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Puthur, Jayapalan Amal Raj. "Properties of cement-based materials in the presence of nano and microparticle additives". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49104.
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Cement clinker production is a highly resource and energy intensive process and contributes substantially to annual global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. One potential pathway to reduce the environmental footprint of cement-based materials is through the reduction of clinker content in concrete by partial replacement of cement with fillers. In this investigation, the partial replacement of cement with chemically inert nano and microsized fillers of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and limestone was examined. The effects of nano and micro fillers on early-age properties, long-term properties, photocatalytic properties (for TiO₂-cement mixtures) and life cycle costs were measured and compared. Investigation of early-age properties shows that nanoparticles increase rate and degree of early cement hydration and chemical shrinkage due to heterogeneous nucleation effect. In contrast, coarser microparticles (>3µm in this research) maintain or marginally decrease the rate and degree of early cement hydration and decrease chemical shrinkage due to a dilution effect. In addition, temperature sensitivity of hydration reactions increases in the presence of nanoparticles. Investigation of long-term properties shows that pore size refinement is possible with the partial replacement of cement with nanoparticle fillers. But the long-term tests of filler-cement mixes also demonstrate that, compared to ordinary portland cement mix, the strength decreases and permeability increases. Analysis of photocatalytic properties of TiO₂-cement mixtures showed a lack of an appropriate testing procedure for nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) gas conversion by cement-based materials. Thus, a new standardized procedure and photocatalytic efficiency factor for characterizing photocatalytic NOₓ binding by cementitious materials is proposed. Life cycle analysis demonstrates that although inclusion of TiO₂ increases initial environmental impact of cementitious materials, the innovative photocatalytic properties of TiO₂ could improve sustainability. Life cycle analysis also shows that partial replacement of cement with limestone decreases environmental impact of cementitious mixtures due to lower processing “costs” of limestone compared to cement. Thus, the results from the current research demonstrate that variation of dosage and particle size of inert fillers can be used to tailor properties and structure of cement-based materials and that environmental sustainability can be improved by partial replacement of cement with inert fillers that introduce additional functionalities or fillers with lower embodied-energy and emissions.
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Kancharla, SaiKrishna. "Effect of Humidity and testing strategy on Friction Performance of model brake pads containing Nano-additives". OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2456.
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Interaction of brakes with external environment can considerably influence their performance which could relate to friction instabilities. Humidity can alter the chemistry of friction surfaces that could relate to unwanted phenomena which increase the cost of product. In addition to the chemical phenomena leading to unwanted reactions, there are physical effects related to adsorption of humidity and to modification of adhesion, accompanied with changes in contact surfaces and contact mechanics. The goal of this paper is to address these chemical and physical phenomena occurring at friction interfaces of model friction materials and to relate them to their performance. Friction tests were performed by using the environmental (equipped with humidity and temperature chambers) bench-top UMT TriboLab friction tester (Bruker) with scaled-down parameters derived from adopted real vehicle braking scenario. Wear surfaces/mechanisms were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (Quanta FEG 450 by FEI) equipped with the energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (Inca System), and 3D optical microscope (NPFLEX by Bruker). Vibrational response was monitored by triaxial ICP Accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics, Model=356A45) and Oscilloscope (Agilent Technologies, Model= MSOX2024A). The data were analyzed by use of Matlab (MathWorks, Version= R2015A). The physical adsorption is dependent strongly on the surface topography; nevertheless, the chemical species/products generated at the friction surfaces are dominant factor dictating the quantity of absorbed humidity/species. Their chemistry differs from the chemistry of bulk and a complex correlation must be further studied. Adsorption considerably influences the friction performance (friction and its stability, wear, noise and environmental response/pollution capacity) of brake pads. Further studies addressing these phenomena are recommended. Keywords – humidity, friction, scanning electron microscopy, brake pads and X-ray microanalysis.
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Fleming, Steven. "Agro-process intensification using nano-structured micro-porous polymers as soil additives to enhance crop production". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1894.
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Polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsion Polymer (PHP) is a nano-structured microporous polymeric material with a variety of applications. PHPs may have a role to play in sustaining or enhancing crop yields in increasingly alien environments. An elastic hydrophilic version has been developed that has been shown to increase crop yields when used as a soil additive. Soil is a natural carrier of water and nutrients as well as bacteria all of which are widely distributed in the soil and inefficiently maintained and utilised by plants. When polymer is added to the soil, water is attracted to the polymer because of its hydrophilic nature, then roots are attracted to the water and nutrients (if present) in the polymer and they become intimately associated with PHP which therefore brings the plant into close proximity with any fertiliser and bacteria loaded into the polymer. Hence the polymer promotes the interactions between water/nutrients/bacteria/plant roots as well as root exudates within microscopic scale acting as a synthetic rhizosphere which benefits the plant in three ways: (1) Efficient water utilisation and conservation by the plant thus allowing plants to grow in drier environments than would otherwise be possible. The dry weight of soybean shoots with PHP added was increased over 100% compared to plants with no PHP. (2) By adding a fertiliser component to the polymer it can act as a slow release fertiliser, releasing the fertiliser in close proximity to the plant roots, so a larger proportion is utilised by the plant rather than being leached away as normally happens when fertiliser is added direct to the soil. By modifying the production method of PHP so that it contained ammonium sulphate, a major component of many fertilisers, the dry weights of soybean shoots and pea shoots were increased by 66% and 48% respectively after 6 weeks growth. (3) By loading the polymer with beneficial bacteria and fungi, in particular nitrogen fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, it then offers a protective environment for the organisms which then have a competitive advantage over other soil organisms so their numbers can increase enabling them to make a significant contribution to the nutrient requirements of the plants, in particular nitrogen. The addition of PHP soaked with Azospirillum brasilense broth produced a dry weight increase in grass shoots of 9.6%, 9.5%, 40% and 145% after 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks growth respectively compared to plants with no PHP or bacteria
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Diar, Bakerly Bashar [Verfasser], e Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Breu. "Innovative, Platy Nano-Additives as Efficient Flame Retardants for Polymer Nanocomposites / Bashar Diar Bakerly. Betreuer: Josef Breu". Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1093512180/34.
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Berry, Seth David. "Experimental Characterization of Mode I Fracture Toughness of Reinforced Carbon Fiber Laminate with Nano-Cellulose and CNT Additives". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72132.
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Effective treatment of carbon fiber components to improve delamination resistance is vital to the application of such materials since delamination is one of the biggest concerns regarding the use of composites in the aerospace sector. Due to the significant application benefit gained from increased stiffness to density ratio with composite materials, innovative developments resulting in improved through-thickness strength have been on the rise. The inherent anisotropy of composite materials results in an added difficulty in designing structural elements that make use of such materials. Proposed techniques to improve the through-thickness strength of laminar composites are many and varied; however all share the common goal of improving inter-laminar bond strength.
This research makes use of novel materials in the field of wet flocking and Z-pinning. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have already demonstrated excellent mechanical properties in terms of stiffness and strength, originating at the nano-scale. These materials were introduced into the laminate while in a sol-gel suspension in an effort to improve load transfer between laminate layers. The effect of CNFs as lightweight renewable reinforcement for CFRPs will be investigated. Carbon nanotube (CNT) additives were also considered for their beneficial structural properties.Master of Science
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Pirondelli, Andrea. "Production and Electrical Characterization of Low Density Polyethylene-based Micro- and Nano-dielectrics containing Graphene Oxide, Functionalized Graphene and Carbon Black additives". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Oggigiorno la ricerca di nuovi materiali per gradatori di campo da impiegarsi in accessori di cavi ha iniziato a studiare alcuni materiali nano dielettrici con proprietà elettriche non lineari con la tensione ed aventi proprietà migliorate rispetto al materiale base. Per questo motivo in questo elaborato si sono studiati materiali nanostrutturati a base di polietilene a bassa densità (LDPE) contenenti nano polveri di grafene funzionalizzato (G*), ossido di grafene (GO) e carbon black (CB). Il primo obiettivo è stato quello di selezionare e ottimizzare i metodi di fabbricazione dei provini. La procedura di produzione è suddivisa in due parti. Nella prima parte è stata utilizzatala tecnica del ball-milling, mentre nella seconda un pressa termica (thermal pressing). Mediante la spettroscopia dielettrica a banda larga (BDS) si sono misurate le componenti reali e immaginarie della permettività e il modulo della conducibilità del materiale, in tensione alternata. Il miglioramento delle proprietà rispetto al provino di base composto dal solo polietilene si sono ottenute quando il quantitativo delle nanopolveri era maggiore. Le misure sono state effettuate sia a 3 V che a 1 kV. Attraverso misurazioni di termogravimetria (TGA) si è osservato l’aumento della resistenza termica di tutti i provini, soprattutto nel caso quando la % di nanopolveri è maggiore. Per i provini LDPE + 0.3 wt% GO e LDPE + 0.3 wt% G* si è misurata la resistenza alle scariche parziali attraverso la valutazione dell’erosione superficiale dei provini. Per il provino contenente G* è stato registrato una diminuzione del 22% del volume eroso, rispetto al materiale base, mentre per quello contenente GO non vi sono state variazioni significative. Infine si è ricercata la resistenza al breakdown di questi ultimi tre provini sopra citati. Per la caratterizzazione si è fatto uso della distribuzione di Weibull. Lo scale parameter α risulta aumentare solo per il provino LDPE + 0.3 wt% G*.
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FIORENTINI, CECILIA. "Sviluppo di nuove plastiche a base biologica per il settore dell'imballaggio alimentare". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/115281.
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In questa tesi di dottorato sono state esplorate diverse strategie per produrre industrialmente nuove miscele di bio-plastiche a base di PLA-PHB con migliori caratteristiche di sostenibilità, con l’impiego di PHB derivato da bucce di patate e nano-additivi di cellulosa e chitina derivati da sottoprodotti (quali paglia di grano e gusci di gamberi). Da queste miscele sono stati ottenuti dei film che sono stati testati anche per la compatibilità al contatto con alimenti e sono risultati in linea con il regolamento EU 10/2011 per alcune specifiche applicazioni alimentari. Seguendo le attuali innovazioni nel settore del packaging alimentare, sono stati realizzati su scala industriale anche materiali attivi aggiungendo estratti commerciali d’arancia e di foglie d’olivo sia per estrusione, sia attraverso la tecnica di coating. L’attività dei film prodotti è stata valutata utilizzando simulanti alimentari e attraverso l’applicazione diretta su burger di carne fresca di maiale per valutare una possibile estensione della durata di conservazione. In generale, i risultati ottenuti sono promettenti e rappresentano un buon punto di partenza per lavori futuri che dovranno testare se un aumento della concentrazione degli estratti nelle formulazioni possa migliorare ulteriormente l’attività dei film realizzati.In this PhD thesis several strategies were explored to industrially manufacture new bio-plastic blends based on PLA-PHB with improved sustainability performance, obtained with PHB from potato peels, cellulose, and chitin nano-additives from by-products (e.g., wheat straw and shrimp shells). The blends were used to produce films for the food sector that have been tested for compatibility with foodstuffs resulting compliant with EU Regulation 10/2011 for some target food applications. Based on the current innovations in the field of food packaging, active materials have also been produced on an industrial scale by adding commercial extracts, specifically of orange peels and olive leaves, either by extrusion or through the technique of surface coating. The activity of the films produced was evaluated using food simulants and through direct application on fresh pork burgers to assess a possible extension of meat shelf-life. In general, the results obtained are promising and represent a good starting point for future work, which should aim at testing if an increase in the concentration of the extracts in the formulations could further improve the activity of the films produced.
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Souza, Edith Marie Malateaux de. "Adesivo de contato de policloropreno base aquosa nanoaditivado e condicionado magneticamente". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-21062016-113107/.
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Atualmente, os adesivos de contato de policloropreno base aquosa, possuem capacidade de adesão, variando entre 1,15 até 2,75 kgf/cm2. Em contrapartida, os adesivos de policloropreno base solvente, suportam tensões médias de cisalhamento de 3,8 kgf/cm2. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta inovadora de condicionamento magnético do adesivo de contato de policloropreno base aquosa com o objetivo de aumentar a capacidade de aderência entre o adesivo e o substrato. Para promover um incremento na capacidade de adesão do adesivo de policloropreno base aquosa, formulou-se um adesivo utilizando um nanoaditivo, o gás carbônico como catalisador e um processo de condicionamento magnético precedente à etapa de aplicação sobre os substratos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram aumento médio de 292 % na tensão de cisalhamento do adesivo condicionado magneticamente quando comparado com o adesivo de mesma formulação sem o condicionamento magnético, e quando comparado com um adesivo comercial de policloropreno base aquosa, o aumento foi de 122 %.Currently, the aqueous based polychloroprene contact adhesive presents an adhesion capacity variation between 1,15 and up to 2,75 kgf/cm2. However, the solvent based polychloroprene adhesives support average tensions of shearing of 3,8 kgf/cm2. This research is an innovative proposal for magnetic conditioning of the aqueous based polychloroprene contact adhesive with the purpose of increasing the adherence capacity between the adhesive and the substrate. To promote an increase of adhesion to the aqueous based polychloroprene contact adhesive, we formulated one adhesive using a nano-additive, carbon dioxide as catalyst, and a magnetic conditioning process before the phase of application on the substrates. The results obtained show an average increase of 292 % in the shearing tension of the adhesive magnetically conditioned when compared with an adhesive of the same formulation without the magnetic conditioning and 122 % increase when compared to the commercial aqueous based polichloroprene adhesive.
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Lahouij, Imène. "Mécanismes de lubrification des nanoparticules à structure Fullerène : approche multi-échelle". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790813.
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Les fullerènes de bisulfure métallique de type ( M eS2 , où Me= Mo et W) rencontrent un intérêt croissant du fait de leurs pouvoirs anti usure et réducteur de frottement en régime de lubrification limite. Les propriétés tribologiques de ces nanoparticules, dépendent à la fois de leurs caractéristiques intrinsèques (structure, morphologie, taille, ... ), des conditions de sollicitations (nature des surfaces, pression, température, ... ) ainsi que du cocktail d'additifs présent dans une formulation d'huile moteur. La compréhension de l'origine de ces propriétés passe obligatoirement par une parfaite connaissance du mode d'action des nanoparticules. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'identifier les paramètres pouvant avoir une influence sur le comportement des nanoparticules à l'échelle nanométrique et de faire le lien entre ce comportement, les mécanismes de lubrification des nanoparticules, et leurs propriétés tribologiques. Afin de répondre à cet objectif nous avons adopté une approche multi échelle qui consiste dans un premier temps à étudier le comportement de fullerènes individuels (IF - M eS2 , ou Me= Mo et W) en cours de sollicitation. Ainsi grâce à une méthodologie expérimentale originale couplant la technique de nano indentation à une observation in situ dans un microscope électronique à transmission haute résolution (HRMET), nous avons visualisé pour la toute première fois et en temps réelle comportement de nanoparticules individuelles d'if- M eS2 (Me= Mo et W) sollicitées en compression et/ou en cisaillement dans un contact dynamique. Cette étude a permis d'identifier l'influence des caractéristiques intrinsèques des fullerènes sur leur réponse à l'échelle nanométrique et d'estimer des pressions de contact pour lesquelles le fullerène s'exfolie, roule ou glisse dans le contact. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux mécanismes de lubrification des fullerènes en dispersion dans une base lubrifiante, en condition de lubrification limite. En se basant sur des analyses XPS et des observations MEB et MET des tribofilms et des débris d'usure générés à l'issu d'essais de frottement réalisés dans trois contacts de nature différente (acier, alumine et DLC), nous avons clairement montré que les propriétés lubrifiantes des nanoparticules d'IF - M eS2 (Me= Mo et W) dépendaient à la fois de leurs caractéristiques intrinsèques et de la nature des surfaces frottantes. Ainsi un lien a été établi entre le comportement des fullerènes à l'échelle nanométrique et leur mode d'action dans un contact tribologique. Enfin, l'influence de la mise en dispersion des nanoparticules sur leurs propriétés tribologiques a été étudiée. Les propriétés tribologiques des nanoparticules dans une huile moteur ont été également évaluées. Deux approches expérimentales de type 'Bottom up' et 'Top dawn'ont été adoptées afin d'évaluer les interactions entre les nanoparticules et l'ensemble des additifs présents dans une huile complétement formulée. L'influence de la température sur les propriétés tribologiques des nanoparticules a été également abordée.
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陳世璋. "The Effect of Nano-Material Additives on". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16270989635782547076.
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碩士國立交通大學
機械工程系所
95
This investigation is focused on cultures with NIH3T3 fibroblasts, in order to observe the effect of different materials on adherence, growth and proliferation. A scanning electron microscope was used to characterize cell morphology. The fibroblasts were able to attach on all substrates and coatings after 1 to 2 days. On smooth surface (flask and Ti substrates), cells became gradually attached on substrates at early phases; on rough-surface materials (CNTs/Ti ), thin and long filopodia between the cells were connected to the substrate. Surface roughness has significant effect on the cell morphology and cell adhesion number. Additionally , the fibroblasts under SEM showed better and faster attachment and greater extension on CNTs/Ti coatings than flask and Ti alloy. This indicates that the carbon nanotube composite coating on Ti alloy has remarkable biocompatibility.
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Wu, Sheng-An, e 吳聖安. "Studies on the Synthesizing of SiloxaneModified Nano Silica as UV Coatings Additives". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66048832011216283014.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
森林暨自然資源研究所
95
To obtain the synthesize nano inorganic/organic hybrid copolymer as a UV coatings additives, the nano silica was modified by siloxane. The results of FTIR and 29Si solid-state NMR analysis showed that the methoxy groups are broken from MEMO, and free MEMO were grafted with nano silica, T type structure, suggesting that nano inorganic/organic hybrid copolymer was created. For the appearance properties, after mixing S90 in TMP(EO)3TA, it was more transparently than mixing TT600, but the gel phenomenon was occurred at 6 % with the physical method. The observations of SEM showed that the dispersibility of nano particles, add content, and agglomerating resistance of hybrid copolymer were better than those of blending polymers. The fluid characteristics of all formulas with 20, 25, and 30 % of S90 hybrid copolymer showed the Newtonian fluids, but the others were non-Newtonian fluids. When the additives were added in the UV coatings, the coating film properties of the hardness increased, the gloss decreased, and the critical surface tension decreased with the increasing of additives amount, especially for critical surface tension, the value of PHS20 was 19.23 dyne/cm, expressing it was with a stronger self clean function. For the results of the thermal behavior, the major pyrolysis temperature was increased when the copolymer of the nano silica as the UV coatings additives was added. And at 850 oC it also showed a positive correlation between the char and the amount of nano silica additives.
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Chen e 陳進旺. "The Effects of Nano Additives in Grease on Wearing and Temperature Resistance". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98304182759234699017.
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碩士建國科技大學
機電光系統研究所
93
Lubricating plays a quite important role on the behavior of wearing. The suitable additives can reduce coefficient of friction effectively, and leads to a lowest machine operating energy loss for improved performance and decreased energy consumption. Currently, the products of the additives have already been in market, however, the lubrication performance needs to be elevated. In this research, the main subject is the study of lubrication effect of nano additives on wearing resistance and temperature resistance by dispersing and adding various formulations into greases, such as NBU 8 EP and NB 52. Utilizing the wearing testing machine and other measurement equipments for the experiment of determination of the effects of adding nano additives on the lubrication. The results show that nano additive can strengthen wearing resistance and temperature resistance with different formulations having different wearing resistance. The best wearing resistance is adding 1wt% nano additive in NBU 8 EP. The effects of nano additive in NBU 8 EP on wearing and temperature resistance are better than in NB 52.
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Lan, Chou-Wei, e 藍冑偉. "Dynamic friction behaviors of the grease with nano-particles as additives in pneumatic cylinders". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4a998z.
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博士國立臺北科技大學
機電科技研究所
100
This study aims to build new friction force test equipment to measure and analyze the frictional force between seal and cylinder bore and dynamic friction characteristic of pneumatic cylinder with nano-lubricant. The dynamic characteristics of pneumatic cylinder are affected by guide seal, piston seal, grease and surface of cylinder bore. In seeking to improve the friction force characteristics of pneumatic cylinders and to clarify the friction phenomenon of the pneumatic cylinders, this study describes friction force measurement tests to measure the friction force of pneumatic cylinder, under both dry and lubricated conditions. Experimental equipments are designed to assess the effect of seals and lubrications in pneumatic cylinder, where the velocity and pressure of the driving cylinder are controlled. Measurements of friction force are shown for velocities of up to 200 mm/s. In this research, the first step, TiO2 and CuO nano-particles were chose to synthesize the nano-lubricants. Secord, a ball on flat test equipment was employed to measure the lubrication properties of Nano-lubricants. And the friction force measurement of pneumatic cylinder was used to measure the friction force of pneumatic cylinder with different seals in dry and lubricating condition. In these experiments, the best nano-lubricant and seal were chosen into analyze the friction characteristics of the grease with nano-particles as additives in pneumatic cylinder. The results appear that the friction force measurement system can effectively and precisely measure the friction force between seal and cylinder bore. And, in low velocity operate condition; the ball effect of the nano-particles can avoid the stick-slip motion of the piston. In the high velocity operate condition; the nano-particle can reduce the damp of the lubricant so that the friction force is not getting to increase. This study develops two equipments to measure and analyze the lubrication properties of the nano-lubricant and the dynamic characteristic of pneumatic cylinder with nano-lubricant. These equipments can help the researchers, engineers and designers to study any kind of lubricant and different setup of seals in the pneumatic cylinder.
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Tsai, Ping-Hsueh, e 蔡秉學. "Effects of the Nano-Diamond Additives on the Tribological Performance Improvement of Lubricating Grease". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27060039198623953574.
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碩士崑山科技大學
機械工程研究所
101
Ball screw is a very important element in precision machine industry. If has a low friction coefficient, long life, high positioning accuracy and as well as convert rotational motion to linear motion. Therefore, the lubricant used in the ball screw should be low friction and wear. The ultra-dispersed nano-diamond (UDD) is used to serve as an extreme pressure additive in the grease applied to the ball screw. The optimum selection of the UDD added to the grease E provided by the cooperated company is the UDD with a mean particle diameter of 200 nm, concentration of 100 ppm dispersed in the OLA dispersant from the four-ball extreme pressure test results. The grease life test showed such grease E with 0.001 c.c. of UDD added has a longer life of 2100 seconds as compared to that of the life of grease E, which is only 1450 seconds under the test pressure of 2934 N
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Chiu, Yen-Chen, e 邱嬿真. "Tribological characteristics of lubricated greases with TiO2 and CuO nano-particle as additives for pneumatic cylinder". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4hn3r9.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
99
This study aims to investigate the friction properties of lubricated greases with TiO2 and CuO nano-particle as additives for pneumatic cylinder. The lubricated greases were synthesized with 0.5wt%, 1.0wt% and 5.0wt% TiO2 and CuO nano-particle. TiO2 and CuO Nano-particles were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In the experiments, Nano- TiO2 and CuO greases were used to lubricate a pneumatic cylinder. A friction force measured system of pneumatic cylinder was employed to measures friction forces between cylinder bore and piston seal. Experimental equipments are designed to assess the effect of seals and lubrications, where the velocity and pressure of the driving cylinder are controlled. Measurements of friction force are shown for velocities of up to 200 mm/s. On the other hand, the linearly reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding wear device was used to measure the anti-wear ability of Nano- TiO2 and CuO greases. Results indicated that Nano- TiO2 and CuO additives can reduce the friction force and steady the reciprocate motion between piston and cylinder bore. This study provides a new method and lubricated properties of Nano- TiO2 and CuO greases to engineers to develop new lubricate greases and create steady motion setting for pneumatic cylinders.
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Tai, Hung-Chang, e 戴宏昌. "The influence of nano-additives and 60Co irradiation on the electrical property of polymer/CB composites". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84483241759379138185.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
化學工程系碩士班
92
Electrical stability and high conductivity are the basic requirements for the polymer composites with positive temperature coefficient (PTC) used in passive components. The electrical stability of materials can be determined from its resistance. Three methods, applying voltage intermittently, applying voltage continuously and voltage resistance test, were used to justify the electrical stability of materials. In this experiment, semi-crystalline polymers, HDPE and PVDF, were used as bulk materials; carbon black was added as conductive particle; and two kinds of nanomaterials, EVA covered with nanofibril and organically modified nanoclay, were used as additives. The polymer composites were prepared by melt-blending and were cross-linked by 60Co irradiation. For the composites that EVA covered with nanofibril was added, the voltage endurance was decreased, the positive temperature coefficient was decreased, furthermore, the NTC (negative temperature coefficient) effect appearing at high temperature became more obvious. For the composites that organically modified nanoclay was added, the positive temperature coefficient was increased, the NTC effect occurring at high temperature was less obvious. The result of voltage endurance test showed that HDPE/CB/nanoclay composite had excellent electrical stability. The resistivity ratio was effectively controlled at 1.00. Moreover, the resistivity ratio was lower than 1.0 after being irradiated with 60Co. Besides, the addition of nanoclay effectively inhibited the burning of PVDF/CB composite when voltage was applied.
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Tong, Shun-Chen, e 童順晨. "The Effect of PVP Polymer Quenchant Parameters and Nano-Particle Additives on Quenching Characteristics for Steels". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/su456f.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
材料科學與綠色能源工程研究所
103
The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of PVP type polymer quenchant parameters including concentration, fluid agitation velocity, temperature, and nano-particle additives on quenching characteristics for several selected steels. By changing the parameters of PVP polymer quenchant and adding montmorillonite nano-particle additives, we reveal the effect of these parameters on the hardness distribution, hardening depth, quenching distortion and microstructures for several selected steels, and also look for the optimum quenchant parameters to reduce the quenching distortion based on hardenable condition. Finally, a comparison was conducted on the quenching characteristics and the improvement condition of quenching distortion between polymer quenchant quenching and conventional oil (temperature at 70 ° C) quenching in order to estimate the feasibility of PVP polymer quenching media to replace conventional mineral oil on quenching application for steels. The experimental results show that quenched hardness of all selected steels in this study is decreased as the polymer concentration of quenchant is increased from 10% to 30% with fixed fluid agitation velocity at room temperature (26°C). Hardness decline of JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61 steels with high hardenability is not large; hardness downward tendency of middle hardenability steel JIS-SCM440 is obvious; and hardness of lower hardenability steel JIS-S45C will be significantly reduced, too. The hardness of all selected steels will increase as fluid agitation velocity of quenchant increases at room temperature (26°C); hardness increment margin is low for high hardenability steels JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61, and hardening depth of middle hardenability steel JIS-SCM440 and lower hardenability steel JIS-S45C can be significantly enhanced as fluid agitation velocity is increased. Hardness of quenched specimen will be reduced as quenchant temperature was raised from room temperature (26° C) to 40°C; the lower is the steel hardenability, the higher will be the effect result. Hardness of quenched specimens for high hardenability steels JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61 will decrease slightly as PVP polymer quenchant was added the additives of montmorillonite nano-particle; it is quite obvious that montmorillonite nano-particle has a barrier effect of heat transfer. When polymer concentration is increased from 10% to 30% and fluid agitation velocity of quenchant is constant at room temperature (26 ° C), the maximum deflections of unit length of high hardenability steels JIS-SNCM439, JIS-SKD61 and middle hardenability steel JIS-SCM440 will reduce; but the effect is not obvious significantly as polymer concentration exceeds about 20%. Maximum deflection of unit length for lower hardenability steel JIS-S45C will decrease as the polymer concentration is increased from 10% to 20%; but cross-section hardness of specimen cannot achieve hardening standards as the concentration is increased to 20%. Proper fluid agitation velocity can reduce quenching distortion of specimen; maximum deflection of unit length for specimen can be reduced to minimum as fluid agitation velocity is at 0.3m/sec for above-mentioned several selected steels. When quenchant temperature was raised from room temperature (26°C) to 40°C, maximum deflection of unit length for specimen will be decreased. Maximum deflection of unit length for high hardenability steels JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61 can be effectively reduced as montmorillonite nano-particle was added to PVP type polymer quenchant. The selected steels were quenched by using optimum polymer quenchant parameter and conventional oil quenchant parameter in this study, quenched steels will obtain approximate hardness. PVP type polymer quenchant is applicable to quenching hardening for JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61, but is not applicable for quenching of JIS-SCM440 and JIS-S45C. In this study, quenchant parameters of reducing quenching distortion for JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61, JIS-SCM440, JIS-S45C is respectively polymer concentration at 20% (and adding 4% montmorillonite nano- particle), 20%, 15% with fluid agitation velocity 0.3m/sec at room temperature (26 ° C).
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Chang, Shu-wen, e 張淑雯. "The Effect of Tiles Manufactured by Clay and Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash with The Additives of Nano-materials". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85832202935339465899.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士義守大學
土木與生態工程學系碩士班
93
The main purpose of this thesis is to discuss the impacts of the amounts of nano-materials and the kiln temperatures on materialization nature and microstructure of the tiles. The designed matching are: the ratios by weight of sewage sludge ash and clay are: 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5; the amounts of nano-materials are: 1%, 2% and 3% of the gross weight of the mixture of sewage sludge ash and clay and the kiln temperatures are 1000℃, 1050℃, 1100℃, 1150℃ and 1200℃. The result of the experiment shows: in Fining shrinkage in length test, when the kiln temperature is between 1000 ℃and 1100 ℃, the adding of nano-materials will increase the shrink rate of the tiles. On the contrary, when the kiln temperature is between 1150 ℃ and 1200 ℃, the adding of nano-materials will lead to the phenomenon of expanding. In Bending strength test, when the kiln temperature is below 1100 ℃, the adding of nano-materials will indeed increase Bending strength by more than 10kgf/cm2; when the kiln temperature is above 1150 ℃, the excessive melting of the materials inspires and causes foam and cavity in tiles, so the Bending strength lowers. In Water absorption test, when the kiln temperature is between 1000 ℃ and 1100 ℃, the adding of nano-materials will reduce the water-absorbing rate of tiles up to 4.5%, however, when the kiln temperature is between 1150 ℃ and 1200 ℃, due to the foaming of the tiles, the water-absorbing rate rises slightly. The result of Weight loss on ignition test are mainly affected by the kiln temperature and the amount of sewage sludge ash, As the amount of sewage sludge ash increases, the burning-losing rate goes down (2% at most); while the kiln temperature rises, the burning-losing rate rises (0.6% at most). In Abrasion resistance test, as the kiln temperature rises and the amount of nano-materials increases, the Abrasion resistance amount of the tiles goes down. Analyzing the microstructure and composition of the tiles by SEM and X-ray, we can learn that nano-materials indeed promote the melting and the crystallization shaping of tile particles effectively.
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Mishra, Rahul. "Synthesis And Characterization Of Metal-Oxide Thin Film With Noble Metal Nano-Particles As Additives For Gas Sensing Application". Thesis, 2004. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1209.
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Jerónimo, Alexandre José Alves. "Uso de nanomateriais na prevenção de fungos em paredes e tetos". Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/76190.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Tese de doutoramento em Engenharia CivilOs revestimentos à base de cal entraram em desuso com o aparecimento do cimento, um ligante mais resistente e mais fácil de aplicar. No entanto, as argamassas de cimento provaram ser rígidas para substituir as argamassas de cal. Na reabilitação, o uso de argamassas à base de cal tem sido mais frequente. Com o aumento deste tipo de obras espera-se aumentar a aplicação deste tipo de revestimentos. Os fungos desenvolvem-se na superfície, no interior de poros e fissuras de paredes e tetos e têm muita influência na degradação da qualidade dos edifícios e do seu ambiente interior, além de problemas de higiene e estéticos, também podem causar problemas de alergias e respiratórios. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo desenvolver argamassas de cal hidráulica incorporando nano e micro aditivos com propriedades antifúngicas. Foi analisado o desenvolvimento de fungos em argamassas aditivadas de nano TiO2 e micro grânulos de cortiça. As características físicas e mecânicas também foram verificadas. Foram isolados fungos do género Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium e Alternaria existentes em diversos edifícios de habitação da zona norte de Portugal. A sua caracterização morfológica e molecular permitiu a sua identificação e caracterização e conhecer as condições ótimas para o seu desenvolvimento. Para os ensaios de crescimento acelerado de fungos em laboratório usou-se o fungo C.halotolerans. Desenvolveram-se diferentes composições de argamassas onde a quantidade de nano TiO2 e micro grânulos de cortiça foi variada. Observaram-se diferenças significativas nas propriedades como trabalhabilidade, resistência à compressão e flexão. Verificou-se um bom desempenho das propriedades antifúngicas de argamassas nano aditivadas com TiO2 e micro grânulos de cortiça. Estes resultados podem ser um ponto de partida para uma transição das atuais proteções antifúngicas para novas proteções antifúngicas usando nano e micro aditivos, permitindo melhorar a qualidade das construções, a saúde dos utilizadores e a qualidade ambiental.
The use of lime-based coatings came into disuse with the appearance of cement, a stronger and easier to apply binder. However, cement mortars have proven to be rigid to replace lime mortars. In rehabilitation, the use of lime-based mortars has been more frequent. With the increase of this type of works it is expected to increase the application of this type of coatings. Fungi develop on the surface, inside pores and cracks of walls and ceilings and play a very important role in the quality degradation of the buildings and their interior environment as well as hygiene and aesthetic issues, can also cause allergy and respiratory problems. The main objective of this work was to develop hydraulic lime mortars incorporating nano additives with antifungal properties. The development of fungi in mortars added with nano TiO2 and micro cork granules was analyzed. Physical and mechanical characteristics were also verified. Fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Alternaria were isolated in several residential buildings in the north of Portugal. The morphological and molecular characterization of the fungi were done with the objective of identifying and characterizing the existing fungi. With these results and knowing the optimal conditions for its development. For the tests of accelerated growth of fungi in laboratory using the fungus C. halotolerans. Different mortar compositions were developed where the amount of nano TiO2 and micro cork granules was varied. Significant differences in properties such as workability, compressive and flexure strengths were observed. The antifungal properties of nano-additive mortars with TiO2 and cork were found to perform well . The results obtained can be a starting point for a transition from the current antifungal protections to new antifungal protections using nano-additives, allowing to improve the quality of the constructions, the health of the users and the environmental quality.
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Thakur, Rookmoney. "The quality of selected food products containing nanosilica additive (E551) in South Africa". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2513.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Philosophy: Quality Management, Durban University of Technology, 2017.The proliferation of nanotechnology, whilst perceived to be positive for human advancement, introduces potential risks when applied to food. Silicon Dioxide (E551), a common food additive made up of particles in the nano-range, is found in spices, salt, sweets and some frozen foods and functions as an anti-caking agent to allow these food products to flow and mix evenly. According to Codex Alimentarius, E551 is generally regarded as safe (GRAS), provided that food manufacturers apply good manufacturing practice (GMP) principles and use the lowest possible amounts necessary. Smaller nanoparticles are more readily taken up by the human body than larger sized particles and could be injurious to human health. While the use of E551 is strictly regulated in some countries, there is growing debate regarding the health and safety implications for consumers and the quality of food. This study examined the quality of selected food products containing E551 (nanosilica) in South Africa (SA). A mixed method paradigm (qualitative and quantitative) and an experimental research strategy were adopted. Respondents were purposefully selected, their participation in this study was voluntary and confidentiality was maintained. Pilot studies were conducted for the semi-structured interviews and the survey, with a sample size of one food expert and three food technologists, respectively. The main study consisted of interviews, a survey and experimental work. The interviews, conducted with five food experts, were recorded and transcribed to ensure credibility. The results were interpreted and analysed against existing literature using thematic content analysis. The findings suggest that it was critical for food manufacturers to demonstrate the safe use of products without posing any safety risks to the consumer and the environment; and for the South African government to address and regulate the application of nanomaterials in food either by legislation or guidelines. The survey was conducted with a sample population of thirty food technologists who reported that public awareness of nanotechnology was limited as many consumers were not familiar with this technology. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data. Content validity ensured that the survey focused on concepts and constructs that emerged from the review of literature on the application of nanotechnology in food products. Cronbach’s alpha index was used to assess the reliability of the surveys and found α = 0.862 and α = 0.809 for food additives awareness and nanosilica safety in food, respectively. Different characterisation methods, such as Fourier Spectra Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), were used to determine the type and form of silica, and its levels in selected food brands available in SA. This was compared against similar products manufactured and packed in the European Union (EU) and Asia. This study benchmarked against the EU standard because of its more stringent guidelines in the field of nanotechnology and regulations. The results indicate that while the comparative EU food sample conformed to the European Food Safety Association (EFSA) permissible level of 1 %, the South African sample levels were higher. Even though the regulatory standards are different in both countries, the potential health effects remain the same. Significantly, the most prominent finding of this study is that the form of silica in some of the South African and Asian products were crystalline in nature, rather than synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), which is indicative of E551. Thus, it stands to reason that the generalised limit set by Codex Alimentarius was inadequate to regulate and control the quantity and type of E551 used as it varied from each of the selected samples. The identification of traces of crystalline silica is of concern since studies in literature showed that exposure to and ingestion of crystalline silica that was not food grade, is likely to induce perilous health effects such as cancer and fibrosis in humans. In light of this finding on the crystalline nature of silica in the studied brands, it is therefore imperative that specific limits and regulations be put in place and enforceable in SA to ensure that products sold are in line with acceptable standards as found in some developed countries like the United States of America (US) and EU. In view of the above, and to ensure proper monitoring and minimal risk exposure, a risk management framework, a ‘Hazard identification, Access the risks, Control the risks’ (HAC) model, was developed and recommended to ensure that the correct form and type, and limits of silica is used and the associated risk controls applied.
M
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Po-WeiChen e 陳柏偉. "Study of the Superconductivity of Bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductors via Infiltration Growth (IG) Method and With Addition of Nano-Scale Additives". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50381498228575003575.
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博士國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
100
This study investigates the superconductivity of single grain bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) superconductors via infiltration growth (IG) method and with the addition of nano-scale second phases of sol-gel derived Y2Ba4CuAgOy (Y2411(Ag)) and then compared with that of the undoped YBCO bulk by traditional top-seeded melt textured growth (TSMG) method. It was found that the Y211 phases in the CeO2 doped IG-YBCO sample were smaller and well-distributed, comparing with those of other samples. Therefore, the enhancement of Jc in the self-field was observed. The result was the same as that in TSMG-YBCO samples. On the other hand, the CeO2 doped IG-YBCO sample showed a superior critical current density Jc(H,T) with a peak effect. Microstructure analysis indicated that higher concentration of Sm was found in the CeO2 doped IG-YBCO sample. The Sm which dissolved from the SmBCO seed diffused into the bulk to form compositional fluctuations of (Y, Sm)BCO and was correlated to the effective pinning in high field regions (or peak effect) to improve the Jc(H, T ) in high fields. However, it was found that the peak effect was strongly spatial dependent. The ICP-MS results showed that the concentration of Sm ranged from 5.8x10-2 to 7.0x10-3wt% within the bulk. Peak effect was only observed in regions where the concentration of Sm was higher than 1.5x10-2 wt%. The spatial distribution of Sm was attributed to the way liquid (BaCuO2 and CuO) flowed during the melting process of the IG technique. In order to suppress the spatial dependence of the composition, nano-sized Sm2O3 particles were added to the precursor powders in this study. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that with the addition of nano-sized Sm2O3, the concentration of Sm could be enhanced to be higher than 1.5x10-2 wt% within the bulk. Therefore, peak effect was obtained throughout the bulk material. In addition, the maximum trapped field value and trapped field profile of the CeO2 doped sample grown by IG were larger than that of samples grown by TSMG using the same diameter of precursor pellets. The sol-gel process was used to fabricated smaller Y2411(Ag) precursors at a relative low reaction temperature than the solid state reaction. It was seen that the enhanced Jc and trapped fields were obtained in bulk YBCO superconductors with the addition of Y2411(Ag) particles. Jc was observed to increase with an increasing Y2411(Ag) content, which was the same as for the trapped fields results. Microstructural observations showed nano-scale of 10-20 nm Y2411(Ag) particles distributed homogeneously throughout the sample. These nano-scale Y2411(Ag) particles resulted in the enhancement of Jc and the trapped fields in YBCO samples doped with sol-gel Y2411(Ag) particles. This demonstrated that the potential of the addition of Y2411(Ag) to the precursor composition for fabricating YBCO bulk superconductors with high performance.
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Hsu, Shen-Yu, e 許勝裕. "Synthesis of nano-scale polymeric core-shell rubber additives by RAFT living free radical emulsion polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rd452n.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
100
Synthesis of s-CSR by RAFT polymerization via spontaneous phase inversion process and RAFT surfactant-free, batch emulsion polymerization as low-profile additives (LPA) and tougheners for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) ,epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) have been investigated . Two types of conventional unsaturated polyester resin with different chemical structures, namely, MA-PG type of UP and, MA-PA-PG type of UP, and vinyl ester resin (VER) ,have also been synthesized so that styrene (St) /UP(or VER) /CSR or EPR/DDM/CSR ternary systems with different miscibility can be designed. In the synthesis of the core-shell rubber,the core was made from butyl acrylate(BA),whereas the shell was made from acrylic acid(AA),and methyl acrylate(MA). Also, the shell of the s-CSR was modified by glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) or methacrylic acid(MAA) as a comonomer to both increase the molecular polarity and provide the specific functionality,such as epoxy group and unsaturated C=C bonds, for the shell of the CSR. By using Debye’s equation and the group contribution method, the dipole moments of UP,VER,EPR and the shell component of the CSR can be calculated, which can then explain the phase characteristics of the St/UP(or VER)/s-CSR,ternary system prior to the reaction at 25℃(St／UP(or VER)／s-CSR),80℃(St/VER(n=2 or n=5)/s-CSR) and 110℃(St／VER／s-CSR).
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Lin, Chien-chen, e 林建辰. "Synthesis of nano-scale colloidal silica from elemental silicon by hydrolysis, and synthesis of nano-scale inorganic silica/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40515457249652869763.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
98
In the synthesis of the Si-PMA, the nano-scale colloidal silica was obtained by the hydrolysis of elemental silicon. Then silica was reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane to produce benzyl chloride functionalized silica(Si-Cl) first, followed by reacting with BSPA to make BSPA-grafted silica particle (Si-BSPA). Later, Si-BSPA can be use as a media in Si-poly(methyl acrylate)(i.e. Si-PMA) via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. During RAFT polymerization, the CTA will become a dormant specimen which made the polymerization slowly, so that the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can be controlled. The Si-PMA has a characteristic of living polymer. The synthesized Si-PMA, namely, inorganic/organic core-shell particle(CSP) employed as low-profile additives (LPA) for low-shrink unsaturated polyester (UP), vinyl ester resins (VER), and epoxy(EP).
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Liu, Gu-Hao, e 劉家豪. "Synthesis of nano-scale colloidal silica from elemental silicon by hydrolysis, and synthesis of nano-scale inorganic silica/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77493157132117376181.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
99
In the synthesis of the Si-PMA, the nano-scale colloidal silica was obtained by the hydrolysis of elemental silicon. Then silica was reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane to produce benzyl chloride functionalized silica(Si-Cl) first, followed by reacting with BSPA to make BSPA-grafted silica particle (Si-BSPA). Later, Si-BSPA can be use as a RAFT agent to make in Si-poly(methyl acrylate)(i.e. Si-PMA) via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. During RAFT polymerization, the CTA chain transfer agent would become a dormant specimen slows down which made the polymerization rate, so that the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can be controlled. The Si-PMA has a characteristic of living polymer. The synthesized Si-PMA, namely, inorganic/organic core-shell particle (CSP) can be employed as low-profile additives (LPA) for low-shrinkunsaturated polyester (UP), vinyl ester resins (VER), and Epoxy (EP).
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Hsu, Yu-Lun, e 許毓倫. "Synthesis of nano-scale and submicron-scale polymeric core-shell rubber additives RAFT living free radical emulsion polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60122643389233776956.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
99
Synthesis of acrylic type of core-shell rubbers (gp-CSR) with varied nano-scale and submicron-scale particle size and shell chemical composition. And synthesis of s-CSR by RAFT polymerization via spontaneous phase inversion process and RAFT surfactant-free, batch emulsion polymerization as low-profile additives (LPA) and tougheners for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) ,epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) have been investigated. Two types of conventional nsaturated polyester resin with different chemical structures, namely, MA-PG type of UP and, MA-PA-PG type of UP, epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) ,have also been synthesized so that styrene (St) /UP(or VER) /CSR or EPR/DDM/CSR ternary systems with different miscibility can be designed. In the synthesis of the core-shell rubber, a semi-batch process was used to synthesize the soft core, which was made from poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) , whereas a batch process was to employed to synthesize the hard shell , which was composed of poly(methyl crylate) (PMA) . Also, the shell of the gp-CSR was modified with a crosslinking agent, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). In addition, the shell of gp-CSR has also been modified by introducing glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) as a comonomer to both decrease the molecular polarity and provide the specific functionality for the shell of the CSR. By using Debye’s equation and the group contribution method, the dipole moments of UP、VER、EPR and the shell component of the CSR can be calculated, which can then explain the phase characteristics of the St/UP(或VER)/gp-CSR(或s-CSR)、EPR/DDM(或DDS)/s-CSR ternary system prior to the reaction at 25℃(St／UP(或VER)／s-CSR)、80℃(EPR/DDM/s-CSR) 、95℃(EPR/DDS/s-CSR) and 110℃(St／VER／gp-CSR).
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Yu, Ya-ting, e 余雅婷. "Synthesis of nano-scale colloidal silica from elemental silicon by hydrolysis, and synthesis of nano-scale inorganicsilica/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74133996909570431842.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
101
In the synthesis of the SiO2-PBA-b-PMA and SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA), the nano-scale colloidal silica (15~60nm) was obtained by the hydrolysis of elemental silicon. Then silica was reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane to produce benzyl chloride functionalized silica(SiO2-Cl) first, followed by reacting with BSPA to make BSPA-grafted silica particle (SiO2-BSPA). Later, SiO2-BSPA can be used as a RAFT agent to make SiO2-PBA-b-PMA (or SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA)) via Reversible Addition -Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. During RAFT polymerization, the CTA chain transfer agent would become a dormant specimen, which may slow down the polymerization rate, and the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can then be controlled. The SiO2-PMA (or SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA)) has a characteristic of living polymer. By characteristic of living polymer, SiO2-PMA (or SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA)) was utilized as a macro-CTA to mediate chain extension polymerization of butyl acrylate(BA) monomers, and diblock copolymer grafted silica (i.e SiO2-PBA-b-PMA or SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA)) was prepared. The synthesized SiO2-P(MA-co-GMA) and SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA), namely, inorganic/ organic core-shell particle (CSP) can be employed as low-profile additives (LPA) for low-shrink unsaturated polyester (UP), vinyl ester resins (VER), and Epoxy (EP) resin. The effect of the CSP on the mechanical properties of the Styrene (St)/VER/CSP ternary system after the cure have also been investigated.
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CHEN, YEN-TING, e 陳彥廷. "Synthesis of nano-scale colloidal silica from elemental silicon by hydrolysis, and synthesis of nano-scale inorganic silica/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qc863x.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
100
In the synthesis of the Si-PMA and Si-PBA-b-PMA, the nano-scale colloidal silica was obtained by the hydrolysis of elemental silicon. Then silica was reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane to produce benzyl chloride functionalized silica(Si-Cl) first, followed by reacting with BSPA to make BSPA-grafted silica particle (Si-BSPA). Later, Si-BSPA can be used as a RAFT agent to make Si-poly(methyl acrylate) (i.e. Si-PMA) and Si-PBA-b-PMA via Reversible Addition -Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. During RAFT polymerization, the CTA chain transfer agent would become a dormant specimen, which may slow down the polymerization rate, and the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can then be controlled. The Si-PMA has a characteristic of living polymer. By characteristic of living polymer, Si-PMA was utilized as a macro-CTA to mediate chain extension polymerization of butyl acrylate(BA) monomers, and diblock copolymer grafted silica (i.e Si-PBA-b-PMA) was prepared. The synthesized Si-PMA and Si-PBA-b-PMA, namely, inorganic/ organic core-shell particle (CSP) can be employed as low-profile additives (LPA) for low-shrink unsaturated polyester (UP), vinyl ester resins (VER), and Epoxy (EP) resin.
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Chen, Yen-Po, e 陳彥博. "Synthesis of Nano-scale and Submicron-scale Reactive Microgel Particle as Low-profile Additives and Tougheners for Vinyl Ester Resins and Unsaturated Polyester Resins by Emulsion Polymerization". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vf45h8.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
107
In this paper, the traditional emulsion polymerization method is combined with the addition of surfactant and co- surfactant to synthesize nano-scale or submicron-scale reactive microgel (RM) particles as low-profile additives (LPA) and toughener for vinyl ester resin (VER) and unsaturated polyester (UP) resin. The bulk and solution polymerization were used to synthesize three kinds of traditional UP resins with different chemical structures, including Maleic anhydride (MA)-Phthalic anhydride (PA)-1, 2-Propanediol (PG) type, MA-PG type, MA-1,6-Hexanediol (HD) type UP resin. Epoxy resin (EPR) and VER with a degree of polymerization (n) of 0.16, 2, 5 were synthesized by the bulk and solution polymerizations as well. The nano-scale RM particles were synthesized by traditional emulsion polymerization, combined with surfactant (Sodium Dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and co- surfactant (1-Pentanol). In the synthesis of RM, using styrene (St) and unsaturated polyester (MA-PA-PG, MA-PG or MA-HD types of UP) as comonomers, sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH(aq)) was also employed to control pH value of the emulsion systems and facilitate simultaneous action of the mechanism of the self-emulsification polymerization. As a result, the aggregation of colloid particles in the emulsion polymerizations would be greatly reduced, and the nano-scale reactive microgel particles (RM) with a particle size less than 100 nm could be synthesized. St/ VER (n=2)/ RM ternary systems with different loading of RM (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt%) were cured isothermally at 120 °C. The dipole moment per unit volume for resin matrixs and RM has been calculated by using Debye equation and group contribution method to explain the static phase characteristics for St/ VER (n=2)/ RM ternary system. The effects of RM concentration, RM particle size, and type of resin matrix on the cured morphology by SEM and TEM, for volumetric shrinkage after the cure, and mechanical properties for the St/ VER (n=2)/ RMs cured systems has aslo been investigated.
30
Chu, Chi-yu, e 朱祁佑. "Synthesis of nano-scale and submicron-scale acrylic type of core-shell rubber additives and unsaturated polyester, and their phase characteristics in styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k62jw6.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
95
Acrylic type of core-shell rubbers (CSR) , with varied nano-scale and submicron-scale particle size and shell chemical composition, as low-profile additives (LPA) and tougheners for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) have been synthesized by two-stage seeded emulsion polymerizations . Three series of nsaturated polyester resins with ten different chemical structures have also been synthesized by polycondensation reactions in the melt state so that Styrene (St)/UP/CSR ternary systems with different miscibility can be designed. In the synthesis of the core-shell rubber , a semi-batch process was used to synthesize the soft core , which was made from poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) , whereas a batch process was to employed to synthesize the hard shell , which was composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) . Also , the shell of the CSR was modified with or without a crosslinking agent , ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) . By using Debye’s equation and the group contribution method, the dipole moments of UP and the shell component of the CSR can be calculated, which can then explain the phase characteristics of the St/UP/CSR ternary system prior to the reaction at 25℃ and 110℃ . Also , the effect of the shell composition of CSR and CSR particle size on the compatibility of the St/UP/CSR ternary system during the cure at 110℃ has been investigated by the cured sample morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The effects of CSR content on the compatibility of different St/UP/CSR ternary systems during the cure have been dealt with as well .
31
yeu-shiun, shieh, e 謝宇軒. "Synthesis of nano-scale inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, viny ester, and epoxy resins". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57494638192637782477.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
97
Abstract Synthesis of inorganic/organic core-shell particle (CSP) as low-profile additives for unsaturated polyester resins by RAFT living free radical polymerizations has been studied in this work. Before the RAFT polymerization, the chain transfer agent with a chemical structure of Z-C(=S)-S-R was synthesized first. The synthesized chain transfer agent was then characterized by using FTIR、1H-NMR and DSC to confirm its structure. The chain transfer agent (CTA), namely, BSPA, was bonded onto the inorganic silica particles. The silica-supported BSPA was then used to mediate RAFT polymerization of methyl acrylate to produce homopolymer grafted silica, known as inorganic/organic core-shell particle (CSP). Moreover, the silica-supported PMA was then used to mediate RAFT polymerization of Butyl Acrylate to produce black copolymer grafted silica. It was found that the introduction of a free CTA in solution during polymerization could significantly improve the control on molecular weight and polydispersity of grafted polymers. Keyword ：reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) ,chain transfer agent, inorganic/organic core-shell particle (CSP), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), low-profile additive (LPA).
32
Andriani, Yosephine, e 黃麗君. "Effects of Nano-Scale and Submicron-Scale Core Shell Rubber Additives and Montmorillonite Clay on the Cure Kinetics and Glass Transition Temperature for Styrene/Unsaturated Polyester/Additive Ternary System". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q2cpf9.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
95
The effects of nano-scale core-shell rubber type of low profile additive and Silane treated montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperature of styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary system have been investigated. The reaction kinetics of styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary system during the cure at 1100C was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectoscopy (FTIR). Adding nano-scale core-shell rubber type of low profile additive and silane treated montmorillonite clay into the system has increased the unsaturated C=C bonds conversion, which was related to the formation of microgel particles during the polymerization. Based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the effect of additive nano-scale core-shell rubber type of low profile additive on the glass transition temperature of ternary cured sample was studied. The glass transition temperature of the ternary cured sample was measured by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Thermal Stimulated Current (TSC).
33
Rao, Rui-Bo, e 饒瑞博. "Synthesis of nano-scale and submicron-scale polymeric core-shell rubber additives by conventional and RAFT living free radical emulsion polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73265497368200357799.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
101
Synthesis of s-CSR by RAFT polymerization viaspontaneous phase inversion process and RAFT surfactant-free, batch emulsion polymerizationas low-profile additives (LPA) and tougheners for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) ,epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) have been investigated . Two types of conventional unsaturated polyester resin with different chemical structures, namely, MA-PG type of UP and, MA-PA-PG type of UP, and vinyl ester resin (VER) ,have also been synthesized so that styrene (St) /UP(or VER) /CSR or EPR/DDM/CSR ternary systems with different miscibility can be designed. In the synthesis of the core-shell rubber,the core was made from butyl acrylate(BA),whereas the shell was made from acrylic acid(AA),and methyl acrylate(MA). Also, the shell of the s-CSR was modified by glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) or methacrylic acid(MAA) as a comonomer to both increase the molecular polarity and provide the specific functionality,such as epoxy group and unsaturated C=C bonds, for the shell of the CSR.
34
DAI, MENG-SHIANG, e 戴夢祥. "Synthesis of nano-scale and submicron-scale polymeric core-shell rubber additives by conventional and RAFT living free radical emulsion polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34192836835901706631.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
98
Synthesis of acrylic type of core-shell rubbers (gp-CSR) with varied nano-scale and submicron-scale particle size and shell chemical composition. And synthesis of s-CSR by RAFT polymerization via spontaneous phase inversion process and RAFT surfactant-free, batch emulsion polymerization as low-profile additives (LPA) and tougheners for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) ,epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) have been investigated . Two types of conventional nsaturated polyester resin with different chemical structures, namely, MA-PG type of UP and, MA-PA-PG type of UP, epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) ,have also been synthesized so that styrene (St) /UP(or VER) /CSR or EPR/DDM/CSR ternary systems with different miscibility can be designed. In the synthesis of the core-shell rubber, a semi-batch process was used to synthesize the soft core, which was made from poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) , whereas a batch process was to employed to synthesize the hard shell , which was composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) . Also, the shell of the gp-CSR was modified with or without a crosslinking agent, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). In addition, the shell of gp-CSR has also been modified by introducing glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) or methacrylic acid(MAA) as a comonomer to both increase the molecular polarity and provide the specific functionality for the shell of the CSR. By using Debye’s equation and the group contribution method, the dipole moments of UP、VER、EPR and the shell component of the CSR can be calculated, which can then explain the phase characteristics of the St/UP(or VER)/gp-CSR(or s-CSR) and the EPR/DDM(or DDS)/s-CSR ternary system prior to the reaction at 25℃(St/UP(or VER)) ,80℃(EPR/DDM(or DDS)/s-CSR), 95℃(EPR/DDM(or DDS)/s-CSR) and 110℃(St/UP(or VER)/gp-CSR) .
35
Juang, Kwun-Da, e 江昆達. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/ vinyl ester /additive ternary systems". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82917562286338992621.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
96
The effects of reactive microgel (RM) and nano-scale and sub-micron scale core shell rubbers (CSR) as low-profile additives (LPA), and silane treated montmorillonite clay (MMT) on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems have been investigated. The reaction kinetics for the ST/UP/additive ternary system during the cure was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Finally, based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP/additive ternary systems has been measured by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
36
HSU, HSUN-MIN, e 許勛閔. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives and montmorillonite clay on the volume shrinkage , pigmentability and cured sample morphology for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3jjw67.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
95
The effects of two additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive, and (2) montmorillonite clay, on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and internal pigmentability for the styrene(St)/ unsaturated polyester(UP) /additive ternary systems after the cure were investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/UP/additive ternary system before the cure, XRD analysis , cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure by using DSC , SAXS , WAXS , SEM , TEM , OM and image analysis. (keywords: core-shell rubber(CSR); montmorillonite (MMT); volume shrinkage;internal pigmentability;unsaturated polyester(UP); curing)
37
HUANG, CHUN-HAN, e 黃俊翰. "Synthesis of nano-scale and submicron-scale acrylic type of core-shell rubber additives by conventional and RAFT living free radical emulsion polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92235201378167177074.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
97
Synthesis of acrylic type of core-shell rubbers (CSR) with varied nano-scale and submicron-scale particle size and shell chemical composition, reactive microgel, CSR by RAFT surfactant-free, batch emulsion polymerization , and CSR by RAFT polymerization via spontaneous phase inversion process as low-profile additives (LPA) and tougheners for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) ,epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) have been investigated . Two types of conventional nsaturated polyester resin with different chemical structures, namely, MA-PG type of UP and, MA-PA-PG type of UP, epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) ,have also been synthesized so that styrene (St) /UP(or VER) /CSR or EPR/DDM/CSR ternary systems with different miscibility can be designed. In the synthesis of the core-shell rubber, a semi-batch process was used to synthesize the soft core, which was made from poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) , whereas a batch process was to employed to synthesize the hard shell , which was composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) . Also, the shell of the CSR was modified with or without a crosslinking agent, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). In addition, the shell of CSR has also been modified by introducing glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) or methacrylic acid(MAA) as a comonomer to both increase the molecular polarity and provide the specific functionality for the shell of the CSR. By using Debye’s equation and the group contribution method, the dipole moments of UP、VER、EPR and the shell component of the CSR can be calculated, which can then explain the phase characteristics of the St/UP(or VER)/CSR and the EPR/DDM/CSR ternary system prior to the reaction at 25℃ and 110℃ . Also , the effect of the shell composition of CSR and CSR particle size on the compatibility of the St/UP(or VER)/CSR and EPR/DDM/CSR ternary system during the cure has been investigated by the cured sample morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The effects of CSR content on the compatibility of different St/UP(or VER)/CSR and EPR/DDM/CSR ternary systems during the cure have been dealt with as well.
38
Jhan, Cheng-Ying, e 詹承穎. "Synthesis of nano-scale and submicron-scale polymeric core-shell rubber and reactive microgel particle as low-profile additives and tougheners for vinyl ester resins and epoxy resins by emulsion polymerizations". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6r3aq5.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
107
Synthesis of nano-scale or submicron-scale general prepose core-shell rubber (gp-CSR) and nano-scale reactive microgel particles (RM) by conventional emulsion polymerization with or without surfactant as low-profile additives (LPA) and tougheners for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) and vinyl ester resin (VER) have been investigated. Two types of UP with different chemical structures, namely, MA-PG and MA-PA-PG, as well as epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) with degree of polymerization (n) = 0.16, 2, and 5, have also been synthesized so that styrene (St) /VER /CSR ternary systems with different miscibility can be designed. For the synthesis of nano-scale gp-CSR, the core was made from PBA, the shell was made from poly(methyl acrylate)(PMA). For submicro-scale gp-CSR, the core was made from PBA, the shell was made from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Futhermore, the shell of the CSR was modified by 5~15 mole percent of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a comonomer to increase the molecular polarity and provide the specific functionality, such as epoxy group, for the shell of the CSR. For the synthesis nano-scale reaction microgel particles,two comonomers,including styrene (St) and unsaturated polyester (UP),were employed. Conventional emulsion polymerizations, which involved the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant and 1-pentanol as a co-surfactant, along with the adjustment of PH value during the polymeriz -ation to facilitate a self-emulsifying copolymerization a simultaneous reaction of St and UP were carried out. As to the UP resine used as the monomer, it was made from maleic anhydride(MA) and 1,6-hexanediol (HD) by polycondensation in bulk at our laboratory. By conducting phase separation experiments and employing Debye’s equation, the dipole moments of UP, VER, EPR, the shell component of the CSR, and RM can be calculated, and the phase characteristics of the St/VER/CSR and St/VER/RM ternary systems have been elucidated. Finally, the volume shrinkage characteristics and mechanical properties of the St/VER (n=2)/CSR ternary system after cure have also been explored.
39
Liu, Chia-hwuan, e 劉嘉樺. "Synthesis of nano-scale and submicron-scale acrylic type of core-shell rubber additives and unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester resin and their phase characteristics in styrene/ vinyl ester resin /additive ternary systems". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30744059045160366965.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
96
Acrylic type of core-shell rubbers (CSR) , with varied nano-scale and submicron-scale particle size and shell chemical composition, as low-profile additives (LPA) and tougheners for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) and vinyl ester resin (VER) have been synthesized by two-stage seeded emulsion polymerizations . Three types of unsaturated polyester resin with different chemical structures, namely, MA-PG type, MA-PA-PG type, and vinyl ester resin (VER) ,have also been synthesized so that styrene (St) /UP /CSR ternary systems with different miscibility can be designed. In the synthesis of the core-shell rubber, a semi-batch process was used to synthesize the soft core, which was made from poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) , whereas a batch process was to employed to synthesize the hard shell , which was composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) . Also, the shell of the CSR was modified with or without a crosslinking agent, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). In addition, the shell of CSR has also been modified by introducing vinyl acetate (VAc) as a comonomer to increase the molecular polarity for the shell of the CSR. By using Debye’s equation and the group contribution method, the dipole moments of UP and the shell component of the CSR can be calculated, which can then explain the phase characteristics of the St/UP/CSR ternary system prior to the reaction at 25℃ and 110℃ . Also , the effect of the shell composition of CSR and CSR particle size on the compatibility of the St/UP/CSR ternary system during the cure at 110℃ has been investigated by the cured sample morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The effects of CSR content on the compatibility of different St/UP/CSR ternary systems during the cure have been dealt with as well.
40
Yang, Yi-hsuan, e 楊逸璇. "Effects of reactive microgel-based low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4c56yy.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
94
The effects of reactive microgel (RM) particle type of low-profile additives (LPA), nano-scale core-shell rubber (CSR) tougheners, and montmorillonite clay (MMT) on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems have been investigated. The scattering intensity of unsaturated polyester (UP) in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law. Hence, the ease at which the UP molecule can diffuse into the gallery spacing of the MMT clay can be evaluated. The reaction kinetics for the ST/UP/additive ternary system during the cure was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Finally, based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP/additive ternary systems has been measured by the method of thermally stimulated currents (TSC) and the method of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
41
Guo, Ting-jhen, e 郭庭蓁. "Effects of reactive microgel-based low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and internal pigmentability for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rhs289.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
94
The effect of three series of additives, including(1) reactive microgel particle, (2) nano- scale core-shell rubber toughener, and (3) montmori- llonite clay, on the morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics, and internal pigmentability for the styrene(ST)/ unsaturated polyester(UP) /additive ternary systems after the cure were investigated. The experi- mental results have been explained by integrated measurements com- bining phase characteristic of the ST/UP/additive ternary system before the cure, cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure.
42
Yaung, Chang-Rui, e 楊昌叡. "Synthesis of nano-scale and submicron-scale polymeric core-shell rubber and reactive microgel particle as low-profile additives and tougheners for unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins by conventional emulsion polymerizations". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vrabgk.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
105
Synthesis of nano-scale or submicron-scale general prepose core-shell rubber (gp-CSR) and nano-scale reactive microgel particles (RM) by conventional emulsion polymerization with or without surfactant as low-profile additives (LPA) and tougheners for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) and vinyl ester resin (VER) have been investigated. Two types of UP with different chemical structures, namely, MA-PG and MA-PA-PG, as well as epoxy resin (EPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) with degree of polymerization (n) = 0.16, 2, and 5, have also been synthesized so that styrene (St) /VER /CSR ternary systems with different miscibility can be designed. For the synthesis of nano-scale gp-CSR, the core was made from PBA, the shell was made from poly(methyl acrylate)(PMA). For submicro-scale gp-CSR, the core was made from PBA, the shell was made from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Futhermore, the shell of the CSR was modified by 5~15 mole percent of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a comonomer to increase the molecular polarity and provide the specific functionality, such as epoxy group, for the shell of the CSR. For the synthesis nano-scale reaction microgel particles,two comonomers,including styrene (St) and unsaturated polyester (UP),were employed. Conventional emulsion polymerizations, which involved the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant and 1-pentanol as a co-surfactant, along with the adjustment of PH value during the polymerization to facilitate a self-emulsifying copolymerization a simultaneous reaction of St and UP were carried out. By varying the molar ratio of styrene to UP C=C bonds (MR), reactive microgels with diameters ranging from 30nm to 100nm have been synthesized. As to the UP resine used as the monomer, it was made from maleic anhydride(MA) and 1,6-hexanediol(HD) by polycondensation in bulk at our laboratory. By conducting phase separation experiments and employing Debye’s equation, the dipole moments of UP, VER, EPR, the shell component of the CSR, and RM can be calculated, and the phase characteristics of the St/VER/CSR and St/VER/RM ternary systems have been elucidated. Finally, the volume shrinkage characteristics and mechanical properties of the St/VER (n=2)/CSR ternary system after cure have also been explored.
43
Liou, Wan-Da, e 廖萬達. "Effects of reactive microgel particle type of low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the volume shrinkage, internal pigmentability, and cured sample morphology forstyrene/unsaturated polyester/additive". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45655348801677122493.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
93
The effect of four series of additives, including(1)poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), (2)polycaprolactone(PCL) low-profile additives, (3)reactive microgel particle, (4) montmorillonite clay, on the microvoid formation, morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics,internal pigmentability and mechanical properties for the styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems after the cure were investigated. The experimental results have been explained by phase characteristic of the styrene/ unsaturated poly- ester /additive ternary system before tht cure, cured sample morph- ology and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure.
44
sian, Lin-wu, e 林武賢. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, and montmorillonite clay on the volume shrinkage, internal pigmentability, mechanical properties and cured sample morphology for styrene/ vinyl ester /additive ternary systems". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59891411287188023940.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
96
The effects of two additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive, and (2) montmorillonite clay, on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and internal pigmentability, mechanical properties of the styrene(St)/Unsaturated Polyester(UP)/additives ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/UP/additive ternary system before the cure, XRD analysis , cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure by using DSC , SAXS , WAXS , SEM , TEM , OM and image analysis. Then the scattering intensity of unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law. For St/UP/ silane-treated MMT ternary systems, I try to calculate the gallery spacing change of MMT clay by intensity of different concentration cured samples.
45
Lin, Yi-Tsung, e 林誼聰. "Effects of reactive microgel particle type of low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92601828848729867556.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
93
The effects of reactive microgel particle type of low-profile additives, the effects of core structure and addition of nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and the effects of addition of montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems. In addition, The effects of the miscibility of styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems on DSC reaction rate profile and the cured sample morphology also were investigated.Finally, base on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each phase region of cured saples has been identified by the method of thermally stimulated currents analyser.
46
Chen, Hsiao-Lan, e 陳曉蘭. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and montmorillonite clay on the cured sample morphology ,volume shrinkage, internal pigmentability, and mechanical properties". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04232091512842434823.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
98
The effects of four additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive,(2) inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, (3) montmorillonite clay and (4)Raft CSR, on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and , mechanical properties of the styrene(St)/ Vinyl ester resin (VER)/ additives ternary systems and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/VER/additive ternary system and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems before the cure, XRD analysis , cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure by using DSC , SAXS , WAXS , SEM , TEM , OM and image analysis. Also the scattering intensity of vinyl ester resin (VER) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of VER and the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law. ( keywords: core-shell rubber(CSR); montmorillonite (MMT); volume shrinkage;internal pigmentability;unsaturated polyester(UP); vinyl ester resin (VER)；curing；mechanical properties；radius of gyration)
47
Chang, Han-Wen, e 張瀚文. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and montmorillonite clay on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage, internal pigmentability ,and mechanical properties". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29214729275413454738.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
97
The effects of two additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive,(2) inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and (3) montmorillonite clay, on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and internal pigmentability, mechanical properties of the styrene(St)/ Vinyl ester resin (VER)/ additives ternary systems and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/VER/additive ternary system and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems before the cure, XRD analysis , cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure by using DSC , SAXS , WAXS , SEM , TEM , OM and image analysis. Also the scattering intensity of vinyl ester resin (VER) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of VER and the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law.
48
Oktavia, Hyurin, e 林優恩. "Effects of Nano-scale and Submicron-scale Core-shell Rubber Additives, Inorganic Silica/Organic Polymer Core-shell Particle, and Montmorillonite Clay on the Cure Kinetics, Glass Transition Temperatures, Volume Shrinkage, and Internal Pigmentability for Un". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56957295543964945444.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
98
The effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core shell rubbers (CSR), inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle (CSP), silane-treated montmorillonite clay (MPSi-MMT) and alkyl-ammonium treated montmorillonite clay (AMMT) as low-profile additives (LPA) on the cure kinetics, glass transition temperatures and volume shrinkage for styrene (ST)/unsaturated polyester (or vinyl ester)/additive ternary systems and epoxy/curing agent/additive ternary systems have been investigated. The reaction kinetics during the cure was measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). Based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP (or VER)/additive ternary systems and epoxy/curing agent/additive ternary systems was measured by the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The volume shrinkage of the cured sample was also measured using the density method. (Keyword: core-shell rubber (CSR) ; low-profile additive (LPA) ; montmorillonite (MMT) ; unsaturated polyester (UP) ; vinyl ester resin (VER) ; epoxy resin；curing kinetics ; glass transition temperature ; volume shrinkage)
49
Chiu, Shu-wei, e 邱淑微. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics, glass transition temperatures, volume shrinkage, mechanical properties and cure". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16096561528870591250.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
99
The effects of four additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive,(2) inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, (3) organic montmorillonite clay, on the cure kinetics, glass transition temperatures, cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and mechanical properties of the Styrene(St)/ Unsaturated polyester (or Vinyl ester resin)/ additives ternary systems and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/VER/additive ternary system and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems before the cure, final cure conversion, glass transition temperature, SAXS and WAXS analysis, cured sample morphology and Mechanical properties. Also the scattering intensity of vinyl ester resin (VER) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of VER and the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law.
50
HSU, Ting-Yu, e 許廷宇. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and ep". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98969309854803471161.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
97
Abstract The effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core shell rubbers (CSR) as low-profile additives (LPA), and inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle,and silane treated montmorillonite clay (MMT) on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester (or vinyl ester) /additive ternary systems and epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems have been investigated. The reaction kinetics for the ST/UP (or VER)/additive ternary system and epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems during the cure was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Finally, based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP (or VER)/additive ternary systems and epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems has been measured by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).