Bibliografias temáticas / Meat industry and trade Social aspects

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Meat industry and trade Social aspects"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021
Última modificação: 28 de janeiro de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Meat industry and trade Social aspects"

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Khahula, Bohdan. "Economic aspects of the formation of the innovative development of waste-free production of livestock products." Economic Analysis, no. 32(3) (2022): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2022.03.102.

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The article is devoted to the economic aspects of the formation of innovative development of waste-free production of animal husbandry products. The purpose of the study is to develop, based on the generalization of research by scientists, practical recommendations for stimulating the waste-free production of animal husbandry products. During the research, general scientific and special methods of economic research were used, in particular: systemic approach, dialectical and abstract-logical, etc. We believe that in order to minimize losses and effective use of by-products by the subjects of t
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Lyakhovska, Olena. "Ukraine’s foreign trade in meat and meat products: trends and geographical aspects." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 3(143) (2020): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-3-7.

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Current trends in meat and meat products exports are considered. The dynamics and structural changes in meat exports by types and degree of processing (beef and veal, pork, poultry, finished meat products) are analyzed. The paper proves that in recent years, only meat and edible poultry by-products have taken a competitive position in the world market. Accordingly, the dynamics of exports of this type of meat is positive, and the share of these products in the structure of exported meat is the largest (86.09%). Possible threats to the growth of import dependence on certain types of meat produc
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Brønnum, Louise Beck, Asmus Gamdrup Jensen, and Charlotte Vinther Schmidt. "To meat or not to meat?" International Journal of Food Design 5, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfd_00011_3.

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We are facing a pandemic: climate change. In order to sustain a future population with a healthy diet, we need drastic changes in our food systems. With the demand for change both in our eating behaviour and the food industry, this opinion article dives into a currently disputed food resource with regards to climate impact: meat. First, the importance of understanding the dynamic term ‘sustainability’ is stressed. We argue that an interdisciplinary approach, which encounters not only social, economic and environmental factors, but also historical and especially taste aspects, are essential to
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Matošková, D., and J. Gálik. "Selected aspects of the internal and external competitiveness of Slovak agricultural and food products." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 2 (February 18, 2009): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/579-agricecon.

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The article describes the competitiveness of Slovak agricultural and food products after the accession of the Slovak Republic into the EU. The analysis has shown that even despite the increased subsidization and full liberalisation of trade, the competitiveness of our products still needs to develop. The main reason behind this is the poor efficiency of production and the lack of innovation activities. Most agricultural commodities are profitable only because of subsidies. Processing industry is the main contributor to the worsening deficit of trade balance. Specific commodities with good sale
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Kot, Michał. "SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE MEAT INDUSTRY IN POLAND." Acta logistica 09, no. 04 (December 31, 2022): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v9i4.356.

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Every type of business is closely related to the flow processes of various types of goods. The flow process begins at the source of raw materials until it reaches the final customer. A corollary to the newly emerging challenges of both social and environmental management of increasingly complex supply chains is the issue of sustainable supply chain management. The meat industry, along with its entire supply chain, is subject to cyclical crises, with different foundations and negative effects on individual links. One of the reasons for the crises in the meat industry is the management of supply
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Guiry, Eric, Paul Szpak, and Michael P. Richards. "ISOTOPIC ANALYSES REVEAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC PATTERNS IN HISTORICAL DOMESTIC ANIMAL TRADE BETWEEN PREDOMINANTLY WHEAT- AND MAIZE-GROWING AGRICULTURAL REGIONS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA." American Antiquity 82, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2016.34.

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Historical zooarchaeologists have made significant contributions to key questions about the social, economic, and nutritional dimensions of domestic animal use in North American colonial contexts; however, techniques commonly employed in faunal analyses do not offer a means of assessing many important aspects of how animals were husbanded and traded. We apply isotopic analyses to faunal remains from archaeological sites to assess the social and economic importance of meat trade and consumption of local and foreign animal products in northeastern North America. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotop
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Burrell, Alison. "Animal Disease Epidemics: Implications for Production, Policy and Trade." Outlook on Agriculture 31, no. 3 (September 2002): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101294001.

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The outbreak of a highly infectious animal disease in a disease-free area is an ever-present risk. Recent epidemics in European livestock populations illustrate that the cost in terms of eradication, lost production and trade disruption may be high. In this paper, the implications for the meat and livestock industry, government policy and international trade rules are considered. The need for strict biosecurity and effective contingency plans is stressed. Options such as private insurance, animal tracing systems and emergency vaccination are discussed. Current measures for controlling animal d
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Minh, Doan Nguyen, Le Thi Viet Nga, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, and Pham Minh Dat. "Vietnam’s Meat Import Market Under Impacts Of The European -Vietnam Free Trade Agreement And Quality Management Demand." Management 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0061.

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Abstract The impact of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on commercial business of the member could be assessed by the potential and tangible effects. This paper is adopted by Partial equilibrium theory and SMART tool to measure the impact of EVFTA on the Vietnamese meat import (HS code 02). The result of this model is claimed that EVFTA has a huge impact on boosting the meat import from EU to Vietnam. However, the value of import in this category from European nations in each country and good fluctuated significantly. This study also proposes some measures for domestic businesses and the government
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Mondéjar-Jiménez, Juan Antonio, Francisco Sánchez-Cubo, and José Mondéjar-Jiménez. "Consumer Behaviour towards Pork Meat Products: A Literature Review and Data Analysis." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030307.

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Knowing the behaviour of consumers is essential for all types of companies, including meat companies. For this purpose, academia is an ally of industry, and analysing scientific production seems crucial for conducting future research. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out an exhaustive review of the literature, relying on both descriptive and bibliometric analyses, the latter being through the application of clustering techniques by simple centres. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) consumer perceptions, behaviours and attitudes towards food are the main focus of research
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Kamalapuram, Sishir K., Harish Handral, and Deepak Choudhury. "Cultured Meat Prospects for a Billion!" Foods 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 2922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10122922.

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The dietary protein requirements of almost 9.8 billion people need to be fulfilled in a healthy and sustainable manner by 2050. Meat consumption contributes to 35% of the total protein requirement of the Indian population. Meat intake needs to be sustainable and economical without causing food security and production issues. Consumption of meat in India is projected to rise with an increase in consumer incomes. Hence, novel alternative proteins, including cultured meat (CM) and plant-based meat (PBM), are being developed to satisfy the demand for meat-derived proteins in the diet. This involve
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Meat industry and trade Social aspects"

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Lea, Emma J. "Moving from meat : vegetarianism, beliefs and information sources." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl4335.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 327-346). A random population survey and a survey of vegetarians were conducted to examine South Australians' beliefs about meat and vegetarianism. Meat beliefs, barriers and benefits of vegetarianism, meat consumption, personal values, use of and trust in sources of food/nutrition/health information and demographic variables were measured.
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Tulibaski, Katherine Lynn. "Communicating CSR: A Longitudinal Examination of the Petroleum Industry's Social Issue Adoption." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/24998.

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Engelbrecht, Anel. "Establishing genetic and environmental parameters for ostrich (Struthio camelus domesticus) growth and slaughter characteristics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80204.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ostrich industry is a predominantly quantitative industry; focused mainly on the production of large numbers of slaughter birds for maximum meat and leather yield. Competing in the international market in the current economic environment necessitates a more qualitative approach. Productivity and product quality are aspects that need to be improved in order to stay competitive and economically viable. Genetic parameters for ostrich slaughter traits are lacking, however, and breeding programs are yet to be developed. Data on q
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Supartono, Alexander. "Re-imag(in)ing history : photography and the sugar industry in colonial Java." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11909.

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This thesis seeks to examine the ways that the success of the Dutch Empire at the turn of the twentieth century was represented and celebrated in the photographic albums of Dutch sugar industrialists in Java. It aims to show how the photographic practices that developed in the colony in parallel with its industrialisation informed the ways that the colony was imagined in the metropolis and the colony. Whether social portraiture, topographic studies or depictions of industrial machinery and infrastructure, the photographs of the sugar industry were part and parcel of a topical vernacular tradit
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Lehrke, Linda. "Determining and Evaluating Cost-Effective Food Safety Risk Reduction Strategies at Retail Meat Facilities." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29906.

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In spite of the documented success of Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (PR/HACCP) at the processing level, farm-level and retail-level application is optional. Several factors impact the gap of food safety regulations from farm to fork. This thesis focuses on the retail level. At the retail level, pathogen survival and the associated ability to cause further disease to humans even after being subjected to certain processing and packaging conditions have varying implications on the probability of sickness or death. This issue also arises over the fact that, som
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Smal, Desiree Nora. "The role of environmental sustainability in a design-driven fashion industry : a South African case study." Thesis, Cape Peninisula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2269.

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Thesis (DTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.<br>This thesis is an investigation into environmental sustainability in the South African fashion industry, with a particular focus on the role of design therein. The fashion and textile industry is a significant contributor to the South African economy and a major user of human and natural resources. It is through the use of resources – natural, constructed and human – that the industry is also supposedly damaging to the natural environment and the people working within it. Notable authors on environmentally sustainable d
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Akon, Yamga Gordon. "Oil in Ghana: a curse or not? Examining environmental justice and the social process in policymaking." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157653/.

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There is great expectation that oil development in Ghana will catapult the nation towards prosperity and lead to drastic improvement in the wellbeing of Ghanaians. However, there is also concern that Ghana could fail to achieve these due to the resource curse notwithstanding the fact that scholars of the curse have yet to agree on the inevitability of the curse. Resource curse scholars adduce different reasons for its occurrence or absence. One thing common among the scholars, however, is that none discusses environmental justice in the context of the curse. In this dissertation, I examine Gha
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Brown, Mary Ashby. "Opportunities, obstacles, and implications for ethical trade in the South African wine industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52387.

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Thesis (MScAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research paper attempts to elucidate the main issues surrounding the integration of ethical trade, meaning the building, monitoring, and communicating of social and/or environmental responsibility, within the South African wine industry. The author first establishes the hypothesis that social and/or environmental responsibility is important to the South African wine industry, as this investment could theoretically provide the industry with a competitive advantage in an increasingly cutthroat international wi
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Cloete, Johanna Cecilia. "Die rol van waardetoevoeging in die produksie, verwerking en verspreiding van rooivleis in die Langeberg." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19919.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates, primarily, value adding in the red meat value chain, and secondary, the scope of red meat consumption in the Langeberg on a formal level. The value chain is proposed as a value system, since the latter dispose of feedback capacity. This ability of a system means that the elements identified can change and influence each other, unlike a value chain, where information is traditionally sent linearly. Vanaf a systems approach, the production, processing and distribution of red meat are investigated by mean
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Russell, Diane. "Food supply and the state: the history and social organization of the rice trade in Kisangani, Zaire." Thesis, Boston University, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41553.

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In Kisangani, as in other parts of Africa subject to political parasitism and economic chaos, people have had to draw on many channels of access to resources in order to survive. This pattern of shifting strategies militates against sustained investment in food supply and thus is a major factor in the food crisis in Africa. Thirteen months of fieldwork in the city of Kisangani and the surrounding subregion of Tshopo revealed how constantly changing regulations, inflation and poor infrastructure forced merchants and farmers into diversification and made long-term investment in rice p
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Livros sobre o assunto "Meat industry and trade Social aspects"

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Gracey, J. F. Meat hygiene. 9th ed. London: Baillière Tindall, 1992.

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Petersen, Gunner V. Veterinary aspects of meat quality. Palmerston North, N.Z: Veterinary Continuing Education, Massey University, 1991.

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Lyng, James Gerard. The effects of high intensity low frequency ultrasound on aspects of meat tenderness. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.

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Coe, Sue. Dead meat. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1995.

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Dead meat. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1995.

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Krasner, Deborah. Good meat: The complete guide to sourcing and cooking sustainable meat. New York, NY: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 2010.

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executive, Health and safety. Safety in meat preparation: Guidance for butchers. Sudbury, Suffolk: HSEBooks, 1988.

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Hendrix, William Frank. Western Canadian meat industries: Observations on cross-border trade. Pullman, WA: International Marketing Program for Agricultural Commodities & Trade, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1993.

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Cogan, Bohanec, ed. The ultimate betrayal: Is there happy meat? Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, Inc., 2013.

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Pascal, Mainsant, ed. La viande voit rouge. Paris]: Fayard, 2012.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Meat industry and trade Social aspects"

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Warren, Lorraine. "Critical Thinking and Human Centered Methods in Information Systems." In Human Centered Methods in Information Systems, 175–94. IGI Global, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-64-3.ch012.

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Over the last four decades, information technology (IT) has permeated almost every aspect of our lives. From its origins in the data processing (DP) departments of large organisations, where bureaucratic operations were automated on mainframe computers, IT has penetrated ever further into all kinds of organisational activity, largely due to the accessibility of the personal computer (PC) in the 1980s and the 1990s. Beyond that, IT is also involved in many aspects of our everyday lives, such as education, leisure and entertainment, now that the boundaries between traditional telecommunications technologies and computer-based systems effectively no longer exist. This permeation has meant that the range of people now closely involved with IT on a regular basis has expanded far beyond the white-coated experts in the early DP departments, with terms such as ‘the information society’ in common parlance. It is therefore hardly surprising that the discipline of information systems (IS) emerged and is now evolving to meet the challenge of analysis and design in this complex and dynamic social environment. Nor is it surprising that IS is moving on from its early emphasis on highly structured formal methods of analysis and design, designed to cope with the machine-like preoccupations of the data processing world, to a far softer, human-centred focus. There is clearly an agenda for improvement for IS; although the notions of success and failure may be problematic in themselves, we hear of IS ‘failures’ which make the evening news at depressingly regular intervals — Y2K, the UK air traffic control project at West Drayton, the recent Passport Agency fiasco, for example. More generally, a wide-ranging (14,000 organisations) survey in the UK carried out by the Economic and Social Research Council and the Department of Trade and Industry (OASIG, 1996) concerning the outcomes of IT investments makes worrying reading, reporting that:
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Mura, Ladislav. "The Industrial Meat Processing Enterprises in the Adaptation Process of Marketing Management of the European Market." In Scientific, Health and Social Aspects of the Food Industry. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/33417.

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Emmendoerfer, Magnus, and Elias Mediotte. "Crisis Management Modus and Sustainability in Touristic Destinations." In Sustainability and Competitiveness in the Hospitality Industry, 213–44. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9285-4.ch009.

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This study aims to point out what measures were adopted at the local level to face the pandemic caused by COVID-19. The challenge of the current context lies in the pressures from the trade-off between the reopening of economic activities of a municipality in which tourism is the only economic activity and the recommendations for isolation and social distancing, except essential services. Utilizing documentary and content analysis, this study enabled the authors to consider the locus defined in the case study as a municipality of atomized governance, prioritizing economic aspects to the detriment of socio-environmental and socio-cultural aspects in the constituent phases of the crisis management modus now conferred and (re)adapted. Moreover, sustainable planning that proposes and harmonizes the recovery of the local tourism industry with the precepts of sustainability advocated by the United Nations was absent, given the impacts caused by COVID-19 in the post-pandemic scenario.
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Arslan, Osman, and Gönül Kaya Özbag. "Sustainability in Liner Shipping." In Handbook of Research on the Applications of International Transportation and Logistics for World Trade, 210–23. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1397-2.ch012.

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The concept of sustainability has become increasingly significant and has forced companies to take sustainable measures because of the reduction of energy resources and operational efficiency, the increase in emission release, and environmental pollution. In addition, technological developments and globalization have also affected the maritime industry and coerced shipping companies to struggle to survive in a highly competitive environment. Sustainability is addressed by environmental, social, and economic aspects under the GRI. It should be noticed that many important elements based on economy, environment, social aspects, technology, and information determine sustainability. Sustainability also benefits from KPI indicators that determine ship performance criteria. This chapter examines the concept of sustainability in various dimensions and establishes a general framework by searching the literature of sustainability of liner shipping and also sustainability reports of the international maritime transport companies.
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Basevi, Mario, and Lucio Biggiero. "An International Trade Comparison of Two Supposedly Different Sectors." In Relational Methodologies and Epistemology in Economics and Management Sciences, 172–205. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9770-6.ch006.

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According to modern international economics, and especially evolutionary economic geography, a country industry characteristics influence the structure of its international trade. Following this view, this chapter moves from the following basic research issue: if two sectors are very different according to market, economic and technological aspects, should we expect that its corresponding international trade networks are as well markedly different? Aerospace and Common Earth Materials seem quite different in those respects, and thus, they are good candidates to explore that research issue. Its comparison allowed to evidence and discuss some methodological problems in applying social network analysis, and especially in using it to compare different networks. In particular, it is underlined the difficulty to handle valued networks when value variance is very high, and to combine three groups of indicators: simple, hierarchy focused, and strictly topological. The comparative analysis employed 32 indicators either at network or sub-network level, like for core-periphery analysis, which indicate clear and marked diversity only in terms of hierarchical degree and topological aspects. A first conclusion is that the two examined trade networks are following a similar path and, excepted for few indicators, they seem to be rather similar even at a deeper structural level. Hence, one (or more) of three implications can be drawn: 1) the global value networks corresponding to the two sectors are not so markedly different; 2) they are substantially different but such a diversity does not produce a significant difference in terms of international trade networks; 3) there are some methodological problems that prevent differences to be evidence and require a more refined and modified comparison. A second conclusion is that trade patterns of both sectors are rather unstable.
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Basevi, Mario, and Lucio Biggiero. "An International Trade Comparison of Two Supposedly Different Sectors." In International Business, 1052–82. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9814-7.ch050.

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According to modern international economics, and especially evolutionary economic geography, a country industry characteristics influence the structure of its international trade. Following this view, this chapter moves from the following basic research issue: if two sectors are very different according to market, economic and technological aspects, should we expect that its corresponding international trade networks are as well markedly different? Aerospace and Common Earth Materials seem quite different in those respects, and thus, they are good candidates to explore that research issue. Its comparison allowed to evidence and discuss some methodological problems in applying social network analysis, and especially in using it to compare different networks. In particular, it is underlined the difficulty to handle valued networks when value variance is very high, and to combine three groups of indicators: simple, hierarchy focused, and strictly topological. The comparative analysis employed 32 indicators either at network or sub-network level, like for core-periphery analysis, which indicate clear and marked diversity only in terms of hierarchical degree and topological aspects. A first conclusion is that the two examined trade networks are following a similar path and, excepted for few indicators, they seem to be rather similar even at a deeper structural level. Hence, one (or more) of three implications can be drawn: 1) the global value networks corresponding to the two sectors are not so markedly different; 2) they are substantially different but such a diversity does not produce a significant difference in terms of international trade networks; 3) there are some methodological problems that prevent differences to be evidence and require a more refined and modified comparison. A second conclusion is that trade patterns of both sectors are rather unstable.
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María Cristina, Echeverría, Ortega-Andrate Sania, Obando Sebastián, and Marco Nuti. "Scientific, Technical, and Social Challenges of Coffee Rural Production in Ecuador." In Sustainable Agricultural Value Chain [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104747.

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The production of coffee in Ecuador a family activity carried out in rural areas. Due to the economic importance of this crop and its ability to adapt to different ecosystems, it has been widely introduced in government conservation and economic reactivation programs. At the present, it is cultivated in the four Ecuadorian natural regions that comprise the Amazon rainforest, the Andean mountains, the Pacific coast, and the Galapagos Islands. The different climate and altitude characteristics of these regions allow Ecuador to grow all commercial varieties of coffee. The variety planted, the region of origin, and the type of post-harvest processing gives each cup of coffee a unique flavor and aroma. To recovery the knowledge behind each production process, a complete review of the whole coffee productive chain was made. The information reviewed was compared with the available information of other neighboring countries and complemented with experiences described by small farmers. The analysis confirms that Ecuador has a competitive advantage due to its ecosystem diversity. However, the development of this industry depends on the correct implementation of policies that cover three main aspects: (1) farmers’ quality of life, (2) training and research programs, and (3) fair trade for small producers.
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Baracat, Maria Matilde Zraik, and Farley Simon Nobre. "Innovating and Serving the Poor with Antiretroviral Drug Systems." In Cases on the Diffusion and Adoption of Sustainable Development Practices, 1–19. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2842-7.ch001.

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This chapter presents an exploratory study about the Brazilian program on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It highlights the social and technological contributions, which have resulted from the production of antiretroviral drugs by the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil. First, this chapter reviews literature on the history of HIV epidemic and presents the HIV context as a pathology that affects the health of countries, putting at risk their economic and social development. Second, it analyzes the current situation of this epidemic in Brazil, by characterizing the Brazilian Pharmaceutical Industry (BPI). Third, this chapter elucidates the Brazilian production of antiretroviral drugs mainly based on aspects of patent law and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Results show that the adoption of the Brazilian program for HIV has been successful and encouraged its diffusion to, and adoption by, other countries due to its capability for wide and unrestricted distribution of medicines.
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Baracat, Maria Matilde Zraik, and Farley Simon Nobre. "Innovating and Serving the Poor with Antiretroviral Drug Systems." In Public Affairs and Administration, 1056–69. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8358-7.ch051.

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This chapter presents an exploratory study about the Brazilian program on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It highlights the social and technological contributions, which have resulted from the production of antiretroviral drugs by the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil. First, this chapter reviews literature on the history of HIV epidemic and presents the HIV context as a pathology that affects the health of countries, putting at risk their economic and social development. Second, it analyzes the current situation of this epidemic in Brazil, by characterizing the Brazilian Pharmaceutical Industry (BPI). Third, this chapter elucidates the Brazilian production of antiretroviral drugs mainly based on aspects of patent law and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Results show that the adoption of the Brazilian program for HIV has been successful and encouraged its diffusion to, and adoption by, other countries due to its capability for wide and unrestricted distribution of medicines.
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Kamel, Sherif, and Sherine Ghoneim. "The Impact of the Role of the Government of Egypt on Electronic Commerce Development and Growth." In The Social and Cognitive Impacts of e-Commerce on Modern Organizations, 253–76. IGI Global, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-249-7.ch012.

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Information and communication technology with a focus on the digital economy and the implications of the development of electronic commerce is increasingly playing an active role in the development and growth of the global economy. The implications are wide and diversified. This includes the facilitation of trade transactions and acceleration of movement of capital through the new rules of the digital economy with the removal of time and distance barriers. The impacts are varying in density and effectiveness between developed and developing nations. Electronic commerce could be beneficial to business and socioeconomic development in the north (developed world) as well as in the south (developing nations). Small and medium-sized enterprises stand a unique opportunity worldwide to optimally leverage their capacities and excel from the diversified communication channels the digital economy presents. However, one challenge remains critical and that is the growing digital divide emerging between developed and developing nations as well as within developing nations themselves, which could deepen income and wealth inequalities. In that respect, the government role in developing nations in preventing the widening of the digital divide is becoming increasingly vital with implications that vary and affect business, culture and the society at large. During the past two decades, electronic commerce has had a diversified variety of impacts on organizations of all types and sizes. Such impacts differed from one country to another and from one environment to another, depending on the local conditions and the adaptation of the society. Implications related to the management and leadership of the organizations, their vision, mission and strategies, policies, governance, the organizational learning, ethics and culture among other elements. This chapter demonstrates the role of the government of Egypt in introducing, diffusing and institutionalizing electronic commerce. Electronic commerce represents a tremendous challenge and at the same time a great opportunity for growth and development, and hence it needs an institutional role to regulate it. Electronic commerce promises great potentials for developing nations giving poor nations and their populations additional access to markets, information, and other resources that would have otherwise been inaccessible. However, there has been a great fear of a digital divide emerging between developed and developing nations. Hence, the governments’ involvement of developing nations, such as Egypt, in preventing the appearance or the widening of the digital divide is of paramount importance. With respect to electronic commerce, the role of the government is highly different from its traditional role in other conventional areas that have been subject to extensive research, such as infrastructure and social services amongst others. It is different because electronic commerce is a newly ventured domain for government involvement that requires substantial thinking and structuring of the role it should play; it is more or less a comprehensive new role with aspects related to setting the rules for market operations as well as developing control measures to handle the risk factor associated with electronic commerce-related investments. Electronic commerce represents both a challenge and an opportunity for a developing nation such as Egypt with potentials for growth and development. This chapter introduces electronic commerce in Egypt with a focus on the prevailing status and the institutional role of the government to regulate electronic commerce and develop the electronic trading industry.
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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Meat industry and trade Social aspects"

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Yamagishi, Kiichiro, Yukio Yamada, Yoshihiro Echizenya, and Shoji Ishiwata. "Current Status of Ceramic Gas Turbine R&D in Japan." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-114.

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The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) has started two nine-year national R&amp;D projects for small-capacity ceramic gas turbines (CGTs) from 1988, following several preliminary investigations of the technical aspects and of the social impacts of CGTs. Planned 300kW industrial ceramic gas turbines are to be used for co-generation and mobile power generation. The goals are 42% and higher for the thermal efficiency at the turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C, and the emission from the exhaust gas should meet the regulatory values. Also ceramic components have the goals
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