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1

Kostecká, Z., e J. Blahovec. "Animal insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and their biological functions". Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 2 - 3 (30 de março de 2012): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5807-vetmed.

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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I, IGF-II) action is influenced by until today known eight forms of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). They have been obtained not only from some human and animal tissues and body fluids but also from conditioned medium of cell cultures. An important biological property of the IGFBPs is their ability to increase the circulating half-life of the IGFs. They are able to act as potentiators of cell proliferation. As IGFBPs bind to cell surfaces, they may act either to deliver the IGFs to those surfaces for activation of specific receptors or to activate cell responses independently of receptor activation. Phosphorylation, glycosylation and proteolysis of IGFBPs influence their affinity to IGFs. The IGFBPs in the role of inhibitors may block the activity of the IGFs and be used for antimitogenic therapy. In the last time measuring of IGFBPs levels can be used for diagnosis determination of some endocrine diseases or in differential diagnostics.
2

Lee, Chang Hoon, Chin Saeng Cho, Kyung-You Park, Joon Woo Kim, Gwan Won Lee, Byung Kwon Lee e Jae Soo Lee. "The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Binding Protein in Cholesteatoma Fibroblasts". Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 14, n.º 1 (maio de 2003): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35420/jcohns.2003.14.1.113.

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3

Purwana, Arie, Budiono Budiono, Jose RL Batubara e Muhammad Faizi. "Association of Growth Velocity with Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Levels in Children with a Vegan Diet". Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 6, n.º 1 (6 de fevereiro de 2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v6i1.5474.

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Background: The vegan diet in children provides the benefit of reducing the risk of being overweight and improving the fat profile. The risk that can occur in the provision of a vegan diet in children is anthropometric size below reference and low caloric intake. Growth hormone (GH) and Insulin like Growth Factors (IGFs) are powerful stimulators for longitudinal growth of bone and require insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBPs) which acts as a transport protein for IGF-1. A vegan diet with lower calorie intake in children has lower IGF-I levels than children with an omnivorous diet.Objective: Examining the effect of vegan diets on IGF-1 levels, IGFBP-3 levels, and growth velocity.Methods: This study was done with a prospective cohort design. The study subjects were divided into two groups, namely the vegan group and the omnivorous group, then matched based on age and sex. During the study, anthropometric data collection, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels measurements were done in both vegan children and omnivorous children.Results: During 6 months of observation, 22 subjects were divided into two groups, namely children with a vegan diet and children with an omnivorous diet. IGF-1 (ng / mL) in vegan children was 105.5 ± 47.3 compared to 102.7 ± 42.3 in omnivorous children with a value of p = 0.89. IGFBP-3 (ng / mL) in vegan children was 2146.4 ± 595.1 compared to 2142 ± 609.1 in omnivorous children with value of p = 0.99 and Growth Velocity (cm / 6 months) was 3.0 in vegan children (1.0-5.30), and 3.2 (2.6-6.5) in omnivorous children with value of p = 0.41.Conclusion:Children with vegan diet had IGF-1 level, IGFBP-3 level, and growth velocity that were the same as children with an omnivorous diet.
4

Leroith, Derek. "Insulin-like growth factor receptors and binding proteins". Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 10, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1996): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-351x(96)80298-9.

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5

Coverley, J. A., e R. C. Baxter. "Phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 128, n.º 1-2 (abril de 1997): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-7207(97)04032-x.

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6

Collet, Chris, e Judith Candy. "How many insulin-like growth factor binding proteins?" Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 139, n.º 1-2 (abril de 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00078-1.

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7

Bach, Leon A. "Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 4-6". Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 29, n.º 5 (outubro de 2015): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2015.06.002.

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8

Baxter, Robert C. "Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins as glucoregulators". Metabolism 44 (outubro de 1995): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(95)90215-5.

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9

Ferry Jr., Robert J., Ruben W. Cerri e Pinchas Cohen. "Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins: New Proteins, New Functions". Hormone Research in Paediatrics 51, n.º 2 (1999): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000023315.

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10

Feld, Stella M., e Raimund Hirschberg. "Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in the nephrotic syndrome". Pediatric Nephrology 10, n.º 3 (1 de maio de 1996): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050124.

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11

Feld, Stella M., e Raimund Hirschberg. "Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in the nephrotic syndrome". Pediatric Nephrology 10, n.º 3 (junho de 1996): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00866783.

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12

Cara, José F. "Insulin-Like Growth Factors, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins and Ovarian Androgen Production". Hormone Research 42, n.º 1-2 (1994): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000184145.

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13

Rosen, Clifford J. "Serum Insulin-like Growth Factors and Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Proteins: Clinical Implications". Clinical Chemistry 45, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1999): 1384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.8.1384.

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Abstract The last decade has been characterized by a major investigative thrust into the physiology of two unique but ubiquitous peptides, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II. The regulatory systems that control the tissue bioactivity of the IGFs have been delineated, and subcellular signaling mechanisms have been clarified. Clearly, both tissue and circulating growth factor concentrations are important in defining the relationship between IGF-I and cell activity. Bone, liver, and circulatory IGF-I have received the most attention by investigators, in part because of the ease of measurement and the interaction with disease states such as osteoporosis. More recently, attention has focused on the role IGF-I plays in neoplastic transformation and growth. Two large prospective observational studies have demonstrated greater risk for prostate and breast cancer associated with high circulating concentrations of IGF-I. Animal models and in vitro studies confirm that there is a close, albeit complex, interaction between IGF-I signaling and bone turnover. This report will focus on: (a) IGF physiology, including IGF ligands, binding proteins, and proteases; (b) the relationship between IGF-I and bone mass in respect to risk for osteoporosis; (c) the heritable regulation of the IGF-I phenotype; and (d) the association between serum IGF-I and cancer risk. The IGFs remain a major area for basic and clinical investigations; future studies may define both diagnostic and therapeutic roles for these peptides or their related proteins in several disease states.
14

Ryu, Hye-Young, Hye-Jung Hwang, In-Hye Kim, Hong-Soo Ryu e Taek-Jeong Nam. "Effects of Glucose on Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding-5 Expression in Human Fibroblasts." Journal of Life Science 17, n.º 9 (30 de setembro de 2007): 1224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2007.17.9.1224.

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15

Hwa, V., Y. Oh e RG Rosenfeld. "Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: a proposed superfamily". Acta Paediatrica 88, s428 (fevereiro de 1999): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb14349.x.

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16

Ranke, M. B., e M. Elmlinger. "Functional Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins". Hormone Research 48, n.º 4 (1997): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000191304.

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17

Holly, Jeff, e Claire Perks. "The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins". Neuroendocrinology 83, n.º 3-4 (2006): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000095523.

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18

Conover, Cheryl A. "Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins and bone metabolism". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 294, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2008): E10—E14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00648.2007.

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Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important regulators of bone metabolism. However, their precise roles are not fully understood, since IGFBPs can have both enhancing and inhibiting effects on IGF action, depending on context and posttranslational modifications, as well as IGF-independent effects. This review focuses on recent findings from cell culture, rodent models, and clinical studies concerning local IGFBP-2, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-5 action in bone.
19

D??ez, Javier, Concepci??n Laviades, Eduardo Mart??nez, Mar??a J. Gil, Ignacio Monreal, Javier Fern??ndez e Jes??s Prieto. "Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in arterial hypertension". Journal of Hypertension 13, n.º 3 (março de 1995): 349???356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199503000-00011.

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20

Monget, P., N. Besnard, C. Huet, C. Pisselet e D. Monniaux. "Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins and Ovarian Folliculogenesis". Hormone Research 45, n.º 3-5 (1996): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000184790.

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21

Rosenfeld, RG, H. Pham, P. Cohen, P. Fielder, SE Gargosky, H. Muller, L. Nonoshita e Y. Oh. "Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and their regulation". Acta Paediatrica 83, s399 (abril de 1994): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13315.x.

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22

Ferry, R., L. Katz, Adda Grimberg, P. Cohen e S. Weinzimer. "Cellular Actions of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins". Hormone and Metabolic Research 31, n.º 02/03 (janeiro de 1999): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-978719.

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23

Rechler, Matthew M., e David R. Clemmons. "Regulatory Actions of Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Proteins". Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 9, n.º 5 (julho de 1998): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043-2760(98)00047-2.

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24

Chan, Kam, e E. Martin Spencer. "General aspects of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins". Endocrine 7, n.º 1 (agosto de 1997): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02778072.

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25

Subramanian, Ashok, Anup Sharma e Kefah Mokbel. "Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and breast cancer". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 107, n.º 2 (5 de julho de 2007): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-007-9549-0.

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26

Prosser, C. G., e R. D. McLaren. "Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins of equine serum". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 189, n.º 3 (dezembro de 1992): 1255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(92)90208-3.

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27

Bach, L. A., S. Hsieh, K. Sakano, H. Fujiwara, J. F. Perdue e M. M. Rechler. "Binding of mutants of human insulin-like growth factor II to insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 1-6". Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, n.º 13 (maio de 1993): 9246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98342-0.

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28

Hodgkinson, S. C., J. R. Napier, G. S. G. Spencer e J. J. Bass. "Glycosaminoglycan binding characteristics of the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 13, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 1994): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0130105.

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29

Grulich-Henn, J., J. Grulich-Henn, S. Spiess, S. Spiess, U. Heinrich, U. Heinrich, D. Schönberg, D. Schönberg, M. Bettendorf e M. Bettendorf. "Ligand Blot Analysis of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins using Biotinylated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I". Hormone Research in Paediatrics 49, n.º 1 (16 de dezembro de 1997): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000023118.

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30

Rey, F., F. M. Rodríguez, N. R. Salvetti, M. M. Palomar, C. G. Barbeito, N. S. Alfaro e H. H. Ortega. "Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Bovine Cystic Ovarian Disease". Journal of Comparative Pathology 142, n.º 2-3 (fevereiro de 2010): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.11.002.

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31

Tanaka, Reiko, Toshio Tsushima, Hitomi Murakami, Kazuo Shizume e Takao Obara. "Insulin-like growth factor I receptors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in human parathyroid tumors". World Journal of Surgery 18, n.º 4 (1994): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00353784.

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32

King, Jeffery L., e Clyde Guidry. "Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins Modulate Müller Cell Responses to Insulin-Like Growth Factors". Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 45, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2004): 2848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.04-0054.

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33

Hintz, R. L. "Role of Growth-Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth-Factor-Binding Proteins". Hormone Research 33, n.º 2-4 (1990): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000181492.

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34

Chen, T. L., L. Y. Chang, D. A. DiGregorio, A. J. Perlman e Y. F. Huang. "Growth factor modulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in rat osteoblast-like cells." Endocrinology 133, n.º 3 (setembro de 1993): 1382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.133.3.7689954.

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35

Murphy, LJ. "Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins: functional diversity or redundancy?" Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 21, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 1998): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0210097.

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36

Zapf, Jürgen. "Physiological role of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins". European Journal of Endocrinology 132, n.º 6 (junho de 1995): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320645.

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37

Levitt Katz, Lorraine E., Ron G. Rosenfeld e S. Pinchas Cohen. "Clinical Significance of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)". Endocrinologist 5, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1995): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019616-199501000-00006.

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38

Sureshbabu, Angara, Elizabeth Tonner e David J. Flint. "Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and mammary gland development". International Journal of Developmental Biology 55, n.º 7-8-9 (2011): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.113364as.

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39

Lamson, George, Linda C. Giudice e Ron G. Rosenfeld. "Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins: Structural and Molecular Relationships". Growth Factors 5, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1991): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08977199109000268.

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40

Firth, Sue M., e Robert C. Baxter. "Cellular Actions of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins". Endocrine Reviews 23, n.º 6 (1 de dezembro de 2002): 824–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2001-0033.

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41

Camacho-Hübner, Cecilia. "Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins and neoplasia: an overview". Growth Hormone & IGF Research 10 (janeiro de 2000): S14—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1096-6374(00)90006-6.

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42

Kim, Ho-Seong, Ron G. Rosenfeld e Youngman Oh. "Biological roles of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs)". Experimental & Molecular Medicine 29, n.º 2 (junho de 1997): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emm.1997.13.

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43

Veomett, George E., Lora L. Munger, Gary L. Smith e Judith E. Schollmeyer. "Heterogeneity of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in swine". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 65, n.º 1-2 (agosto de 1989): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(89)90164-0.

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44

Wetterau, Lawrence A., Michael G. Moore, Kuk-Wah Lee, Melanie L. Shim e Pinchas Cohen. "Novel Aspects of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins". Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 68, n.º 2 (outubro de 1999): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mgme.1999.2920.

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45

Haugaard, Steen B., Ove Andersen, Birgitte R. Hansen, Hans Ørskov, Ulrik B. Andersen, Sten Madsbad, Johan Iversen e Allan Flyvbjerg. "Insulin-like growth factors, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 protease, and growth hormone-binding protein in lipodystrophic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected patients". Metabolism 53, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2004): 1565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2004.06.025.

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46

Lakatos, Peter, Janos Foldes, Zsolt Nagy, Istvan Takacs, Gabor Speer, Csaba Horvath, Subburaman Mohan, David J. Baylink e Paula H. Stern. "Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins, and Bone Mineral Content in Hyperthyroidism". Thyroid 10, n.º 5 (maio de 2000): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2000.10.417.

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47

Nakamura, Michio, Shin’ichi Miyamoto, Hiroyuki Maeda, Genichiro Ishii, Takahiro Hasebe, Tsutomu Chiba, Masahiro Asaka e Atsushi Ochiai. "Matrix metalloproteinase-7 degrades all insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and facilitates insulin-like growth factor bioavailability". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 333, n.º 3 (agosto de 2005): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.010.

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48

Yamanaka, Yoshitaka, Elizabeth M. Wilson, Ron G. Rosenfeld e Youngman Oh. "Inhibition of Insulin Receptor Activation by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins". Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, n.º 49 (5 de dezembro de 1997): 30729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.49.30729.

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49

Bach, Leon A., Ping Fu e Zhiyong Yang. "Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 and cancer". Clinical Science 124, n.º 4 (31 de outubro de 2012): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20120343.

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The IGF (insulin-like growth factor) system is essential for physiological growth and it is also implicated in a number of diseases including cancer. IGF activity is modulated by a family of high-affinity IGF-binding proteins, and IGFBP-6 is distinctive because of its marked binding preference for IGF-II over IGF-I. A principal role for IGFBP-6 is inhibition of IGF-II actions, but recent studies have indicated that IGFBP-6 also has IGF-independent effects, including inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of cancer cell migration. The present review briefly summarizes the IGF system in physiology and disease before focusing on recent studies on the regulation and actions of IGFBP-6, and its potential roles in cancer cells. Given the widespread interest in IGF inhibition in cancer therapeutics, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the actions of the IGF ligands, receptors and binding proteins, including IGFBP-6, will enhance our ability to develop optimal treatments that can be targeted to the most appropriate patients.
50

Rosenfeld, Ron G., Vivian Hwa, Lisa Wilson, Abel Lopez-Bermejo, Caroline Buckway, Christine Burren, Won Kyu Choi et al. "The Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein Superfamily: New Perspectives". Pediatrics 104, Supplement_5 (1 de outubro de 1999): 1018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.104.s5.1018.

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The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) were initially identified as carrier proteins for IGF-I and IGF-II in a variety of biologic fluids. Their presumed function was to protect IGF peptides from degradation and clearance, increase the half-life of the IGFs, and deliver them to appropriate tissue receptors. The concept of IGFBPs as simple carrier proteins has been complicated, however, by a number of observations: 1) the six IGFBPs vary in their tissue expression and their regulation by other hormones and growth factors; 2) the IGFBPs are subjected to proteolytic degradation, thereby altering their affinities for the IGFs; 3) IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5, in addition to binding IGFs, also can associate with an acid-labile subunit, thereby increasing further the half-life of the IGFs; 4) in addition to modifying the access of IGF peptides to IGF and insulin receptors, several of the IGFBPs may be capable of increasing IGF action; 5) some of the IGFBPs may be capable of IGF-independent regulation of cell growth; 6) some of the IGFBPs are associated with cell membranes or possibly with membrane receptors; and 7) some of the IGFBPs have nuclear recognition sites and may be found within the nucleus. Additionally, a number of cDNAs identified recently have been found to encode proteins that bind IGFs, but with substantially lower affinities than is the case with IGFBPs. The N-terminal regions of the predicted proteins are structurally homologous to the classic IGFBPs, with conservation of the cysteine-rich region. These observations suggest that these low-affinity binders are members of an IGFBP superfamily, capable of regulating cell growth by both IGF-dependent and IGF-independent mechanisms. insulin-like growth factor, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins.

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