Bibliografias temáticas / Household employees

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Household employees"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Household employees"

Swaffield, Jo, Carolyn Snell, Becky Tunstall e Jonathan Bradshaw. "An Evaluation of the Living Wage: Identifying Pathways Out of In-Work Poverty". Social Policy and Society 17, n.º 3 (8 de maio de 2017): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746417000136.

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This article reports the results of a case study on the introduction of the living wage. Three employers in the City of York became living wage employers. Using data derived from a sample survey of their employees and qualitative interviews, this article explores what impact the receipt of the living wage had on poverty and deprivation. It found that not all living wage employees were income poor or deprived, although those on living wage rates were more likely to be poor and deprived than those on even higher wages. The more important determinant of the employees’ living standards was the household they lived in, and there were a high proportion of living wage employees living in multi-unit households. Also important were the number of earners in the household and the hours worked by the living wage employee. Lone parent families and single people appeared to be most vulnerable to poverty and deprivation. In addition, whether the employee took up their entitlement to in-work benefits was critical and, using benefit checks by welfare rights experts, it was found that some were not.

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Baran, Joseph, Jambunathan Ramanathan, Kathleen M. Riederer e Riad Khatib. "Stool Colonization With Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Healthcare Workers and Their Households". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 23, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2002): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501963.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of stool colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among healthcare workers (HCWs) and their families.Design:Prospective assessment of fecal colonization with VRE.Setting:A 603-bed, tertiary-care teaching hospital.Participants:Healthy volunteers recruited from hospital employees and their households were screened to exclude pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive disorders, and recent use of antimicrobials.Intervention:Self-obtained stool swabs were used to obtain cultures. Isolated enterococci were screened for vancomycin resistance and species were identified. Intra-household isolates were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results:The participants (n = 228; age range, 28 days to 80 years) were from 137 households with and 91 without employees who had contact with patients.Enterococcusspecies were isolated from 127 stool specimens (55.7%). VRE were detected in 12 individuals, representing 6E. casseliflavus, 5E. faecium, and 1E. gallinarum. VRE were more commonly isolated in employees who had contact with patients (5 of 52 vs 0 of 40; relative risk [RR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.5 to 2.2;P= .07) and their household members (10 of 137 vs 2 of 91; RR, 3.3; CI95, 0.7 to 14.8;P= .13). In 2 households (2 adults in a physician's household and an adult plus a child in a nurse's household) PFGE analysis demonstrated identical intra-household strains of vancomycin-resistantE. faecium.Conclusions:VRE colonization was found in 5.3% of screened stools and was more prevalent in HCWs who had contact with patients and their households. Identical PFGE patterns between 2 employees who had contact with patients and their household members demonstrated probable intra-household spread. Although the mode of acquisition was uncertain, the association with employees who had contact with patients suggests possible occupational sources. These findings demonstrate the spread of VRE within the household and implicate occupational risk for its acquisition.

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Parlińska, Maria, e Piotr Pomichowski. "ANALYSIS OF INCOME DISPARITY OF FARMER HOUSEHOLDS". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, n.º 3 (14 de agosto de 2019): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3483.

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The purpose of the analysis is an attempt to assess the income disparity of farmers compared to other socio-professional groups in light of the latest available data and an assessment on how administrative division impacts income disparity size. The analysis was performed using data gathered by the Household Budget Survey from 2017, availing for that purpose the statistics of disposable income per household and converting it to a per capita figure. Among socio-professional groups, the following households were distinguished: farmers, entrepreneurs, employees, pensioners and other earners earning income from other sources. The results of the analysis have given evidence of existing income disparity of farmer households with respect to other households. By comparing households of farmers and entrepreneurs, the greatest disparities can be observed in average disposable income to the detriment of farmers and employee incomes are located between these types of households. The highest income levels of farmers in comparison with entrepreneurs, employees or households in general, for that matter, are recorded in the Podlaskie, Lubelskie and Lubuskie voivodships. This observation suggests the significant development of the agricultural sector or slow overall economic development, which generates low revenue for individuals making their living as employees or entrepreneurs. Higher disposable income level households of entrepreneurs and employees tend to be characteristic of territories with significant urban areas, i.e. the Mazowieckie voivodship or Małopolska region. In these areas, income levels earned from work or entrepreneurship are substantially higher than those acquired from farming.

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Apergis, Nicholas. "Unemployment and Organizational Commitment: Evidence from a Panel of Australian Manufacturing Firms". Review of Economic Analysis 8, n.º 2 (4 de fevereiro de 2017): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/rea.v8i2.1513.

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Higher unemployment increases the cost of job loss and heightens employees’ feelings of job insecurity. The paper argues that these two effects could have a positive influence on employee organizational commitment. Using data from the Household, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) microdata database, we find that employees in high unemployment regions are more committed to their organization, while the effect of unemployment on employee’s commitment is stronger in the private sector.

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Pamungkas, Bambang Tri. "PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN RUMAH TANGGA DAN PERBEKALAN UNIVERSITAS SARJANAWIYATA TAMANSISWA YOGYAKARTA". Journal Competency of Business 4, n.º 2 (7 de dezembro de 2020): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47200/jcob.v4i2.701.

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This study aims to determine whether there is a partial influence of work environment and motivation on the performance of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta Household Employees. To find out the influence of work environment and work motivation simultaneously on the performance of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta Household Employees. The nature of this research is correlational. The variables of this study are the work environment and work motivation and employee performance. The population in this study were all Household Employees at the University of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta with a population of 37, a population of less than 100, so that all populations were sampled by the census method. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. The results obtained by the work environment has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Household Section of the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta University. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Household Section of the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University in Yogyakarta. Employee performance is influenced by the work environment and work motivation by 29.3%, while the remaining 70.7% is influenced by other factors.

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Tilipman, Nicholas. "Employer Incentives and Distortions in Health Insurance Design: Implications for Welfare and Costs". American Economic Review 112, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2022): 998–1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181917.

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This paper studies employer incentives in designing health insurance provider networks and whether observed offerings reflect preferences that are aligned with employees. I estimate a model of supply and demand where I endogenize employer health plan offerings with respect to hospital and physician networks. I find that employers “overprovide” broad networks by overweighting the preferences of certain employees, specifically older workers and those in regions with less provider competition, over the preferences of the average employee household. Shifting employers toward offering different provider networks in different geographic markets could yield substantial gains to surplus, with minimal distributional or selection effects. (JEL G22, G28, I13, J32, M52)

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Kifor, Claudiu Vasile, Roxana Florența Săvescu e Raluca Dănuț. "Work from Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic—The Impact on Employees’ Self-Assessed Job Performance". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 17 (1 de setembro de 2022): 10935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710935.

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This study investigates the impact of remote workplace factors on employees’ social and technical self-assessed performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the variables belonging to the employee’s profile, organizational environment, and work-life balance categories on social and technical performance were analyzed, based on a survey of 801 Romanian employees, using ordinary least squares and quantile regression techniques. While the first method provided summary point estimates that calculated the average effect of the explanatory variables for the “average employee”, the second approach allowed us to focus on the effects explanatory variables have on the entire conditional distribution of the response variables, taking into account that this effect can be different for employees with different levels of performance. Job autonomy, engagement, communication skills, trust in co-workers, occupational self-efficacy, and family-work conflict, significantly influence both social and technical performance. PhD education and trust in management significantly influence social performance, while motivation, stress, the share of time spent in remote work, organizational commitment, children in the household, and household size, influence only technical performance.

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Hošková, Elena, Martin Richter e Iveta Zentková. "The Influence of Income on the Consumption Expenditures". Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, n.º 1 (1 de maio de 2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0003.

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AbstractThe contribution aims to identify the influence of income on Slovak household expenditures. Analyses are querying from the household income and expenditures data in the Slovak Republic during the period 2004–2018. The data source is the Statistical Office of The Slovak Republic. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis are used. The analysis of the goods and services expenditures reveals the major share of the expenditures is expended for the non-durable goods. The non-durable goods expenditures of the pensioners are 72% of their total consumption expenditures. Expenditures of employees, self-employees and other households for the non-durable goods present more than a half of their total expenditures. The share of services expenditures is also considerable. It is varying above 30% for all households kinds. The income influence on the household expenditures is analyzed using Engel’s expenditures functions which are used as the basis for the income elasticities of household expenditures. The analysis results are pointing to the fact that the less elastic on the income change is the reaction of the Slovak household expenditures on non-durable goods. A significant reaction on the income change is observed in household durable goods expenditures.

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Chi, Vu Thi Quynh, e Thai Thi Thai Nguyen. "Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Household Income of Ethnic Groups in VoNhai District, Thai Nguyen Province". European Journal of Development Studies 3, n.º 1 (7 de fevereiro de 2023): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2023.3.1.205.

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Ethnic groups by households in Vo Nhai District often inhabit in rural areas with low income and their life is much more difficult. Therefore, it’s necessary to study on the factors affecting their income in order to find a solution to improve their income. This research has used Cobb – Douglass Production Function, applying Stata software to evaluate the factors affecting household income of minorities. By collecting information from 310 households living in Vo Nhai district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam, the result of analysis showed that age of householder, cost, number of inhabitants in the family, level of education of the householders, employees, assets, land areas, bank loans which have an impact on the household income of ethnic groups. The study proposed solutions to help poor households expand on their production, improve their income, and enhance their living.

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Chi, Vu Thi Quynh, e Thai Thị Thai Nguyen. "Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Household Income of Ethnic Groups in Vonhai District, Thai Nguyen Province". Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study 3, n.º 4 (14 de janeiro de 2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v3i4.342.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Household employees"

Higgs, Edward. "Domestic servants and households in Rochdale, 1851-1871". New York : Garland Pub. Co, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13792770.html.

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Cheng, Shu-Ju Ada. "Serving the household and the nation : Filipina domestics and the development of nationhood in Taiwan /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008300.

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Ng, Wai-yung Jennifer, e 吳惠容. "A study of policy on overseas domestic helpers in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893259.

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Wong, Po-chun Rosita, e 黃寶珍. "A study of household domestic service: the impact of social changes on property management service in the privatehousing sector". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968508.

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Wong, Po-chun Rosita. "A study of household domestic service : the impact of social changes on property management service in the private housing sector /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21028734.

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Ng, Wai-yung Jennifer. "A study of policy on overseas domestic helpers in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43893259.

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Zhang, Chi, e 張馳. "The effect of rapid economic growth on social service workers in urbanChina: the existing difficulties of domestichousehold helpers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41548863.

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Zhang, Chi. "The effect of rapid economic growth on social service workers in urban China the existing difficulties of domestic household helpers /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41548863.

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Wong, Pui-fong. "The presence of a domestic helper and lifestyle behaviour among adolescents in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41712079.

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Cheng, Yin-lee Francie. "A business opportunity in Hong Kong : domestic help services /". Hong Kong : [University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13302814.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Household employees"

Tsu-wee, Tan Thomas, e Fong Hoe Fang, eds. The maid tangle. Singapore: Katong Catholic Book Centre, 1986.

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Hjalmarsson, Marie. Lojalitet och motstånd: Anställdas agerande i ett föränderligt hemtjänstarbete. Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2009.

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Mēnē, Panagiōta, Kōnstantina Geōrgiadē, Ioulia Pipinia e Anna Staurakopoulou. Hypēretries & hypēretes: Historika hypokeimena kai kallitechnikes anaparastaseis ston hellēnophōno chōro (19os-21os aiōnas). Athēna: Ekdoseis Papazēsē, 2020.

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Susan, Broomhall, ed. Emotions in the household, 1200-1900. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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Starkey, Mary Louise. Mrs. Starkey's The original guide to private service management: The household management bible. Denver, Colo: Mansion Pub., 2008.

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Bras, Hilde. Zeeuwse meiden: Dienen in de levensloop van vrouwen, 1850-1950. Amsterdam: Aksant, 2002.

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1944-, Segrave Kerry, ed. The servant problem: Domestic workers in North America. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 1985.

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Althaus, Andrea. Mit Kochlöffel und Staubwedel: Erzählungen aus dem Dienstmädchenalltag. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2010.

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Hamilton, Paula. No Irish need apply: Aspects of the employer-employee relationship Australian domestic service 1860-1900. London: Australian Studies Centre, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, 1985.

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Lawson, Béatrice. Patrons et domestiques même combat: Le bonheur du foyer. Abidjan, République de Côte d'Ivoire: Presses bibliques africaines, 1999.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Household employees"

Khajikhan, Tansaya. "Gender Difference in Households’ Expenditure on Higher Education: Evidence from Mongolia". In Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West, 211–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_11.

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AbstractThe existing evidence suggests that there is a reverse gender gap in higher education in Mongolia. Prior studies on the reverse gender gap in education were based on the gross enrolment rates and did not delve deeper in terms of using empirical data analyzed over an extended time-period. This paper investigates gender bias in the households’ expenditure on higher education and tracks changes over the ten-year period from 2008 to 2018 using empirical data. In this regard, this study examines the factors and determinants responsible for the gender bias in the households’ expenditure on higher education. To address these questions, the study employs the Engel Curve approach (unconditional educational expenditure) and Hurdle model, which estimates bias in the enrolment decisions and bias in the conditional educational expenditure, both at the household and individual level in 2008 and 2018, using the Household Socio-Economic Survey of Mongolia. Its findings illustrate that gender bias in households’ expenditure on higher education does exist, and it favors girls over boys at the household and individual levels in 2008 and 2018. The findings show that households allocate a greater share of education expenditure to females aged 16–18 and 19–24 than to their male counterparts. Statistical analysis suggests that households’ residence and the occupation of household heads are two important factors affecting this gender bias. Thus, if a household resides in the countryside and its head is employed in the agricultural sector, female offspring are more likely to receive higher education than male offspring. Traditional gender roles and the Mongolian way of life, which centers around attending to livestock and requiring a male labor force and the wage gap, are contextual factors that help explain this gender bias.

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Braid, Robert. "Alternative forms of remuneration at the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille in the Fourteenth century". In Datini Studies in Economic History, 93–119. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0347-0.08.

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The monetisation of exchanges tends to favour economic development, yet many forms of payment persisted throughout the preindustrial era despite rapid growth. Services in particular were remunerated in a variety of forms which depended on the particular relationship between the employer and the worker. The evolution in the composition of wages impacted social relations and structures as much as standards of living. Through an extensive examination of its account registers as well as local legislation, this paper analyses the variety of ways the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille remunerated individuals it employed as doctors, surgeons, scribes, wet-nurses, domestic servants, artisans and casual laborers. Workers who lived separately from the hospital were usually paid only in cash, while employees who were part of the household could receive cloth, shoes, clothing, meals, housing and medical care in addition to a cash salary. Contrary to what historians have observed in other regions, the share of in-kind payments did not increase after the Black Death for casual agricultural workers, who were paid in cash through this period. Only construction workers started to receive meals in addition to wages in the 1360s. Domestic and agricultural servants, however, received fewer in-kind payments after the epidemic. More importantly, this study reveals the numerous services that were provided by individuals for strikingly below-market rates. It is argued that the hospital was able to significantly lower operating costs by offering individuals social currency, intangible benefits instead of cash or in-kind payments, in exchange for numerous and valuable services. After the Black Death, however, the value of social currency decreased relative to other forms of payment.

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Nickanor, Ndeyapo, Lawrence Kazembe e Jonathan Crush. "Food Insecurity, Food Sourcing and Food Coping Strategies in the OOO Urban Corridor, Namibia". In Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa, 169–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_9.

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AbstractThe urbanizing world population has seen increased food insecurity in urban spaces, a result of unsustainable food systems, growing inequalities and weak urban governance that lacks urban food strategies. To improve our knowledge of household strategies employed to survive in urban spaces, we conducted a household survey to examine the relationship between coping strategies,food insecurity and dietary diversity in the secondary cities corridor of Oshakati-Ongwediva-Ondangwa (OOO) in Northern Namibia. The data were collected from 853 households, using a cluster-stratified sampling design. Household food insecurity in the corridor was77%, while the mean dietary diversity was less than 5. These measures differed by coping strategy andfood sourcing mechanism. The most common coping strategy was to rely on less preferred and less expensive foods (67%). Rural–urban food transfers were another common strategy (55%), while some households grow some of their own food in rural areas (23%). Urban agriculture is very limited as are informal social protection strategies such as sharing meals, borrowing from neighbours and providing food to neighbours or other households in the community.

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Swarbrick, Jonathan. "Heterogeneous Households: Monopolistic Capitalists, Entrepreneurs and Employees". In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 55–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07593-8_7.

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Różańska-Walczuk, Monika. "Collaborative Robotics. Safety and Ethical Considerations". In Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence, 260–69. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37649-8_26.

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AbstractEvery year, collaborative robots get closer to humans and cooperation with them takes place not only in industrial spaces, where specialized employees work with them, but also people who do not have knowledge in the field of engineering and robotics. Therefore, great attention is paid to safety in the cooperation of robots and humans. In addition, the aspect of ethics and their ethical behavior towards a human co-worker, companion or petitioner is more and more often taken into account. Knowledge of potential safety hazards is important to secure safety early in robots’ design and development process. Therefore security is one of main issues raised in the article. The most important safety standards from the point of view of collaborative robotics are presented. In the article described example of cobots acting increasingly role as members of our society. Access to them is becoming more and more common - they are household members, waiters or airport staff. Presented in the paper issue of ethics in reference to robots and AI are becoming increasingly significant impact on human. It deals with topics of physical and ethical safety in cooperation between humans and robots. Reference has been made to the safety standards. Due to proximity of technology in humans lives, access to them, and even dependence on them, that issue was particularly emphasized by the author. The paper is source of references to considerations of human safety in robotized environments and ethics in robotics applications.

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Corden, Anne, e Tony Eardley. "Sexing the Enterprise: Gender, Work and Resource Allocation in Self-Employed Households". In Gender, Power and the Household, 207–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376632_12.

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Daniels, Reza Che. "Introduction". In How Data Quality Affects our Understanding of the Earnings Distribution, 1–6. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3639-5_1.

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AbstractThis book is concerned with the measurement and quality of employee income from household survey (micro) data. The empirical applications are based on South African household surveys compiled by the national statistics agency (Statistics South Africa). Despite this specificity, the insights are generalisable to any household survey concerned with measuring income.

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Razak, Nurul Umillah, Adira Rehafizzan Anuar, Siti Nurul Islam Sahar e Nur Hidayah Matsuni. "Domestic Maids (Amah) in Malay Households in Brunei Darussalam". In (Re)presenting Brunei Darussalam, 131–41. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6059-8_8.

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AbstractThis chapter is a case study of the everyday lives of Indonesian domestic maids (amah) working in Brunei Darussalam. It gives an account of the lives, hardships and dreams of five Javanese women employed in Malay households. The chapter also reveals the ways in which their roles as domestic maids abroad have altered the dynamics of gender and power relations in their own traditionally patriarchal households back home in Java, albeit by degrees.

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Landi, Daniele, e Paolo Cicconi. "An Approach for the Responsible Design of the Packaging Employed in Household Appliances". In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 381–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91234-5_39.

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Mohan, Deepanshu, Kensiya Kennedy, Mansi Singh e Shivani Agarwal. "Between household abuse and employer apathy, domestic workers bear the brunt of lockdown 1". In Media, Migrants, and the Pandemic in India, 104–9. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003291527-21.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Household employees"

Lukyanova, Yelena Y. "Resort and Spa Sector Budget-Funding Economic Units Employees Household and Social Ergonomics Modern Aspects". In 2018 Third International Conference on Human Factors in Complex Technical Systems and Environments (ERGO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ergo.2018.8443934.

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Keliuotyte-Staniuleniene, Greta, Rasa Kanapickiene, Deimante Vasiliauskaite, Renatas Spicas e Airidas Neifaltas. "CHANGES IN HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL DECISIONS UNDER CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY: THE CASE OF LITHUANIA". In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/s03.15.

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An unstable economic environment highlights the importance of financial security, which depends on external and internal factors (i.e., household members' decisions and financial choices). As financial security can be considered from various perspectives, this research proposes to analyse it from a subjective perspective considering the changes in households' financial decisions. Therefore, the study aims to explore the condition of households' financial security and the changes in households' financial decisions in Lithuania under economic uncertainty. To reach this aim a survey of Lithuanian households was conducted, and statistical analysis of the survey data was performed. The results revealed that from 2020 to 2022 the share of lowest-income households has increased. The income of almost one-fourth of households is unstable and more than 40 percent of households feel financially unsafe. Income stability and financial safety have proven to be education and occupation-related. The respondents appeared to be the most concerned about growing food prices; the share of those who are concerned about growing utility prices increased substantially as well. The shopping habits of almost two-thirds of respondents have changed in 2020-2022: they have started to buy only necessary products, buy in bulk, or shop online. The shopping habits of the respondents with lower education have changed the most. Changes in habits appeared to be occupation related too. Finally, only a very small share of households plan to borrow, and an even smaller share (most likely employees, higher educated and urban living) plan to use loan comparison platforms.

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Trankovskaya, L. V., E. B. Anishchenko e A. A. Vazhenina. "FEATURES OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH FORMATION OF WORKERS IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF RUSSIA". In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-467-470.

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In the course of studying regional features, industry structure, organization of production processes, formation of health and lifestyle features of employees of the Far Eastern Federal District (Far Eastern Federal District), data were obtained justifying a differentiated approach to the development and implementation of corporate health programs for employers of medium and small businesses, as well as organizations working on a shift basis in the macroregion. The specificity of corporate programs is to take into account unfavorable climatic and geographical living conditions in most of the subjects of the district; a significant area of territories, often with a lack of developed social, household, road transport, engineering and telecommunications infrastructure; low population density.

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Yevchuk, Khrystyna-Iryna. "The impact of marketing in the processing of agricultural waste". In Sustainable Business Development Perspectives 2022. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0197-2022-28.

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Waste from agricultural waste accounts for a large share of waste in general, in general about 64% of waste per year is waste from rural industry. The quality and speed of processing of agricultural waste is influenced by the behavior of the population. Changing the behavior of the population to good habits has the best effect on the speed of integration of agricultural waste processing. In general, the main marketing parties that influence the processing of agricultural waste include: customers, suppliers, employees, finance, regulators, media, the public. Types of waste can be divided into: avoidable, partially avoidable and unavoidable. Garbage recycling marketing affects all stages of product consumption, namely: manufacturing, manufacturing, retail and household.

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Žnidaršič, Jasmina, e Mojca Bernik. "Usklajevanje delovnega in družinskega življenja: vidik spola". In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.79.

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With the growth of the family, in which both parents are working or single parents, and on the other hand the growing demands of work organizations, the extension of working hours and the requirement to be constantly on call, the harmonization of work and family life is becoming increasingly difficult. Work-family balance is important for both the individual and the work organization, as it affects job satisfaction, engagement, productivity and also less employee turnover. Work-family balance is influenced by many factors, one of the most important is gender. Although men also face difficulties in work-family balance, research shows that women are still the ones with more work-family conflicts, as they take more care of children and household chores. The contribution based on previous literature and previous research presents the situation in the field of work-life balance in Slovenia from the gender point of view of. The results of a survey conducted among 343 employees in Slovenian companies were also presented, as well as possible improvements proposed at the level of both organizations and the state.

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Pinheiro Pires, Yomara, Liviane Rego, Maria Roselene Alves Lima e Francisco Aguinaldo de Albuquerque Júnior. "Diagnóstico da Presença Feminina nos Cursos Superiores e no Mercado de Trabalho em Tecnologia da Informação no Estado do Pará". In Computer on the Beach. São José: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v12.p428-434.

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Althoughwomen’s participation in the Information Technology (IT)market has increased in recent decades, it remains a predominantlymale area. One of the factors in this difference is in socio-culturalissues where the social construction of gender roles is limitingwomen’s insertion and permanence in this sector. This work aims tomake a diagnosis about the presence of women in higher educationcourses and in the IT labor market in the state of Pará. The mainsources of data used were the governmental public databases ofthe General Register of Employees and Unemployed (CAGED),the Census of Higher Education, made available (INEP) and theNational Household Survey (PNAD). The analyzed data indicatedthat in the state of Pará, we have the male predominance on thesector either on the superior courses as on the work market andwage inequalities. Despite the increase in the entry of women inacademic-scientific careers, in the IT labor market.

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Anđelković, Marija, e Dragana Paunović Radulović. "The phenomenon of demographic aging in Serbia through the perspective of life in elderly households and (in)active aging". In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.28.

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The aging of the population represents one of the dominant social processes that is intensifying at the beginning of the 21st century. Its ubiquity and implications, above all in economic and social segments of society, justify the creation of the concept of "aging society". Therefore, the goal of this paper is to review the achieved level of the aging process through the analysis of demographic indicators. Census data on the structure of households consisting of elderly people, whether single or multi-member households, was analysed to identify socially vulnerable categories that require organized and systemic support from society. The paper also deals with issues of active aging, measured by the relevant index of active aging, as well as issues of longevity and years spent in health, which are quantitatively described by indicators of life expectancy and healthy years of life. According to data in 2022 on the share of people over 64 in the total population, which is 22%, Serbia ranks among the oldest countries in Europe. More than two-thirds of municipalities in Serbia have a higher proportion of elderly people than the national average, and large regional differences are also observed. The data also show that almost every fifth household is an ""elderly"" household, that is, it consists only of old people. Elderly households are more represented in rural areas (23.9%) compared to urban areas (20.3%). Most elderly households are single (62.3%), and the most numerous are in Belgrade and Vojvodina and in urban areas (62.0%). Two-thirds of single elderly households are made up of women, and this share is higher in urban areas (72.4%) than in other settlements (63.5%). The economic activity of the elderly was analysed based on the Census data 2022. Most of them receive a pension as their main source of income (94.3%), only 1.8% of them are employed, while 1.5% of them declared that they do housework. From the perspective of active aging and additional income, there is a great need for some kind of engagement of these persons.

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Vibhute, Siddhant, Deepti Shakya e Anupama Kowli. "Quantifying the Demand Response Potential of Residential Loads in India". In ENERGISE 2023. Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62576/xedc4346.

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The paper investigates how residential loads in India contribute to grid peak load and how to manage such peaks. Algorithms that process smart meter data from residential loads and compute attributes that capture their contribution to the system peak are devised and demonstrated in the paper. Specifically, a distribution system is considered based on a study on households in Pune, India. To enhance the household dataset for analysis, a synthetic data generation technique is employed. The algorithms developed here are applied to this system to showcase their capabilities. Results show how simple attributes such as peak amplitude and peak duration can extract sufficient information to ensure households that contribute to system peak are appropriately identified. Moreover, these attributes offer insights into appliance ownership, supporting the development of effective DR programs. A demonstration of how shifting of individual peaks can significantly impact system peak is also provided. The results lay the foundation for designing meaningful DR programs leveraging the smart meter data.

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Madan, Elena. "The activity of carpenters and joiners in guilds, workshops and factories in the XIX century – middle of the XX century". In Simpozion Național de Studii Culturale, dedicat Zilelor Europene ale Patrimoniului. Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/sc21.16.

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Wooden parts, from the simplest utensils to furniture, and the basic components of house construction, have been present since ancient times. It should be noted that almost any householder could provide the minimum number of parts needed in a household. The basic craftsmen in making the furniture were carpenters and joiners, who, in addition to work performed in their own household, were also employed in guilds, workshops and later in factories. Initially, the carpenters, who were involved in the construction of the houses, also made the necessary furniture. Starting with the 19th century, and in the peasant household with the end of the 19th century, the beginning of the 20th century, in addition to the carpenter's furniture the joiner's (city) furniture appears. This delimitation of craftsmen in the carpenters and joiners is based on the tools used, the joining techniques, as well as the characteristic ornamentation; however this division is a conventional one without precise borders. The domestic trades of Bessarabia played an important role in the industrial production from the end of the 19th century, mid-20th century. Factories appeared mainly on the basis of such small trades.

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van Velzen, L. P. M. "Developments in Radiological Characterization and Remediation of Non-Nuclear Industrial Sites in the Netherlands". In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4821.

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In the Netherlands, like in other countries, many industries process ores that contain small amounts of natural radioactivity e.g. phosphate ore for the production of phosphate-acid and fertilizers. These non-nuclear industries have often started their activities many years ago, sometimes 50 to 60 years ago, and cases are known for even longer periods. In these periods no governmental regulations concerning naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) existed and it was generally accepted that remaining materials of the industrial process were used for road construction, site improvement, send to household waste belts etc. In the eighties of the last century one became aware that due to industrial processes enhanced concentrations of NORM (TENORM; Technical Enhanced NORM) could occur and employees could receive doses that had to be observed and regulated. Due to this regulations and R&D new processes were set-up and existing factories were closed and successfully decommissioned and dismantled. What remains is that at these sites, due to actions and disposals in the past, enhanced NORM material can still be present that now will fall under the new established regulations. The radiological characterization is a necessarily action for the official ending of the site license in the case that no activities remain that use NORM or produce TENORM. Radiological characterization is also recommended in the case that the property changes of ownership. The characterization gives the new owner the security that there are no spots left with NORM or TENORM above existing governmental limits. While the advantage for the former owner is that no financial funds have to be reserved for an eventual contamination of a non localized spot with NORM or TENORM that supersedes existing governmental limits. In The Netherlands experience has been gained with the radiological characterization, decommissioning and remediation of non-nuclear industrial sites. Used methods will be presented and especially the process of radiological characterization and the definitions of selection and action criteria including motivations.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Household employees"

Genoni, María Eugenia, Carmen Pagés e Paula Auerbach. Social Security Coverage and the Labor Market in Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, setembro de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010733.

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This paper analyzes the reasons behind the low rates of contribution to social security programs in developing countries. Using a large set of harmonized household surveys from Latin America we compare contribution patterns among wage employees, for whom participation is compulsory, with contribution patterns among self-employed workers, for whom participation is often voluntary. In all countries, contribution rates among salaried workers are similarly correlated with education, earnings, size of the employer, household characteristics and age. In addition, contribution patterns among salaried workers are highly correlated with contribution patterns among the self-employed. Our results indicate that on average more than 30 percent of the explained within-country variance in contributions patterns may be accounted for by individuals low willingness to participate in old-age pension programs. Nonetheless, we also find evidence suggesting that some workers are rationed out of social security against their will.

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Westley, Glenn D. Can Financial Market Policies Reduce Income Inequality? Inter-American Development Bank, outubro de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008882.

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This paper seeks to answer two questions: How can we further develop a country¿s microfinance industry and what impact might this have on the country¿s income distribution?. Also it presents substantial arguments and data to support the contention that improving the access of micro and small enterprises to financial services could have an important salutary impact on a country's income distribution. To demonstrate this, the paper shows first that many poor own or are employed by smaller enterprises, second that smaller enterprises are indeed poorly served with formal and semi-formal credit, and third that providing financial services to smaller enterprises increases their income and employment and reduces income inequality to an important degree. Using household survey data from 15 Latin American countries, the paper finds that while the microenterprise sector accounts for 56 percent of all earners in the region, it includes 70 percent of the region's poor earners (with 35 percent of the poor earners being single-person-firm owners and the other 35 percent microenterprise employees).

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Bhan, Gautam, Divya Ravindranath, Rashee Mehra, Divij Sinha, Amruth Kiran e Teja Malladi. Deficits in decent work : employer perspectives and practices on the quality of employment in domestic work in urban India. ILO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54394/alhg1042.

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This study report contributes towards understanding employers’ perspectives on existing working conditions and practices relating to recruitment, income security, employment security and social security available to domestic workers. To do so, this report draws upon data from 3,067 households in two large metropolitan Indian cities– Bengaluru and Chennai – with variations across socio-economic status, caste, religion, neighborhood type and across households with and without women working for wages. This report is the second of a three-part series, with the first report looking at the total number of paid and unpaid hours it takes to reproduce a household in urban India, and the third assessing employer motivations, beliefs and perspectives about domestic work and workers.

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Mejia, Paula, e Marcela Meléndez Arjona. Middle-Class Entrepreneurs and Social Mobility through Entrepreneurship in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, setembro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011415.

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The paper uses microeconomic data to characterize entrepreneurs by income group and selected household, individual and business characteristics, finding that entrepreneurship is rare but more frequent in the upper class than the middle or lower classes. Middle-class entrepreneurs are, on average, better off than middle-class employees of similar characteristics but differ greatly from upper-class entrepreneurs in terms of educational attainment, the size of their businesses, and their outcomes. While entrepreneurs appear to have more income mobility than the average worker, this paper cannot establish whether this is true for middle-class entrepreneurs in particular, nor provide evidence to support the hypothesis that middle-class entrepreneurs' activity is an engine for economic growth. Instead, the findings suggest that the types of businesses run by these entrepreneurs are characterized by low productivity. Consequently, policies to increase social mobility seem to hold greater promise for promoting higher productivity and welfare than policies encouraging entrepreneurship.

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Abraham, Jean Marie, William Vogt e Martin Gaynor. Household Demand for Employer-Based Health Insurance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, setembro de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9144.

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Hertel, Thomas, Maros Ivanic, Paul Preckel e John Cranfield. Trade Liberalization and the Structure of Poverty in Developing Countries. GTAP Working Paper, abril de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp25.

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“Globalization increases poverty” is a common assertion made by critics of globalization. The proliferation of low-wage jobs and higher food prices are some of the arguments brought forward in support of this argument. One of the hallmarks of globalization is the systematic dismantling of barriers to trade. Advocates of trade liberalization – particularly industrialized country agriculture reform – argue that the ensuing rise in world prices for agriculture products will boost rural incomes, thereby reducing poverty in the poorest countries, where the bulk of world poverty resides. Who is right? The goal of this paper is take a systematic look at the structure of poverty across a range of developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and explore how national poverty rates in some of the poorest countries in the world are likely to be affected by global trade liberalization. Our analysis of the structure of poverty is based on national household surveys from 14 developing countries. While we consider both spending and earnings effects of trade liberalization, it is argued that the earnings effects will generally be the dominant factor. This is particularly true in the short run for households that are highly specialized in their earnings patterns. Consider the case of a self-employed farm household. Assuming that trade liberalization results in higher farm prices, we expect the short run effect on the returns to family labor and land to be positive, and somewhat larger in percentage terms (the so-called “magnification effect”). Furthermore, if this household is not employed off-farm, then the farm profitability effect translates directly into an income effect, and this is likely to be sufficient to lift some of the farm households out of poverty. Of course this same effect can work in reverse, with commodity price declines increasing poverty. This makes specialized households highly vulnerable to trade policy shocks. In addition to agriculture-specialized households, we focus on self-employed non-agriculture specialized households, households specialized in wage labor and those relying on transfer payments for 95% or more of their income. Together, these four types of specialized households account for an average of 56% of the poor in the 14 countries examined. Thus a majority of the poor have specialized earnings patterns and are likely to be disproportionately affected by trade liberalization. The same is not true of the non-poor, where a majority of the households are diversified, and are therefore less vulnerable to sector-specific commodity price changes. We also find that the poor are over-represented among the agriculture-specialized households. With this background, we turn to an examination of the broad effects of multilateral trade liberalization on relative commodity prices and factor returns across the 14 countries in question. We distinguish between per capita effects – or the impact of trade liberalization on the “average” household in each country, and the effects on the poorest households. Our per capita results are quite similar to other studies of multilateral trade liberalization, with most countries gaining modestly, while a few gain substantially and a few lose due to the erosion of benefits from existing preferences. Some argue that this “rising tide will lift all boats” and so the positive per capita gains from trade liberalization will reduce poverty. However, we show that the short run impact of trade liberalization on different household groups is quite varied, and not always positive. First of all, global trade liberalization tends to raise food prices – particularly for staples, relative to non-food prices. This is true in all but 2 of the countries in our sample. This food price hike has an adverse effect on the poor, relative to the per capita household, since they spend a disproportionate share of their income on food. Also, the short run earnings impacts are quite varied, with agricultural profits rising relative to per capita income in 11 of the 14 countries, while relative non-agricultural profits and wages fall in many of these countries. Thus the overall impact on poverty depends on the structure of poverty in each country – hence our emphasis on this topic. We proceed to systematically explore the impact of trade liberalization on poverty utilizing a recently developed analytical framework that combines the detailed household survey data with a global economic model in order to measure the poverty impacts of trade liberalization on the five different household strata in each country. Each of the first four strata corresponds to one of the groups of earnings-specialized households, while the fifth encompasses the diversified households in each country. We conduct our analysis at the level of one hundred income percentiles, ranging from poorest to richest in each stratum. In this way, we uncover the differential impact of trade liberalization, by country, stratum and by income level. We also calculate the change in poverty rates, both at the stratum and national levels. Our findings emphasize the differential short run poverty impacts of multilateral trade liberalization on poverty across countries, across strata, and within strata, thereby highlighting the links between the structure of poverty and the national impacts of trade liberalization.

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Zarazaga, Rodrigo, e Lucas Ronconi. Labor Exclusion and the Erosion of Citizenship Responsibilities. Inter-American Development Bank, março de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011683.

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This paper shows that workers who do not receive legally mandated benefits due to employer noncompliance have a negative view not only of their employers, as has been documented, but also of the State. Those workers believe that the State did not protect their rights, and hence they feel fewer obligations to comply with their duties as citizens. Using a list experiment, as well as household data from nine Latin American countries, the paper shows that non-registered workers are less likely to obey the law, pay taxes and vote compared to registered workers.

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Kawar, Mary. Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan [Arabic]. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2000.1002.

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This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed adulthood. It looks at a specific “time” in the social and economic lives of households and individuals. Within this context, the paper constructs a profile of employment characteristics of adult household members to explore the intersecting influences of age and gender and the specific positions of young women. It then addresses how normative gender and generation hierarchies within households respond to these phenomena of young women’s work, their prolonged single status, and their expanding horizons.

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Kawar, Mary. Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2000.1001.

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Chakravorty, Ujjayant, e Martino Pelli. Electrification and development: Empirical evidence on the effect of electricity provision on household welfare. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/soan1297.

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The effect of electrification on economic outcomes is a major new area of study in environment and development economics. Almost a billion people in the world do not have access to grid electricity. Providing them a grid connection will be costly and polluting as well, even if powered by cleaner fossil fuels such as natural gas, instead of coal. However, the economic benefits of electricity are not well understood. Some studies find large effects on economic development in the long run, while others find small or negligible impacts on households in the short run. These benefits may also depend on household characteristics such as credit constraints that prevent them from consuming power or investing in complimentary assets. This paper highlights the state of current knowledge on the costs and benefits of electrification by reviewing the recent empirical literature. We discuss the identification strategies employed and evaluate the effect of electrification on a variety of household-level outcomes such as income, employment and education.

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