between the parties involved. In this situation it became clear that the political and personal conflicts between members of the elite were gradually undermining seigneurial power, since many slaves, mostly urban ones, somehow found ways to take advantage of the feuds and intrigues in their masters' world to formulate strategies for freedom and demand better social conditions
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História
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Moriarty, Esther Maria. "The Great Famine : an Irish tragedy and its impact on the English town of Huddersfield from 1845-1861". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2010. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/8802/.
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Le, Couteur Howard Philip. "Brisbane Anglicans: 1842-1875". Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/19809.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Department of Modern History, 2007.Bibliography: leaves 426-449.
Introduction -- Founding a colonial settler society with 'the blessing of nobleman and parson' -- Exporting gentry values: Brisbane's first Anglican bishop -- A clerical caste? A different kind of gentleman? Clergy and their wives -- In their place: being English and being Anglican in early Queensland -- Brisbane Anglicans: a socio-economic profile -- Women's business: domesticity and upholding the faith -- Men's business: the public face of the Church -- Beyond one man's power: Anglican parish life -- Establishing a synod for the diocese -- Conclusion.
The mid-nineteenth century was marked by a rapid expansion of the Church of England throughout the British Empire, much of the impetus coming from missionary societies and ecclesiastical and political elites in England. In particular, High Churchmen promoted the extension of the episcopate to provide the colonies with a complete Anglican polity, and in an effort to transmit to the colony something of the Anglican/English culture they valued. The means used were the Colonial Bishoprics Fund (CBF) and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG), both of which were supported by a Tory paternalist elite in England. This study concerns the foundation of the Diocese of Brisbane in 1859, which was a part of this expansion, and which was effected during the brief Tory administration of Lord Derby. It is unsurprising then, that the first Bishop of Brisbane, the Right Reverend E.W. Tufnell, came from the Tory High Church tradition. The clergy he took to the diocese were of a similar theological and social outlook.--The period from the proclamation of free settlement in the Moreton Bay District in 1842 to the departure of the bishop for retirement in England in 1874, was a period of rapid population growth, immigrants arriving mainly from Britain and Ireland. The policy of the imperial government was to try to balance the emigration from Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales in proportion to their population and religious denomination. This meant that Anglicans were not as strongly represented in the colonial population as in England; emigrants from the other three countries being much less likely to be Anglicans. The bulk of those arriving in Queensland were working class or petit bourgeois, so consequently the socio-economic structure of Anglicanism in Queensland did not reflect that in England. Moreover, by the time the first Anglican bishop arrived in Brisbane, all state support for religious purposes was withdrawn. The Church of England in Queensland had to adapt to these significant differences of context.--Drawing on parish and diocesan records, the records of SPG, CBF and other organisations in England, personal documents (diaries and letters) and newspapers, this survey of Anglicanism in Brisbane diocese in the early colonial period, charts some of the ways Anglicans devised to create a distinctively Anglican community. The gendered roles of Anglican men and women; the various ways in which parishes came into being, were administered and financed; and the creation of a diocesan synod all bear testimony to the adaptability of Anglicans to their colonial context. Though the framework of this study is provided by the institutional church, diocesan records are sparse, and much of the content concerns the Anglican laity. This has provided an opportunity to explore heretofore neglected aspects of Anglicanism. It is a small beginning in the writing of a 'bottom-up' history of the Anglican Church in Australia.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
vi, 449 leaves ill