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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Methylone"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 1 de fevereiro de 2022

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1

Poyatos, Lourdes, Esther Papaseit, Eulalia Olesti, Clara Pérez-Mañá, Mireia Ventura, Xoán Carbón, Marc Grifell et al. "A Comparison of Acute Pharmacological Effects of Methylone and MDMA Administration in Humans and Oral Fluid Concentrations as Biomarkers of Exposure". Biology 10, n.º 8 (17 de agosto de 2021): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080788.

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Considered the β-keto analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), 3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone) is a synthetic cathinone. Over the years, methylone has been used as a substitute for conventional psychostimulants, such as MDMA. To date, little is known about the human pharmacology of methylone; the only available information has been provided by surveys or published intoxication reports. In the present observational–naturalistic study, we evaluate the acute subjective and physiological effects of methylone after oral self-administration in comparison to MDMA in healthy poly-drug users. Fourteen participants (10 males, 4 females) selected their single oral doses of methylone from 100 to 300 mg (n = 8, mean dose 187.5 mg) or MDMA from 75 to 100 mg (n = 6, mean dose 87.5 mg) based on their experience. Study variables were assessed at 0, 1, 2, and 4 h (h) and included vital signs (non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate, cutaneous temperature) and subjective effects using visual analogue scales (VAS), the 49-item Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI) short form, and the Evaluation of the Subjective Effects of Substances with Abuse Potential (VESSPA-SSE) questionnaire. Additionally, oral fluid concentrations of methylone and MDMA were determined. Acute pharmacological effects produced by methylone followed the prototypical psychostimulant and empathogenic profile associated with MDMA, although they were less intense. Methylone concentrations in oral fluid can be considered a useful biomarker to detect acute exposure in oral fluid. Oral fluid concentrations of MDMA and methylone peaked at 2 h and concentrations of MDMA were in the range of those previously described in controlled studies. Our results demonstrate that the potential abuse liability of methylone is similar to that of MDMA in recreational subjects.

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Sadurní, L. Martínez, M. Grifell, L. Galindo, I. Ezquiaga, P. Quintana, M. Ventura, I. Fornís et al. "Methylone consumption characterized through samples handled by users". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (março de 2016): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.129.

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IntroductionIn recent years, the increasing use tendency of NPS has motivated both awareness and concern about their identification and potential harmfulness. Synthetic cathinones represent a significant proportion of the NPS available and methylone is one of the most frequently found in Europe.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to determine methylone presence and characteristics from the samples analyzed by Energy Control between the years 2009 and 2015 in Spain.MethodsFrom all 21,198 samples analyzed from august 2009 to august 2015, only those in which methylone was found are studied (n = 140). The samples have been analyzed by Energy Control, a spanish harm-reduction NGO that offers to users the possibility of analyzing the substances they intend to consume. The analysis is done by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsFrom the 140 samples containing methylone, 87 were handled as methylone, 20 as MDMA, 8 as other synthetic cathinones and 25 as other substances. The peak of consume was registered in 2011 with 41 samples then the number decreased until 10 samples in 2015.ConclusionsResults suggest that methylone is most frequently handled as methylone or as MDMA and that its consumption could be decreasing. Further pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, clinical and epidemiological studies should be conducted to enhance the knowledge not only about methylone consumption, but also about synthetic cathinones in general in order to assess their potential risk and study the complications and its management.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Monteagudo, E., M. de Dios, A. Trabsa, M. Grifell, L. Galindo, P. Quintana, A. Palma et al. "Is methylone a new public health threat in Spain?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): s871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1749.

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IntroductionDue to the continuous search for new, legal, less expensive, and more powerful highs by drug users, the synthesis of novel cathinone derivatives has become a fruitful industry, leading to a fast emergence of new alternative substances every year. Methylone (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone) is one of the substances that rapidly emerged as the main ingredient of “bath salts”, becoming readily accessible on the Internet. This fact has raised concerns about its potential harmfulness.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to analyze the presence of methylone in samples delivered to energy control from 2014 to 2015 in Spain.MethodsA total of 8324 samples were assessed from June 2014 to May 2015. Only those samples acquired as methylone were studied. They were analyzed by energy control, a Spanish harm reduction NGO that offers the possibility of analyzing the substances that users report. Analysis was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsTen users reported to have acquired methylone (0.12%). The most used source for acquiring it was the Internet (60%). Other sources included a friend or relative (10%), home-delivered (10%) or undetermined (20%). There was no peak of consume as 50% were acquired in 2014 and 50% in 2015.DiscussionAccording to the results, the presence of methylone in our samples is extremely low. Therefore, despite the fact that methylone monitorization is ought to be carried out, this substance is not expected to be an emerging issue concerning Public Health and no further clinical research should be done.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Barrios, L., H. Grison-Hernando, D. Boels, R. Bouquie, C. Monteil-Ganiere e R. Clement. "Death following ingestion of methylone". International Journal of Legal Medicine 130, n.º 2 (13 de junho de 2015): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-015-1212-4.

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Centazzo, Nicole, Michael R. Chojnacki, Joshua S. Elmore, Raider Rodriguez, Teeshavi Acosta, Masaki Suzuki, Kenner C. Rice, Michael H. Baumann e Marta Concheiro. "Brain Concentrations of Methylone and Its Metabolites after Systemic Methylone Administration: Relationship to Pharmacodynamic Effects". Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 377, n.º 3 (30 de março de 2021): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.121.000531.

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Piao, Ying-Shan, Frank Scott Hall, Yuki Moriya, Miki Ito, Arihisa Ohara, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri, Yukihiro Goda et al. "Methylone-induced hyperthermia and lethal toxicity". Behavioural Pharmacology 26, n.º 4 (junho de 2015): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000135.

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Pearson, J. M., T. L. Hargraves, L. S. Hair, C. J. Massucci, C. Clinton Frazee, U. Garg e B. R. Pietak. "Three Fatal Intoxications Due to Methylone". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 36, n.º 6 (15 de maio de 2012): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bks043.

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Kovács, Katalin, Anita Réka Tóth e Éva Margit Kereszty. "A new designer drug: Methylone related death". Orvosi Hetilap 153, n.º 7 (fevereiro de 2012): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29310.

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This report presents a fatal case related to the consumption of methylone, a relatively new cathinone type designer drug. A 16-year-old boy suddenly lost his consciousness in a party. Resuscitation had been continued for about 1.5 hours at the intensive care unit, but it was unsuccessful. His previous history included cardiac malformation detected at infancy and bronchial asthma had been diagnosed one year before his death. Signs of sudden cardiac death were observed during autopsy. Methylone intake was proved in blood and liver extract using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; its concentration was 272 ng/ml in the blood, and 387 ng/g in the liver. Pathohistology revealed microvascular steatosis in the liver, which raised the possibility of chronic use of toxic substances. In addition, striated heart muscle damage was observed, which could be due to the use of an amphetamine-like substance. The authors presume that steatosis of the heart muscle, congenital heart disease and bronchial asthma could be predisposing factors for sudden cardiac death that occurred in the presence of relatively low levels of methylone. Access to various designer drugs is easy, fast and broad. Consequently, the potential abuse or overdose should be taken into consideration in the emergency practice. The use of “non-illicit” drugs does not require formal intervention by the authorities, but the medical service must alarm the stakeholders. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 271–276.

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Sogawa, Chiharu, Norio Sogawa, Kazumi Ohyama, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri, Yukihiro Goda, Ichiro Sora e Shigeo Kitayama. "Methylone and Monoamine Transporters: Correlation with Toxicity". Current Neuropharmacology 9, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2011): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015911795017425.

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Carbone, Peter, David L. Carbone, Shaun Carstairs e Scott A. Luzi. "Sudden Cardiac Death Associated With Methylone Use". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 138, suppl 2 (1 de novembro de 2012): A320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/138.suppl2.50.

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Carbone, Peter N., David L. Carbone, Shaun D. Carstairs e Scott A. Luzi. "Sudden Cardiac Death Associated With Methylone Use". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 34, n.º 1 (março de 2013): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/paf.0b013e31827ab5da.

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Cawrse, B. M., B. Levine, R. A. Jufer, D. R. Fowler, S. P. Vorce, A. J. Dickson e J. M. Holler. "Distribution of Methylone in Four Postmortem Cases". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 36, n.º 6 (11 de maio de 2012): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bks046.

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Watterson, Lucas R., e M. Foster Olive. "Synthetic Cathinones and Their Rewarding and Reinforcing Effects in Rodents". Advances in Neuroscience 2014 (4 de junho de 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/209875.

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Synthetic cathinones, colloquially referred to as “bath salts,” are derivatives of the psychoactive alkaloid cathinone found in Catha edulis (Khat). Since the mid-to-late 2000s, these amphetamine-like psychostimulants have gained popularity amongst drug users due to their potency, low cost, ease of procurement, and constantly evolving chemical structures. Concomitant with their increased use is the emergence of a growing collection of case reports of bizarre and dangerous behaviors, toxicity to numerous organ systems, and death. However, scientific information regarding the abuse liability of these drugs has been relatively slower to materialize. Recently we have published several studies demonstrating that laboratory rodents will readily self-administer the “first generation” synthetic cathinones methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and methylone via the intravenous route, in patterns similar to those of methamphetamine. Under progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, the rank order of reinforcing efficacy of these compounds is MDPV ≥ methamphetamine > methylone. MDPV and methylone, as well as the “second generation” synthetic cathinones α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) and 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), also dose-dependently increase brain reward function. Collectively, these findings indicate that synthetic cathinones have a high abuse and addiction potential and underscore the need for future assessment of the extent and duration of neurotoxicity induced by these emerging drugs of abuse.

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Shimizu, Eiji, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Takashi Kojima, Hiroko Hagiwara, Mihisa Fujisaki, Ryosuke Miyatake, Kenji Hashimoto e Masaomi Iyo. "Combined intoxication with methylone and 5-MeO-MIPT". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 31, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2007): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.012.

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Bossong, M., J. Van Dijk e R. Niesink. "Methylone and mCPP, two new drugs of abuse?" Addiction Biology 10, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2005): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556210500350794.

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Pedersen, Anders Just, Trine Hedebrink Petersen e Kristian Linnet. "In Vitro Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Studies on Methylone". Drug Metabolism and Disposition 41, n.º 6 (1 de abril de 2013): 1247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.112.050880.

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Warrick, Brandon J., John Wilson, Matthew Hedge, Scott Freeman, Karen Leonard e Cynthia Aaron. "Lethal Serotonin Syndrome After Methylone and Butylone Ingestion". Journal of Medical Toxicology 8, n.º 1 (9 de dezembro de 2011): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13181-011-0199-6.

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Spálovská, Dita, Tereza Maříková, Michal Kohout, František Králík, Martin Kuchař e Vladimír Setnička. "Methylone and pentylone: structural analysis of new psychoactive substances". Forensic Toxicology 37, n.º 2 (1 de março de 2019): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11419-019-00468-z.

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Boulanger-Gobeil, Cindy, Maude St-Onge, Martin Laliberté e Pierre L. Auger. "Seizures and Hyponatremia Related to Ethcathinone and Methylone Poisoning". Journal of Medical Toxicology 8, n.º 1 (14 de julho de 2011): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13181-011-0159-1.

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Knoy, Justin L., Brianna L. Peterson e Fiona J. Couper. "Suspected Impaired Driving Case Involving α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone, Methylone and Ethylone". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 38, n.º 8 (outubro de 2014): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bku073.

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McIntyre, Iain M., Catherine E. Hamm, Lenore Aldridge e Craig L. Nelson. "Acute methylone intoxication in an accidental drowning – A case report". Forensic Science International 231, n.º 1-3 (setembro de 2013): e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.06.005.

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Javadi-Paydar, Mehrak, Jacques D. Nguyen, Sophia A. Vandewater, Tobin J. Dickerson e Michael A. Taffe. "Locomotor and reinforcing effects of pentedrone, pentylone and methylone in rats". Neuropharmacology 134 (maio de 2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.002.

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Creehan, Kevin M., Sophia A. Vandewater e Michael A. Taffe. "Intravenous self-administration of mephedrone, methylone and MDMA in female rats". Neuropharmacology 92 (maio de 2015): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.003.

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Couto, Rosa A. S., Bassim Mounssef, Félix Carvalho, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, Ataualpa A. C. Braga, Leigh Aldous, Luís Moreira Gonçalves e M. Beatriz Quinaz. "Methylone screening with electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer on screen-printed electrodes". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 316 (agosto de 2020): 128133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128133.

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López-Arnau, Raul, Jose Martínez-Clemente, David Pubill, Elena Escubedo e Jorge Camarasa. "Comparative neuropharmacology of three psychostimulant cathinone derivatives: butylone, mephedrone and methylone". British Journal of Pharmacology 167, n.º 2 (22 de agosto de 2012): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01998.x.

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Heather, Erin, Adam Bortz, Ronald Shimmon e Andrew M. McDonagh. "Organic impurity profiling of methylone and intermediate compounds synthesized from catechol". Drug Testing and Analysis 9, n.º 3 (10 de fevereiro de 2017): 436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2140.

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Araújo, Ana Margarida, Márcia Carvalho, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, Félix Carvalho e Paula Guedes de Pinho. "Metabolic signature of methylone in primary mouse hepatocytes, at subtoxic concentrations". Archives of Toxicology 93, n.º 11 (7 de setembro de 2019): 3277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-019-02566-8.

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Valente, M. J., A. M. Araújo, R. Silva, M. L. Bastos, F. Carvalho, P. Guedes de Pinho e M. Carvalho. "Hepatic oxidative stress induced by methylone and MDPV: A comparison to MDMA". Toxicology Letters 238, n.º 2 (outubro de 2015): S265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.765.

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Elmore, Joshua S., Ora Dillon-Carter, John S. Partilla, Kayla N. Ellefsen, Marta Concheiro, Masaki Suzuki, Kenner C. Rice, Marilyn A. Huestis e Michael H. Baumann. "Pharmacokinetic Profiles and Pharmacodynamic Effects for Methylone and Its Metabolites in Rats". Neuropsychopharmacology 42, n.º 3 (23 de setembro de 2016): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.213.

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Kamata, H. T., N. Shima, K. Zaitsu, T. Kamata, A. Miki, M. Nishikawa, M. Katagi e H. Tsuchihashi. "Metabolism of the recently encountered designer drug, methylone, in humans and rats". Xenobiotica 36, n.º 8 (agosto de 2006): 709–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00498250600780191.

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Karlsson, Louise, Mikael Andersson, Robert Kronstrand e Fredrik C. Kugelberg. "Mephedrone, Methylone and 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Induce Conditioned Place Preference in Mice". Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 115, n.º 5 (6 de maio de 2014): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12253.

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Kikura-Hanajiri, Ruri, Maiko Kawamura, Kazuhiro Saisho, Yukio Kodama e Yukihiro Goda. "The disposition into hair of new designer drugs; methylone, MBDB and methcathinone". Journal of Chromatography B 855, n.º 2 (agosto de 2007): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.05.018.

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Zona, Luke C., Gregory G. Grecco e Jon E. Sprague. "Cooling down the bath salts: Carvedilol attenuation of methylone and mephedrone mediated hyperthermia". Toxicology Letters 263 (novembro de 2016): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.10.012.

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Silva, B., C. Fernandes, M. Pinto, P. Guedes de Pinho e F. Remião. "Enantioresolution of pentedrone and methylone and in vitro dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cytotoxicity studies". Toxicology Letters 295 (outubro de 2018): S269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.030.

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López-Arnau, Raúl, José Martínez-Clemente, David Pubill, Elena Escubedo e Jorge Camarasa. "Serotonergic impairment and memory deficits in adolescent rats after binge exposure of methylone". Journal of Psychopharmacology 28, n.º 11 (18 de setembro de 2014): 1053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881114548439.

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Nguyen, Jacques D., Yanabel Grant, Kevin M. Creehan, Sophia A. Vandewater e Michael A. Taffe. "Escalation of intravenous self-administration of methylone and mephedrone under extended access conditions". Addiction Biology 22, n.º 5 (5 de abril de 2016): 1160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adb.12398.

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Goldsmith, Robert, Sudhan Pachhain, Sayantan Roy Choudhury, Vipa Phuntumart, Ray Larsen e Jon E. Sprague. "Gender differences in tolerance to the hyperthermia mediated by the synthetic cathinone methylone". Temperature 6, n.º 4 (12 de agosto de 2019): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2019.1648988.

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Silva, Bárbara, José A. Pereira, Sara Cravo, Ana Margarida Araújo, Carla Fernandes, Madalena M. M. Pinto, Paula Guedes de Pinho e Fernando Remião. "Multi-milligram resolution and determination of absolute configuration of pentedrone and methylone enantiomers". Journal of Chromatography B 1100-1101 (novembro de 2018): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.002.

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Grifell, M., L. Galindo, M. Ventura, E. Ribera, P. Quintana, A. Palma, X. Carbón et al. "The cat and the mouse game: Is there a shift towards more dangerous substances in the cathinone illicit market?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): s863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1726.

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IntroductionAfter mephedrone's ban in March 2010 new cathinones proliferated widely, even a new branch of atypical derivatives was launched into the market, represented by MDPV. The cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity draws attention to this new family of cathinones, also known as pyrovalerones. MDPV was scheduled in 2011, leading to the apparition of Alpha-PVP from which there is little information.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to describe the evolution of different cathinones in the samples delivered for analysis to the harm reduction NGO energy control from March 2009 to March 2016 in Spain.MethodsEnergy control is a Spanish harm reduction NGO that offers to drug users the possibility of analyzing the substances they intend to consume. From March 2009 to March 2016 a total of 24,528 samples were analyzed by the NGO from which 760 contained cathinones. Substance analysis was done by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2016, cathinones represented a 2.82% from all analyzed samples. From March 2009 to March 2010, only 5 different cathinones were detected, in this same period methylone (n = 16; 37.20%) and mephedrone (n = 17; 39.53%) represented 76% of analyzed cathinones (n = 43). From March 2015 to March 2016, 132 cathinones were detected: methylone and mephedrone represented only 19.69%, giving prominence to clephedrone (n = 25; 18.93%) and Alpha-PVP (n = 24; 18.18%).ConclusionsThe evolution of synthetic cathinones detected by energy control is consistent with the evolution described in the literature. From 2009 to 2016, the cathinones detected diversify and new substances with higher toxicity potential appear.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Wakeford, Alison G. P., Alexander M. Sherwood, Thomas E. Prisinzano, Jack Bergman, Stephen J. Kohut e Carol A. Paronis. "Discriminative-Stimulus Effects of Synthetic Cathinones in Squirrel Monkeys". International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 24, n.º 8 (28 de abril de 2021): 656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab017.

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Abstract Background Synthetic cathinones display overlapping behavioral effects with psychostimulants (e.g., methamphetamine [MA]) and/or entactogens (e.g., 3,4-methylenedioxymethaphetamine [MDMA])—presumably reflecting their dopaminergic and/or serotonergic activity. The discriminative stimulus effects of MDMA thought to be mediated by such activity have been well characterized in rodents but have not been fully examined in nonhuman primates. Methods The present studies were conducted to systematically evaluate the discriminative stimulus effects of 5 abused synthetic cathinones (methylenedioxypyrovalerone [MDPV], α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone [α-PVP], methcathinone [MCAT], mephedrone, and methylone) in adult male squirrel monkeys trained to distinguish intramuscular injections of MA (0.1 mg/kg; n = 4) or MDMA (0.6 mg/kg; n = 4) from vehicle. Results Each training drug produced dose-dependent effects and, at the highest dose, full substitution. MDMA produced predominantly vehicle-like responding in the MA-trained group, whereas the highest dose of MA (0.56 mg/kg) produced partial substitution (approximately 90% appropriate lever responding in one-half of the subjects) in the MDMA-trained group. MDPV, α-PVP, and MCAT produced full substitution in MA-trained subjects, but, at the same or higher doses, only substituted for MDMA in one-half of the subjects, consistent with primarily dopaminergically mediated interoceptive effects. In contrast, mephedrone and methylone fully substituted in MDMA-trained subjects but failed to fully substitute for the training drug in MA-trained subjects, suggesting a primary role for serotonergic actions in their interoceptive effects. Conclusions These findings suggest that differences in the interoceptive effects of synthetic cathinones in nonhuman primates reflect differing compositions of monoaminergic actions that also may mediate their subjective effects in humans.

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Antsyborov, Andrey Viktorovich, e Azat Railevich Asadulin. "Psychoactive effects and toxic reactions associated with the use of mephedrone and methylone (review)". Interactive science, n.º 9 (19) (21 de setembro de 2017): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-463419.

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den Hollander, Bjørnar, Stanislav Rozov, Anni-Maija Linden, Mikko Uusi-Oukari, Ilkka Ojanperä e Esa R. Korpi. "Long-term cognitive and neurochemical effects of “bath salt” designer drugs methylone and mephedrone". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 103, n.º 3 (janeiro de 2013): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2012.10.006.

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Shimomura, Eric T., Alice J. Briones, Wendy S. Warren, Joseph W. Addison, Jessica L. Knittel, Sarah A. Shoemaker, Taj D. King e Thomas Z. Bosy. "Case Report of Methylone, Oxymorphone and Ethanol in a Fatality Case with Tissue Distribution". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 40, n.º 7 (11 de julho de 2016): 543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkw045.

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Daniel, Jollee J., e Robert N. Hughes. "Increased anxiety and impaired spatial memory in young adult rats following adolescent exposure to methylone". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 146-147 (julho de 2016): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2016.05.003.

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Sorribes-Soriano, A., S. Sánchez-Martínez, R. Arráez-González, F. A. Esteve-Turrillas e S. Armenta. "Methylone determination in oral fluid using microextraction by packed sorbent coupled to ion mobility spectrometry". Microchemical Journal 153 (março de 2020): 104504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.104504.

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Baumann, Michael H., Mario A. Ayestas, John S. Partilla, Jacqueline R. Sink, Alexander T. Shulgin, Paul F. Daley, Simon D. Brandt, Richard B. Rothman, Arnold E. Ruoho e Nicholas V. Cozzi. "The Designer Methcathinone Analogs, Mephedrone and Methylone, are Substrates for Monoamine Transporters in Brain Tissue". Neuropsychopharmacology 37, n.º 5 (14 de dezembro de 2011): 1192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.304.

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Luethi, Dino, Karolina E. Kolaczynska, Melanie Walter, Masaki Suzuki, Kenner C. Rice, Bruce E. Blough, Marius C. Hoener, Michael H. Baumann e Matthias E. Liechti. "Metabolites of the ring-substituted stimulants MDMA, methylone and MDPV differentially affect human monoaminergic systems". Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, n.º 7 (30 de abril de 2019): 831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119844185.

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Weiss, Stephanie, Regina Seidl, Waltraud Kessler, Rudolf W. Kessler, Edith M. Zikulnig-Rusch e Andreas Kandelbauer. "Unravelling the Phases of Melamine Formaldehyde Resin Cure by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR)". Polymers 12, n.º 11 (2 de novembro de 2020): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112569.

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Resumo:

Here, we study resin cure and network formation of solid melamine formaldehyde pre-polymer over a large temperature range via dynamic temperature curing profiles. Real-time infrared spectroscopy is used to analyze the chemical changes during network formation and network hardening. By applying chemometrics (multivariate curve resolution, MCR), the essential chemical functionalities that constitute the network at a given stage of curing are mathematically extracted and tracked over time. The three spectral components identified by MCR were methylol-rich, ether linkages-rich and methylene linkages-rich resin entities. Based on dynamic changes of their characteristic spectral patterns in dependence of temperature, curing is divided into five phases: (I) stationary phase with free methylols as main chemical feature, (II) formation of flexible network cross-linked by ether linkages, (III) formation of rigid, ether-cross-linked network, (IV) further hardening via transformation of methylols and ethers into methylene-cross-linkages, and (V) network consolidation via transformation of ether into methylene bridges. The presented spectroscopic/chemometric approach can be used as methodological basis for the functionality design of MF-based surface films at the stage of laminate pressing, i.e., for tailoring the technological property profile of cured MF films using a causal understanding of the underlying chemistry based on molecular markers and spectroscopic fingerprints.

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Araújo, A. M., M. D. L. Bastos, F. Carvalho, M. Carvalho e P. Guedes de Pinho. "Metabolomic analysis of the toxicity pathways elicited by subtoxic concentrations of methylone in primary mouse hepatocytes". Toxicology Letters 295 (outubro de 2018): S267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.026.

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Poklis, Justin L., Carl E. Wolf, Omar I. ElJordi, Kai Liu, Shijun Zhang e Alphonse Poklis. "Analysis of the First- and Second-Generation Raving Dragon Novelty Bath Salts Containing Methylone and Pentedrone". Journal of Forensic Sciences 60 (2 de dezembro de 2014): S234—S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12629.

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