Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Lichen biomonitoring"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Lichen biomonitoring"
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Giordani, Paolo. "Lichen Diversity and Biomonitoring: A Special Issue". Diversity 11, n.º 9 (18 de setembro de 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090171.
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Lichens are symbiotic organisms susceptible to environmental alteration due to their morphological and physiological features. For this reason, researchers and decision-makers are extensively using lichen biomonitoring for assessing the effects of various anthropogenic disturbances. The Special Issue was launched to fulfil some knowledge gaps in this field, such as the development of procedures to interpret and compare results. The SI includes three reviews that explore the application of lichen biomonitoring for detecting the effects of climate change. Three articles and one review paper examined the use at a decision level of biomonitoring of air pollution employing lichens, including the application in environmental forensic. Finally, six research articles are illustrative examples of lichen biomonitoring in poorly known habitats, providing data from the physiological to the community level of observation, and pose the basis for extending comparable approaches on a global scale.
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LARSEN VILSHOLM, René, Pat A. WOLSELEY, Ulrik SØCHTING e P. Jim CHIMONIDES. "Biomonitoring with lichens on twigs". Lichenologist 41, n.º 2 (março de 2009): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282909007208.
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AbstractTwo surveys of the lichen and bryophyte flora growing on oak twigs from a Welsh and a Danish locality were compared with additional data on bark pH and % nitrogen in thalli ofHypogymnia physodes. Despite differences in climate and lichen flora, both sites showed a shift in the lichen communities from nitrogen sensitive (nitrophobe) to nitrogen tolerant (nitrophile) species, which was correlated with both increasing bark pH and an increase in total nitrogen in thalli ofH. physodes. The floristic survey from Wales was a repetition of a study eight years earlier (Wolseley & Pryor 1999) now showing a loss of nitrophobes in all sites and the appearance of nitrophiles in pasture sites in 2003. This study demonstrates that lichens on twigs can be used as an early warning system to detect a response to changes in land management and nitrogen deposition.
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Brunialti, Giorgio, e Paolo Giordani. "Variability of lichen diversity in a climatically heterogeneous area (Liguria, NW Italy)". Lichenologist 35, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2003): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2002.0417.
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AbstractThe influence of environmental variables on epiphytic lichens in Liguria (NW Italy) was examined using two complementary approaches. Firstly, the variability of lichen vegetation in relation to environmental variables was investigated. Secondly, the variability of Lichen Biodiversity (LB) counts, used in biomonitoring studies, was analysed in relation to bioclimatic areas. Geomorphology strongly affects lichen vegetation. The coastal mountain ridge and the Tyrrhenian-Po valley watershed limit the distribution range of three different communities: a Parmelion community with a high frequency of coastal suboceanic species, a Parmelion community rich in oak wood species and the Pannelietum acetabuli association, situated beyond the Po Valley watershed. Substantial differences in the distribution of lichen communities related to a climatic gradient (from humid Mediterranean to dry sub-Mediterranean regions) are not matched by corresponding statistically significant differences in LB counts. More accurate studies are necessary to define homogeneous bioclimatic areas, in which LB values can be compared for biomonitoring purposes.
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Chiari, Marcela, Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê, William Raimundo Costa e Ana Paula Milla dos Santos Senhuk. "Biomonitoring of air pollution: a dichotomous key for lichen species identification". Ciência e Natura 42 (29 de junho de 2020): e77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x41851.
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Biomonitoring has been seen as complementary analysis to physicochemical methods and as a low-cost alternative, mainly for regions lacking air pollution control programs. Despite being the most widely used bioindicator for this type of pollution, lichens are not easily identified and this methodology is restricted to groups of expert researchers. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyze lichen diversity in urban and industrial areas, in order to elaborate a dichotomous key to identify the listed species, based on easily visualized features. Lichens with leaf stalks belonging to family Parmeliaceae and genus Parmotrema were the most abundant, which are known for their resistance to air pollution. The study sites generally presented low lichen diversity, which may also have been influenced by the degree of vegetation around them. This result reinforces the importance of green areas for mitigating air pollution in urban environment. The dichotomous key elaborated for the lichen species found aims to support research, environmental education and management activities, and may expand the use of lichens as air-quality bioindicators.
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Jafarova, Mehriban, Tania Contardo, Julian Aherne e Stefano Loppi. "Lichen Biomonitoring of Airborne Microplastics in Milan (N Italy)". Biology 11, n.º 12 (14 de dezembro de 2022): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121815.
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This study investigated the deposition of airborne microplastics (MPs) in the urban area of Milan across 12 sites and at a background control site (northern Italy) using 3-month transplants of the fruticose lichen species Evernia prunastri (exposed in triplicate). The primary objective was to evaluate the use of lichen transplants for the assessment of MP deposition; as such, the study sites spanned a gradient in vehicular traffic and population density across four concentric land-use zones (i.e., urban parks, centre, semi-periphery, and periphery). A total of 149 MP particles were detected in the exposed lichen samples; 94.6% were classified as fibres and 5.4% as fragments. The control site and urban parks experienced a similar number of MPs per gram of dry lichen (20–26 MP/g), while a higher number of MPs were detected in central and peripheral areas (44–56 MP/g), with a clear increasing gradient from the city centre towards the periphery. We estimated the MP deposition in Milan to be in the range of 43–119 MPs m2/d, indicating that people living in Milan are exposed to airborne MPs, with potential health effects. This study suggests that lichens are suitable biomonitors of airborne MPs under a relatively short exposure of three months in urban environments.
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Brunialti, Giorgio, Luisa Frati, Cristina Malegori, Paolo Giordani e Paola Malaspina. "Do Different Teams Produce Different Results in Long-Term Lichen Biomonitoring?" Diversity 11, n.º 3 (19 de março de 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11030043.
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Lichen biomonitoring programs focus on temporal variations in epiphytic lichen communities in relation to the effects of atmospheric pollution. As repeated surveys are planned at medium to long term intervals, the alternation of different operators is often possible. This involves the need to consider the effect of non-sampling errors (e.g., observer errors). Here we relate the trends of lichen communities in repeated surveys with the contribution of different teams of specialists involved in sampling. For this reason, lichen diversity data collected in Italy within several ongoing biomonitoring programs have been considered. The variations of components of gamma diversity between the surveys have been related to the composition of the teams of operators. As a major result, the composition of the teams significantly affected data comparability: Similarity (S), Species Replacement (R), and Richness Difference (D) showed significant differences between “same” and “partially” versus “different” teams, with characteristics trends over time. The results suggest a more careful interpretation of temporal variations in biomonitoring studies.
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Henrie, Jacob R., Brenden M. Thomson, Andrew August Yungfleisch, Michael Kerr e Steven D. Leavitt. "Characterizing Crustose Lichen Communities—DNA Metabarcoding Reveals More than Meets the Eye". Diversity 14, n.º 9 (16 de setembro de 2022): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090766.
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Biodiversity inventories are important for informing land management strategies, conservation efforts, and for biomonitoring studies. For many organismal groups, including lichens, comprehensive, accurate inventories are challenging due to the necessity of taxonomic expertise, limitations in sampling protocols, and the commonplace occurrence of morphologically cryptic species and other undescribed species. Lichen communities in arid regions are often dominated by crustose lichens, which have been particularly difficult to incorporate into biodiversity inventories. Here, we explore the utility of DNA metabarcoding for characterizing the diversity of lichen-forming fungi at a typical crustose lichen-dominated site on the Colorado Plateau in the southwestern USA. We assessed the consistency of independent sampling efforts to comprehensively document lichen diversity, evaluated the capability of minimally trained technicians to effectively sample the lichen communities, and provide a metagenomic-based inventory of lichen diversity, including representative sequence data, for a diverse, crustose-dominate lichen community on the Colorado Plateau. Our results revealed that crustose lichen communities in the southwestern USA are more diverse than traditionally thought, and community metabarcoding is a promising strategy for characterizing the lichen-forming fungal diversity more thoroughly than other methods. However, consistently sampling the diversity of crustose lichen communities, even at small spatial scales, remains difficult. Interpreting these results within a traditional taxonomic context remains challenging without the use of vouchers.
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Chuquimarca, Leiddy, Fernando P. Gaona, Carlos Iñiguez-Armijos e Ángel Benítez. "Lichen Responses to Disturbance: Clues for Biomonitoring Land-use Effects on Riparian Andean Ecosystems". Diversity 11, n.º 5 (5 de maio de 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11050073.
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The transformation of natural ecosystems due to anthropogenic land use is considered one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. Lichens, due to their poikilohydric nature, are very sensitive to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, lichen communities have been widely used as bioindicators of climatic and environmental changes. In this study, we evaluated how the species richness and community composition of epiphytic lichens respond to land-use intensity in riparian ecosystems of the Andes in southern Ecuador. Additionally, we evaluate how the richness of six functional traits (photobiont type, growth form, and reproductive strategy) changed across the different land-use intensity. We selected 10 trees in twelve sites for a total de 120 trees, equally divided into four riparian land-use intensities (forest, forest-pasture, pasture and urban). We recorded a total of 140 lichen species. Species richness was highest in the forest sites and decreased towards more anthropogenic land uses. Lichen community composition responded to land-use intensity, and was explained by microclimate variables (e.g., precipitation, percentage forested area) and distance to the forest. Richness of functional traits of lichens also differed significantly among the four land-use intensity and decreased from forests to urban land-use. Taxonomic diversity and functional traits can be effectively applied as bioindicators to assess and monitor the effects of land-use changes in the riparian ecosystems of tropical montane regions.
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Дымова (Dymova), Ольга (Ol'ga) Васильевна (Vasil'evna), e Ольга (Ol'ga) Александровна (Аleksandrovna) Кузиванова (Kuzivanova). "THE OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION ROUTINE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND ITS CONTENT IN LI-CHENS THALLI". chemistry of plant raw material, n.º 2 (23 de novembro de 2017): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018023013.
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In this study the way of photosynthetic pigments extraction (chlorophylls and carotinoids) from lichens thalli of two species (Lobaria pulmonaria and Cladonia rangiferina) was optimized. Use of dimethylsulphoxide : acetone (2 : 1) mix, without heating of the pigment extract at 65 °C was recommended. Previous rinsing of thallus by acetone depends on a lichen species and habitat conditions (pollution, etc.). By means of the developed technique the chlorophylls and carotenoids content was defined in 21 different lichen species growing in a middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. There are folious and bushy lichens among these species. The lichens were divided into three groups according to photobionts: species with green algae, species with cyanobacteria, and tripartite species with green algal photobionts and cyanobacteria in cephalodia. Across species, significant differences on accumulation of photosynthetic pigments pool was revealed. Thallus chlorophyll concentration ranged 0.4–0.6 mg/g, carotenoids – 0.15–0.30 mg/g in the most of studied lichen species. Photosynthetic pigments, especially chlorophyll a, in the lichens thallus can serve as the important bioindicator on the changing environment conditions and criterion of ecological assessment of habitats. It is important for biomonitoring of the environment and use of lichens as medical materials because of their biochemical structure (pigments, polysaccharides, lichen acids, etc.).
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Mitrovic, Tatjana, Slavisa Stamenkovic, Vladimir Cvetkovic, Milos Nikolic, Rada Baosic, Jelena Mutic, Tatjana Andjelkovic e Aleksandar Bojic. "Epiphytic lichen Flavoparmelia caperata as a sentinel for trace metal pollution". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, n.º 9 (2012): 1301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc111124031m.
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Widely spread lichen specie Flavoparmelia caperata is used in a biomonitoring study for atmospheric trace metal pollution in natural ecosystems in Southeastern Serbia. The concentration and distribution pattern of 21 metals in lichens were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The difference observed between metal deposition in peripheral and central parts of lichen thalli reflected air quality changes in the last and previous years. These findings were confirmed with principal component analysis. Our study demonstrated the accumulation of Ba, K, Mg, Na, Tl and Zn in peripheral parts of thalli, while As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, Li, Ni, Pb and Se were concentrated in central parts of thalli.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Lichen biomonitoring"
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Rodrigues, Sandrina Azevedo. "Lichen biodiversity and biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8562.
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Doutoramento BiologiaEsta tese debruça-se sobre a biodiversidade de líquenes epífitos de pinhais dunares portugueses e sobre uso de líquenes como biomonitores de poluição atmosférica nesse habitat. A Mata Nacional das Dunas de Quiaios (Figueira da Foz) foi o ponto de partida dos estudos de biodiversidade efetuados nesta tese, mas alguns deles estenderam-se à maior parte da costa portuguesa. Como resultado, encontrou-se uma espécie nova para a ciência, Lecanora sorediomarginata Rodrigues, Terrón & Elix, epifítica sobre Pinus pinaster Aiton e P. pinea L, que se encontra distribuída na maior parte da costa. Esta espécie caracteriza-se morfologicamente por um talo crustáceo, de cor esbranquiçada a acinzentada ou esverdeada e que desenvolve sorálios a partir de pequenas verrugas marginais. Quimicamente caracteriza-se pela presença dos ácidos 3,5-dicloro-2'-O-metilnorestenospórico [maior], 3,5-dicloro-2-O-metilanziaico [menor], 3,5-dicloro-2-O-metilnordivaricático [menor], 5-cloro-2'-Ometilanziaico [traço] e úsnico [traço]; atranorina [menor] e cloroatranorina [menor]. É quimicamente semelhante a L. lividocinerea Bagl., com a qual apresenta afinidades filogenéticas com base na análise da sequência ITS do rDNA, e a L. sulphurella Hepp. Adicionalmente, espécies Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg e Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb, também se encontraram epifíticas sobre P. pinaster e P. pinea em vários pinhais ao longo da costa, representando novos registos para a flora liquénica portuguesa, bem como a espécie Lepraria elobata Tønsberg encontrada epifítica sobre P. pinaster apenas nas Dunas de Quiaios. Além disso, as espécies Hypotrachyna lividescens (Kurok.) Hale e H. pseudosinuosa (Asahina) Hale encontraram-se epifíticas sobre P. pinaster e outros forófitos nas Dunas de Quiaios, constituindo novos registos para a flora liquénica da Península Ibérica. Estes resultados põe em evidência a importância dos pinhais dunares como habitat para líquenes epífitos. Num estudo conduzido entre janeiro e julho de 2008 num pinhal dunar (Mata do Urso, Figueira da Foz), em cuja bordadura existe uma fábrica de celulose de papel, usaram-se transplantes de líquenes da espécie Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale para avaliar a acumulação de trinta e três elementos putativamente emitidos por fábricas de papel e pasta de papel. A cinética da fluorescência da clorofila a foi estudada nos líquenes transplantados, através da análise dos parâmetros Fv/Fm, F0, Fm, qP, NPQ, PSII, e Exc, de forma a avaliar os efeitos decorrentes da acumulação de elementos na vitalidade dos líquenes. Pretendeu-se avaliar se a acumulação de elementos e a cinética da fluorescência da clorofila a variavam significativamente com o local e o tempo de exposição, tendo em consideração os resultados obtidos de transplantes colocados num local de referência (Dunas de Quiaios) durante o mesmo período de tempo. (Continua no verso) resumo A maior parte dos elementos — Al, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, Sb, Sc, Sr, Ti e V — ocorreu em concentrações significativamente mais elevadas nos transplantes expostos a 500 m da fábrica. Cerca de metade dos elementos estudados — B, Ba, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb e V — encontraram-se em concentrações significativamente mais elevadas nos transplantes expostos durante 180 dias. O solo foi identificado como uma fonte parcial da maior parte dos elementos. Os parâmetros Fv/Fm, Fm, PSII e Exc variaram significativamente com o local e/ou com o tempo de exposição. Observou-se um decréscimo significativo nos parâmetros Fv/Fm e Fm nos transplantes expostos a 500 e 1000 da fábrica, e também naqueles expostos durante 135 e 180 dias. Observou-se também um decréscimo significativo nos parâmetros PSII e Exc expostos durante 180 dias. Estes parâmetros correlacionaram-se de forma negativa e significativa com a acumulação de elementos: Fv/Fm: B, Ba, Co, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, Sb e Zn; Fm: Ba, Co, Hg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, Sb e Zn; PSII: N e P; Exc: Mn, N, P e S. Estudos acerca da diversidade liquénica efetuados nos mesmos locais onde os transplantes foram colocados no local impactado, revelaram um menor valor de diversidade liquénica a 500 m da fábrica, que foi também o único local onde se encontraram espécies nitrófilas, o que se poderá dever à deposição de amónia e/ou poeiras. À semelhança de outros estudos, este trabalho confirma que os líquenes podem ser usados com sucesso em estudos de biomonitorização, mesmo em locais florestados. Além disso, traz também informações adicionais sobre como a acumulação de elementos pode influenciar a cinética da fluorescência da clorofila a em líquenes.
This thesis focuses on the biodiversity of epiphytic lichens of Portuguese pine forests on sand dunes, and on the use of lichens as biomonitors of atmospheric pollution in this habitat. Mata Nacional das Dunas de Quiaios (Figueira da Foz) was the starting location of the biodiversity studies undertaken during this thesis, but some were extended to most of the Portuguese coast. As a result a new species to science, Lecanora sorediomarginata Rodrigues, Terrón & Elix was discovered epiphytic on Pinus pinaster Aiton and P. pinea L, in most of the coast. It is characterised morphologically by a crustose whitish-grey to greenish thallus developing soralia from small, marginal warts and chemically by the presence of 3,5-dichloro-2'-O-methylnorstenosporic acid [major], 3,5-dichloro- 2-O-methylanziaic acid [minor], 3,5-dichloro-2-O-methylnordivaricatic acid [minor], 5-chloro-2'-O-methylanziaic acid [trace], atranorin [minor], chloroatranorin [minor], and usnic acid [trace]. It is chemically similar to L. lividocinerea Bagl., to which it shows phylogenetic affinities based on ITS rDNA sequence analysis, and to L. sulphurella Hepp. Additionally, Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg and Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb, were also found epiphytic on P. pinaster and P. pinea in several pine forests along the coast, representing new records for Portuguese lichen flora, as well as that of Lepraria elobata, which was found epiphytic on P. pinaster only at Dunas de Quiaios. Furthermore, Hypotrachyna lividescens (Kurok.) Hale e H. pseudosinuosa (Asahina) Hale were found epiphytic on P. pinaster and other phorophytes at Dunas de Quiaios, and were new records for the lichen flora of the Iberian Peninsula. These results indicate the importance of pine forests on sand dunes has habitats for epiphytic lichens. In a study conducted in a pine forest on sand dunes (Mata do Urso, Figueira da Foz), impacted by a pulp mill at its border, between January and July 2008, lichen transplants of the species Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale were used to evaluate the accumulation of thirty-three elements putatively emitted by paper and pulp mill industry. Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics studies were performed in the transplanted lichens, through the analysis of the parameters Fv/Fm, F0, Fm, qP, NPQ, PSII, and Exc in order to evaluate the effect of elemental accumulation on lichen vitality. It was intended to evaluate if elemental accumulation and chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics varied significantly with site and period of exposure, taking into account the results from transplants performed in a reference location (Dunas de Quiaios) during the same period of time. Most elements — Al, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, Sb, Sc, Sr, Ti and V — were found in significantly higher concentrations in the transplants exposed at 500 m of distance from the point source. Nearly half of the elements — B, Ba, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb, and V — were also found in significantly higher concentrations in the transplants exposed during 180 days. (Continues on the verse) abstract Soil was identified as a partial source for most elements. The chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics parameters Fv/Fm, Fm, PSII, and Exc varied significantly with site and/or period of exposure. Fv/Fm and Fm were significantly decreased in the transplants exposed at 500 and 1000 m from the pulp mill and in those exposed during 135 and 180 days. Both, PSII and Exc decreased significantly after 180 days of exposure. Significant negative correlations were identified between these parameters and the accumulation of elements: Fv/Fm: B, Ba, Co, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, Sb, and Zn; Fm: Ba, Co, Hg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, Sb, and Zn; PSII: N and P; Exc: Mn, N, P, and S. Lichen diversity studies performed in the same locations where lichen transplants were placed at the impacted location revealed a lower lichen diversity value at the 500 m, which was also the only site were nitrophylous species were found, what could be due to the deposition of ammonia and/or dust. Similarly to other studies, this work confirms that lichens can be successfully used in biomonitoring studies, even in forested locations. Furthermore, it provides additional information on how chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics of lichens can be influenced by elemental accumulation.
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Rocha, Rosiana Rocho. "Avaliação da poluição atmosférica de elementos químicos pela análise de líquen epifítico no campus da Cidade Universitária de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-02122015-085541/.
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A poluição atmosférica tem sido tema frequente de pesquisas, devido aos efeitos que podem afetar a saúde dos seres vivos, o meio ambiente e clima. A fim de identificar as fontes de emissão dos poluentes e de seus efeitos, o método de biomonitoramento vem sendo estudado devido ao seu baixo custo e a possibilidade de amostragem em amplas áreas geográficas. Neste trabalho, para biomonitoramento passivo da poluição atmosférica no campus da Cidade Universitária Armando Salles de Oliveira (CUASO) da Universidade de São Paulo, foi utilizado líquen epifítico da espécie Canoparmelia texana. Os liquens coletados em troncos de árvores de diferentes pontos da CUASO foram limpos, secos por liofilização e moídos para análise pelos métodos de espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X (XRFS) e análise por ativação neutrônica (NAA). Na XRFS as amostras preparadas na forma de pastilhas foram analisadas para determinação de As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Rb, S, Sr e Zn. Na NAA, alíquotas de amostras de liquens juntamente com padrões sintéticos de elementos foram irradiados no reator IEA-R1 e as atividades induzidas medidas em espectrômetro de raios gama para determinação de As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, U, V e Zn. A qualidade dos resultados analíticos foi avaliada pela análise de materiais de referência certificados. Seus resultados de desvios padrão relativos e de erros relativos foram inferiores a 15 % para a maioria dos elementos. Os valores de diferença padronizada ou En score obtidos foram inferiores a |1| indicando resultados satisfatórios. A homogeneidade da amostra de líquen foi avaliada tanto pela NAA como pela XRFS por meio das análises em replicatas e estes resultados indicaram a boa reprodutibilidade dos resultados em relação aos elementos determinados. Os resultados dos liquens da CUASO mostraram que as concentrações médias de As, Br, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Rb, Sb, Se e U foram mais altas do que daquelas das regiões consideradas não poluídas e para Fe, K, La, S, V e Zn foram da mesma ordem de grandeza. O estudo da correlação entre os elementos apresentou alta correlação (r > 0,7) para elementos originários de fontes naturais e antrópicas. A análise de componentes principais (PCA) aplicada aos resultados teve seis componentes principais, onde os componentes 1 e 2 corresponderam a 52,9 % da variância dos dados. Os resultados dos fatores de enriquecimento (FE) calculados entre os liquens da CUASO e de uma região considerada limpa foram maiores que 1 para maioria dos elementos, indicando que estes elementos podem ser de fontes antrópicas. Pelos resultados obtidos concluise que a origem dos elementos determinados nos liquens da CUASO pode ser atribuída a fontes como a resuspensão de partículas de solo e emissões antrópicas.Air pollution has been a frequent topic of research, due to the effects that it can cause on the health of living organisms, environment and climate. In order to identify pollution sources and their effects, biomonitoring has been studied due to its low cost and possibility of sampling in wide geographic areas. In this study for passive biomonitoring of air pollution levels at the Cidade Universitária Armando Salles de Oliveira (CUASO), University of São Paulo campus, epiphytic lichens of Canoparmelia texana species were used. The lichens collected from tree barks at different sampling sites in the CUASO were cleaned, freeze-dried and ground for analyses. Lichen samples were analyzed by X - ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). For XRFS, cylindrical pellets of samples were prepared to determine As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Rb, S, Sr and Zn. For NAA, lichen sample aliquots along with synthetic elemental standards were irradiated both for short and long periods at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor. The induced activities were measured by a gamma ray spectrometer to determine As, Br, Ca Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, U, V and Zn. The precision and accuracy of the results were evaluated by the analysis of certified reference materials (MRCs). Their results of relative errors and standard deviations were below 15% for most of the elements. The standardized difference or En score values were lower than |1| indicating satisfactory results. Replicate analyses of a lichen sample by XRFS and NAA, indicated good homogeneity of the sample for the elements determined. The lichen results showed that the mean concentrations of As, Br, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Rb, Sb, Se and U were higher in samples from CUASO than those from regions considered unpolluted. For Fe, K, La, S, V and Zn, they were of the same order of magnitude. The correlation study between the elements showed high correlation (r > 0.7) for elements originated from the natural and anthropogenic sources. The principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the results showed six major components, where components 1 and 2 accounted for 52.9 % of the variance of the data. Enrichment factors (EF) calculated for the results of lichens from CUASO and a region considered unpolluted were EF> 1 for most elements, showing that these elements may be from anthropogenic sources. From the results obtained in this study can be concluded that the elements found in lichens from CUASO can be originated from sources such as resuspension of soil particles and anthropogenic emissions.
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Contardo, Tania. "The use of lichen biomonitoring techniques for Environmental Justice assessment and the risk perception assessment in a typical European city (Milan, Italy)". Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1144582.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Aim of this thesis is to investigate the application of lichen biomonitoring techniques in the study of environmental justice and risk perception of air pollution at urban scale. Lichen biomonitoring can, in fact, fill the void that several authors claim when talking about environmental justice assessment, i.e., the lack of high spatial resolution data of air quality, that is crucial when the goal is to match the socio-economic status with air quality. The area selected for the study is Milan municipality (N Italy) as an example of a typical European big city. In this area, a lichen biomonitoring survey was firstly carried out through transplants of lichen bags of the species Evernia prunastri, previously collected in a pristine area (Siena, C Italy). The exposure lasted three months during the winter period. To assess the biological effects of air pollution, analysis on the physiological status of the samples were conducted, in particular the photosynthetic efficiency of the photobiont, and damage to cell membranes and the antiradical activity of the mycobiont were measured. The bioaccumulation of trace elements Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Sb, Pb and Zn was quantified and an overall contamination index (CI) was elaborated on the basis of the bioaccumulated elements. The use of a geographic information system support (QGIS 3.8) allowed to visualize the distribution of the contamination over the area, elaborated through an IDW interpolation algorithm. A deeper insight on the contamination of the area was obtained through the analysis of source apportionment, i.e., the research of the main emission sources. A theoretical approach was followed through the statistical method of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Through this method, the overall contamination was de-structured in “factors” that, based on trace elements correlation, provided different “contamination profiles”, ascribable to different emission sources. The spatial distribution of the profiles, combined with their elemental composition, suggested both the type of emission sources and their magnitude in the study area. An empirical approach for source apportionment was also followed: the grain size, shape and magnetic behaviour of bioaccumulated particles was studied and compared with those of known emission sources.
The results of the biomonitoring survey showed a general stress on the lichen physiology due to air pollution, but not so severe to compromise the general vitality of samples. Bioaccumulated elements were Cr, Cu, Fe, Sb and Pb and the Contamination Index showed generally high values over the whole area, even if central areas of the city were more polluted. Source apportionment analysis highlighted three main pollution profiles, ascribable to the industrial activity, brake abrasion from railways and cars, and soil resuspension. The magnetic behaviour of particles was in line with brake abrasion of vehicles, suggesting the vehicular traffic the most responsible of trace element contamination in Milan municipality.
For the assessment of environmental justice, the air contamination was matched with the socio-economic characteristics of the citizens. An index of socio-economic deprivation (SDI) was calculated on the basis of the socio economic information provided by the national statistics institute (ISTAT), at the smallest spatial unit available, the census unit. Results showed that peripheral areas experience less air pollution but more socio-economic deprivation, however, the census units closer to main emission sources were generally more deprived than average.
The last part of the study was dedicated to the evaluation of the risk perception of the citizens about air pollution. A questionnaire was elaborated and administrated randomly in the city of Milan to ca. 300 respondents. Main results showed a generally high attention for the air pollution issue in the city, as well as a high risk perception, regardless of gender, age or education level of the participants.
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Muofhe, Mmboneni Leonard. "Lichens as air pollution assays on the Western Cape coast". Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26102.
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A pollution survey was done in Milnerton industrial area along three transects, the coastal road, the R27 road, and the N7 road. In this project lichens were used as pollution monitors and their availability, abundance and percentage cover were used to estimate the level of pollution. Lichen specimens were collected from St. James, which is far from the pollution source and put in the vicinity of the Caltex oil refinery for four month after which they were analysed for their fluorescence and chlorophyll content. In all transects, lichen species richness and percentage cover increased with distance from the oil refinery, suggesting that indeed lichens are sensitive to pollution and are therefore good air pollution bio-monitors. The fruticose growth forms especially Teloschistes and Usnea were shown in this study to be the most sensitive to pollution because none of them was recorded close to the oil refinery. Photosynthetic pigment analyses revealed that Parmelia and Xanthoria are affected differently by pollution. Parmelia showed chlorophyll a and b injury under high pollution conditions while Xanthoria showed high carotenoid injury. The results of this study indicate that the atmosphere in the Milnerton industrial area is heavily polluted, with the Caltex oil refinery being the main pollution source.
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Barre, Julien. "Evaluation de la contamination atmosphérique des écosystèmes en utilisant la composition isotopique du plomb et du mercure dans les lichens". Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3049/document.
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La signature isotopique du plomb (Pb) et du mercure (Hg) a été étudiée dans les lichens épiphytes des Pyrénées-Atlantiques. Un échantillonnage intégré et spatialisé à l’aide d’un système d’information géographique (SIG) a été mis en place afin de prendre en compte la diversité du territoire (occupation des sols, forêts, agriculture, industries et zones urbaines). A méso-échelle (département des Pyrénées-Atlantiques), la composition isotopique permet de différencier les zones impactées par les activités anthropiques mais aussi de discriminer l’origine de la contamination qu’elle soit de type industrielle ou urbaine. A l’échelle locale, la signature isotopique du Hg et Pb dans des lichens et des mousses prélevés dans la forêt d’Iraty (zone frontalière Franco-espagnole) a permis d’évaluer le type de dépôts accumulés dans ces différents bioaccumulateurs atmosphériques et le potentiel de ce nouvel outil pour le suivi des dépôts atmosphériques dans les écosystèmes éloignés. Enfin, sur la zone mercurifère d’Almadén (Castella la Mancha, Espagne) la signature isotopique du Hg dans les lichens et les sédiments apparait comme un outil pertinent pour étudier le transfert du Hg provenant de l’extraction minière vers les hydrosystèmes et l’atmosphèreThe isotopic signature of lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) was measured in epiphytic lichens from Pyrénées-Atlantiques. An integrated and spatialized sampling was developed using geographical information system (GIS) to take into account the diversity of the territory (land-use, forest, agriculture, industries and urban areas). At meso-scale (county, Pyrenees-Atlantiques) the isotopic composition allows to differenciate areas impacted by anthropegenic activities and discriminate the origin of the contamination that it of industrial or urban type. At local scale, the isotopic signature of Hg and Pb in lichens and mosses sampled in Iraty forest (Franco-Spanish border) allowed to evaluate the kind of atmospheric deposits in these atmospheric bio-monitors and the potential of this new tool for the monitoring of atmospheric depositsin remote ecosystems. Finally, on the mercurifere area of Almadén (Castella la Mancha, Spain) the isotopic fingerprint of Hg in lichens and sediments appears to be a relevant tool to study the transfer of Hg from mining activities to hydrosystems and atmosphere
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Vitarana, Meenu Chathurika. "Lichens as a biomonitoring tool for detecting heavy metal air pollution associated with industrial activities in Collie, south-western Australia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/679.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
During the last few decades, various techniques for using lichens as biomonitors have been developed for monitoring air pollution and forest ecosystem health. Lichens have been used effectively to determine the dispersion of heavy metals emitted by industrial point-sources; however the approach has not been commonly used in Australia. This thesis aimed to determine the effectiveness of using a lichen biomonitoring approach to measure the heavy metal pollutants emitted from coal-fired power stations and related industries in Collie, south-western Australia, an area with concern over poor air quality. Three different approaches to lichen biomonitoring were investigated. The first explored lichen community composition patterns in thirty-six study sites across an identified pollution gradient in the jarrah forest ecosystems of Collie. The second measured in situ Usnea inermis lichens for heavy metals, across wet and dry seasons in Collie. The third approach used lichen transplant bags of Usnea inermis to determine seasonal heavy metal accumulation patterns. Because the gaseous pollutants NO2 and SO2 are known to have a significant effect on lichen vitality and distribution, they were monitored by means of a direct measurement approach using Radiello® passive air samplers, to determine any confounding effects. A total of twenty lichen taxa were recorded in the lichen community study, with an average species diversity of ten per site. The lichens Usnea inermis and Cladonia rigida occurred at all thirty-six study sites. High lichen diversity and abundance values were recorded from control sites, and crustose and squamulose species were more abundant across all study sites. The grouping of lichen communities into pollution-tolerant classes, based on information from other studies, showed that the jarrah forests surrounding the industries in Collie were dominated by pollution-tolerant lichen species, while sensitive species were infrequent and rare. Spatial distribution maps of lichen diversity indices showed areas with low diversity values downwind from the coal mines and coal-fired power stations and near an alumina refinery, indicating a possible influence from these point-sources on lichen community composition. Pollution effects on lichen communities were observed with little influence from forest management practices, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method for monitoring air pollution influences in managed jarrah forests. The study also identified Usnea inermis as a suitable species for both the in situ and transplant lichen biomonitoring experiments to explore heavy metal pollution in the area, because of its widespread distribution across the pollution gradient. Low concentrations of NO2 and SO2 were recorded by Radiello® passive samplers, suggesting that these pollutants had very little confounding influence on lichen community composition and heavy metal accumulation patterns. However, seasonal differences in the dispersion of gaseous pollutants were observed, particularly in the summer season. The areas influenced by gaseous pollutants were also found to be those with low lichen diversity, suggesting that although low in concentration, the gaseous pollutants were having a demonstrable influence on the lichens in the jarrah forests in Collie. Mean concentrations for the metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni and Zn were low for in situ Usnea inermis lichens; however elevated concentrations of some metals were recorded at certain locations. Arsenic concentrations in spring were high from sites close to the coal mines and Mn was elevated in both seasons from sites near an alumina refinery. Higher metal concentrations were recorded in the higher rainfall autumn season compared with spring for most metals. The fallout patterns of heavy metals were explained by a power curve showing exponential decreases in concentrations, with very low concentrations found beyond the 8 - 10 km distance range from the closest pollution source. Spatial dispersion maps showed interpolated concentrations consistent with that expected if point-sources were responsible for the generation of high atmospheric heavy metal concentrations. Transplanted Usnea inermis lichens did not show elevated metal concentrations, however seasonal variations were observed, with the highest concentrations recorded in the wet winter season. Metal uptake in both the in situ and transplanted lichen studies was favoured by low temperature and high rainfall, suggesting that metal uptake was promoted during periods of wet deposition. This highlights the importance of season of sampling if lichen biomonitoring studies are to be deployed in WA. The wetter and cooler winter season with more consistent rainfall patterns is recommended as optimal for conducting lichen biomonitoring studies in Collie. The transplants exposed over a 48 week period recorded the highest concentrations for most metals, however they also showed a loss of metal accumulation ability at the high exposure sites. Exposure periods of 24 – 32 weeks (6 – 8 months) are recommended for more reliable results when using lichen transplants. The transplant study also identified that the control sites were affected by industrial emissions, suggesting that reference sites should be located at distances greater than those used in this study. The results from all three biomonitoring approaches identified pollution dispersion patterns associated with industrial point-sources, and also identified a pollution influence at the control sites, an area previously considered to be unaffected by industrial pollution. Findings from this study support the idea that a lichen biomonitoring approach can be used as an effective tool for monitoring heavy metal air pollution in Western Australia and if used correctly it could replace the more expensive active sampling techniques. The study also provided essential baseline information for future studies on the effect of industrial pollution on lichen communities in WA.
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Proulx, Monica W. "A Floristic Survey of the Lichens of the Spring Mountains, Nevada, USA". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2899.
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This thesis is the culmination of a graduate research project involving a floristic survey of the lichens of the Spring Mountain National Recreation Area (SMNRA), Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Nevada. The project was based on extensive collections made between 1997 and 2007 as part of an air pollution biomonitoring program and a baseline established by Larry St. Clair (BYU). The Spring Mountains are a sky island mountain range in the Mojave Desert located less than an hour northwest of Las Vegas. A floristic survey of the lichen communities in the Spring Mountains represents a major addition to our understanding of the lichen flora of the Mojave Desert, a poorly studied region in western North America. This thesis also compares the lichen flora of the SMNRA with other lichen floras of the Mojave Desert based on a literature survey of all the lichen studies conducted in the Mojave Desert. The SMNRA species list represents 58% of the 217 species in 68 genera reported for the Mojave Desert. This survey of all reported Mojave lichen species reveals several interesting interactions related to species diversity, substrate, and growth form distribution patterns. These interactions appear to be influenced by two general factors: Microhabitat conditions and available substrates – which are further defined by differences in geological substrates, occurrence and development of woody plant communities, and a combination of environmental factors – elevation, temperature, precipitation, and insolation. Drier and warmer habitats are generally dominated by crustose species with some, mostly smaller, foliose taxa in protected microhabitats usually with shaded or northern exposures. Fruticose species are generally lacking or sparse with smaller thalli when found in hot and dry habitats. All the fruticose species reported from the Mojave Desert sites were rare and had very small thalli. Many foliose and fruticose species, with larger, more complex thalli and thus greater surface area, are more susceptible to higher rates of water loss and therefore occur less frequently in extreme arid locations. The lichen communities in the Mojave Desert respond to sharp contrasts in microhabitat conditions with exposed, lower elevation sites having lower numbers of species along with more drought resistant growth forms – crustose and squamulose species. The Spring Mountains NRA, with high elevation mountains and well developed woody plant communities, accommodates a large variety of microhabitat conditions spread over a complex temperature and moisture gradient. These conditions have resulted in the highest species diversity (124 species in 48 genera) and the greatest number of foliose and corticolous species when compared with all of the other Mojave Desert lichen floras.
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Hajdová, Jana. "Stanovení palladia metodou ET-AAS po předchozí prekoncentraci na pevných sorbentech". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217072.
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The theoretical part of this master’s thesis focuses on the characteristic of Palladium, his uses in the automotive convertors, the occurrence in the environment, bioaccumulation and human health risks. Next there are described the basics of biomonitoring and summarize suitable biomonitoring method for capturing airborne dust. There are also evaluated appropriate methods for preconcentration and determination of Palladium. The aim of experimental part of this thesis is description and evaluation optimalization preconcentration method SPE by using sorbents silicagel C18 and QuadraSil TA. Optimization of method conditions of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET – AAS). The determination of Palladium using optimal conditions follows in real samples in the form of exposure lichen (Hypogymnia physodes) by automobile traffic in Brno.
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Derr, Chiska C. "Lichen biomonitoring in southeast Alaska and western Oregon". Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35262.
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Lichen sensitivity to air quality has been recognized in Europe
for over 125 years: recently Federal agencies in this country have
begun using lichens as air quality bioindicators. This study presents
the results of three different approaches to air quality biomonitoring
using lichens: (1) a lichen community analysis, (2) an elemental
analysis of lichen tissue content, and (3) the growth of removable
lichen transplants. The lichen community and elemental tissue content
analyses were part of an air quality baseline on the Tongass National
Forest in southeast Alaska. The lichen transplant experiment compared
the growth of three different lichen species and evaluated and refined
a transplant technique in western Oregon.
Lichen communities were sampled on 50 Pinus contorta peatlands
in southeast Alaska. These peatlands make good air quality
biomonitoring sites because: (1) the trees are slow growing and
provide stable substrates for lichen colonization; (2) many branches
are at eye level, making the canopy epiphytes easily observable; (3)
the scattered, open distribution of the trees allows for good air
circulation on the sites; and (4) precipitation, light conditions, and
relative humidity are high, which stimulate lichen growth.
A total of 100 lichen species were encountered during whole-plot
ocular surveys of each plot. Multivariate ordination revealed what
appears to be a successional gradient represented by high cover of
Bryoria species at older sites and high cover of Platismatia
norvegica, P. glauca, Hypogymnia enteromorpha sens. lat. and H.
inactiva at younger sites. A second pattern revealed by ordination
analysis appears to be a climatic gradient with high Alectoria
sarmentosa cover on moister, warmer sites, and high cover of Bryoria
species on drier, colder sites. The first two gradients contained 35%
and 21%, respectively, of the information in the analytical data set
(cumulative r��=56%).
Elemental tissue content of Alectoria sarmentosa was determined
from 43 of the peatland plots in southeast Alaska. The range of
values for 16 elements are reported and compared to other regional
studies; the ranges of values for most elements were within normal
background levels. Quality assurance techniques are described for
separation of laboratory and field noise from elemental content
signal. Principal components analysis was used to create three
synthetic gradients of plot-level elemental content. The first three
principal components captured 55% of the correlation structure among
elements. Iron (r=-0.91), aluminum (r=-0.80) and chromium (r=-0.71)
are all highly correlated with the first gradient. This gradient
could represent sites enriched by elements from dirt; aluminum and
iron silicates are both persistent and abundant components of
weathered rock and soil. Potassium (r=-0.82), phosphorous (r=-0.63),
zinc (r=-0.60), manganese (r=-0.58), magnesium (r=-0.51) and nickel
(r=0.54) are correlated with the second gradient. Many of these
elements are supplemented by salt water aerosols (Nieboer et al. 1978;
Rhoades 1988). Lead (r=0.70) and cadmium (r=0.59) were correlated
with the third axis. This gradients could represent enrichment from
fossil fuel combustion. Recommendations for standardizing future
regional studies of lichen elemental content are made.
Removable lichen transplants were constructed using live thalli
of known weight, a 5 cm length of nylon monofilament, silicone glue,
and reusable attachment mechanisms. Transplants were returned to
several sites in Western Oregon and were weighed every several months
for 13 months. Reference standards for each species were used to
correct for changes in lichen water content due to changes in lab
humidity. Despite apparent vigor, Alectoria proved unsuitable for
repeated weighings because of biomass loss due to fragmentation
(average of 9% biomass loss). Growth of Evernia and Lobaria
transplants differed both between species and between sites. Average
growth over the 13 months for Evernia in the foothills and valley was
40% and 30% respectively; for Lobaria it was 16% and 15%. Differences
in growth between species could be due to different: (1) growth rates;
(2) sensitivities to air quality; (3) sensitivities to microhabitat;
and (4) sensitivities to transplant trauma. Differences in growth
between valley and foothill sites could be due to differences in: (1)
micro- or macrohabitat conditions; and (2) air quality.Graduation date: 1995
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Makholm, Martha M. "Assessing air pollution impacts : biomonitoring with lichens and mosses /". 2003. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
Texto completo da fonteLivros sobre o assunto "Lichen biomonitoring"
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Marques, A. P. Valerio. Positional responses in lichen transplant biomonitoring of trace element air pollution. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.
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Marques, A. P. Valerio. Positional responses in lichen transplant biomonitoring of trace element air pollution. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.
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Positional responses in lichen transplant biomonitoring of trace element air pollution. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.
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Marques, A. P. Valerio. Positional responses in lichen transplant biomonitoring of trace element air pollution. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.
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Marques, A. P. Valerio. Positional responses in lichen transplant biomonitoring of trace element air pollution. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.
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Miller, Sean P. Biomonitoring water drip chemistry of lichen from cloud water deposition of Alectoria saromentosa and Alectoria saromentosa with hypo gimma inactiva. Bellingha, WA: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 2000.
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Bajpai, Rajesh. Lichens on Indian monuments: Biodeterioration and biomonitoring. Dehra Dun, India: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 2014.
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Bruteig, Inga E. Distribution, ecology and biomonitoring studies of epiphytic lichens on conifers. Trondheim: Universitetet i Trondheim, Vitenskapsmuseet, 1994.
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III, Nash Thomas H., ed. Biomonitoring, ecology, and systematics of lichens: Recognizing the lichenological legacy of Thomas H. Nash III on his 65th birthday. Stuttgart: J. Cramer in der Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2011.
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Derr, Chiska C. Lichen biomonitoring in southeast Alaska and western Oregon. 1994.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Lichen biomonitoring"
1
Giordani, Paolo, e Giorgio Brunialti. "Sampling and Interpreting Lichen Diversity Data for Biomonitoring Purposes". In Recent Advances in Lichenology, 19–46. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2181-4_2.
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Ferretti, M., e W. Erhardt. "Key Issues in Designing Biomonitoring Programmes". In Monitoring with Lichens — Monitoring Lichens, 111–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0423-7_9.
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Aksoy, Ahmet, Zeliha Leblebici e M. Gökhan Halici. "Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution Using Lichen (Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf.) Exposed in Bags in a Semi-arid Region, Turkey". In Plant Adaptation and Phytoremediation, 59–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9370-7_3.
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Shukla, Vertika, D. K. Upreti e Rajesh Bajpai. "Selection of Biomonitoring Species". In Lichens to Biomonitor the Environment, 47–60. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1503-5_3.
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Heinrich, Georg, e Klaus Remele. "Biomonitoring Radionuclide Deposition with Lichens". In Protocols in Lichenology, 425–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56359-1_26.
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Garty, Jacob. "Biomonitoring Heavy Metal Pollution with Lichens". In Protocols in Lichenology, 458–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56359-1_27.
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Garty, J., e R. L. Garty-Spitz. "Lichens and Particulate Matter: Inter-relations and Biomonitoring with Lichens". In Recent Advances in Lichenology, 47–85. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2181-4_3.
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Wee, Boon Siong, Shakirah Abd Shukor, Ahmad Firdaus Khaidir, Mohd Suhaimi Hamzah, Shamsiah Abdul Rahman, Md Suhaimi Elias, Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah Salim e Azian Hashim. "Biomonitoring of Trace Elements Using Epiphytic Lichens Collected in a Suburban Area of Selangor, Malaysia". In From Sources to Solution, 37–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-70-2_8.
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Das, Pulak. "Lichen-based index of atmospheric purity (IAP) for biomonitoring of air". In New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants, 1–26. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824351-0.00003-1.
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Milow, Pozi, Rosazlin Abdullah, Sylvester Liaw Sin Yong, Nur Sa’adah Abdul Halim e Qurban Ali Panhwar. "Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in different land uses and biomonitoring of heavy metals using lichen". In Metals Metalloids Soil Plant Water Systems, 233–54. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-91675-2.00019-6.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Lichen biomonitoring"
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Kousehlar, Masoomeh, e Elisabeth Widom. "GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STEEL PLANT EMISSIONS BY LICHEN BIOMONITORING". In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-335780.
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Masu, Smaranda. "AIR BIOMONITORING USING LICHENS". In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2016.0016.
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Kalashnikova, Daria, Galina Simonova e Viktor Melkov. "Air quality biomonitoring with epiphytic lichens and mosses". In XXIV International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, editado por Oleg A. Romanovskii e Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2504559.
Texto completo da fonteRelatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Lichen biomonitoring"
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Hochman, Ayala, Thomas Nash III e Pamela Padgett. Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of the Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants, Ozone and Gas-phase Nitric Acid, on Plants and Lichens for their Use as Early Warning Biomonitors of these Air Pollutants. United States Department of Agriculture, janeiro de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697115.bard.
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Introduction. Ozone and related oxidants are regarded as the most important phytotoxic air pollutant in many parts of the western world. A previously unrecognized component of smog, nitric acid, may have even greater deleterious effects on plants either by itself or by augmenting ozone injury. The effects of ozone on plants are well characterized with respect to structural and physiological changes, but very little is known about the biochemical changes in plants and lichens exposed to ozone and/or HNO3. Objectives.To compare and contrast the responses of crop plants and lichens to dry deposition of HNO3 and O3., separately, and combined in order to assess our working hypothesis that lichens respond to air pollution faster than plants. Lichens are most suitable for use as biomonitors because they offer a live-organism-based system that does not require maintenance and can be attached to any site, without the need for man-made technical support systems. Original Immediate aims To expose the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and the ozone sensitive red kidney bean (Phaseolusvulgaris) and the lichen Ramalinamenziesii to controlled HNO3 and O3 fumigations and combined and to follow the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes, with special reference to reactive oxygen species related parameters. Revised. Due to technical problems and time limitations we studied the lichen Ramalinamenziesii and two cultivar of tobacco: Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and a resistant cultivar, which were exposed to HNO3 and O3 alone (not combined). Methodology. Plants and lichens were exposed in fumigation experiments to HNO3 and O3, in constantly stirred tank reactors and the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes were analyzed. Results. Lichens. Exposure of Ramalinamenziesiito HNO3 resulted in cell membrane damage that was evident by 14 days and continues to worsen by 28 days. Chlorophyll, photosynthesis and respiration all declined significantly in HNO3 treatments, with the toxic effects increasing with dosage. In contrast, O3 fumigations of R. menziesii showed no significant negative effects with no differences in the above response variables between high, moderate and low levels of fumigations. There was a gradual decrease in catalase activity with increased levels of HNO3. The activity of glutathione reductase dropped to 20% in thalli exposed to low HNO3 but increased with its increase. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increase by 20% with low levels of the pollutants but decreased with its increase. Tobacco. After 3 weeks of exposure of the sensitive tobacco cultivar to ozone there were visible symptoms of toxicity, but no danmage was evident in the tolerant cultivar. Neither cultivar showed any visible symptoms after exposure to HNO3.In tobacco fumigated with O3, there was a significant decrease in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance at high levels of the pollutant, while changes in mesophyll conductance were not significant. However, under HNO3 fumigation there was a significant increase in mesophyll conductance at low and high HNO3 levels while changes in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance were not significant. We could not detect any activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the fumigated tobacco leaves. This is in spite of the fact that we were able to assay the enzymes in tobacco leaves grown in Israel. Conclusions. This project generated novel data, and potentially applicable to agriculture, on the differential response of lichens and tobacco to HNO3 and O3 pollutants. However, due to experimental problems and time limitation discussed in the body of the report, our data do not justify yet application for a full, 4-year grant. We hope that in the future we shall conduct more experiments related to our objectives, which will serve as a basis for a larger scale project to explore the possibility of using lichens and/or plants for biomonitoring of ozone and nitric acid air pollution.