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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Legal expert systems"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 20 de fevereiro de 2023

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1

Leith, Philip. "Legal expertise and legal expert systems." International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 2, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600869.1986.9966227.

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2

MacCormick, Neil. "Legal deduction, legal predicates and expert systems." International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 5, no. 2 (June 1992): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01101868.

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3

Bequai, August. "Legal status of expert systems." Computer Law & Security Review 8, no. 3 (May 1992): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-3649(92)90061-d.

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4

Yoshino, Hajime. ""Legal Expert" Project." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 1, no. 2 (December 20, 1997): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1997.p0083.

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Since 1992, about 30 Japanese lawyers and computer scientists have been intensively engaged in a project of systematizing and computerizing legal reasoning. This project is the Study of Development of a Legal Expert System - Exploration of Legal Knowledge Structure and Implementation of Legal Reasoning or, in short, the "Legal Expert" Project. In this paper, I would like to introduce the Legal Expert project, explaining the goals, study organizations and their tasks in constructing legal expert systems in Japan.

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5

Zeide, Janet S., and Jay Liebowitz. "Using Expert Systems: The Legal Perspective." IEEE Expert 2, no. 1 (March 1987): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mex.1987.4307032.

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6

Greenleaf, Graham, Andrew Mowbray, and Alan Tyree. "Legal expert systems: Words, words words … ?" International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 3, no. 1 (January 1987): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600869.1987.9966258.

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7

WATERMAN, DONALD A., JODY PAUL, and MARK PETERSON. "Expert systems for legal decision making." Expert Systems 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1986.tb00203.x.

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8

Gemignani, Michael C. "Some legal aspects of expert systems." Expert Systems with Applications 2, no. 4 (January 1991): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-4174(91)90035-d.

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9

Raghupathi, Wullianallur, and Lawrence L. Schkade. "Legal Expert Systems Design: The Blackboard Model." Human Systems Management 12, no. 2 (1993): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1993-12207.

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10

Oskamp, Anja. "Model for knowledge and legal expert systems." Artificial Intelligence and Law 1, no. 4 (December 1992): 245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00186723.

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11

Zeide, Janet S., and Jay Liebowitz. "Institutionalizing expert systems: Guidelines and legal concerns." AI & Society 6, no. 3 (July 1992): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02472801.

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12

STAMPER, RONALD K. "The Role of Semantics in Legal Expert Systems and Legal Reasoning." Ratio Juris 4, no. 2 (July 1991): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9337.1991.tb00094.x.

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13

Cornelia, Ana-Maria, Cristinel Ioan Murzea, Bogdan Alexandrescu, and Angela Repanovici. "Expert Systems with Applications in the Legal Domain." Procedia Technology 19 (2015): 1123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.160.

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14

Raho, Louis E., James A. Belohlav, and David R. Drehmer. "Expert systems in organizations: Legal and ethical considerations." Information & Communications Technology Law 3, no. 1 (January 1994): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600834.1994.9965691.

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15

Dimyadi, Johannes, Sam Bookman, David Harvey, and Robert Amor. "Maintainable process model driven online legal expert systems." Artificial Intelligence and Law 27, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10506-018-9231-3.

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16

Lucash, Richard M. "Legal liability for malfunction and misuse of expert systems." ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 18, no. 1 (July 1986): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/15698.15700.

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17

Hyman, William A., Waymon L. Johnston, and Steven Spar. "Legal liability and system safety applied to expert systems." Computers & Industrial Engineering 16, no. 3 (January 1989): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(89)90155-1.

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18

NITTA, Katsumi, and Ken SATOH. "AI Applications to the Law Domain in Japan." Asian Journal of Law and Society 7, no. 3 (October 2020): 471–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2020.35.

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AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and law is an AI research area that has a history spanning more than 50 years. In the early stages, several legal-expert systems were developed. Legal-expert systems are tools designed to realize fair judgments in court. In addition to this research, as information and communication technologies and AI technologies have progressed, AI and law has broadened its view from legal-expert systems to legal analytics and, recently, a lot of machine-learning and text-processing techniques have been employed to analyze legal information. The research trends are the s

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19

Vredenburgh, Alison, Jason Young, David Liske, and Stephen Young. "Cross-Border Testifying Tips: U.S. Experts in Canada and Canadian Experts in the U.S." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601601.

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Professionals who are allowed by a court to serve as expert witnesses are granted the special legal status of offering opinion and theoretical evidence based on human factors research and provided facts that the expert did not witness themselves. The role of the Human Factors forensic expert in U.S. and Canadian court cases has become more common over the past two decades as lawyers become increasingly aware of the specialized nature of this field of study. U.S. and Canadian Human Factors experts sometimes find themselves being retained by firms on the other side of the border due to their spe

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20

Wigan, M. R. "Legal and ethical issues in expert systems used in planning." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 14, no. 3 (1987): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b140305.

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21

MACKAAY, EJAN, DANIEL POULIN, JACQUES FRÉMONT, PAUL BRATLEY, and CONSTANT DÉNIGER. "The Logic of Time in Law and Legal Expert Systems." Ratio Juris 3, no. 2 (July 1990): 254–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9337.1990.tb00062.x.

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22

Ashley, Kevin D. "Case-based reasoning and its implications for legal expert systems." Artificial Intelligence and Law 1, no. 2-3 (1992): 113–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00114920.

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23

Cannataci, Joseph A. "Liability for medical expert systems: An introduction to the legal implications." Medical Informatics 14, no. 3 (January 1989): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14639238908994999.

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24

HYMAN, WILLIAM A. "Legal Liability in the Development and Use of Medical Expert Systems." Journal of Clinical Engineering 14, no. 2 (March 1989): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004669-198903000-00010.

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25

ALLEN, LAYMAN E., SALLYANNE PAYTON, and CHARLES S. SAXON. "Synthesizing Related Rules from Statutes and Cases for Legal Expert Systems." Ratio Juris 3, no. 2 (July 1990): 272–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9337.1990.tb00063.x.

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26

Downs, Willard, and Kelley Ann Newton. "Legal implications in development and use of Expert Systems in agriculture." Journal of Agricultural Ethics 2, no. 1 (March 1989): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01831548.

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27

Sutton, Steve G., Ronald Young, and Phyllis McKenzie. "An Analysis of Potential Legal Liability Incurred Through Audit Expert Systems." Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management 4, no. 3 (September 1995): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1099-1174.1995.tb00091.x.

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28

Abbas, Dr Aamir, and Dr Atika Lohani. "Features of Objective and Independent Nature of Expert Evidence: Prospective Joint Venture for Scientific and Legal Actors in Pakistan." Journal of Law & Social Studies 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.03.02.214227.

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The academic approach towards relevancy, reliability, validity and admissibility of scientific expert evidence, is important to the literature on scientific evidence. This article, however, underpins the fact that the reliability test of scientific expert evidence is baseline test and suggests the importance of admissibility test and the assessment of probative value on the objective standards of scientific expert evidence. Nevertheless, the test concerns with features of objective and independent nature of expert evidence. This is real challenge for adversarial systems and depends on how the

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29

Gasparian, S. "LOCATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE LEGAL RULES IN LEGAL REGULATION OF HUMAN PROVISION OF COURT AND EXPERT OFFICES OF UKRAINE." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 20, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2019.13.

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Proper selection and placement directly affect the effectiveness of forensic activities and are impossible without taking into account all factors related to their staffing, in particular, the administrative and legal framework of staffing. The key role in the process of forensics is played by state specialized institutions and expert services, which are required by law to carry out forensic activities. Legal regulation of staffing of judicial and expert institutions is carried out in accordance with the norms of international and European law, the Constitution of Ukraine, the codes of U

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30

Filipenko, N. Ye. "INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITY." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.31.

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This article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical problems of using information systems in forensic science research. Main features of forensic science research at the present stage are carried out that can be attributed to their high research intensity, use of cybernetics achievements which integrating into criminalistics and forensic science act as a catalyst for further development of its traditional means and methods based on achievements of natural, technical and human sciences. The great influence of informatics on forensic expert practice is due to optimization of cognitive pr

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31

Svensson, Jörgen S. "Legal expert systems in social administration: From fearing computers to fearing accountants." Information Polity 7, no. 2,3 (March 20, 2003): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ip-2002-0010.

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32

Chaplow, David G., Janet L. Peters, and Rob R. Kydd. "The Expert Witness in Forensic Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 4 (December 1992): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679209072098.

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Forensic psychiatry operates at the interface of the Justice and Health systems and has been defined as: “That branch of psychiatry which requires special knowledge and training in the law as it relates to the mental state of the offender, or alleged offender” [1]. As a consequence of working in this area, psychiatrists are often called into court to give evidence as “expert witnesses”. This article examines some of the professional and legal issues involved in providing expert testimony. Secondly, it aims to outline some practical guidelines for giving evidence in the court-room. The predomin

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33

Yoshino, Hajime, and Katsumi Nitta. "Special Issue on AI and Law." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 1, no. 2 (December 20, 1997): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1997.p0081.

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Lawyers use a reasoning process known as legal reasoning to solve legal problems. Legal expert systems could potentially help lawyers solve legal problems more quick and adequately, enable students to study law at school or at home more easily, and help legal scholars and professionals analyze the law and legal systems more clearly and precisely.In 1992, Hajime Yoshino of Meiji Gakuin University started a “Legal Expert Systems” project. This “Legal Expert” project is funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture and is scheduled to run from May 1992 to March 1998. Yoshino o

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34

Clarke, Roger. "Legal Aspects of Knowledge-Based Technology." Journal of Information Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1988): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839628800300103.

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A definition of knowledge-based technology (KBT) is provided which is more operational than conventional definitions of the term ‘expert systems’. Ownership rights in products developed using KBT are considered and difficulties discussed. Legal liabilities which may arise from such products are considered and issues identified. It is concluded that commercial exploitation of KBT may be hindered by these legal difficulties. Some policy implications are identified.

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35

Taylor, Jason. "Linking psychiatric registers to decision support systems." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 5 (May 1992): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.5.275.

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This paper discusses the concept of Psychiatric Register Integrated Support Modules (PRISM). It addresses issues around the linkage of longitudinal data held on individual patients in case register systems to expert and other decision support systems. The paper describes two developed systems which link to the SafetyNet case register system, an inexpensive and comprehensive Mental Health Information System which runs on single or networked computers and which was previously described in detail (Taylor & Bhumgara, 1989). The merits of the two approaches in aiding clinical decision making on

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36

Tan, Yao-Hua, and Walter Thoen. "INCAS: a legal expert system for contract terms in electronic commerce." Decision Support Systems 29, no. 4 (December 2000): 389–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9236(00)00085-3.

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37

Krämer, K., V. Wienert, and M. Marshall. "Expert appraisal of venous diseases." Phlebologie 44, no. 04 (July 2015): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12687/phleb2266-4-2015.

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SummaryUnusual features and problems at the expert assessment of vein damages and venous diseases are described, including indications for rational and evidence based diagnostics adapted to the needs. Besides it was an essential concern to point out important actual conceptual changes for the expert assessment in the legal scheme by the German social civil code (Sozialgesetzbuch VI). So the concepts of occupational disability (Berufsunfähigkeit) and of lost of earning capacity (Erwerbsunfähigkeit) don‘t exist in the legal pension scheme since 01st 01st 2001 any more. The idea of the “reduction

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38

Mital, Vijay, and Les Johnson. "Professional negligence and financial‐legal expert systems: Architectures to enable the reasonableness defence." Information & Communications Technology Law 1, no. 1 (January 1992): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600834.1992.9965642.

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39

Gordon, Thomas F. "Some problems with prolog as a knowledge representation language for legal expert systems." International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 3, no. 1 (January 1987): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600869.1987.9966253.

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40

Susskind, Richard E. "EXPERT SYSTEMS IN LAW: A JURISPRUDENTIAL APPROACH TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LEGAL REASONING." Modern Law Review 49, no. 2 (March 1986): 168–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1986.tb01683.x.

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41

Yuslan, Siti Nursyakirah, and Sera Rosanto. "Reconstruction of Expert Testimony For Determining The Judge Considering iIn The Corruption Case Based On Justice." Law Development Journal 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.1.1.18-24.

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Calculation of state losses can only be done by an expert. Experts here are not only experts in the field of financial audit but also engineers who will calculate the feasibility of construction of a building in case of corruption was related to the construction field. Expert who has the competence do calculating the quantity of a building and the price of a building is a person who has a construction management certification. Judge in assessing the truth of the testimony / evidence, in the RIB in the know with 3 systems of evidence include; free system (Vrij Bewijk); positive system (wettelli

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42

Keith, Lawrence, John Leeder, Rean Monfils, and Bill Stavropoulos. "THE OIL SPILL SAMPLING ADVISOR (OSSA): EXPERT SYSTEM." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-1077.

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ABSTRACT Expert systems are computer programs that emulate a human expert's decision-making process in a particular domain of knowledge. Over 15,000 expert systems have been developed around the world for assistance over a wide range of topics and subjects. Expert systems are seen as having a dual use as they assist in the training of individuals in a particular subject, and they also offer fast, effective on-the-spot advice in the form of easy to answer questions. Oil spill response requires highly technical training and specialized knowledge. Several expert systems have been created to assis

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43

Fejes, Erzsébet, and Iván Futó. "Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration – Supporting Administrative Decisions." Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly 66, Special edition 2021/1 (2021): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2021_s_1_2.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is an increasingly popular concept, although it is often used only as a marketing tool to label activities that are very far from AI. The purpose of this article is to show what artificial intelligence (AI) tools - expert systems - can actually be used for administrative decision in public administration. The end of the administrative decision must be justified in detail according to the legal regulations. Expert systems do this. The other large group of AI tools, solutions based on machine learning, act as black boxes, mapping input data to output data, so the rea

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44

Komissarova, Ya V., and N. K. Danilevich. "Peculiarities of a Polygraph Examiner’s Report in a Criminal Case in Russia and the United States." Kutafin Law Review 9, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2713-0525.2022.3.21.544-563.

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From a legal standpoint, the pr ocess of investigating crimes and the order of proceedings in a criminal case differ in different countries. However, there are points of convergence where the differences in legal systems are not so important. In the modern world, Latin proverb Jura novit curia postulates that judges cannot and should not have knowledge from other sciences. Therefore, lawyers of all countries use the help of persons with special (non-legal) knowledge. In Russia, only an investigator or a judge can appoint an expert examination to obtain an expert opinion. An accused and defense

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45

Shmelev, A. D. "COMMON SENSE AND LINGUISTIC EXAMINATION IN DIFFERENT LEGAL SYSTEMS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-3-214-219.

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The paper discusses the role of linguistic examination in civil law and common law legal systems. It argues that while it is forensic linguistic expertise that often plays an important role in civil law systems, the lay people’s opinion is crucial in common law systems. It suggests that the best way to obtain adequate results for civil law systems (including the Russian legal system) is to combine the two approaches, that is, to make use of an expert linguistic analysis of the linguistic competence of lay speakers of the language in question. Various examples illustrate the point (among them t

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46

Rylski, Piotr. "System biegłych sądowych w sprawach cywilnych we Francji." Prawo w Działaniu 50 (2022): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.32041/pwd.5004.

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The aim of the study is to present the principles of the functioning of the system of court experts in France in relation to civil proceedings. The article discusses the systemic status of experts, the mechanism of appointing experts in civil proceedings and the role of the parties at this stage. The procedural possibilities of the parties’ participation in the preparation of the expert opinion as well as the possibilities of its assessment and questioning were also presented. The method of financing expert opinions and awarding remuneration to experts was indicated. The rules for entering exp

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47

Galindo, Fernando. "Expert systems as tools for the explanation of the legal domain: The ARPO experiences." Expert Systems with Applications 4, no. 4 (January 1992): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-4174(92)90129-g.

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48

Lipova, A. Yu. "Man against machine: Debates in the expert community on the lethal autonomous systems." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 13, no. 4 (January 13, 2022): 182–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2021-13-4-182-204.

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In the recent years debates surrounding the autonomous weapons systems development and regulation have gained a new momentum. Despite the fact that the development of such type of weapons continues since the twentieth century, recent technological advances open up new possibilities for development of completely autonomous combat systems that will operate without human in-tervention. In this context, international community faces a number of ethical, legal, and regulatory issues. This paper examines the ongoing debates in both the Western and the Russian expert community on the challenges and p

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49

Almășan, Adriana. "Expresii juridice fără nicio noimă." Analele Universitării din București Drept 2019 (March 26, 2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/aubd.2019.11.

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Lawyers should be expert communicators, most of their drafting requiring preciseness and efficient phrasing. However, in practice, legal writing is rarely conveying the information effectively, regardless its importance: from contracts to legislation, from legal literature to documents submitted in courts one may find imprecise, pompous, leaden legal language. Oddly enough, the inadequacies traverse legal systems, languages and cultures, the critique being uniformly applicable around the world. This study follows the legal writing tradition and advocates the simplification and accessibility of

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50

Steffany, Steffany. "Comparison of Civil Law and Common Law in Australia and Surrounding Countries." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v5i3.24389.

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This study aims to determine the legal system can be interpreted in two ways. First, the legal system is defined as a unit of components or elements (sub-systems) as follows: material law-formal law and civil law-public law. Included in this view are those who see the legal system as a unity between various laws and regulations with legal principles. Second, the legal system is defined as a unity of components: legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. Eric L Richard, an expert in global business law, divides the main legal systems into six legal families: Civil law, Common law, Isl

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