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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Intestine, Small Immunology"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 28 de janeiro de 2023

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1

Bland, P. W., and M. Bailey. "Immunology of the small intestine." Transplantation Proceedings 30, no. 6 (September 1998): 2560–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00725-8.

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Kunisawa, Jun, Yosuke Kurashima, Morio Higuchi, Masashi Gohda, Izumi Ishikawa, Ikuko Ogahara, Namju Kim, Miki Shimizu, and Hiroshi Kiyono. "Small and large intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes show distinct dependency on sphingosine 1-phosphate (42.11)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.42.11.

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Abstract It is known that the composition of intraepithelial T lymphocyte (IEL) differs between small and large intestines, but the mechanism underlying that difference remains obscure. Here, we show that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays a key role in regulating intestinal IEL trafficking into the small and large intestines. High levels of type 1 S1P receptor (S1P1) expression was noted on naïve IELs expressing CD4 or CD8αβ, which leads to their preferential migration into the large intestine. In contrast, recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), double-positive thymocytes, and double-negative thym

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Brandl, Katharina, George Plitas, Ronald P. DeMatteo, Laura V. Hooper та Eric G. Pamer. "MyD88-mediated signals induce in vivo production of the bactericidal lectin RegIIIγ and protect against intestinal Listeria monocytogenes infection (44.4)". Journal of Immunology 178, № 1_Supplement (1 квітня 2007): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.44.4.

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Abstract Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is an intracellular bacterium that causes systemic infections after traversing the intestinal mucosa. To test the hypothesis that the Toll-like receptor pathway is involved in defense against intestinal L. monocytogenes infection, we analyzed the role of the common intracellular adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88) following oral infection with L. monocytogenes. We found that MyD88 deficient mice have increased susceptibility to intestinal L. monocytogenes infection with higher bacterial burden in spleen

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Chowers, Y., W. Holtmeier, J. Harwood, E. Morzycka-Wroblewska, and M. F. Kagnoff. "The V delta 1 T cell receptor repertoire in human small intestine and colon." Journal of Experimental Medicine 180, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.180.1.183.

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V delta 1 bearing T cells comprise the major population of gamma/delta T cells in the human intestinal tract. To gain insight into mechanisms involved in the generation of these cells and the diversity of their repertoire, we have characterized the junctional sequences of V delta 1 T cell receptor transcripts in the human small intestine and colon. Mucosal biopsies obtained from defined regions along the length of the small intestine or colon contained a high frequency of either one or a few identical in frame V delta 1 sequences. Less abundant sequences were also detected repeatedly throughou

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Beagley, K. W., K. Fujihashi, A. S. Lagoo, S. Lagoo-Deenadaylan, C. A. Black, A. M. Murray, A. T. Sharmanov, M. Yamamoto, J. R. McGhee, and C. O. Elson. "Differences in intraepithelial lymphocyte T cell subsets isolated from murine small versus large intestine." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 5611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.11.5611.

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Abstract Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) have been extensively studied in the murine small intestine. However, to date no studies have assessed IEL in the large intestine, despite the marked differences in function and lumenal environment. In the present study, we isolated IEL from both small and large intestine of three mouse strains (BALB/c, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6) and determined the frequency of CD2, CD4, and CD8 expression on CD3+ IEL, as well as the frequency of alpha beta and gamma delta TCR usage and V beta distribution. Higher numbers of IEL/unit length were always isolated from the small

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Allenspach, Karin. "Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology of the Canine and Feline Intestine." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 41, no. 2 (March 2011): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.01.004.

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Limon, Natalie M. "The Effects of Childhood, Adolescent and Adult Obesity on Epithelial T Cell Homeostasis in the Intestine." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 211.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.211.10.

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Abstract According to the CDC, 30% of adults in the U.S population are obese, while 17% of children and adolescents are obese. Obesity has resulted in a wide array of complications including disruption of barrier permeability as well as problems with tissue repair. The epithelial layer of the intestines contains intraepithelial intestinal lymphocytes (IEL) that are important in maintaining epithelial homeostasis and repairing tissue. To outline the mechanism by which obesity disrupts intestinal epithelial function among different age groups, childhood, adolescent, and adult mice were placed in

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Wang, Jian, Fengqi Li, Haiming Wei, Zhe-Xiong Lian, Rui Sun, and Zhigang Tian. "Respiratory influenza virus infection induces intestinal immune injury via microbiota-mediated Th17 cell–dependent inflammation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 211, no. 12 (November 3, 2014): 2397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20140625.

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Influenza in humans is often accompanied by gastroenteritis-like symptoms such as diarrhea, but the underlying mechanism is not yet understood. We explored the occurrence of gastroenteritis-like symptoms using a mouse model of respiratory influenza infection. We found that respiratory influenza infection caused intestinal injury when lung injury occurred, which was not due to direct intestinal viral infection. Influenza infection altered the intestinal microbiota composition, which was mediated by IFN-γ produced by lung-derived CCR9+CD4+ T cells recruited into the small intestine. Th17 cells m

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Hong, Chun Pyo, Bo Gie Yang, Jung-Hwan Kim, Min Seong Jang, Eun-Jung Lee, Eun Ji Jeun, Chan Kim, Ju-Young Seoh, and Myoung Ho Jang. "High fat diet-induced obesity affects CD4+ T cell differentiation in the small intestine (P3176)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 61.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.61.13.

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Abstract Obesity-induced metabolic diseases are caused by the excess infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells to metabolic tissues including adipose and liver. However, systematic understanding of correlation between obesity and alterations of gut immunity is unclear. We hypothesized that immune cells in small intestine may be affected substantially upon high-fat feeding since dietary lipids are absorbed at luminal surface of small intestine. Here we found that small intestinal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but not B cells were decreased in obese state. In CD4+ T cell subsets, the proportion of TH1 cell

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Vidal, Jorge E., Bruce A. McClane, Juliann Saputo, Jaquelyn Parker, and Francisco A. Uzal. "Effects of Clostridium perfringens Beta-Toxin on the Rabbit Small Intestine and Colon." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 10 (July 14, 2008): 4396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00547-08.

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ABSTRACT Clostridium perfringens type B and type C isolates, which produce beta-toxin (CPB), cause fatal diseases originating in the intestines of humans or livestock. Our previous studies demonstrated that CPB is necessary for type C isolate CN3685 to cause bloody necrotic enteritis in a rabbit ileal loop model and also showed that purified CPB, in the presence of trypsin inhibitor (TI), can reproduce type C pathology in rabbit ileal loops. We report here a more complete characterization of the effects of purified CPB in the rabbit small and large intestines. One microgram of purified CPB, in

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Miller, Mark, Jack Xu, Jeremiah McDole, Keely McDonald, Kathryn Knoop, and Rodney Newberry. "Toll-like receptor signaling regulates mucosal barrier function and antigen acquisition in the small intestine (P3266)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 136.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.136.15.

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Abstract The mucosal immune system must efficiently recognize foreign antigen during intestinal infection and yet avoid triggering inappropriate inflammatory responses to commensal microbes and food antigens. In vivo two-photon imaging revealed that low-molecular weight material can cross the epithelium of the small intestine during goblet cell secretion, a phenomenon termed goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs). GAPs are abundant in the steady-state and selectively deliver foreign antigen to CD103+ lamina propria dendritic cells with tolerogenic potential. However, under pathological

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Sugawara, Reiko, Eun-Jung Lee, Min Seong Jang, Eun-Ji Jeun, Chun-Pyo Hong, Jung-Hwan Kim, Areum Park, et al. "Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL-1 receptor antagonist." Journal of Experimental Medicine 213, no. 4 (March 7, 2016): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20141388.

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Eosinophils play proinflammatory roles in helminth infections and allergic diseases. Under steady-state conditions, eosinophils are abundantly found in the small intestinal lamina propria, but their physiological function is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that small intestinal eosinophils down-regulate Th17 cells. Th17 cells in the small intestine were markedly increased in the ΔdblGATA-1 mice lacking eosinophils, and an inverse correlation was observed between the number of eosinophils and that of Th17 cells in the small intestine of wild-type mice. In addition, small intestinal

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Donaldson, David S., Kathryn J. Else, and Neil A. Mabbott. "The Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Small Intestine, Not the Large Intestine, Play a Major Role in Oral Prion Disease Pathogenesis." Journal of Virology 89, no. 18 (July 8, 2015): 9532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01544-15.

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ABSTRACTPrion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulations of abnormally folded cellular prion protein in affected tissues. Many natural prion diseases are acquired orally, and following exposure, the early replication of some prion isolates upon follicular dendritic cells (FDC) within gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) is important for the efficient spread of disease to the brain (neuroinvasion). Prion detection within large intestinal GALT biopsy specimens has been used to estimate human and animal disease prevalence. However, the relative contributi

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Stefka, Andrew T., Maria EC Bruno, and Charlotte S. Kaetzel. "MyD88-dependent regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor by colonic microbes (40.5)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.40.5.

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Abstract Secretory IgA serves as the first line of antigen-specific immunity in the intestine, protecting against pathogens while preventing inflammation in response to commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) regulate IgA secretion by controlling expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). Many pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, including pIgR, are transcriptional targets of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in response to molecular patterns from resident microbes. MyD88 is an important TLR signaling adaptor that has been implicated in regulation of intestinal i

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Pallotta, Nadia, Ernesto Tomei, Angelo Viscido, Emma Calabrese, Adriana Marcheggiano, Renzo Caprilli, and Enrico Corazziari. "Small Intestine Contrast Ultrasonography." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 11, no. 2 (February 2005): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00054725-200502000-00008.

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Zhao, Yong, Yanni Feng, Ming Liu, Liang Chen, Qingshi Meng, Xiangfang Tang, Shukun Wang, et al. "Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals alginate oligosaccharides preventing chemotherapy-induced mucositis." Mucosal Immunology 13, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41385-019-0248-z.

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AbstractWorldwide the incidence of cancer has been continuing increasing. Mucositis of the gastrointestinal tract is a common side effect in patients under chemotherapy. Anticancer drug busulfan, used for treating chronic myeloid leukemia especially in pediatric patients, causes mucositis of the gastrointestinal tract. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are natural products with attractive pharmaceutical potentials. We aimed to investigate, at the single-cell level, AOS preventing small intestine mucositis induced by busulfan. We found that busulfan disturbed the endoplasmic reticulum and mitocho

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Brandl, Katharina, George Plitas, Bernd Schnabl, Ronald P. DeMatteo та Eric G. Pamer. "MyD88-mediated signals induce the bactericidal lectin RegIIIγ and protect mice against intestinal Listeria monocytogenes infection". Journal of Experimental Medicine 204, № 8 (16 липня 2007): 1891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20070563.

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Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that causes systemic infection by traversing the intestinal mucosa. Although MyD88-mediated signals are essential for defense against systemic L. monocytogenes infection, the role of Toll-like receptor and MyD88 signaling in intestinal immunity against this pathogen has not been defined. We show that clearance of L. monocytogenes from the lumen of the distal small intestine is impaired in MyD88−/− mice. The distal ileum of wild-type (wt) mice expresses high levels of RegIIIγ, which is a bactericidal lectin that is secreted into the bowe

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De Oliveira, Marília Garcia, Rafaela Andreoni, Wesley Brandao, Beatriz Peixinho, Carolina Manganeli Polonio, Nagela Ghabdan Zanluqui, Lilian Oliveira, and Jean Pierre S. Peron. "The role of glutamate-NMDA-receptor in mice alpha beta T cells from intestinal mucosa." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 158.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.158.18.

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Abstract The intestinal mucosa consists of a simple layer of epithelial tissue and loose connective tissue called the lamina propria that is formed by several immune cells mainly T cells that play important roles in local tolerance to microorganisms of the microbiota and food antigens. In addition to mucosa the small and large intestines also present the submucosal and the muscular layers that present ganglionic enteric plexuses formed by networks of interconnection between autonomic neurons of the enteric nervous system. These neurons secrete various neurotransmitters including glutamate and

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Camerini, Victoria, Beate C. Sydora23, Richard Aranda, Chris Nguyen, Colin MacLean, William H. McBride, and Mitchell Kronenberg. "Generation of Intestinal Mucosal Lymphocytes in SCID Mice Reconstituted with Mature, Thymus-Derived T Cells." Journal of Immunology 160, no. 6 (March 15, 1998): 2608–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.6.2608.

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Abstract Transfer of peripheral lymph node lymphocytes to SCID mice leads to the long term establishment of mucosal T lymphocytes within the epithelium and lamina propria of the small and large intestines. Analysis of engrafted intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) showed that they had acquired a surface phenotype that in several respects is typical of IEL. In addition, the functional profile of engrafted IEL derived from lymph node T cells was similar to that of normal IEL; as the donor-derived T cells exhibited a strong cytolytic activity, a poor proliferative response to mitogenic stimuli, and

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Fujiwara, Daisuke, Bo Wei, and Jonathan Braun. "Role of small intestinal intraepithelial CD11c+ CD8+ T cells in mucosal immunoregulation (39.36)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 39.36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.39.36.

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Abstract The chronic intestinal inflammation tends to occur in the large intestine (LI) rather than in the small intestine (SI) partly due to the relative abundant microbial colonization in LI. However, intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes (IEL) in the large intestine are also distinguished from these in the small intestine. In this study, we investigated the possibility that the phenotypic difference of immune populations in two immune compartments might represent their differed immunoregulatory functions for regional control of mucosal inflammation. We observed that in total IELs populat

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Huang, Hsin-I., Nourhan Youssef, Mark Jewell, Min-Nung Huang, and Gianna Hammer. "Th17 immunity in the colon is controlled by two novel subsets of colon-specific mononuclear phagocytes." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 158.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.158.3.

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Abstract Immune responses in the intestine are coordinated by specialized populations of mononuclear phagocytes. Although the functions of intestine-resident mononuclear phagocytes and the different cell subsets that constitute these populations are thought uniform across the entire intestine, it is clear that the anatomy, microbes, and immunological demands are distinct for small and large intestine. Whether these distinctions also include organ-specific mononuclear phagocyte populations, or that these have organ-specific roles in immunity are unknown. Here we identify two novel subsets of co

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Nagamine, Claude M., Jane J. Sohn, Barry H. Rickman, Arlin B. Rogers, James G. Fox, and David B. Schauer. "Helicobacter hepaticus Infection Promotes Colon Tumorigenesis in the BALB/c-Rag2−/−ApcMin/+ Mouse." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 6 (April 14, 2008): 2758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01604-07.

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ABSTRACT Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations are linked to human and mouse colorectal cancers. The Apc multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mouse mutation causes adenomas to develop throughout the small and large intestines. The BALB-Min (C.B6-Apc Min/+) congenic strain was generated by backcrossing into BALB/c the Apc Min allele from C57BL/6J-Apc Min/+ mice. BALB-Min mice have a low tumor multiplicity (27.4 small intestine tumors/mouse) and a relatively long life span (>1 year) that makes them amenable to long-term studies. To investigate the interplay of the adaptive immune system a

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Taylor, Rebekah, Jennifer Kleponis, Russia Tatum, and Fernando Terrero. "Absence of organized lymphoid tissues in the intestine of the freshwater fish, C. commersonii (VET2P.1042)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 207.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.207.14.

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Abstract Microscopic organized lymphoid tissues in the small intestine, such as cryptopatches (CP) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF), have been well characterized in the laboratory mouse. Descriptions of these structures have also been reported in rat and human, but the presence or absence of CP and ILF in other animals has not been explored. Given the evolutionary development of the adaptive immune system beginning in jawed fish, we hypothesized that CP and ILF would be present in the intestines of fish. We examined the intestines of 10 wild-caught Catostomus commersonii, a bottom-feeding

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Kantak, A. G., R. M. Goldblum, M. Z. Schwartz, S. Rajaraman, C. T. Ladoulis, and A. S. Goldman. "Fetal intestinal transplants in syngeneic rats: a developmental model of intestinal immunity." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 10 (May 15, 1987): 3191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.10.3191.

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Abstract We conducted a longitudinal study of the development of lymphoid tissue in fetal small intestine transplanted to a subcutaneous site in adult syngeneic Fischer strain rats. Fetal jejunoileal segments obtained between 18 and 21 days of gestation were transplanted to a dorsal subcutaneous site on syngeneic adult rats. Three weeks later, intestinal segments greater than 2.5 cm in length were found in 70% of recipients. Each week for 6 wk post-transplantation, a full-thickness biopsy was obtained for histologic and immunohistologic examination. At the time of transplantation, fetal rat in

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Pabst, Oliver, Lars Ohl, Meike Wendland, Marc-André Wurbel, Elisabeth Kremmer, Bernard Malissen, and Reinhold Förster. "Chemokine Receptor CCR9 Contributes to the Localization of Plasma Cells to the Small Intestine." Journal of Experimental Medicine 199, no. 3 (January 26, 2004): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20030996.

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Humoral immunity in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue is characterized by the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) by antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs) in the lamina propria. The chemokine CCL25 is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells and is capable of inducing chemotaxis of IgA+ PCs in vitro. Using a newly generated monoclonal antibody against murine CCR9, we show that IgA+ PCs express high levels of CCR9 in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PPs), but down-regulate CCR9 once they are located in the small intestine. In CCR9-deficient mice, IgA+ PCs are substantially

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Minton, Kirsty. "ILC3s take control in small intestine." Nature Reviews Immunology 19, no. 6 (April 12, 2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0166-z.

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Schulz, Olga, and Oliver Pabst. "Antigen sampling in the small intestine." Trends in Immunology 34, no. 4 (April 2013): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2012.09.006.

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Rivera-Nieves, Jesús, Tracy L. Burcin, Timothy S. Olson, Margaret A. Morris, Marcia McDuffie, Fabio Cominelli, and Klaus Ley. "Critical role of endothelial P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 in chronic murine ileitis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 4 (March 27, 2006): 907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20052530.

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L-selectin ligands might be relevant for inflammatory cell trafficking into the small intestine in a spontaneous model of chronic ileitis (i.e., SAMP1/YitFc mice). Immunoblockade of peripheral node addressin or mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 failed to ameliorate ileitis, whereas P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) neutralization attenuated both the adoptively transferred and spontaneous disease. PSGL-1 was detected in venules of mesenteric lymph node and small intestine by immunohistochemistry and confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow

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MacDonald, T. T., and J. Spencer. "Evidence that activated mucosal T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of enteropathy in human small intestine." Journal of Experimental Medicine 167, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 1341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.167.4.1341.

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T cells in explants of human fetal small intestine in organ culture were stimulated in situ with PWM or anti-CD3 antibody to test the hypothesis that activated T cells produce enteropathy in human small intestine. T cell activation was measured by the appearance of CD25+ cells in the lamina propria of the explants and IL-2 production into the organ culture supernatant. We have previously shown that the number of T cells in human fetal gut increased between 14 and 22 wk gestation. Accordingly, after the addition of PWM to cultured explants of fetal intestine the number of CD25+ cells in the lam

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Norkina, Oxana, Tim G. Burnett, and Robert C. De Lisle. "Bacterial Overgrowth in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Null Mouse Small Intestine." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 10 (October 2004): 6040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.10.6040-6049.2004.

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ABSTRACT We recently reported the inflammation of the cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse small intestine, and we hypothesized bacterial overgrowth as a possible cause. Quantitative PCR of bacterial 16S genomic DNA in the CF mouse small intestine revealed an increase of greater than 40-fold compared to controls. Sequencing of 16S PCR products and Gram staining showed that the majority of bacteria in the CF mouse intestine were gram negative. Bacteria were observed to colonize the mucus that accumulates in the intestinal lumen of mice with CF. Impaired Paneth cell defenses were suggested by observation

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Cho, Hyeseon, Rosanne Spolski, Byunghyun Kang, Warren J. Leonard, and Brian L. Kelsall. "Microbiota-dependent IL-21 signaling regulates intestinal immune cell homeostasis and immunopathology to infection." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 200.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.200.7.

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Abstract Despite studies indicating a role for IL-21 in intestinal inflammation, how it precisely affects intestinal homeostasis and immunity to infection is not yet clear. In this study, we report a potent effect of commensal microbiota on the phenotypic manifestations of IL-21 receptor deficiency. IL-21 is expressed highly by CD4 T cells of Peyer’s patches (PPs) and small intestine lamina propria (LP) and strongly induced by co-housing with SFB-positive mice. Mice deficient in IL-21 receptor exhibit reduced numbers of GC B cells, B cell expression of AID, and IgA+ B cell populations in PPs,

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Umesaki, Yoshinori, Hiromi Setoyama, Satoshi Matsumoto, Akemi Imaoka, and Kikuji Itoh. "Differential Roles of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria and Clostridia in Development of the Intestinal Immune System." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 3504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.7.3504-3511.1999.

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ABSTRACT The presence of microflora in the digestive tract promotes the development of the intestinal immune system. In this study, to evaluate the roles of two types of indigenous microbe, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and clostridia, whose habitats are the small and large intestines, respectively, in this immunological development, we analyzed three kinds of gnotobiotic mice contaminated with SFB, clostridia, and both SFB and clostridia, respectively, in comparison with germfree (GF) or conventionalized (Cvd) mice associated with specific-pathogen-free flora. In the small intestine, t

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Ahn, Ji-Seon, Enkhchimeg Lkhagva, Sunjun Jung, Hyeon-Jin Kim, Hea-Jong Chung, and Seong-Tshool Hong. "Fecal Microbiome Does Not Represent Whole Gut Microbiome." Cellular Microbiology 2023 (January 17, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6868417.

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The current gut microbiome research relies on the fecal microbiome under the assumption that the fecal microbiome represents the microbiome of the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, there have been growing concerns about using feces as a proxy to study the gut microbiome. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the composition of microbiome and metabolites in the feces and at 14 different locations of GI tracts of genetically homogenous sibling pigs to evaluate the validity of using feces as a proxy to the whole gut microbiome. The composition of intestinal microbes constituting the gut mi

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Bujko, Anna, Nader Atlasy, Ole J. B. Landsverk, Lisa Richter, Sheraz Yaqub, Rune Horneland, Ole Øyen, et al. "Transcriptional and functional profiling defines human small intestinal macrophage subsets." Journal of Experimental Medicine 215, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170057.

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Macrophages (Mfs) are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis in the intestine, yet studies on the origin and heterogeneity of human intestinal Mfs are scarce. Here, we identified four distinct Mf subpopulations in human small intestine (SI). Assessment of their turnover in duodenal transplants revealed that all Mf subsets were completely replaced over time; Mf1 and Mf2, phenotypically similar to peripheral blood monocytes (PBMos), were largely replaced within 3 wk, whereas two subsets with features of mature Mfs, Mf3 and Mf4, exhibited significantly slower replacement. Mf3 and Mf4 loca

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Gurish, Michael F., Hong Tao, J. Pablo Abonia, Anu Arya, Daniel S. Friend, Christina M. Parker та K. Frank Austen. "Intestinal Mast Cell Progenitors Require CD49dβ7 (α4β7 Integrin) for Tissue-specific Homing". Journal of Experimental Medicine 194, № 9 (29 жовтня 2001): 1243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.194.9.1243.

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Mast cells (MCs) are centrally important in allergic inflammation of the airways, as well as in the intestinal immune response to helminth infection. A single lineage of bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitors emigrates from the circulation and matures into phenotypically distinct MCs in different tissues. Because the mechanisms of MC progenitor (MCp) homing to peripheral tissues have not been evaluated, we used limiting dilution analysis to measure the concentration of MCp in various tissues of mice deficient for candidate homing molecules. MCp were almost completely absent in the small intestin

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Oyesola, Oyebola Oluwakemi, Lauren M. Webb, Sabrina Solouki, Duc Pham, Pamela Campioli, Rebecca Cubitt, and Elia D. Tait Wojno. "The prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 suppresses epithelial cell responses during intestinal helminth infection." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 65.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.65.1.

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Abstract Type 2 inflammation is required for expulsion of intestinal helminth parasites and is characterized by immune cell activation, type 2 cytokine production, and increased mucin production by epithelial goblet cells. Previous studies show that the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptor chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) promotes type 2 inflammation in the lung via effects on immune cells, but how CRTH2 influences helminth-induced type 2 inflammation in the intestine was unclear. Here we show that CRTH2-deficient mice cleared infection with the mouse-ada

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Wai, Lu-En, Mouer Wang, Karine Piard-Ruster, Olivia Martinez, and Sheri Krams. "Allograft survival is prolonged in the absence of NKG2D (169.19)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2011): 169.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.169.19.

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Abstract NKG2D is expressed by Natural Killer (NK cells) and subsets of T cells. On NK cells, NKG2D functions as a stimulatory receptor that induces effector functions. We have demonstrated increased expression of NKG2D ligands on rejecting grafts and enhanced infiltration of NKG2D-expressing cells in allografts during rejection. To further examine the role of NKG2D in graft survival we utilized Klrk1 mice that are deficient for NKG2D as recipients of cardiac or small intestine allografts. Groups (n=4-6) of C57BL/6 (H-2b) or NKG2D deficient Klrk1 mice (H-2b) received heterotopic donor hearts o

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Morales, Victor M., Andreas Christ, Suzanne M. Watt, Hyun S. Kim, Kevin W. Johnson, Nalan Utku, Ana M. Texieira, et al. "Regulation of Human Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Cytolytic Function by Biliary Glycoprotein (CD66a)." Journal of Immunology 163, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 1363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.3.1363.

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Abstract Human small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) are a unique population of CD8αβ+ TCR-αβ+ but CD28− T lymphocytes that may function in intestinal epithelial cell immunosurveillance. In an attempt to define novel cell surface molecules involved in iIEL function, we raised several mAbs against activated iIELs derived from the small intestine that recognized an Ag on activated, but not resting, iIELs. Using expression cloning and binding studies with Fc fusion proteins and transfectants, the cognate Ag of these mAbs was identified as the N domain of biliary glycoprotein (CD66a)

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Zheng, Mingzhu, Kairui Mao, Dan Li, Difeng Fang, Jun Lyu, and Jinfang (Jeff) Zhu. "B cell recruitment to the intestine critically depends on GATA3- and RORgt-mediated development of NKp46 negative innate lymphoid cells." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 188.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.188.10.

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Abstract The isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) enrich for B cells, most of which are conventional B cells, however, how they are recruited into and remain in intestine is not fully understood. Here, we show that in the small intestine lamina propria (siLP) of the Gata3f/f-VavCre mouse strain, in which no T cells and very few innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are present, B cells were also largely absent, despite B cells were normal in number in the spleen of these mice. Mixed bone marrow chimera experiments showed that Gata3-deficient B cells were able to migrate to the siLP. Normal intestinal B c

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Kunkel, Eric J., James J. Campbell, Guttorm Haraldsen, Junliang Pan, Judie Boisvert, Arthur I. Roberts, Ellen C. Ebert, et al. "Lymphocyte Cc Chemokine Receptor 9 and Epithelial Thymus-Expressed Chemokine (Teck) Expression Distinguish the Small Intestinal Immune Compartment." Journal of Experimental Medicine 192, no. 5 (September 5, 2000): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.192.5.761.

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The immune system has evolved specialized cellular and molecular mechanisms for targeting and regulating immune responses at epithelial surfaces. Here we show that small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes migrate to thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK). This attraction is mediated by CC chemokine receptor (CCR)9, a chemoattractant receptor expressed at high levels by essentially all CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the small intestine. Only a small subset of lymphocytes in the colon are CCR9+, and lymphocytes from other tissues including tonsils, lung, inflamed li

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Kunisawa, Jun, Yosuke Kurashima, Morio Higuchi, Masashi Gohda, Izumi Ishikawa, Ikuko Ogahara, Namju Kim, Miki Shimizu, and Hiroshi Kiyono. "Sphingosine 1-phosphate dependence in the regulation of lymphocyte trafficking to the gut epithelium." Journal of Experimental Medicine 204, no. 10 (September 17, 2007): 2335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20062446.

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It is well established that intraepithelial T lymphocytes (IELs) are derived from conventional single-positive (SP) thymocytes, as well as unconventional double-negative (DN) thymocytes and CD103+CD8αβ recent thymic emigrants (RTEs). We show that IELs can be divided into two groups according to their dependency on sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) for trafficking into the intestines. CD4 or CD8αβ naive lymphocytes originating from SP thymocytes express high levels of type 1 S1P receptor (S1P1), and their preferential migration into the large intestine is regulated by S1P. In contrast, RTEs migrate

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Holtmeier, W., T. Witthöft, A. Hennemann, H. S. Winter, and M. F. Kagnoff. "The TCR-delta repertoire in human intestine undergoes characteristic changes during fetal to adult development." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 12 (June 15, 1997): 5632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.12.5632.

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Abstract The TCR-delta repertoire in adult human intestine is oligoclonal and unique in each individual. In the present study, changes in the junctional regions of TCR-delta transcripts in human intestine that occur during development from fetal to adult life were used to characterize fundamental changes in the TCR-delta repertoire in the human intestinal tract during ontogeny. At mid-gestation, the fetal repertoire was polyclonal, but limited, in its junctional diversity by the relative lack of N region nucleotide additions and by the frequent formation of coding region joins at regions of sh

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Bartolomé-Casado, Raquel, Ole J. B. Landsverk, Sudhir Kumar Chauhan, Lisa Richter, Danh Phung, Victor Greiff, Louise F. Risnes, et al. "Resident memory CD8 T cells persist for years in human small intestine." Journal of Experimental Medicine 216, no. 10 (July 23, 2019): 2412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190414.

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Resident memory CD8 T (Trm) cells have been shown to provide effective protective responses in the small intestine (SI) in mice. A better understanding of the generation and persistence of SI CD8 Trm cells in humans may have implications for intestinal immune-mediated diseases and vaccine development. Analyzing normal and transplanted human SI, we demonstrated that the majority of SI CD8 T cells were bona fide CD8 Trm cells that survived for &gt;1 yr in the graft. Intraepithelial and lamina propria CD8 Trm cells showed a high clonal overlap and a repertoire dominated by expanded clones, co

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Keshav, S., L. Lawson, L. P. Chung, M. Stein, V. H. Perry, and S. Gordon. "Tumor necrosis factor mRNA localized to Paneth cells of normal murine intestinal epithelium by in situ hybridization." Journal of Experimental Medicine 171, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.171.1.327.

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Paneth cells in normal murine small intestine contain TNF mRNA that is readily detectable by in situ hybridization, unlike resident macrophages in lamina propria, which are negative. Northern blot analysis of whole tissue shows the presence of mRNA that has the same electrophoretic mobility as TNF mRNA from activated macrophages. A low level of TNF bioactivity, but no immunoreactivity, was detected in normal small intestine, and TNF production in resting Paneth cells appears to be post-transcriptionally controlled. Typical leukocyte surface membrane markers were not found on Paneth cells, but

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Panfilov, A. B., and I. V. Pestova. "Lymphoid tissue pattern in the walls of small and large intestines in American mink (Neovison vison)." Medical Immunology (Russia) 22, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-ltp-1811.

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When breeding minks, a lot of problems are associated with disturbances of reproduction, birth of weak offspring, metabolic disorders, weakening of immunity. Poor knowledge of the morphology of mink and lack of detailed information about their immune system is among appropriate reasons. The largest variety of antigens enter the body with food and water, through the wall of gastrointestinal tract. The first barrier to their penetration is lymphoid tissue associated with mucous membranes, thus causing changes in immune structures. Our purpose was to study the syntopia, morphology and quantitativ

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Dende, Chaitanya, Mihir Pendse, Daniel Propheter, Gabriella Quinn, and Lora V. Hooper. "Vitamin A regulates phagocytosis by resident macrophages of the small intestine." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 113.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.113.23.

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Abstract Intestinal Tim4+ CD4+ macrophages are a distinctive macrophage subset that express Tim4, a receptor for phosphatidylserine on dying apoptotic cells, Unlike other macrophage subsets, they do not depend on blood monocytes for their turnover, instead self-maintained in the small intestine. The signal(s) responsible for the self-maintenance and function of Tim4+ CD4+ macrophages is not known. We have discovered that maintenance of the gut resident Tim4+ CD4+ macrophage population depends on dietary vitamin A and its derivative retinoic acid (RA). Retinoic acid receptors, which direct RA-d

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Shaw, Michael H., Nobuhiko Kamada, Yun-Gi Kim та Gabriel Núñez. "Microbiota-induced IL-1β, but not IL-6, is critical for the development of steady-state TH17 cells in the intestine". Journal of Experimental Medicine 209, № 2 (30 січня 2012): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20111703.

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TH17 cells are a lineage of CD4+ T cells that are critical for host defense and autoimmunity by expressing the cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. A feature of TH17 cells at steady state is their ubiquitous presence in the lamina propria of the small intestine. The induction of these steady-state intestinal TH17 (sTH17) cells is dependent on the presence of the microbiota. However, the signaling pathway linking the microbiota to the development of intestinal sTH17 cells remains unclear. In this study, we show that IL-1β, but not IL-6, is induced by the presence of the microbiota in intestinal

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Hao, Ju, Yao Zhang, Li Tianyu, Shi Bo, Feng Shu, Shi Feng, Ji Chao, and Huang Ying. "Preliminary Investigation of the Diagnosis of Neonatal Congenital Small Bowel Atresia by Ultrasound." BioMed Research International 2019 (September 29, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7097159.

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Purpose. To assess the diagnostic value of ultrasonography (US) for congenital small bowel atresia (SBA) in neonates and their sonographic characteristics. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed of 20 neonates who were confirmed with SBA by operation from March 2014 to January 2019. All the neonates have been scanned by US before surgery, and no one underwent barium enema or upper gastrointestinal imaging prior to US. Preoperation ultrasound characteristics about intestinal morphology and intestinal contents were collected, further to summarize the typical ultrasonic features of SBA.

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Camerini, V., C. Panwala, and M. Kronenberg. "Regional specialization of the mucosal immune system. Intraepithelial lymphocytes of the large intestine have a different phenotype and function than those of the small intestine." Journal of Immunology 151, no. 4 (August 15, 1993): 1765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.4.1765.

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Abstract Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are found in both the small and the large intestine. We demonstrate that there are a number of striking phenotypic and functional differences between the two populations of IEL isolated from mice. In the large intestine, the majority of IEL express the alpha beta TCR, and among these TCR-alpha beta+ lymphocytes, CD4+ cells are as prevalent as CD8+ cells. In contrast, in the small intestine, most of the TCR-alpha beta+ IEL express CD8, and an increased percentage of cells express TCR-gamma delta. In addition, most TCR-gamma delta+ IEL isolated from the

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Zabel, Brian A., William W. Agace, James J. Campbell, Heidi M. Heath, David Parent, Arthur I. Roberts, Ellen C. Ebert, et al. "Human G Protein–Coupled Receptor Gpr-9-6/Cc Chemokine Receptor 9 Is Selectively Expressed on Intestinal Homing T Lymphocytes, Mucosal Lymphocytes, and Thymocytes and Is Required for Thymus-Expressed Chemokine–Mediated Chemotaxis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 190, no. 9 (November 1, 1999): 1241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.9.1241.

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TECK (thymus-expressed chemokine), a recently described CC chemokine expressed in thymus and small intestine, was found to mediate chemotaxis of human G protein–coupled receptor GPR-9-6/L1.2 transfectants. This activity was blocked by anti–GPR-9-6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3C3. GPR-9-6 is expressed on a subset of memory α4β7high intestinal trafficking CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. In addition, all intestinal lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes express GPR-9-6. In contrast, GPR-9-6 is not displayed on cutaneous lymphocyte antigen–positive (CLA+) memory CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, which traff

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