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1

Wihananto, Arfan Johan, and Yon Machmudi. "Lebanon:." Jurnal ICMES 5, no. 2 (2021): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i2.105.

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Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya pemerintah Lebanon untuk memposisikan Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) sebagai kekuatan pertahanan utama dalam menjamin kedaulatan negara. LAF sebagai institusi militer reguler berkompetisi dengan kekuatan Hizbullah, sehingga fenomena tersebut menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah Lebanon secara domestik dan internasional dalam memperebutkan legitimasi publik, terlepas dari isu-isu kolusi dan dependensi terhadap eksistensi aktor internal maupun intervensi eksternal. Artikel ini juga memberikan rekomendasi solusi yang didasarkan pada hasil observasi selama
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2

McLaurin, Ronald D. "Lebanon." Current History 91, no. 561 (1992): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1992.91.561.29.

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3

Comair-Obeid, Nayla. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 6, no. 1 (1999): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129800x00177.

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4

Comair-Obeid, Nayla. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 7, no. 1 (2000): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129801x00158.

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5

Comair-Obeid, Nayla. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 8, no. 1 (2001): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129802x00166.

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6

Obeid, Nayla Comair. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 10, no. 1 (2003): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000056.

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Obeid, Nayla Comair. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 11, no. 1 (2004): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000100.

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Comair-Obeid, Nayla. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 13, no. 1 (2006): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000173.

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9

Diab, Nader Iskandar, and Tamer Mallat. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 16, no. 1 (2010): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000250.

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10

Howayek, Samar. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 18, no. 1 (2017): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987_01801008.

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11

Mallat, Chibli. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 1, no. 1 (1994): 204–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129895x00191.

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12

Mallat, Chibli. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 2, no. 1 (1995): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129896x00136.

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13

Mallat, Chibli. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 3, no. 1 (1996): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129897x00199.

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14

Mallat, Chibli. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 4, no. 1 (1997): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129898x00161.

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15

Comair-Obeid, Nayla. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 5, no. 1 (1998): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129899x00179.

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16

Antun, F., Charles Baddoura, and Mounir Khani. "Lebanon." International Psychiatry 4, no. 1 (2007): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005117.

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Lebanon is a western Asian country with an area of 10 452 km2 and a population of around 4 million (excluding the 10 million Lebanese immigrants worldwide). It has approximately 60 psychiatrists, mostly concentrated in the capital, Beirut, although a trend for decentralisation is currently observed. The number of psychiatrists is steadily increasing as postgraduate training centres have been established during the past decade. There are, however, few sub-specialists, owing to a lack of adequate training programmes.
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17

Mallat, Tamer, and Samar Howayek. "Lebanon." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 17, no. 1 (2013): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283688_011.

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18

Daher, Michel, Hussein Tabari, Jan Stjernswärd, et al. "Lebanon." Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 24, no. 2 (2002): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-3924(02)00463-3.

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19

EVERTS, SARAH. "LEBANON." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 89, no. 13 (2011): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n013.p042.

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20

El-Khoury, Joseph, and Bernadette Medawar. "Beirut, Lebanon." Lancet Psychiatry 8, no. 2 (2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30561-7.

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21

Habib, H. "Lebanon... Notwithstanding." Confluences Méditerranée N°73, no. 2 (2010): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/come.073.0139.

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22

Makdisi, Jean Said, and Robert Fisk. "Lebanon Agonistes." Transition, no. 53 (1991): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2935180.

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23

Quandt, William B., and Amine Gemayel. "Rebuilding Lebanon." Foreign Affairs 72, no. 2 (1993): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20045594.

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24

Isaacs, A. "LEBANON II." Common Knowledge 15, no. 1 (2009): 97–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-2008-047.

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25

Obeid, Nayla Comair. "Lebanon 2006." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 12, no. 1 (2005): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000139.

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26

Comair-Obeid, Nayla. "Lebanon 2008." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 14, no. 1 (2008): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000215.

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27

Cooke, Miriam. "Reimagining Lebanon." South Atlantic Quarterly 94, no. 4 (1995): 1075–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-94-4-1075.

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28

Yani, Siti Mariyani, Niswa Safitri, and Zakiya Darojat. "Tradisi Bulan Muharram dalam Ragam Kelompok Islam di Lebanon Abad ke-20." Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam 13, no. 1 (2023): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v13i1.862.

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Tradisi keagamaan di Lebanon semakin menarik ketika dilihat dengan ragam kelompok agama Islam yang dianut oleh masyarakatnya. Islam tentu masih menduduki peringkat pertama sebagai agama mayoritas di negara Timur Tengah tersebut. Namun di samping menjadi agama yang paling banyak dianut, Islam di Lebanon memiliki kelompok yang beragam. Artikel ini akan memfokuskan bagaimana praktik tradisi keagamaan Islam, yaitu perayaan Bulan Muharram di tengah banyaknya kelompok Islam di Lebanon. Perbedaan maupun persamaan dalam menjalankan tradisi Islam antar kelompok juga menjadi fokus dalam penelitian. Deng
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29

Purwanto, Sigit, Salim Basalamah, Syahrir Mallongi, and Sukmawati Sukmawati. "Effects of Recruitment, Leadership, and Local Culture on Discipline and Performance of Garuda Contingent Soldiers in Lebanon." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 5 (2020): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i5.1749.

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This research was conducted aiming to analyze the Effect of Recruitment, Leadership, and Local Culture on Discipline and Performance of Garuda Contingent Soldiers in Lebanon.This research is a quantitative study with a positivist approach that uses primary data through a sample survey of 305 soldiers serving in Lebanon as a sample of 1,290. Garuda Indonesia contingent soldiers in Lebanon. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis.The results showed that: 1). Recruitment had a positive and significant effect on the discipline of Ind
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30

Hibatullah, Farhan. "Politik Konfesionalisme Lebanon." Jurnal ICMES 5, no. 1 (2021): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i1.103.

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Artikel ini membahas tentang politik konfesionalisme yang telah menjadi sebuah pilihan politik atas keberagaman agama masyarakat Lebanon. Politik konfesionalisme adalah sistem pemerintahan yang secara proporsional mengalokasikan kekuasaan politik berdasarkan agama. Keberagaman agama yang ada di Lebanon tidak terlepas dari perjalanan sejarah yang kompleks, yang kemudian berdampak kepada perubahan sosial di Lebanon. Keberagaman tersebut kerap menimbulkan berbagai masalah di Lebanon, bahkan termasuk konflik bersenjata. Konflik bersenjata terbesar di Lebanon terjadi pada periode tahun 1975-1990. P
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31

Hill, Peter. "Asad Rustum and the Egyptian Occupation of Syria (1831–1841): Between Narratives of Modernity and Documentary Exactitude." Philological Encounters 6, no. 3-4 (2021): 288–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-bja10021.

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Abstract The Lebanese historian Asad Rustum (1897–1965) devoted much of his career to the study of Ottoman Syria in the early nineteenth century. For him, this history culminated in the dramatic events of 1840–41, when a Lebanese armed uprising against an Egyptian occupation, combined with European intervention, triggered far-reaching changes in the region’s politics. This article explores how Rustum’s accounts of the Egyptian occupation period and its end refract the complexities of that moment itself, through the dilemmas of a self-consciously professional historian working under the French
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32

Talhouk, S. N., R. Zurayk, and S. Khuri. "Conservation of the coniferous forests of Lebanon: past, present and future prospects." Oryx 35, no. 3 (2001): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00180.x.

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AbstractConiferous forests are an important component of the Lebanese landscape. Ten species of conifers in five genera are found as wild populations in Lebanon: Cilician fir Abies cilicica, cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani, Mediterranean Cyprus Cupressus sempervirens, Syrian juniper Juniperus drupacea, Grecian juniper J. excelsa, willdenow J. foetidissima, prickly juniper J. oxycedrus, Calabrian pine Pinus brutia, Aleppo pine P. halepensis and stone pine P. pinea. Although none of these species are seriously threatened in a global context, they exist in Lebanon mostly as fragmented and degraded
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33

Ostash, Ihor. "Unknown Pages from the History of Ukrainian-Lebanese Relations." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-23.

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The article describes the period of diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Lebanon at the time of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate in the light of the ruling of Governor Muzaffer Pasha, or Władysław Czajkowski (1902–7), a representative of the Ottoman Empire of Ukrainian origin. By examining historical and information sources, the author proves Ukrainian descent of the Governor of Lebanon, while also presenting riveting facts from the life of his father, Michał Czajka-Czajkowski. The article offers an insight into the political activities of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate in the realms of la
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34

Ullumuddin Zuhri, Nur Alam, and Siah Khosyiah. "Hukum Keluarga Kontemporer dalam Tata Hukum Lebanon dan Suriah." QONUN: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-undangan 8, no. 2 (2024): 161–82. https://doi.org/10.21093/qj.v8i2.8762.

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Setiap negara memiliki konstitusi dan sistem hukum masing-masing dalam mengatur negara dan penduduknya. Negara-negara yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam sudah mulai melakukan pembenahan terhadap sistem hukum negaranya masing-masing, baik hukum pidana maupun hukum perdata. Tidak lepas dari sorotan perubahan ini adalah hukum keluarga yang mengatur tentang perkawinan, pengasuhan anak, pewarisan dan lain-lain. Penelitian dalam artikel ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan historis dan pendekatan
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35

Kharroubi, Samer A. "Modeling SF-6D Health Utilities: Is Bayesian Approach Appropriate?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168409.

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Background: Valuation studies of preference-based health measures like SF6D have been conducted in many countries. However, the cost of conducting such studies in countries with small populations or low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can be prohibitive. There is potential to use results from readily available countries’ valuations to produce better valuation estimates. Methods: Data from Lebanon and UK SF-6D value sets were analyzed, where values for 49 and 249 health states were extracted from samples of Lebanon and UK populations, respectively, using standard gamble techniques. A nonpa
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36

Janmyr, Maja. "Precarity in Exile: The Legal Status of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon." Refugee Survey Quarterly 35, no. 4 (2016): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdw016.

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Lebanon has had an ambiguous approach to the more than one million Syrians seeking protection in the country since 2011. The country is neither party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, nor does it have any national legislation dealing with refugees. In October 2014, Lebanon’s Council of Ministers adopted the first comprehensive policy on Syrian displacement, one explicit goal of which is to decrease the number of Syrians in Lebanon by reducing access to territory and encouraging return to Syria. This ambition is currently being implemented through the December 2014 Gene
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37

Lotarski, Piotr. "Threats to the security of Polish military contingents in the UN forces on the example of the PMC in Lebanon – experiences and perspectives." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 204, no. 2 (2022): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8980.

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This paper attempts to identify threats to the security environment of Lebanon and the prospects for their changes, affecting the activities of Polish military contingents and their personnel, taking into account historical aspects, internal and external threats and contemporary conditions of the security environment of the region and Lebanon. It uses the results of research conducted by the author in the years 2012-2020. Included in the study there are Polish military contingents operating as part of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) between 1992 and 2009, such as: the Poli
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38

Saadé, Nina, Pascale Salameh, and Bernadette Barbour. "Conditions de travail et congé maternel au Liban (Note de recherche)." Sciences sociales et santé 28, no. 2 (2010): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sosan.2010.1965.

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Working conditions and maternity leave in Lebanon In Lebanon, women are working more often than in the past. The objective of this work is to evaluate maternity leave duration and problems encountered by Lebanese women during and after pregnancy. A crosssectional study was carried out to assess work conditions of 802 mothers regarding their last pregnancy and delivery. The analysis shows that maternity leave and working women rights are not respected in Lebanon. There is an urgent necessity to reinforce the law in Lebanon.
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39

Kravchenko, V. D., A. L. L. Friedman, and G. C. Müller. "The Anti-Lebanon ridge as the edge of the distribution range for Euro-Siberian and Irano-Turanian faunistic elements in the Mediterranean biome: A case study (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 45, no. 180 (2017): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.57065/shilap.888.

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The Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon ridges are located in the middle of a narrow “Mediterranean ecozone” corridor stretching along the Levantine coast. Both ridges are high enough to feature a complete range of altitude zones, which includes an alpine tragacanth belt (> 2000 m a.s.l.). The southernmost part of the Anti-Lebanon ridge is situated in the northernmost part of Israel. Among the 548 Israeli Noctuidae species, 106 species (21%) occur only in this small mountainous area. Among them, 17 are endemic and the populations of the remaining 89 species are at the edge of their distribution range.
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40

El Sayed, Mazen J., and Jamil D. Bayram. "Prehospital Emergency Medical Services in Lebanon: Overview and Prospects." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 2 (2012): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12001732.

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AbstractPrehospital emergency medical services in Lebanon are based on volunteer systems with multiple agencies. In this article, a brief history of the development of prehospital care in Lebanon is presented with a description of existing services. Also explored are the different aspects of prehospital care in Lebanon, including funding, public access and dispatch, equipment and supplies, provider training and certification, medical direction, and associated hospital-based emergency care.El Sayed MJ, Bayram JD. Prehospital Emergency Medical Services in Lebanon: overview and prospects. Prehosp
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41

J. Dagher, Dr Walid. "Predicting Perceived NGOs’ Performance in Lebanon: An Econometric Approach." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 12-SPECIAL ISSUE (2019): 704–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11sp12/20193268.

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42

International Monetary Fund. "Lebanon: Selected Issues." IMF Staff Country Reports 06, no. 200 (2006): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451822687.002.

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43

International Monetary Fund. "Lebanon: Statistical Appendix." IMF Staff Country Reports 06, no. 204 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451822700.002.

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44

Miller, Linda B. "Israel's Lebanon war." International Affairs 62, no. 2 (1986): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618421.

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Traboulsi, Elias I., Fadi Jurdi-Nuwayhid, George T. Frangieh, and Vazken M. Der Kaloustian. "Retinoblastoma in Lebanon." Ophthalmic Paediatrics and Genetics 7, no. 1 (1986): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13816818609058039.

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46

Devlin, John F. "Syria and Lebanon." Current History 87, no. 526 (1988): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1988.87.526.77.

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47

Rabinovich, Itamar. "Paralysis in Lebanon." Current History 89, no. 544 (1990): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1990.89.544.73.

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48

Rabinovich, Itamar. "Syria and Lebanon." Current History 86, no. 517 (1987): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1987.86.517.61.

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49

al-Din, Shaykh Muhammad Shams, and Nada Radwan. "Lebanon Must Unite." Journal of Palestine Studies 14, no. 4 (1985): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2537140.

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50

Sayigh, Rosemary. "Palestinians in Lebanon." Journal of Palestine Studies 26, no. 3 (1997): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2538160.

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