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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Ion chamber"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 25 de julho de 2025

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1

Khrushchinsky, A. A., and S. A. Kuten. "Primary Ionization Density Produced by Charged Fragments in the Working Volume of the Fission Chambers." Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems 24, no. 4 (2021): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/1561-4085-2021-24-4-329-337.

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The question of the spatial distribution of ion pairs created by 235U fission fragments in the active volume of the fission chamber has been studied. The formulas of the spatial distribution of ion pairs in cylindrical fission chambers are proposed, which allows you to evaluate correctly the density of ion pairs in any point in the sensitive volume of the fission chamber

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2

Heald, Steve M. "Special Considerations for Helium-Filled Ion Chambers." Instruments 9, no. 1 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments9010005.

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As the flux at synchrotron radiation beamlines increases, helium-filled ion chambers are more common to avoid saturation and non-linearities. For helium, this paper will show that the conversion of the current to flux is best performed using the mass-energy cross-section but is complicated by a strong interaction of scattered photons with the ion chamber plates. This makes the conversion highly dependent on the ion chamber geometry, and an accurate flux determination will typically require a calibration. To minimize the sensitivity of the calibration to external influences, it is proposed to a

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3

Cockbaine, D. R. "Ion mobility scanning ion chamber." IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology 140, no. 2 (1993): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-3.1993.0025.

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4

Elbashir, Fawzia E. M., Wassim Ksouri, Farouk Habbani, Ahmed M. El-Khayatt, Mohamed Hassan Eisa, and Ibrahim I. Suliman. "Analysis of Uncertainties in Clinical High-Energy Photon Beam Calibrations Using Absorbed Dose Standards." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 3857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083857.

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We compared the results of absorbed dose measurements made using the TRS-398, TG-51, and DIN protocols and their associated uncertainties to reduce discrepancies in measurement results made using the three protocols. This experiment was carried out on two Varian Medical linear accelerators with 4, 6, 10, and 20 MV photon energies using FC65-G and CC15 (cylindrical) and NACP-02-type (plane-parallel) ion chambers in water phantoms. The radiation beam quality index (Q) was determined from the measurement of percentage depth dose. It was used to determine the photon beam quality factor required wi

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5

WELCH, D. R., D. V. ROSE, W. M. SHARP, C. L. OLSON, and S. S. YU. "Effects of preneutralization on heavy ion fusion chamber transport." Laser and Particle Beams 20, no. 4 (2002): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034602204279.

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Beams for heavy ion fusion are likely to require at least partial neutralization in the reactor chamber. Present target designs call for higher beam currents and smaller focal spots than most earlier designs, leading to high space-charge fields. Focusing is complicated by beam stripping in the low-pressure background gas expected in chambers. One method proposed for neutralization is passing an ion beam through a plasma before the beam enters the chamber. In this article, the electromagnetic particle-in-cell code LSP is used to study the effectiveness of this form of preneutralization for a ra

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6

Matsufuji, Naruhiro, Tetsuharu Matsuyama, Shinji Sato, and Toshiyuki Kohno. "Recombination characteristics of therapeutic ion beams on ion chamber dosimetry." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 44 (January 2016): 1660218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516602180.

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In heavy ion radiotherapy, ionization chambers are regarded as a standard for determining the absorbed dose given to patients. In ion dosimetry, it is necessary to correct the radiation quality, which depends on the initial recombination effect. This study reveals for the radiation quality dependence of the initial recombination in air in ion dosimetry. Ionization charge was measured for the beams of protons at 40–160 MeV, carbon at 21–400 MeV/n, and iron at 23.5–500 MeV/n using two identical parallel-plate ionization chambers placed in series along the beam axis. The downstream chamber was us

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7

Romero, Luciano, Roberto Santorelli, Edgar Sánchez García, et al. "Experimental Study of the Positive Ion Feedback from Gas to Liquid in a Dual-Phase Argon Chamber and Measurement of the Ion Mobility in Argon Gas." Universe 8, no. 2 (2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8020134.

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The dynamics of the positive ions created by particle interactions inside argon time projection chambers plays an important role in characterizing the next generation of massive detectors planned for the direct search for dark matter and the study of neutrino properties. We have constructed a 1 L liquid argon chamber (ARION: ARgon ION experiment) with a high voltage pulse generator capable of injecting, in a controlled manner, a sizeable ion current into the drift region. This chamber is capable of reproducing a volume charge similar to that found in large detectors, allowing its effects to be

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8

Abgaryan, V. K., A. V. Melnikov, A. Yu Kupreeva, and O. D. Peisakhovich. "Geometry Design Optimization of High-Frequency Ion Thrusters and Ion Sources." Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1028096023050023.

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The article presents the results of the computational determination of the optimal design geometry of a certain type of quasi-neutral plasma source. The scheme of an ion source with an inductive plasma discharge formed and maintained by a radio-frequency electromagnetic field in a MHz frequency range is considered. The surface profiles optimization of the main design units – namely, gas discharge chamber and ion extraction system – was carried out via computational modelling. Calculations were carried out using the previously developed engineering model of inductive discharge in plasma. The op

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9

Kannan, Mageshraja, Sathiyan Saminathan, B. Shwetha, Varatharaj Chandraraj, D. Gowtham Raj, and K. M. Ganesh. "Validation of Microionization Chambers in Small-field Dosimetry." Journal of Medical Physics 49, no. 2 (2024): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmp.jmp_9_24.

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Aim: This study aims to validate the Razor Nano Chamber (RNC) and Razor Chamber (RC) dosimetric characteristics in a small field. The dosimetric parameters of the two chambers were compared. Materials and Methods: The chamber characteristics of leakage (pre and post), stability, energy dependency, dose linearity, dose rate effect, stem effect, angular dependency, ion recombination effect, and polarity effect were studied. Relative dose measurements of the percentage depth dose, profile measurement, and output factor (OF) measurements were performed for small fields. All measurements were perfo

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10

Mascali, D., A. Galatà, S. Gallo, et al. "Redefining plasma chambers for ECR Ion Sources: the IRIS structure." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012003.

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Abstract One possible way to optimize microwave coupling and plasma confinement in Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Sources is a revolutionary design strategy of plasma chambers, breaking the cylindrical symmetry. This contribution reports about the design and numerical validation of an innovative resonant cavity playing as plasma chamber of ECR ion sources. The new chamber, named IRIS (Innovative Resonators for Ion Sources), was argued starting from the 3D structure of the plasma and, therefore, fashioned to the twisting magnetic structure. The microwave launching scheme was radically c

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11

Patwe, Parimal T., Sudesh S. Deshpande, and Gajanan R. Mahajan. "Evaluation of Ion Recombination Correction for Indigenously Developed Farmer Ion Chamber in Flattening Filter-Free Photon Beams." Journal of Medical Physics 49, no. 2 (2024): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmp.jmp_136_23.

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Purpose and Aim: Modern generation linear accelerator (linac) either generates X-rays with a flattening filter (WFF beam) or without flattening filter free (FFF beam). The FFF beams are associated with a significantly higher dose per pulse compared to WFF beams due to the absence of a flattening filter and the corresponding attenuation caused by it. This results in increased ion recombination and a larger saturation correction factor (ks). In accordance with the IAEA TRS 398 dosimetry protocol, ks is necessary for the accurate measurement of absorbed dose at a point in water. The objective of

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12

Ma, Xiao-Yun, Yan-Shan Zhang, Wan-Bin Meng, et al. "Energy-Related Scatter Analysis for Determining the Effective Point of Measurement of Cylindrical Ion Chamber in Heavy Charged Particle Carbon Ion Beam." BioMed Research International 2021 (October 22, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8808537.

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Purpose. An experimental and mathematical study for determining the effective point of measurement ( P eff ) for a Farmer-type cylindrical chamber in a carbon ion passive scatter beam is presented. Methods. The ionization depth curves measured by the Bragg peak chamber were plotted according to the position of the inner surface of the entrance window, while the Farmer chamber was plotted at the tip of the cylindrical geometric center. The ionization depth curves measured by a cylindrical chamber in the 3D water phantom were then compared with a high-precision parallel-plate PTW Bragg peak cham

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13

Pradhan, Harapriya, Omkar A. Shinde, Makarand M. Ghangrekar, and Supriya Sarkar. "Bioremediation of Steel Plant Wastewater and Improved Electricity Generation in Bio-Electrochemical Desalination Cell." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.648.

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A new technology called microbial desalination cell (MDC) approaches a comprehensive way to design an innovative system for removal of organic matter and dissolved solids from wastewater. In this study, two laboratory scale MDCs having three chambered (3C-MDC) and five chambered (5C-MDC) configuration were developed for integrated biodegradation of steel plant wastewater. The 3C-MDC have anodic, middle desalination and cathodic chamber; while 5C-MDC have anodic, cathodic, middle desalination and two concentrate chambers separated by ion exchange membranes. Using synthetic saline water with 8 a

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14

Deng, Yi, Nurul Asyikeen Ab Mutalib, An-Ju Hsueh, Jian Xiong, Hiroaki Suzuki, and Seiya Tsujimura. "Potential Control for Bipolar Electrochemical Systems By Closed Circuits Including Ion-Selective Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 54 (2024): 3657. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02543657mtgabs.

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Introduction Bipolar electrode (BPE) is an independent conductor immersed in the electrolyte and without directly connected to the external electronic circuit. Compared with the traditional three-electrode system, a BPE has unique advantages including a simple electrode structure, flexible sensing design, as well as the wireless driving (1). Therefore, in promoting multiplexed electrochemical detection, bipolar electrochemistery provides an effective solution for integrated design. However, given the absence external electronic circuit connection, precise control of the interfacial potential f

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15

Marks, L. D., M. Kubozoe, M. Tomita, M. Ukiana, T. Furutsu, and T. Matsui. "Design and initial performance of a UHV-HREM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100105357.

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We report here on the basic design and the initial performance of a fully bakeable UHV-HREM. The instrument, see Figure 1,is based upon a conventional H-9000 electron microscope with the natural differential pumping of the column separating the standard gun and photographic chambers from the UHV specimen chamber. The addition of small ion pumps at the condenser aperture, the selected area aperture and between the two projector lenses (see Figure 2) (which attain operational pressures of ∼2 X 10-8, ∼2 X 10-8 and ∼2 X 10-7 Torr respectively) assist this differential pumping. To achieve full UHV

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16

GRISHAM, L. R. "Potential roles for heavy negative ions as driver beams." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 4 (2003): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603214117.

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We have performed an initial assessment of the feasibility of producing heavy negative ion beams as drivers for an inertial confinement fusion reactor. Negative ion beams offer the potentially important advantages relative to positive ions that they will not draw electrons from surfaces and the target chamber plasma during acceleration, compression, and focusing, and they will not have a low energy tail. Intense negative ion beams could also be efficiently converted to atomically neutral beams by photodetachment prior to entering the target chamber. Depending on the target chamber pressure, th

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17

Olson, Craig L. "Chamber transport for heavy ion fusion." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 733 (January 2014): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.05.089.

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Shumard, B., T. Pennington, D. J. Henderson, et al. "Transmission ion chamber: Design and application." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 241, no. 1-4 (2005): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.055.

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19

Asada, Yasuki. "Measurement of Output by Ion Chamber." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 66, no. 4 (2010): 66_4_I. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.66.66_4_i.

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20

Morrow, Robert C., and Theodore W. Tibbitts. "Air Ion Exposure System for Plants." HortScience 22, no. 1 (1987): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.1.148.

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Abstract A system was developed for subjecting plants to elevated air ion levels. This system consisted of a rectangular Plexiglas chamber lined with a Faraday cage. Air ions were generated by corona discharge from frayed stainless steel fibers placed at one end of the chamber. This source was capable of producing varying levels of either positive or negative air ions. During plant exposures, environmental conditions were controlled by operating the unit in a growth chamber.

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21

Brücken, Erik, and Timo Hildén. "GEM Foil Quality Assurance For The ALICE TPC Upgrade." EPJ Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817403004.

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The ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is dedicated to heavy ion physics to explore the structure of strongly interacting matter. The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of ALICE is a tracking detector located in the central region of the experiment. It offers excellent tracking capabilities as well as particle identification. After the second long shutdown (LS2) the LHC will run at substantially higher luminosities. To be able to increase the data acquisition rate by a factor of 100, the ALICE TPC experiment has to replace the Multi-Wire Pr

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22

Saminathan, Sathiyan, Henry Finlay Godson, Retna Ponmalar, Ravikumar Manickam, James Mazarello, and Rahul Fernandes. "Dosimetric Performance of Newly Developed Farmer-Type Ionization Chamber in Radiotherapy Practice." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 15, no. 6 (2016): NP113—NP120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533034615621635.

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Dose measurement with ionization chamber is essential to deliver accurate dose to the tumor in radiotherapy. The cylindrical Farmer-type ionization chamber is recommended by various dosimetry protocols for dose measurement of radiotherapy beams. The air-equivalent graphite wall Farmer-type ionization chamber (FAR 65 GB) of active volume 0.65 cm3 with aluminum as the central electrode material was fabricated. Various dosimetric parameters were studied for the newly developed ionization chamber in cobalt-60, 6 and 18 MV photon beams. The preirradiation and postirradiation leakage of the chamber

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23

Avdic, Senada, Adnan Beganovic, Armin Lagumdzija, et al. "Comparative analysis of gamma dose rates measured by ion chamber in and around the historical sacral objects in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 34, no. 2 (2019): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp181122013a.

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The main objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the indoor and outdoor ambient dose equivalent rates measured by the ion chamber inside and around the historical sacral objects at a few locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The investigated objects made of the traditional building materials were built in the Late Medieval, Post Medieval, and Ottoman Period of Bosnia and Herzegovina history. The LUDLUM Model 9DP instrument based on a pressurized ion chamber was selected for natural low level radiation measurements since the ionisation chambers have higher sensitivitie

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24

Odorici, F., G. Castro, O. Leonardi, et al. "Design and preliminary tests of an Active Plasma Chamber for ECR Ion Sources." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (2024): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012024.

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Abstract An innovative plasma chamber for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) has been developed at INFN and will soon be installed and tested with the AISHa (Advanced Ion Source for Hadrontherapy) ion source. It consists in inserting a particular liner into the existing chamber, which allows an electrical segmentation of the internal walls of the chamber. The purpose of this system is to reduce the ion losses induced by the anisotropic diffusion mechanism, to improve the plasma confinement and thus to increase the overall performance of the ion source. In fact, in ECRIS plasmas,

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25

Pradhan, Harapriya, and M. M. Ghangrekar. "Multi-chamber microbial desalination cell for improved organic matter and dissolved solids removal from wastewater." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 12 (2014): 1948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.438.

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A five-chamber microbial desalination cell (MDC) with anode, cathode, one central desalination chamber and two concentrate chambers separated by ion exchange membranes was operated in batch mode for more than 60 days. The performance of the MDC was evaluated for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, total dissolved solids (TDS) removal and energy production. An average COD removal of 81 ± 2.1% was obtained using acetate-fed wastewater as substrate in the anodic chamber inoculated with mixed anaerobic sludge. TDS removals of 58, 70 and 78% were observed with salt concentration of 8, 20 and 30 g

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26

Rondo, L., A. Kürten, S. Ehrhart, et al. "Effect of ions on the measurement of sulfuric acid in the CLOUD experiment at CERN." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 11 (2014): 3849–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3849-2014.

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Abstract. Ternary aerosol nucleation experiments were conducted in the CLOUD chamber at CERN in order to investigate the influence of ions on new particle formation. Neutral and ion-induced nucleation experiments, i.e. without and with the presence of ions, respectively, were carried out under precisely controlled conditions. The sulfuric acid concentration was measured with a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (CIMS) during the new particle formation experiments. The added ternary trace gases were ammonia (NH3), dimethylamine (DMA, C2H7N) or oxidised products of pinanediol (PD, C10H18O2).

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Rondo, L., A. Kürten, S. Ehrhart, et al. "Effect of ions on the measurement of sulphuric acid in the CLOUD experiment at CERN." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 7 (2014): 6595–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-6595-2014.

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Abstract. Ternary aerosol nucleation experiments were conducted in the CLOUD chamber at CERN in order to investigate the influence of ions on new particle formation. Neutral and ion-induced nucleation experiments, i.e., with and without the presence of ions, were carried out under precisely controlled conditions. The sulphuric acid concentration was measured with a Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) during the new particle formation experiments. The added ternary trace gases were ammonia (NH3), dimethylamine (DMA, C2H7N) or oxidised products of pinanediol (PD, C10H18O2). When pinaned

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Begum, Afia, and Nobuhisa Takata. "Recombination Parameters of some Fabricated Ionization Chambers." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics 4, no. 1 (2013): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14694.

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Some pancake and spherical type ionization chambers of various size have been designed and fabricated for absolute air kerma measurement in 60Co and 137Cs ?-ray fields at the Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (PSDL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan. Values of recombination parameters A and m2g of these ionization chambers are obtained using a method proposed by De Almeida and Niatel and adopted by Boutillon. For absolute air kerma measurement, it is important to obtain accurate signal currents by correcting it for ion losses using t

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Hoffman, David, Eunah Chung, Clayton Hess, Robin Stern, and Stanley Benedict. "Characterization and evaluation of an integrated quality monitoring system for online quality assurance of external beam radiation therapy." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 18, no. 1 (2016): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12014.

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AbstractPurposeThe aim of this work was to comprehensively evaluate a new large field ion chamber transmission detector, Integral Quality Monitor (IQM), for online external photon beam verification and quality assurance. The device is designed to be mounted on the linac accessory tray to measure and verify photon energy, field shape, gantry position, and fluence before and during patient treatment.MethodsOur institution evaluated the newly developed ion chamber's effect on photon beam fluence, response to dose, detection of photon fluence modification, and the accuracy of the integrated barome

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Anvari, Akbar, Seyed Mahmoud Reza Aghamiri, Seyed Rabie Mahdavi, and Parham Alaei. "Statistical analysis on 2D array of ion chamber performance." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 14, no. 2 (2015): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396914000442.

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AbstractPurposeIn this work, dosimetric properties of the PTW Octavius detector in and out of the irradiation field have been evaluated. The 2D array of ion chambers has the potential to simplify the linear accelerator QA and pre-treatment verification.Materials and methodsThe evaluation was performed using customised written codes in Matlab and SPSS software for statistical analysis.ResultsExperiments indicate that the reproducibility and stability of the measurements were excellent; the detector showed the same signal with a maximum deviation of <0·5% in the short and long term. Compariso

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Fu, Yu-Liang, Juan Yang, Bin Wang, Zhan Hu, Xu Xia, and Hao Mou. "Numerical study on abnormal flameout of 2-cm electron cyclotron resonance ion source." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 8 (2022): 085203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20212151.

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A 2-cm electron cyclotron resonance ion source has the advantages of long life and high specific impulse, which can meet the requirements for space gravitational waves detection. In the experiment on finding the lower limit of thrust, it is found that when the ion source operates under the extreme condition of 0.5-W microwave power and 0.1-sccm gas flow rate, increasing the voltages of grid system excessively may cause flameout. The plasma discharge level is controlled by the gas supply, microwave, and power supply system, and their small disturbances will make experimental results different,

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Mizuno, T., N. S. Park, H. Tsuno, and T. Hidaka. "Evaluating effective volume and hydrodynamic behavior in a full-scale ozone contactor with computational fluid dynamics simulation." Water Supply 4, no. 5-6 (2004): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0118.

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An ozone reaction model combined with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technique was developed in this research. In the simulation of ozonation, hydrodynamic behavior caused by bubbling of ozone contacting-gas is important as well as reaction kinetics. CFD technique elucidated hydrodynamic behavior in the selected ozone contactor, which consisted of three main chambers. Back-mixing zone was found in each chamber. The higher velocities of water were observed in the second and third chambers than that in the first one. The flow of the opposite direction to the main flow was observed near the w

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He Wusheng, 贺武生, 孙安邦 Sun Anbang, 毛根旺 Mao Genwang, 霍超 Huo Chao, and 陈茂林 Chen Maolin. "Numerical simulation of ion thruster discharge chamber." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22, no. 12 (2010): 3020–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20102212.3020.

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Sharp, William M., Debra A. Callahan, Max Tabak, et al. "Modeling Chamber Transport for Heavy-Ion Fusion." Fusion Science and Technology 43, no. 3 (2003): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst03-a283.

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Callahan, Debra A. "Chamber propagation physics for heavy ion fusion." Fusion Engineering and Design 32-33 (November 1996): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(96)00500-5.

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Kudryavtsev, Yu, T. E. Cocolios, J. Gentens, et al. "Dual chamber laser ion source at LISOL." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 267, no. 17 (2009): 2908–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.06.013.

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Watanabe, N. "Compensator for angular response of ion chamber." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 20, no. 2 (1987): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/20/2/010.

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Szymanski, J. J., J. D. Bowman, P. P. J. Delheij, et al. "Ion chamber system for neutron flux measurements." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 340, no. 3 (1994): 564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)90139-2.

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Jayamanna, K., F. Ames, Y. Bylinskii, et al. "TRIUMF’s H-/D- Ion Source Development to Date." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (2024): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012039.

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Abstract The TRIUMF Stable Ion Source group has been developing negative and positive ion sources for decades, including a few arc-discharge H-/D- ion sources and a microwave-driven H-/D- ion source for medical cyclotrons [1] and other applications. The smallest ion source with a 125 cc plasma chamber can produce up to 5 mA continuously. The largest ion source with a 1200 cc plasma chamber is able to produce 60 mA with increased arc power and enhanced magnetic confinement. The filament-less microwave ion source is capable of producing up to 5 mA H- current for years without any manual interven

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Franchin, A., S. Ehrhart, J. Leppä, et al. "Experimental investigation of ion–ion recombination under atmospheric conditions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 13 (2015): 7203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7203-2015.

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Abstract. We present the results of laboratory measurements of the ion–ion recombination coefficient at different temperatures, relative humidities and concentrations of ozone and sulfur dioxide. The experiments were carried out using the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at CERN, the walls of which are made of conductive material, making it possible to measure small ions. We produced ions in the chamber using a 3.5 GeV c−1 beam of positively charged pions (π+) generated by the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS). When the PS was switched off, galactic cosmic rays were the only ionizat

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Garty, G., A. D. Harken, and D. J. Brenner. "Traceable dosimetry for MeV ion beams." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (2022): T02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/t02002.

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Abstract Standard dosimetry protocols exist for highly penetrating photon and particle beams used in the clinic and in research. However, these protocols cannot be directly applied to shallow penetration MeV-range ion beams. The Radiological Research Accelerator Facility has been using such beams for almost 50 years to irradiate cell monolayers, using self-developed dosimetry, based on tissue equivalent ionization chambers. To better align with the internationally accepted standards, we describe implementation of a commercial, NIST-traceable, air-filled ionization chamber for measurement of ab

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Cox, M. J., M. J. Kim, Hong Xu, and R. W. Carpenter. "Silicon Wafer Bonding: Effect of Wafer Surface Treatment on Interface Structure and Chemistry." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 1074–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037867.

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The two most important characteristics of any surface considered for wafer bonding are cleanliness, surface smoothness and macroscopic flatness. Silicon wafers in the as-received condition have a native oxide on the surface several nanometers thick [1], Figure la shows that they also have a layer of hydrocarbons. While they are not clean, they are smooth. Our wafers were plasma or ion cleaned, chemically treated, and ultra high vacuum (UHV) thermal desorption annealed in different combinations to find the best method for providing smooth, contamination free substrates that will produce an atom

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Fu, S. H., L. C. Tian та Z. F. Ding. "Effects of secondary γ-electrons from accelerator grid under ion impingement in gridded ion sources". Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, № 2 (2022): 025004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac3968.

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Abstract Thus far, effects of secondary γ-electrons emitted from accelerator grids (AGs) of gridded ion sources on ionization in discharge chambers have not been studied. The presence and induced processes of such secondary electrons in a microwave electron cyclotron resonance gridded ion source are confirmed by the consistent explanations of: (1) the observed jump of ion beam current (I b) in case of a low-density plasma appearing at the chamber’s radial center due to the microwave skin effect; (2) the evolution of glow images recorded from the end-view of the ion source during the jump of I

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Alme, J., T. Alt, H. Appelshäuser, et al. "Signal shapes in multiwire proportional chamber-based TPCs." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 02 (2024): P02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/02/p02038.

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Abstract A large-volume Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the main tracking and particle identification (PID) detector of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. PID in the TPC is performed via specific energy-loss measurements (dE/dx), which are derived from the average pulse-height distribution of ionization generated by charged-particle tracks traversing the TPC volume. During Runs 1 and 2, until 2018, the gas amplification stage was based on multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC). Signals from the MWPC show characteristic long negative tails after an initial positive peak due to the long ion

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Clarke, Lane L. "A guide to Ussing chamber studies of mouse intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 296, no. 6 (2009): G1151—G1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90649.2008.

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The Ussing chamber provides a physiological system to measure the transport of ions, nutrients, and drugs across various epithelial tissues. One of the most studied epithelia is the intestine, which has provided several landmark discoveries regarding the mechanisms of ion transport processes. Adaptation of this method to mouse intestine adds the dimension of investigating genetic loss or gain of function as a means to identify proteins or processes affecting transepithelial transport. In this review, the principles underlying the use of Ussing chambers are outlined including limitations and ad

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Yang, Yang, Guan Wang, Wenming Zhou, Xingkang Su, Long Gu, and Di Yun. "Design and optimization analysis of key parameters for a compact ion source for BNCT." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 12 (2024): P12018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/12/p12018.

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Abstract The 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) is widely recognized as an effective device for producing high-intensity H+, H2 +, and H3 + beams. In medical cyclotron applications, ion sources are required to be compact and highly adjustable. A compact design not only reduces the equipment size, facilitating integration and installation, but also enhances system stability and reliability. High precision in adjustment ensures the quality and stability of the ion beam, meeting the stringent requirements of medical treatments. Therefore, designing a high-performance compact

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Lekatou, Aristea, Vasiliki Peppa, Pantelis Karaiskos, Evangelos Pantelis, and Panagiotis Papagiannis. "On the potential of 2D ion chamber arrays for high-dose rate remote afterloading brachytherapy quality assurance." Physics in Medicine & Biology 67, no. 8 (2022): 085011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac612d.

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Abstract Objective. To investigate the potential of 2D ion chamber arrays to serve as a standalone tool for the verification of source strength, positioning and dwell time, within the framework of 192Ir high-dose rate brachytherapy device quality assurance (QA). Approach. A commercially available ion chamber array was used. Fitting of a 2D Lorentzian peak function to experimental data from a multiple source dwell position irradiation on a frame-by-frame basis, facilitated tracking of the source center orthogonal projection on the array plane. For source air kerma strength verification, Monte C

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Abgaryan, V. K., D. S. Demchenko, A. V. Melnikov, and O. D. Peisakhovich. "Radio-frequency ion thruster with magnetic shielding of the discharge chamber walls." Izvestiâ Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriâ fizičeskaâ 88, no. 4 (2024): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367676524040091.

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We presented the results of a computational study on optimizing the shape of the main elements of a radio-frequency ion thruster – the discharge chamber and the ion-extraction system grids. The possibility of improving the integral characteristics of thrusters and ion sources due to the use of an additional magnetostatic field in the RF discharge region was considered. The performed series of calculations made it possible to determine the optimal geometry of the discharge chamber and of the RIT ion-extraction system grids, as well as the configuration of the additional magnetic field, at which

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NIGMATZYANOV, Vladislav V., Veniamin A. POGODIN, Lev N. RABINSKIY, Sergey A. SITNIKOV, and Thant ZIN HEIN. "POLYMER PRECURSORS FOR CREATING GAS DISCHARGE CHAMBER FOR ELECTRIC ROCKET ENGINE." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 35 (2020): 560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.47_nigmatzyanov_pgs_560_568.pdf.

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Electric rocket engines are widely used in space technology. Furthermore, at present, electric propulsion engines are also used as mid-flight engines for flights in interplanetary space. On modern spacecraft, the following types of electric propulsion are mostly used: SPT and grid ion thruster. When using these engines as sustainers, it is important is to increase the total power for obtaining the required thrust and specific impulse. With an increase in total power, the volume of the discharge chamber increases, which leads to technological difficulties in the manufacture of discharge chamber

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Nariyama, Nobuteru. "Current saturation in free-air ionization chambers with chopped synchrotron radiation." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 20, no. 5 (2013): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049513016154.

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Saturation curves for free-air ionization chambers with electrode gap widths of 4.2, 8.4 and 18 mm were obtained for 10 and 15 keV undulator synchrotron radiation thinned with a 230 Hz rotating-disk chopper. Ion recombination in free-air ionization chambers was found to be inversely proportional to the applied electric field, and an expression that satisfactorily reproduced the ion-recombination rate is determined. A comparison of the expressions for continuous and pulsed X-rays revealed that chopped high-intensity X-rays require a higher voltage to attain saturation when the product of the pu

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