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1
De Filippis, Violaine, and Arnaud Froger. "L’inversion du stigmate." Revue Projet N° 396, no. 5 (2023): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pro.396.0029.
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Mantrant, Sylvie. "La France à l’écart ?" III. Le sens du non-alignement, no. 12 (January 18, 2016): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034564ar.
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Il existe en France un nouveau mouvement de paix indépendant (le CODENE) qui évolue à côté d’un mouvement plus traditionnel et proche de la mouvance communiste. L’auteure identifie et analyse brièvement les facteurs qui occasionnent le retard dans la construction du mouvement indépendant, soit : le consensus des Français concernant « leur » force de frappe, le rôle joué par le Parti communiste français dans le mouvement de la paix, l’attitude de l’Église catholique favorable à la dissuasion nucléaire, et la timidité des syndicats à s’engager dans la lutte pour le désarmement. De concert avec les autres groupes indépendants européens, le CODENE continue toutefois à promouvoir la réflexion sur le non-alignement et s’apprête à lancer une enquête-référendum nationale auprès des Français, concernant la modernisation de l’armement en France.
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Woolford, Ellen. "On the Application of Wh Movement and Inversion in Code-Switching Sentences." Revue québécoise de linguistique 14, no. 1 (2009): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602528ar.
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Résumé Cet article étudie les contraintes sur l’application de mouvement Wh et d’inversion du sujet dans les phrases contenant un changement de code. L’auteur montre que ces contraintes découlent entièrement des principes de la grammaire tels qu’ils sont énoncés dans la théorie de Gouvernement et Liage (Chomsky 1981).
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Moreillon, Jacques. "Suspension de la délégation gouvernementale de la République d'Afrique du Sud de la XXVe Conférence internationale de la Croix-Rouge (Genève - 1986) — Différentes perceptions d'un même événement." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 69, no. 764 (1987): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100091206.
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A notre avis, l'événement le plus important de la XXVe Conférence internationale de la Croix-Rouge est l'adoption par celle-ci des nouveaux Statuts et Règlement du Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge. Ces textes, issus d'une initiative de la Ligue et d'une négociation de près de quatre ans avec le CICR, fixent au Mouvement ses lignes directrices pour au moins une génération et le fait qu'ils aient été adoptés par consensus est une garantie de leur bien-fondé et de leur durée.
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Duret, Christophe. "L’habiter posthumain entre inversion et éversion dans la franchise vidéoludique “Watch_Dogs”." Revista 2i: Estudos de Identidade e Intermedialidade 2, no. 2 (2020): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/2i.2663.
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Cet article porte sur l’habiter posthumain représenté dans les jeux vidéo cyberpunk de la franchise WATCH_DOGS. Après une redéfinition du posthumain en termes ontogéographiques, les spécificités de l’habiter posthumain seront décrites en tant que transversion, phénomène entendu comme le fruit d’un mouvement dynamique allant de l’inversion (introjection du milieu humain dans les limites physiques du corps par le biais de la technique) à l’éversion (projection du corps dans le milieu par le biais de la technique). S’ensuivra une analyse portant sur la manière dont WATCH_DOGS traite de la transversion dans le cadre de la ville intelligente vue comme une ville posthumaine.
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Mondal, Sabyasachi, and Antonios Tsourdos. "Bipartite Consensus of Nonlinear Agents in the Presence of Communication Noise." Sensors 22, no. 6 (2022): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062357.
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In this paper, a Distributed Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (DNDI)-based consensus protocol is designed to achieve the bipartite consensus of nonlinear agents over a signed graph. DNDI inherits the advantage of nonlinear dynamic inversion theory, and the application to the bipartite problem is a new idea. Moreover, communication noise is considered to make the scenario more realistic. The convergence study provides a solid theoretical base, and a realistic simulation study shows the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.
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Lecomte, Yves. "Développer de meilleures pratiques." Santé mentale au Québec 28, no. 1 (2003): 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006979ar.
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Résumé Cet éditorial consiste en une recension des écrits décrivant le développement du mouvement des « meilleures pratiques ». Encore en partie méconnu dans le milieu de la pratique, ce mouvement est suffisamment important pour qu’une recension des écrits lui soit consacrée, d’autant plus que la littérature de langue française à ce sujet est pratiquement inexistante. Après avoir formulé une hypothèse économico-politique explicative à propos de leur émergence, l’article décrit les principaux modèles sous-jacents à leur développement : evidence-based model et expert-consensus model. Il suggère ensuite deux manières de présenter les meilleures pratiques pour faciliter leur utilisation : les lignes directrices et les algorithmes, de même que les interventions propres à favoriser leur dissémination auprès des praticiens et des administrateurs. L’article conclut par une analyse critique de cette approche.
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Haddad, Malika. "Lecture Le mouvement marocain pour les droits de l'Homme, entre consensus national et engagement citoyen." Confluences Méditerranée N°51, no. 4 (2004): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/come.051.0081.
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Ta, Toan Thang, Cheng-Yao Lin, and Chin Lung Lu. "Two-string consensus problem under non-overlapping inversion and transposition distance." Information Processing Letters 130 (February 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2017.10.006.
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Pérez Venero, Miriam. "Inversion of biblical symbols in The Grapes of Wrath." Literatura y Lingüística, no. 26 (December 21, 2012): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/0717621x.26.43.
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Although it is agreed that Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939) is full ofallusions and symbols connected to the Bible, no consensus has been reachedyet about their nature. In this article an analysis is described which aims atdemonstrating that the allusions and symbols found are better interpreted asinversions of the traditional biblical symbols, in such a way that the novel canbe considered a new ‘bible for the people’.
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Zhu, Yang, and Kaiyu Qin. "Robust Flight-Path Angle Consensus Tracking Control for Non-Minimum Phase Unmanned Fixed-Wing Aircraft Formation in the Presence of Measurement Errors." Drones 7, no. 6 (2023): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7060350.
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The robust flight-path angle consensus tracking control problem for multiple unmanned fixed-wing aircrafts is investigated in this paper, where the non-minimum phase properties and the presence of measurement errors are systematically addressed. A three-module control scheme is proposed for each aircraft: a Distributed Observer that obtains the available information from the reference system and the neighbor aircraft to provide the estimates of the reference states; a Casual Stable Inversion that calculates the bounded estimates of the desired input, desired external states, and most importantly, desired internal states to resolve the divergence issues caused by the non-minimum phase properties; and a Local Measurement Error Rejection Controller that includes a measurement error estimator (MEE) to actively compensate for the adverse effect of measurement errors to achieve robust consensus tracking control. Stability, convergence, and robustness of the proposed control are analyzed, showing that (1) the non-minimum phase issue can be systematically resolved by the designed Casual Stable Inversion to ensure aircraft internal stability and flight safety, and (2) the consensus tracking accuracy can be improved by tuning a single MEE parameter, which is favorable in practical applications to large-scale unmanned aircraft formations. Comparative simulation results with classic PID-based consensus control demonstrate the advantage of the proposed control in transient oscillations, steady-state tracking accuracy, and robustness against measurement errors.
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Caussat, Pierre. "Déplacement et renouvellement du problème de l'imitation : migrations et greffes de formes dans le développement des cultures de l'Europe." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 8 (April 9, 2022): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.1996.1903.
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L’objet de ce travail s’étend sur plusieurs niveaux. Au niveau le plus modeste, il ne fait que développer une variante du problème de l’imitation, c’est-à-dire de son renouvellement, voire de son inversion, à partir, en gros, de la Renaissance : les langues (et les nations) européennes mettent en œuvre l’invention d’elles-mêmes au nom d’une imitation créatrice. Mais un tel aspect – fondamental – a du mouvement pour se déployer plus loin, sinon haut, jusqu’à rencontrer des enjeux ontologiques et éthiques ; on touche alors à la redoutable question d’une pluralité significative des cultures, des alternances concertante et dissidente de leurs voix contrastées, opposées, voire antagoniques. Dans ses limites de temps et d’espace, ce travail veut contribuer à cerner la question lancinante : qu’est-ce que l’Europe ?
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Geurts, J. J. G., S. D. Roosendaal, M. Calabrese, et al. "Consensus recommendations for MS cortical lesion scoring using double inversion recovery MRI." Neurology 76, no. 5 (2011): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820a0cc4.
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Mondal, Sabyasachi, and Antonios Tsourdos. "Consensus Tracking of Nonlinear Agents Using Distributed Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with Switching Leader-Follower Connection." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239537.
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In this paper, a consensus tracking protocol for nonlinear agents is presented, which is based on the Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) technique. Implementation of such a technique is new in the context of the consensus tracking problem. The tracking capability of nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) is exploited for a leader-follower multi-agent scenario. We have provided all the mathematical details to establish its theoretical foundation. Additionally, a convergence study is provided to show the efficiency of the proposed controller. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated in the presence of both (a) random switching topology among the agents and (b) random switching of leader–follower connections, which is realistic and not reported in the literature. The follower agents track various trajectories generated by a dynamic leader, which describes the tracking capability of the proposed controller. The results obtained from the simulation study show how efficiently this controller can handle the switching topology and switching leader-follower connections.
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Kawaguchi, Kohei, Shuji Taketomi, Yuri Mizutani, et al. "Hip Abductor Muscle Strength Deficit as a Risk Factor for Inversion Ankle Sprain in Male College Soccer Players: A Prospective Cohort Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7 (2021): 232596712110202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211020287.
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Background: Previous studies have attempted to determine whether certain risk factors can predict the occurrence of inversion ankle sprains in male collegiate soccer players. However, no consensus has been reached on the predictive risk factors of inversion ankle sprain in this population. Purpose: To identify risk factors for inversion ankle sprains among male collegiate soccer players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Included were 145 male collegiate soccer players in Japan who were assessed during a preseason medical checkup for potential risk factors of inversion ankle sprain. The preseason assessment included anthropometric measurements, joint laxity and flexibility, muscle flexibility, muscle strength, and balance ability, with a total of 33 variables. The participants were monitored during the 2019 season for inversion ankle sprains as diagnosed by physicians. Results: A total of 31 inversion ankle sprains in 31 players (21.4%) occurred during the season. Only the measured isometric hip abductor strength was significantly lower in injured players as compared with uninjured players. Logistic regression analysis revealed measured hip abductor muscle strength deficit as a significant risk factor for inversion ankle sprain (odds ratio, 0.978 [95% CI, 0.976-0.999]; P = .05). Conclusion: Hip abductor strength deficit was a risk factor for inversion ankle sprain in the study population. This finding could be useful for the prevention of inversion ankle sprains in male collegiate soccer players.
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Liu, Jun, Yu Liu, Kai Dong, Ziran Ding, You He, and Qichao Li. "Distributed hybrid consensus–based square-root cubature quadrature information filter and its application to maneuvering target tracking." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 12 (2019): 155014771989595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719895952.
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To handle nonlinear filtering problems with networked sensors in a distributed manner, a novel distributed hybrid consensus–based square-root cubature quadrature information filter is proposed. The proposed hybrid consensus–based square-root cubature quadrature information filter exploits fifth-order spherical simplex-radial quadrature rule to tackle system nonlinearities and incorporates a novel measurement update strategy into the hybrid consensus filtering framework, which takes the predicted measurement error into account and hence produces more accurate estimates. In addition, the proposed hybrid consensus–based square-root cubature quadrature information filter inherits the complementary positive features of both consensus on information and consensus on measurements methods and avoids sensitive matrix operations such as square-root decompositions and inversion of covariances, which is beneficial for numerical stability. Stability analysis with respect to consensus, convergence, and consistency for the proposed hybrid consensus–based square-root cubature quadrature information filter is also developed. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid consensus–based square-root cubature quadrature information filter is validated through a maneuvering target tracking scenario. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid consensus–based square-root cubature quadrature information filter outperforms the existing algorithms at the expense of a slight increase in computational cost.
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Corr, Alice. "Address inversion in southern Italian dialects." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 8, no. 4 (2022): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.168.
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This article proposes a ‘topological’ reinterpretation of the extended nominal architecture in relation to southern Italo-Romance vocatives with and without allocuzione inversa (‘address inversion’, Renzi 1968), a phenomenon involving the ‘inverse’ lexical indexation of the speaker-addressee relationship (reg.It. Mangia, papà! ‘Eat up, little one!’, father to child). Topological Mapping Theory (Longobardi 2005; Martín & Hinzen 2014) posits a unified model of grammatical structure and nominal reference denotation in argumental constituents, where a hierarchy of referentiality (from predicativity to deixis) emerges through the expansion of the functional architecture. Contributing to a growing theoretical consensus favouring extra ‘vocative’ structure in the nominal left periphery, I argue that Italo-Romance vocatives with and without address inversion involve a part-whole expansion of structure, yielding a necessarily tripartite nominal architecture (VocP-DP-NP) in line with topological principles. The non-literal interpretation of N observed in the ‘lexical flip’ of address inversion vocatives is argued to be the surface manifestation of movement into VocP, a functional space whose internal articulation serves to construe the ostensive-deictic possibilities of an object-referring expression at the exophoric level.
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Tam, Connie K. P., Jim Hackett, and Christina Morris. "Rate of Inversion of the Salmonella enterica Shufflon Regulates Expression of Invertible DNA." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 9 (2005): 5568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.9.5568-5577.2005.
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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and some strains (Vi+) of serovar Dublin use type IVB pili to facilitate bacterial self-association, but only when the PilV proteins (potential minor pilus proteins) are not synthesized. Pilus-mediated self-association may be important in the pathogenesis of enteric fever. We have suggested that the rate of Rci-catalyzed inversion of DNA encoding the C-terminal portions of the PilV proteins controls PilV protein synthesis. This potentially represents a novel means of transcriptional control. Here, it is initially shown that DNA inversion per se is required for inhibition of gene expression from invertible DNA. Binding, without DNA scission, of Rci to its substrate sequences on DNA cannot explain the data obtained. Next, it is shown that inversion frequencies of xylE-encoding DNA, bracketed by Rci substrate sequences, may be modulated by changes in the 19-bp consensus sequences which are essential components of Rci substrate DNA. The affinity of Rci for these sequences affects inversion frequencies, so that a greater affinity is predictive of faster inversion, and therefore less synthesis of product encoded by invertible DNA. Inversion events may inhibit transcription of DNA from external promoters. In vivo, the frequency of Rci-mediated inversion is influenced by the extent of DNA supercoiling, with increasing levels of expression of invertible genes as novobiocin inhibits DNA supercoiling and thus Rci action. This inhibition of DNA supercoiling results in increased synthesis of PilV proteins as Rci activity decreases, and, in turn, bacterial self-association (particularly in serovar Dublin) decreases.
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Karakousis, A., J. P. Gustafson, K. J. Chalmers, A. R. Barr, and P. Langridge. "A consensus map of barley integrating SSR, RFLP, and AFLP markers." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 12 (2003): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02177.
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A consensus map of barley combining simple sequence repeat (SSR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers has been developed by combining 5 Australian barley linkage maps, Galleon × Haruna Nijo, Chebec × Harrington, Clipper × Sahara, Alexis × Sloop, and Amaji Nijo × WI2585, using the software package JOINMAP 2.0. The new consensus map consists of 700 markers, with 136 being SSRs, and has a total genetic distance of 933 cM. The consensus map order appears to be in good agreement with the Australian barley linkage maps, with the exception of a small inversion located close to the centromere of chromosome 5H. Similarly, the SSR map orders are in good agreement with SSR markers integrated into the doubled haploid linkage map of Lina × Hordeum spontaneum, Canada Park. The new consensus map provides a framework to cross examine and align partial and complete barley linkage maps using markers common to many barley maps. This map will allow researchers to rapidly and accurately select SSR markers for chromosome regions of interest for barley genetic and plant breeding studies.
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Holmes, S. G., and M. M. Smith. "Interaction of the H4 autonomously replicating sequence core consensus sequence and its 3'-flanking domain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (1989): 5464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5464-5472.1989.
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Yeast autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) elements are composed of a conserved 11-base-pair (bp) core consensus sequence and a less well defined 3'-flanking region. We have investigated the relationship between the H4 ARS core consensus sequence and its 3'-flanking domain. The minimal sequences necessary and sufficient for function were determined by combining external 3' and 5' deletions to produce a nested set of ARS fragments. Sequences 5' of the core consensus were dispensable for function, but at least 66 bp of 3'-flanking domain DNA was required for full ARS function. The importance of the relative orientation of the core consensus element with respect to the 3'-flanking domain was tested by precisely inverting 14 bp of DNA including the core consensus sequence by oligonucleotide mutagenesis. This core inversion mutant was defective for all ARS function, showing that a fixed relative orientation of the core consensus and 3'-flanking domain is required for function. The 3'-flanking domain of the minimal functional H4 ARS fragment contains three sequences with a 9-of-11-bp match to the core consensus. The role of these near-match sequences was tested by directed mutagenesis. When all near-match sequences with an 8-of-11-bp match or better were simultaneously disrupted by point mutations, the resulting ARS construct retained full replication function. Therefore, multiple copies of a sequence closely related to the core consensus element are not required for H4 ARS function.
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Holmes, S. G., and M. M. Smith. "Interaction of the H4 autonomously replicating sequence core consensus sequence and its 3'-flanking domain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (1989): 5464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5464.
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Yeast autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) elements are composed of a conserved 11-base-pair (bp) core consensus sequence and a less well defined 3'-flanking region. We have investigated the relationship between the H4 ARS core consensus sequence and its 3'-flanking domain. The minimal sequences necessary and sufficient for function were determined by combining external 3' and 5' deletions to produce a nested set of ARS fragments. Sequences 5' of the core consensus were dispensable for function, but at least 66 bp of 3'-flanking domain DNA was required for full ARS function. The importance of the relative orientation of the core consensus element with respect to the 3'-flanking domain was tested by precisely inverting 14 bp of DNA including the core consensus sequence by oligonucleotide mutagenesis. This core inversion mutant was defective for all ARS function, showing that a fixed relative orientation of the core consensus and 3'-flanking domain is required for function. The 3'-flanking domain of the minimal functional H4 ARS fragment contains three sequences with a 9-of-11-bp match to the core consensus. The role of these near-match sequences was tested by directed mutagenesis. When all near-match sequences with an 8-of-11-bp match or better were simultaneously disrupted by point mutations, the resulting ARS construct retained full replication function. Therefore, multiple copies of a sequence closely related to the core consensus element are not required for H4 ARS function.
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Bouman, Piet M., Martijn D. Steenwijk, Petra J. W. Pouwels, et al. "Histopathology-validated recommendations for cortical lesion imaging in multiple sclerosis." Brain 143, no. 10 (2020): 2988–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa233.
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Abstract Cortical demyelinating lesions are clinically important in multiple sclerosis, but notoriously difficult to visualize with MRI. At clinical field strengths, double inversion recovery MRI is most sensitive, but still only detects 18% of all histopathologically validated cortical lesions. More recently, phase-sensitive inversion recovery was suggested to have a higher sensitivity than double inversion recovery, although this claim was not histopathologically validated. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to provide clarity on this matter by identifying which MRI sequence best detects histopathologically-validated cortical lesions at clinical field strength, by comparing sensitivity and specificity of the thus far most commonly used MRI sequences, which are T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery. Post-mortem MRI was performed on non-fixed coronal hemispheric brain slices of 23 patients with progressive multiple sclerosis directly after autopsy, at 3 T, using T1 and proton-density/T2-weighted, as well as FLAIR, double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequences. A total of 93 cortical tissue blocks were sampled from these slices. Blinded to histopathology, all MRI sequences were consensus scored for cortical lesions. Subsequently, tissue samples were stained for proteolipid protein (myelin) and scored for cortical lesion types I–IV (mixed grey matter/white matter, intracortical, subpial and cortex-spanning lesions, respectively). MRI scores were compared to histopathological scores to calculate sensitivity and specificity per sequence. Next, a retrospective (unblinded) scoring was performed to explore maximum scoring potential per sequence. Histopathologically, 224 cortical lesions were detected, of which the majority were subpial. In a mixed model, sensitivity of T1, proton-density/T2, FLAIR, double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery was 8.9%, 5.4%, 5.4%, 22.8% and 23.7%, respectively (20, 12, 12, 51 and 53 cortical lesions). Specificity of the prospective scoring was 80.0%, 75.0%, 80.0%, 91.1% and 88.3%. Sensitivity and specificity did not significantly differ between double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery, while phase-sensitive inversion recovery identified more lesions than double inversion recovery upon retrospective analysis (126 versus 95; P < 0.001). We conclude that, at 3 T, double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequences outperform conventional sequences T1, proton-density/T2 and FLAIR. While their overall sensitivity does not exceed 25%, double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery are highly pathologically specific when using existing scoring criteria and their use is recommended for optimal cortical lesion assessment in multiple sclerosis.
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HOLT, SUZAN J., WILLIAM A. CRESS, and JOHANNES VAN STADEN. "Evidence for dynamic alteration in histone gene clusters of Caenorhabditis elegans: a topoisomerase II connection?" Genetical Research 79, no. 1 (2002): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672301005390.
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Chromatin integrity is maintained throughout the cell cycle through repair mechanisms and intrinsically by the ordered packaging of DNA in association with histone proteins; however, aberrant rearrangements within and between chromosomes do occur. The role of the nuclear matrix protein topoisomerase II (TopoII) in generating chromosome breakpoints has been a focus of recent investigations. TopoII preferentially binds in vitro to scaffold-associated regions (SARs) and is involved in many DNA processing activities that require chromosome untangling. SARs, biochemically defined DNA elements rich in A+T, have been proposed to serve as structural boundaries for chromatin loops and to delineate functional domains. In our investigation of gene compartmentalization in a eukaryotic genome, SAR-associated nucleotide motifs from Drosophila were mapped in the regions of three histone gene clusters in an in silico analysis of the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Sites with similarity to the 15 bp consensus for TopoII cleavage were found predominantly in A+T enriched intergenic regions. Reiteration of sites matching the TopoII core consensus led to the identification of a novel core histone gene on chromosome IV and provided evidence for duplication and inversion in each of the three histone gene clusters. Breakpoint analysis of DNA flanking reiterated regions revealed potential sites for TopoII cleavage and a base composition phenomenon suggestive of a trigger for inversion events.
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Brejon de Lavergnée, Matthieu. "Les religieuses qui soignent." Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales, no. 38 (July 6, 2021): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/emulations.038.02.
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Si le rôle des religieuses soignantes a été largement étudié concernant le XIXe siècle, tel n’est pas le cas pour le XXe siècle où le modèle français médicalisation/laïcisation a conduit à privilégier l’émergence des infirmières laïques aux dépens des religieuses. Or celles-ci vont accompagner le mouvement de médicalisation de l’hôpital et de professionnalisation de ses métiers. Les facteurs qui y concourent semblent être : la pression politique qui contraint à se former et à gagner les certificats puis diplômes d’infirmière ; l’évolution des fronts sanitaires avec la tuberculose et les sanatoriums après la Première Guerre mondiale ; un consensus de genre entre médecins (hommes) et infirmières (femmes) accepté par les religieuses et soutenu par les administrations hospitalières. De plus, l’insistance sur la formation professionnelle met aussi à mal, après une génération d’efforts, la définition de la vocation comme la distinction entre personnels religieux et laïques au sein de l’hôpital. Les associations d’infirmières comme le syndicalisme hospitalier révèlent ces tensions.
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Sommer-Houdeville, Thomas. "Face à l’État, la solidarité envers les exilés au Pays basque nord." Migrations Société N° 194, no. 4 (2023): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/migra.194.0065.
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Cet article vise à rendre compte de l’étendue du maillage solidaire au Pays basque nord. Il éclaire les rapports de force et les collaborations qui se nouent entre les acteurs associatifs et militants et les institutions locales sur la question migratoire. Dans ce territoire, des initiatives de solidarité venant de la société civile bénéficient du soutien d’institutions locales qui s’opposent à l’approche répressive de l’État français, au nom d’une autre vision des droits fondamentaux des personnes en exil mais aussi au nom d’une identité régionale basque traditionnellement opposée à l’État français et à l’État espagnol. De ce point de vue, la mairie de Bayonne et la Communauté d’agglomération du Pays basque mettent en place une politique locale d’accueil « rebelle » dans le cadre d’une gouvernance multi-niveaux. Ce positionnement s’intègre dans une stratégie d’institutionnalisation du territoire et un consensus qui dépasse la simple question des migrants. Cependant, ces positionnements institutionnels locaux n’empêchent pas l’émergence de tensions avec le mouvement social solidaire.
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Kaufmann, Timothy J., Marion Smits, Jerrold Boxerman, et al. "Consensus recommendations for a standardized brain tumor imaging protocol for clinical trials in brain metastases." Neuro-Oncology 22, no. 6 (2020): 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa030.
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Abstract A recent meeting was held on March 22, 2019, among the FDA, clinical scientists, pharmaceutical and biotech companies, clinical trials cooperative groups, and patient advocacy groups to discuss challenges and potential solutions for increasing development of therapeutics for central nervous system metastases. A key issue identified at this meeting was the need for consistent tumor measurement for reliable tumor response assessment, including the first step of standardized image acquisition with an MRI protocol that could be implemented in multicenter studies aimed at testing new therapeutics. This document builds upon previous consensus recommendations for a standardized brain tumor imaging protocol (BTIP) in high-grade gliomas and defines a protocol for brain metastases (BTIP-BM) that addresses unique challenges associated with assessment of CNS metastases. The “minimum standard” recommended pulse sequences include: (i) parameter matched pre- and post-contrast inversion recovery (IR)–prepared, isotropic 3D T1-weighted gradient echo (IR-GRE); (ii) axial 2D T2-weighted turbo spin echo acquired after injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent and before post-contrast 3D T1-weighted images; (iii) axial 2D or 3D T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery; (iv) axial 2D, 3-directional diffusion-weighted images; and (v) post-contrast 2D T1-weighted spin echo images for increased lesion conspicuity. Recommended sequence parameters are provided for both 1.5T and 3T MR systems. An “ideal” protocol is also provided, which replaces IR-GRE with 3D TSE T1-weighted imaging pre- and post-gadolinium, and is best performed at 3T, for which dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion is included. Recommended perfusion parameters are given.
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Kosugi, Y., B. He, and Y. Hayashi. "A Network Inversion Technique for Estimating Equivalent Dipole Description of Visual Evoked Potential." Methods of Information in Medicine 39, no. 02 (2000): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634280.
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Abstract:For the activation study of the brain, dipole localization from the scalp potential is one of the most promising techniques to realize a reasonable temporal resolution which cannot be realized in functional MR and PET. The goal of our study is to estimate inversely the electrical brain activity in the form of several dipoles from the scalp potential, using a network inversion technique. As a basic approach, we have inversely estimated several dipoles from the potential distribution on a spherical surface, in the homogeneous sphere model.In the training phase, by expanding the neural network input dimensions being redundant, the network can easily learn the forward mapping. In the inversion phase, the space of the expanded-network-input-vector can be narrowed by introducing a penalty term. Additionally, a consensus term was used to force several dipoles to have a similar orientation. We estimate that this is applicable to the localization of several dipoles that reflect the actual brain activity, especially in the visual evoked potentials.
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Hrabia, Michał. "Analyse du préverbe dis- dans une approche contrastive français-polonais." Linguistica Copernicana 20 (March 2, 2024): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/lincop.2023.012.
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Dans cet article, l’auteur examine le préverbe dis- dans une perspective contrastive franco-polonaise. La première partie présente les enjeux théoriques concernant la théorie universelle de la préfixation sémantique, ainsi que les principes et les étapes de l’analyse sémantico-traductionnelle des préfixes. Ladite analyse est basée sur l’hypothèse que différentes significations (c’est-à-dire des valeurs sémantiques) d’un préverbe donné en langue source devraient se manifester dans la traduction des verbes préfixés en langue cible. La deuxième partie contient les résultats de l’application de la méthode proposée dans l’étude du préverbe dis-. En examinant les traductions polonaises de 42 verbes préfixés en dis-, trouvées dans deux dictionnaires, à savoir le Grand dictionnaire français-polonais et Lexique 5, l’auteur conclut que le préverbe analysé est porteur de 4 valeurs sémantiques : la valeur de mouvement/éloignement (physique ou mental) dans diverses directions, la valeur d’annulation ou inversion de l’action antérieure, la valeur de négation et la valeur de cessation/privation. Grâce à la méthode de recherche utilisée, il devient également possible de constater des différences dans la répartition de ces valeurs aux niveaux profonds du français et du polonais.
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Imbach, Ruedi, and Irène Rosier-Catach. "De l’un au multiple, du multiple à l’un : une clef d’interprétation pour le De vulgari eloquentia." Mélanges de l École française de Rome Moyen Âge 117, no. 2 (2005): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mefr.2005.9376.
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La De vulgari eloquentia est construit de manière systématique en trois parties, marquées par la succession de trois termes locutio (mode d’expression, parler caractérisé comme à autrui), ydioma (idiomes associés aux épisodes de la Genèse, d’Adam à Babel), vulgare (vulgaires historiques). Il est articulé selon un mouvement dialectique qui part de l’unité de l’idiome originel, laquelle se voit brisée avec la confusion résultant de la punition divine après Babel, puis la division résultant de la propension humaine à la variation, pour arriver à une tentative de restauration de l’unité linguistique avec l’invention de la grammatica par les Docteurs, à partir d’un consensus savant aboutissant à une langue figée et réglée, et qui doit de ce fait à nouveau être dépassée, non par le choix d’un vulgaire existant puisqu’aucun ne possède les qualités lui permettant d’assumer cette fonction unificatrice, mais par l’invention d’un un qui soit mesure du tout, construit philosophiquement comme un transcendental, par réduction de la multiplicité à ce «qui est commun à tous et propre à chacun » , le vulgaire illustre.
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Nery, Fabio, Charlotte E. Buchanan, Anita A. Harteveld, et al. "Consensus-based technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal ASL MRI." Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 33, no. 1 (2019): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-019-00800-z.
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Abstract Objectives This study aimed at developing technical recommendations for the acquisition, processing and analysis of renal ASL data in the human kidney at 1.5 T and 3 T field strengths that can promote standardization of renal perfusion measurements and facilitate the comparability of results across scanners and in multi-centre clinical studies. Methods An international panel of 23 renal ASL experts followed a modified Delphi process, including on-line surveys and two in-person meetings, to formulate a series of consensus statements regarding patient preparation, hardware, acquisition protocol, analysis steps and data reporting. Results Fifty-nine statements achieved consensus, while agreement could not be reached on two statements related to patient preparation. As a default protocol, the panel recommends pseudo-continuous (PCASL) or flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) labelling with a single-slice spin-echo EPI readout with background suppression and a simple but robust quantification model. Discussion This approach is considered robust and reproducible and can provide renal perfusion images of adequate quality and SNR for most applications. If extended kidney coverage is desirable, a 2D multislice readout is recommended. These recommendations are based on current available evidence and expert opinion. Nonetheless they are expected to be updated as more data become available, since the renal ASL literature is rapidly expanding.
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Rice, Andrew L., Christopher L. Butenhoff, Doaa G. Teama, Florian H. Röger, M. Aslam K. Khalil, and Reinhold A. Rasmussen. "Atmospheric methane isotopic record favors fossil sources flat in 1980s and 1990s with recent increase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 39 (2016): 10791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522923113.
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Observations of atmospheric methane (CH4) since the late 1970s and measurements of CH4 trapped in ice and snow reveal a meteoric rise in concentration during much of the twentieth century. Since 1750, levels of atmospheric CH4 have more than doubled to current globally averaged concentration near 1,800 ppb. During the late 1980s and 1990s, the CH4 growth rate slowed substantially and was near or at zero between 1999 and 2006. There is no scientific consensus on the drivers of this slowdown. Here, we report measurements of the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric CH4 (13C/12C and D/H) from a rare air archive dating from 1977 to 1998. Together with more modern records of isotopic atmospheric CH4, we performed a time-dependent retrieval of methane fluxes spanning 25 y (1984–2009) using a 3D chemical transport model. This inversion results in a 24 [18, 27] Tg y−1 CH4 increase in fugitive fossil fuel emissions since 1984 with most of this growth occurring after year 2000. This result is consistent with some bottom-up emissions inventories but not with recent estimates based on atmospheric ethane. In fact, when forced with decreasing emissions from fossil fuel sources our inversion estimates unreasonably high emissions in other sources. Further, the inversion estimates a decrease in biomass-burning emissions that could explain falling ethane abundance. A range of sensitivity tests suggests that these results are robust.
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Gouverneur, Michel-Guy. "Appropriation de la modernité, retour à l’antique et inversion de la relation de maître à disciple : Diderot entre Eschyle et Updike." Topiques, études satoriennes 4 (January 26, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1074724ar.
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From (M/m)entor to master or guide, the function of the tutor /trainer has been mapped by various authors in Western monarchies. One man questioned this apparent consensus in XVIIIth c. France : Diderot ‘s evolution in this respect is striking and the reason why his position shifted is clearly related to his discovering the character of Prometheus in the Greek text. Hie may still be found to have post-modern followers, even in contemporary America.
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Krainev, Mikhail, Galina Bazilevskaya, Mikhail Kalinin, Vladimir Mihaylov, Albina Svirzhevskaya, and Nikolay Svirzhevsky. "Fifty years of studying the GCR intensity during inversion of heliospheric magnetic fields I. Observations." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 9, no. 4 (2023): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-94202301.
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The effects of the 22-year variation of solar magnetic fields in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity were first observed and interpreted as manifestations of inversion of the high-latitude solar magnetic field in properties of heliospheric magnetic fields by the Lebedev Physical Institute team in 1973. Since then, these effects have been studied already for 50 years.
 The situation with the heliospheric magnetic field is clear for periods of medium and low sunspot activity — the heliosphere consists of two unipolar “hemispheres” separated by a wavy global heliospheric current sheet and characterized by a general polarity A (unit quantity with the sign of the radial component of the heliospheric magnetic field in the northern hemisphere). Yet there is no consensus on what the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field is and which effects in the GCR intensity are connected with this phenomenon.
 In this article, we briefly formulate general concepts of the 22-year variation in characteristics of the Sun, heliosphere, and GCR intensity and discuss the observed effects in the GCR intensity, which we attribute to the heliospheric magnetic field reversal. Models for this phenomenon and the results of GCR intensity calculations with these models will be discussed in the next article.
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Krainev, Mikhail, Galina Bazilevskaya, Mikhail Kalinin, Vladimir Mihaylov, Albina Svirzhevskaya, and Nikolay Svirzhevsky. "Fifty years of studying the GCR intensity during inversion of heliospheric magnetic fields I. Observations." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 9, no. 4 (2023): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-94202301.
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The effects of the 22-year variation of solar magnetic fields in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity were first observed and interpreted as manifestations of inversion of the high-latitude solar magnetic field in properties of heliospheric magnetic fields by the Lebedev Physical Institute team in 1973. Since then, these effects have been studied already for 50 years.
 The situation with the heliospheric magnetic field is clear for periods of medium and low sunspot activity — the heliosphere consists of two unipolar “hemispheres” separated by a wavy global heliospheric current sheet and characterized by a general polarity A (unit quantity with the sign of the radial component of the heliospheric magnetic field in the northern hemisphere). Yet there is no consensus on what the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field is and which effects in the GCR intensity are connected with this phenomenon.
 In this article, we briefly formulate general concepts of the 22-year variation in characteristics of the Sun, heliosphere, and GCR intensity and discuss the observed effects in the GCR intensity, which we attribute to the heliospheric magnetic field reversal. Models for this phenomenon and the results of GCR intensity calculations with these models will be discussed in the next article.
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Calvo Martín, Mariano, Esméralda Rodriguez Palacio, Jean-Louis Deneubourg, and Stamatios C. Nicolis. "Emergence and retention of a collective memory in cockroaches." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0287845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287845.
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The stability of collective decisions-making in social systems is crucial as it can lead to counterintuitive phenomena such as collective memories, where an initial choice is challenged by environmental changes. Many social species face the challenge to perform collective decisions under variable conditions. In this study, we focused on situations where isolated individuals and groups of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) had to choose between two shelters with different luminosities that were inverted during the experiment. The darker shelter was initially preferred, but only groups that reached a consensus within that shelter maintain their choice after the light inversion, while isolated individuals and small groups lacked site fidelity. Our mathematical model, incorporating deterministic and probabilistic elements, sheds light on the significance interactions and their stochasticity in the emergence and retention of a collective memory.
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Gurin, M. N., V. M. Golovach, I. V. Berlev, V. A. Glushchenko, and S. A. Rosengard. "Artificial lung ventilation in patients with morbid obesity during laparoscopic operations in the Trendelenburg position (literature review)." Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION 20, no. 2 (2023): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/2078-5658-2022-20-2-85-90.
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The literature review is devoted to the peculiarities of artificial lung ventilation (ALV) in patients with morbid obesity during laparoscopic oncosurgical interventions in the Trendelenburg position. At present, there are no consensus recommendations on the choice of the optimal ALV mode during anesthesia in this area of oncosurgery. When analyzing data obtained from other types of operations, there was no impression that there were significant advantages of any ALV modes, both with volume and pressure control. However, high values of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) have the most evidence of benefit in this category of patients, and the inversion of the duration of the respiratory cycle phases without creating a high PEEP can help reduce the risk of lung damage when all other ALV techniques do not allow for adequate oxygenation.
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Hervieux, Lucie. "Une théologie de l’altérité : Michel de Certeau." Théologiques 25, no. 1 (2019): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1055246ar.
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La question de l’altérité chez Michel de Certeau est au coeur de sa (dé)-marche théologique et noue inséparablement la question d’un sujet en quête de son désir et en ce qu’il se reconnaît comme manque à être. Quelques repères nous permettent d’étayer l’état de la question. Il semble que pour Certeau, la théologie, s’il en est une, se fait autrement. Depuis la modernité, quelque chose s’est rompu, le « dire » et le « faire » théologiques ne font plus consensus, ni sur les pavés des Églises, ni dans l’ordre des discours relatif à l’éveil des sciences humaines. Un socle s’est rompu. La rupture même fait office de lieu théologique, elle porte une coupure épistémologique : le travail théologique ne peut en aucun temps être fixé une fois pour toutes et figé dans des énoncés évidés de leur fondement, c’est-à-dire qui évacuent l’expérience même d’une rencontre de l’autre et de l’Autre. Il ne s’agit pas pour Michel de Certeau de poser un savoir sur Dieu ni de lui imposer un lieu mais de reconnaître l’(in)-appropriable d’un « non-lieu ». L’acte théologique pose désormais l’acte d’un sujet qui se met en mouvement, entamant une marche incessante, en travail de désir d’autre et en la rencontre de l’Autre. Le discours théologique porte le produit langagier de cette rencontre dans son (im)-possibilité d’en tenir lieu. La théologie devient ainsi elle-même acte d’énonciation.
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Doran, Marie-Christine. "Les femmes et la politique au Chili : la dynamique et l’impact de l’accession au pouvoir de Michelle Bachelet." Articles 23, no. 1 (2010): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044420ar.
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Cet article se penche sur la signification de l’élection d’une présidente au Chili dans des conditions politiques atypiques. Dans un contexte où l’élection de Michelle Bachelet, au second tour des présidentielles de 2006, n’émanait ni d’une évolution institutionnelle favorisant une meilleure représentation politique des femmes, ni d’avancées du mouvement féministe au Chili, l’auteure propose d’analyser les éléments qui marquent néanmoins un héritage politique spécifique et sont susceptibles de distinguer et de marquer le passage d’une femme au pouvoir dans la politique chilienne, malgré des conditions institutionnelles défavorables au départ. Seront ainsi analysés les facteurs qui fondent la profonde légitimité de la présidente à gouverner, avec des taux de popularité sans précédents à la fin de son mandat, de même que les orientations politiques particulières qui permettent de distinguer son gouvernement et de parler désormais des « politiques bacheletistes ». Par des avancées en matière d’égalité des conditions des femmes, par l’adoption de politiques pluralistes se revendiquant de l’élargissement des droits universels et d’une position nouvelle en matière de justice, par l’institution de recours judiciaires inédits et par un nouveau style de politique fondé sur la convocation, la première présidente a marqué la politique chilienne d’une option qui lui est propre, tranchant en partie sur la ligne de politiques d’assistance et la démocratie de consensus adoptée par les précédents gouvernements de la Concertation des partis pour la démocratie depuis la fin de la dictature.
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Hervieux, Lucie. "Une théologie de l’altérité : Michel de Certeau." Théologiques 25, no. 2 (2019): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1056943ar.
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La question de l’altérité chez Michel de Certeau est au coeur de sa (dé)-marche théologique et noue inséparablement la question d’un sujet en quête de son désir et en ce qu’il se reconnaît comme manque à être. Quelques repères nous permettent d’étayer l’état de la question. Il semble que pour Certeau, la théologie, s’il en est une, se fait autrement. Depuis la modernité quelque chose s’est rompue, le « dire » et le « faire » théologiques ne font plus consensus ni sur les pavés des Églises ni dans l’ordre des discours relatif à l’éveil des sciences humaines. Un socle s’est rompu. La rupture même fait office de lieu théologique, elle porte une coupure épistémologique : le travail théologique ne peut en aucun temps être fixé une fois pour toutes et figé dans des énoncés évidés de leur fondement, c’est-à-dire évacuer l’expérience même d’une rencontre de l’autre et de l’Autre. Il ne s’agit pas pour Michel de Certeau de poser un savoir sur Dieu ni de lui imposer un lieu mais de reconnaître l’(in)-appropriable d’un « non-lieu ». L’acte théologique pose désormais l’acte d’un sujet qui se met en mouvement, entamant une marche incessante, en travail de désir d’autre et en la rencontre de l’Autre. Le discours théologique porte le produit langagier de cette rencontre dans son (im)-possibilité d’en tenir lieu. La théologie devient ainsi elle-même acte d’énonciation.
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Hegedűs, Dániel, and Vince Grolmusz. "Robust circuitry-based scores of structural importance of human brain areas." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (2024): e0292613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292613.
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We consider the 1015-vertex human consensus connectome computed from the diffusion MRI data of 1064 subjects. We define seven different orders on these 1015 graph vertices, where the orders depend on parameters derived from the brain circuitry, that is, from the properties of the edges (or connections) incident to the vertices ordered. We order the vertices according to their degree, the sum, the maximum, and the average of the fiber counts on the incident edges, and the sum, the maximum and the average length of the fibers in the incident edges. We analyze the similarities of these seven orders by the Spearman correlation coefficient and by their inversion numbers and have found that all of these seven orders have great similarities. In other words, if we interpret the orders as scoring of the importance of the vertices in the consensus connectome, then the scores of the vertices will be similar in all seven orderings. That is, important vertices of the human connectome typically have many neighbors connected with long and thick axonal fibers (where thickness is measured by fiber numbers), and their incident edges have high maximum and average values of length and fiber-number parameters, too. Therefore, these parameters may yield robust ways of deciding which vertices are more important in the anatomy of our brain circuitry than the others.
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Ambo, Marcel, Raquel de Lello Rocha Campos, Ana Sílvia Meira Tavares Moura, et al. "Genetic linkage maps of chicken chromosomes 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13 from a Brazilian resource population." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 5 (2008): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000500001.
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A linkage map is essential not only for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, but also for the organization and location of genes along the chromosomes. The present study is part of a project whose major objective is, besides from construction the linkage maps, the whole genome scan for mapping QTL for performance traits in the Brazilian experimental chicken population. Linkage maps of chicken chromosomes 6 to 8, 11 and 13 were constructed based on this population. The population was developed from two generations of crossbreeding between a broiler and a layer line. Fifty-one microsatellite markers were tested, from which 28 were informative: 4, 8, 7, 4 and 5 for chromosomes 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13, respectively. A SNP located in the leptin receptor gene was included for chromosome 8. Ten parental, 8 F1 and 459 F2 chickens from five full-sib families were genotyped with these markers. The number of total informative meioses per locus varied from 232 to 862, and the number of phase-known informative meioses from 0 to 764. Marker orders in the chromosomes coincided with those of the chicken consensus map, except for markers ADL0147 and MCW0213, on chromosome 13, which were inverted. The reduced number of phase-known informative meioses for ADL0147 (150) may be pointed out as a possible cause for this inversion, apart from the relative short distance between the two markers involved in the inversion (10.5 cM).
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C. Schon, Lew, Cesar de Cesar Netto, Jonathan Day, et al. "Consensus for the Indication of a Medializing Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy in the Treatment of Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity." Foot & Ankle International 41, no. 10 (2020): 1282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100720950747.
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Recommendation: There is evidence that the medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO) can be effective in treating the progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD). This juxta-articular osteotomy of the tuberosity shifts the mechanical axis of the calcaneus from a more lateral position to a more medial position, which provides mechanical advantage in the reconstruction for this condition. This also shifts the action of the Achilles tendon medially, which minimizes the everting deforming effect and improves the inversion forces. When isolated hindfoot valgus exists with adequate talonavicular joint coverage (less than 35%-40% uncoverage) and a lack of significant forefoot supination, varus, or abduction, we recommend performing this osteotomy as an isolated bony procedure, with or without additional soft tissue procedures. The clinical goal of the hindfoot valgus correction is to achieve a clinically neutral heel, as defined by a vertical axis from the heel up the longitudinal axis of the Achilles tendon and distal aspect of the leg. The typical range when performing a MDCO, while considering the location and rotation of the osteotomy, is 7 to 15 mm of correction. Level of Evidence: Level V, consensus, expert opinion.
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Khalafallah, Adham M., Maureen Rakovec, Chetan Bettegowda, et al. "A Crowdsourced Consensus on Supratotal Resection Versus Gross Total Resection for Anatomically Distinct Primary Glioblastoma." Neurosurgery 89, no. 4 (2021): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyab257.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Gross total resection (GTR) of contrast-enhancing tumor is associated with increased survival in primary glioblastoma. Recently, there has been increasing interest in performing supratotal resections (SpTRs) for glioblastoma. OBJECTIVE To address the published results, which have varied in part due to lack of consensus on the definition and appropriate use of SpTR. METHODS A crowdsourcing approach was used to survey 21 neurosurgical oncologists representing 14 health systems nationwide. Participants were presented with 11 definitions of SpTR and asked to rate the appropriateness of each definition. Participants reviewed T1-weighed postcontrast and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery magnetic resonance imaging for 22 anatomically distinct glioblastomas. Participants were asked to assess the tumor location's eloquence, the perceived equipoise of enrolling patients in a randomized trial comparing gross total to SpTR, and their personal treatment plans. RESULTS Most neurosurgeons surveyed (n = 18, 85.7%) agree that GTR plus resection of some noncontrast enhancement is an appropriate definition for SpTR. Overall, moderate inter-rater agreement existed regarding eloquence, equipoise, and personal treatment plans. The 4 neurosurgeons who had performed >10 SpTRs for glioblastomas in the past year were more likely to recommend it as their treatment plan (P < .005). Cases were divided into 3 anatomically distinct groups based upon perceived eloquence. Anterior temporal and right frontal glioblastomas were considered the best randomization candidates. CONCLUSION We established a consensus definition for SpTR of glioblastoma and identified anatomically distinct locations deemed most amenable to SpTR. These results may be used to plan prospective trials investigating the potential clinical utility of SpTR for glioblastoma.
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Zahn, Jean-Paul. "Instabilities and mixing in stellar radiation zones." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S252 (2008): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308022424.
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AbstractThe standard model of stellar structure is unable to account for various observational facts, and there is now a large consensus that some ‘extra mixing’ must occur in the radiation zones. The possible causes for such mixing are briefly reviewed. The most efficient among them is probably the shear-turbulence generated by the differential rotation, which itself results from the transport of angular momentum that can be mediated through the large-scale circulation induced by structural adjustments or by the applied torques (stellar wind, accretion, tides). In solar-type stars this angular momentum transport is ensured mainly by internal gravity waves that are excited at the boundary with convection zones. Another cause of mixing manifests itself in the red giant phase, namely the thermohaline instability due to an inversion of the molecular weight gradient. The implementation of these processes in stellar evolution codes is giving rise to a new generation of stellar models, which are in much better agreement with the observational constraints.
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Majeed, Haroon, and Donald J. McBride. "Talar process fractures." EFORT Open Reviews 3, no. 3 (2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.3.170040.
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Fractures of the lateral and the posterior processes of the talus are uncommon and frequently missed because of a low level of suspicion and difficulty in interpretation on plain radiographs. Missed fractures can lead to persistent pain and reduced function. Lateral process fractures are usually a consequence of forced dorsiflexion and inversion of fixed pronated foot. These are also commonly known as snowboarder’s fractures. The posterior process of the talus is composed of medial and lateral tubercles, separated by the groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon. The usual mechanism of injury is forced hyperplantarflexion and inversion causing direct compression of the posterior talus, or an avulsion fracture caused by the posterior talofibular ligament. CT scans are helpful in cases of high clinical suspicion. There is a lack of consensus regarding optimal management of these fractures; however, management depends on the size, location and displacement of the fragment, the degree of cartilage damage and instability of the subtalar joint. Non-operative treatment includes immobilization and protected weight-bearing for six weeks. Surgical treatment includes open reduction and internal fixation or excision of the fragments, depending on the size. Fractures of the lateral and the posterior processes of the talus are uncommon but important injuries that may result in significant disability in cases of missed diagnosis or delayed or inadequate treatment. Early diagnosis and timely management of these fractures help to avoid long-term complications, including malunion, nonunion or severe subtalar joint osteoarthritis. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:85-92. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170040
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Lauer, Axel, Chunxi Zhang, Oliver Elison-Timm, Yuqing Wang, and Kevin Hamilton. "Downscaling of Climate Change in the Hawaii Region Using CMIP5 Results: On the Choice of the Forcing Fields*." Journal of Climate 26, no. 24 (2013): 10006–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00126.1.
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Abstract The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been configured as a regional climate model for the Hawaii region (HRCM) to assess the uncertainties associated with the pseudo–global warming (PGW) downscaling method using different warming increments from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model experiments. Results from 15-km downscaling experiments using warming increments from 10 individual CMIP5 models for the two warming scenarios representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and 8.5 (RCP8.5) are compared with experiments using multimodel mean warming increments. The results show that changes in 2-m temperatures, 10-m wind speed, rainfall, water vapor path, and trade wind inversion vary significantly among the individual model experiments. This translates into large uncertainties when picking one particular CMIP5 model to provide the warming increments for dynamical downscaling in the Hawaii region. The simulations also show that, despite the large interexperiment spread, a single downscaling experiment using multimodel mean warming increments gives very similar results to the ensemble mean of downscaling experiments using warming increments obtained from 10 individual CMIP5 models. Robust changes of the projected climate by the end of the twenty-first century in the Hawaii region shown by most downscaling experiments include increasing 2-m temperatures with stronger warming at higher elevations, a large increase in precipitable water, and an increase in the number of days with a trade wind inversion (TWI). Furthermore, most experiments agree on a reduction in TWI height and an increase in the TWI strength. Uncertainties in the projected changes in rainfall and 10-m wind speed are large and there is little consensus among the individual downscaling experiments.
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Martin, Michael P., Valerie L. Gerlach, and David A. Brow. "A Novel Upstream RNA Polymerase III Promoter Element Becomes Essential When the Chromatin Structure of the Yeast U6 RNA Gene Is Altered." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 19 (2001): 6429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.19.6429-6439.2001.
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ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae U6 RNA gene,SNR6, possesses upstream sequences that allow productive binding in vitro of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription initiation factor IIIB (TFIIIB) in the absence of TFIIIC or other assembly factors. TFIIIC-independent transcription ofSNR6 in vitro is highly sensitive to point mutations in a consensus TATA box at position −30. In contrast, the TATA box is dispensable for SNR6 transcription in vivo, apparently because TFIIIC bound to the intragenic A block and downstream B block can recruit TFIIIB via protein-protein interactions. A mutant allele ofSNR6 with decreased spacing between the A and B blocks,snr6-Δ42, exhibits increased dependence on the upstream sequences in vivo. Unexpectedly, we find that in vivo expression of snr6-Δ42 is much more sensitive to mutations in a (dT-dA)7 tract between the TATA box and transcription start site than to mutations in the TATA box itself. Inversion of single base pairs in the center of the dT-dA tract nearly abolishes transcription of snr6-Δ42, yet inversion of all 7 base pairs has little effect on expression, indicating that the dA-dT tract is relatively orientation independent. Although it is within the TFIIIB footprint, point mutations in the dT-dA tract do not inhibit TFIIIB binding or TFIIIC-independent transcription ofSNR6 in vitro. In the absence of the chromatin architectural protein Nhp6, dT-dA tract mutations are lethal even when A-to-B block spacing is wild type. We conclude that the (dT-dA)7 tract and Nhp6 cooperate to direct productive transcription complex assembly on SNR6 in vivo.
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Horino, Atsuko, Tsuyoshi Kenri, Yuko Sasaki, Noboru Okamura, and Tsuguo Sasaki. "Identification of a site-specific tyrosine recombinase that mediates promoter inversions of phase-variable mpl lipoprotein genes in Mycoplasma penetrans." Microbiology 155, no. 4 (2009): 1241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.025437-0.
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Mycoplasma penetrans has the ability to change its surface lipoprotein profiles frequently. The P35 family lipoproteins encoded by the mpl genes are key players in this profile variation. The M. penetrans HF-2 genome has 38 mpl genes that form three gene clusters. Most of these mpl genes have an invertible promoter sequence that is responsible for the ON/OFF switching of individual mpl gene expression. Here, we identified the recombinase that catalyses inversions of the mpl gene promoters. We focused on two open reading frames of the M. penetrans HF-2 genome, namely MYPE2900 and MYPE8180, which show significant homology to the tyrosine site-specific recombinase (Tsr) family proteins. Since genetic tools for M. penetrans are still not developed, we cloned the MYPE2900 and MYPE8180 genes and expressed them in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The promoter regions of the mpl genes [p35 (MYPE6810) or p42 (MYPE6630) genes] were also introduced into M. pneumoniae and E. coli cells expressing MYPE2900 or MYPE8180. Inversion of these promoters occurred in the presence of the MYPE2900 gene but not in the presence of the MYPE8180 gene, indicating that the MYPE2900 gene product is the recombinase that catalyses mpl gene promoter inversions. We used a PCR-based method to detect mpl promoter inversion. This method also enabled us to detect inversions of 10 mpl gene promoters in M. penetrans HF-2 cells. All these promoter inversions occurred at the 12 bp inverted repeat (IR) sequences flanking the promoter sequence. The consensus sequence of these IRs was proposed as TAAYNNNDATTA (Y=C or T; D=A, G or T).
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Fernàndez, Manel, Montserrat Torne, Jaume Vergés, Emilio Casciello, and Chiara Macchiavelli. "Evidence of Segmentation in the Iberia–Africa Plate Boundary: A Jurassic Heritage?" Geosciences 9, no. 8 (2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9080343.
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The present structure of the Iberia–Africa plate boundary between the Gorringe Bank and the Algerian Basin is characterized by a highly segmented geometry and diffused seismicity. Filtered Bouguer gravity data show conspicuous highs coinciding with the Gorringe Bank, the Guadalquivir–Portimao Bank, and the Ronda/Beni–Bousera massifs, reflecting the current geometry of the plate boundary segments. The Africa–Eurasia Alpine convergence produced crustal-scale thrusting in the Atlantic segments and roll-back subduction in the Ligurian–Tethys segments. Despite the growing consensus that the Gorringe and the Guadalquivir–Portimao Banks resulted from tectonic inversion of hyperextended margin structures inherited from the Early Jurassic, this heritage is more debatable for the Ronda/Beni–Bousera massifs lacking models linking the Atlantic and Mediterranean realms. On the basis of gravity analysis combined with plate reconstruction models, geological cross-sections, and recent local tomography, we infer a strong Jurassic heritage of the present-day segmentation and substantiate a comprehensive tectonic evolution model of the Iberia–Africa plate boundary since the Early Jurassic to Recent that includes the Atlantic and the Mediterranean domains.
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Jansma, Abel. "Higher-Order Interactions and Their Duals Reveal Synergy and Logical Dependence beyond Shannon-Information." Entropy 25, no. 4 (2023): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25040648.
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Information-theoretic quantities reveal dependencies among variables in the structure of joint, marginal, and conditional entropies while leaving certain fundamentally different systems indistinguishable. Furthermore, there is no consensus on the correct higher-order generalisation of mutual information (MI). In this manuscript, we show that a recently proposed model-free definition of higher-order interactions among binary variables (MFIs), such as mutual information, is a Möbius inversion on a Boolean algebra, except of surprisal instead of entropy. This provides an information-theoretic interpretation to the MFIs, and by extension to Ising interactions. We study the objects dual to mutual information and the MFIs on the order-reversed lattices. We find that dual MI is related to the previously studied differential mutual information, while dual interactions are interactions with respect to a different background state. Unlike (dual) mutual information, interactions and their duals uniquely identify all six 2-input logic gates, the dy- and triadic distributions, and different causal dynamics that are identical in terms of their Shannon information content.