Artigos de revistas: "Natron"

1

Marsha-Ann Watson. "Natron Energy." C&EN Global Enterprise 98, no. 44 (November 16, 2020): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09844-cover8.

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Shemishere, U. B., H. Aliyu, A. D. Anyebe, O. Erhovwosere, F. Aghayere, Jaboro G, and J. E. Taiwo. "Analyses of the Elemental Content of three Brands of Natron in Four Local Government Areas in Kebbi State." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. II (2024): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.90224.

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Natron is the second most consumed salt in Nigeria. It is used as a food additive to cook beans, maize, and other palatable foods. Several studies have investigated the elemental content in this salt in Nigeria. However, there is paucity of information on the elemental content of this widely consumed salt in Kebbi State. Thus, this study is focused on the analyses of elemental content in Natron in sold in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kebbi State. Three brands of Natron were collected from markets in Birnin Kebbi, Jega, Kalgo and Bunza local governments. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to analyse the elemental content. Furthermore, the elemental content values were collated for the samples of the different brands of Natron. The sodium content of the Kanwa Jarirai brand in Jega had the lowest sodium content of while the Balma brand in Bunza had the highest sodium content of . All three Natron brands investigated in the four LGAs exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit for potassium, iron and, manganese levels. All the brands of Natron did not satisfy the adult daily calcium intake except for the Kanwa Jarirai from Jega with . Moreso, all the three brands in the selected four LGAs satisfied the sodium permissible WHO limits. The iron, manganese, and potassium WHO permissible limits were not met. In addition, the Natron from the four LGAs did not satisfy the adult daily intake of calcium except the Kanwa Jarirai from Jega. Consumers will need to be cautious of the usage of the analysed Natrons as they contained high levels of sodium which might not be beneficial to cardiovascular health.

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Pauls, T. "Natron Trade, 2000 B.C." Science 280, no. 5362 (April 17, 1998): 359e—359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5362.359e.

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4

Manega, Paul, and Sophie Bieda. "Modern sediments of Lake Natron, Tanzania. Sédimentation récente du lac Natron, Tanzanie." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 40, no. 1 (1987): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1987.1752.

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5

A, Ahmad, Wali U, Yinka JO, Kasimu GI, and Muhammad SK. "Modulatory Effects of Natron on Biochemical Indices and Cardiac Muscle Gene Expression in Postpartum Albino Rats." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry 14, no. 5 (August 5, 2024): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i5307.

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Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a major public health problem that causes significant morbidity, mortality and huge economic burden among peripartum women. The proposal that natron consumption during postpartum period is involved in the development of peripartum cardiomyopathy requires further scientific elucidation. The current research investigated the effects of natron administration on antioxidant status of cardiac muscles, serum cardiac troponins among postpartum albino rats. Postpartum rats were group into 4, each containing 5 rats. Colorimetric, sandwich microplate immunoenzymometric assay was used for troponins estimation. Real Time PCR was used for the gene expression studies. Antioxidants status was measured using enzymatic methods. Natron administration reduces oxidative stress at lower dose, while it induces oxidative stress at higher concentration. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in MDA concentration in groups 3 and 4 and a decrease in group 2 compared with controls. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in GPX and SOD activity in groups 3 and 4 and an increase in group 2 compared with controls. There was significant increase (P<0.05) in CAT activity in all groups administered natron compared with controls. There was significant decrease(p˂0.05) in troponin I, C and T in groups administered natron compared with controls. Also natron administration up regulates cardiac troponins genes and STAT3 genes. The current study revealed that though natron played a protective role at a low concentration, it may cause oxidative stress in the cardiac muscles at higher doses. Thus, oxidative stress in cardiac muscles and modulation of cardiac muscle genes is likely the mechanism by which high natron intake causes Peripartum cardiomyopathy. Further research is recommended in humans to determine the safety of natron in postpartum period.

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6

Mturi, Amini A. "The archeological sites of Lake Natron (Tanzania). Sites archéologiques du lac Natron (Tanzanie)." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 40, no. 1 (1987): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1987.1761.

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7

Siu, Ieong, Jianfeng Cui, Julian Henderson, Alison Crowther, Nicole Boivin, Elisavet Fergadiotou, Andrew Blair, Abdallah K. Ali, and Simon Chenery. "Early Islamic glass (7th– 10th centuries AD) in Unguja Ukuu, Zanzibar: A microcosm of a globalised industry in the early ‘Abbasid period." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 7, 2023): e0284867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284867.

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Eighty-two glass vessels, recovered from the excavations at the ancient Swahili settlement and port of Unguja Ukuu in Zanzibar, Eastern Africa, were analysed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The results show that all of the glass samples are soda-lime-silica glass. Fifteen glass vessels belong to the natron glass type and are characterised by low MgO and K2O (<1.50%), suggesting they were made from natron, a mineral flux that was widely used during the Roman period and Late Antiquity. Sixty-seven glass vessels belong to the plant ash glass type, characterised by high magnesia and potash levels (>1.50%), suggesting plant ash was the main alkali flux. Based on the major, minor and trace elements, three different compositional groups were identified for the natron glass and three were identified for the plant ash glass: (1) UU Natron Type 1, (2) UU Natron Type 2, (3) UU Natron Type 3, (4) UU Plant ash Type 1, (5) UU Plant ash Type 2 and (6) UU Plan ash Type 3. Comparison with contemporary Middle Eastern glass groups shows that UU Natron Types 1, 2 and 3 correspond to Egypt II high Na2O, Levantine I and Levantine II respectively, while UU Plant ash Type 1 matches closely with Samarra Group 2. UU Plant ash Types 2 and 3 have unique chemical fingerprints that do not match any of the contemporary plant ash glass groups, but their chemical compositions show some affinity with the old Sassanian plant ash glass, suggesting a possible Mesopotamian provenance. Combined with existing research on early Islamic glass, the authors reveal a complex trading network in the globalisation of Islamic glass, particularly involving glass corresponding to modern Iraq and Syria, in the 7th– 9th centuries AD.

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8

Gitton-Ripoll, Valérie. "Pourquoi il ne faut pas traduire nitrum par « nitre » : emplois thérapeutiques de ce minéral dans la médecine humaine et vétérinaire des romains (Pline, N.H. 31, 106-117, Scribonius largus, Pelagonius)." Bulletin de la Société Française d'Histoire de la Médecine et des Sciences Vétérinaires 9, no. 1 (2009): 5–16. https://doi.org/10.3406/bhsv.2009.985.

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Le mot nitrum dans les textes médicaux latins ne doit pas être traduit par « nitre ». Il ne s’agit pas en effet de salpêtre, mais de natron, un carbonate naturel de sodium hydraté, qui se présentait sous forme impure dans les nitrières exploitées dans l’Antiquité. Le natron a des propriétés physicochimiques très proches du carbonate et du bicarbonate de soude actuels ; ses emplois thérapeutiques dans l’Antiquité se prolongent dans les usages domestiques actuels du bicarbonate de soude. En médecine vétérinaire romaine, les usages du natron étaient calqués sur ceux de la médecine humaine.

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9

Borchers, Moritz. "AML: Rezidivprophylaxe mit Natron nach HSZT." InFo Hämatologie + Onkologie 23, no. 12 (December 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15004-020-8340-9.

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10

Fordos, M. J., and A. Gélis. "Einwirkung von Goldchlorid auf unterschwefligsaures Natron." Journal für Praktische Chemie 35, no. 1 (November 8, 2004): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18450350149.

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11

Marsha-Ann Watson. "Natron picks Lonza for Prussian blue." C&EN Global Enterprise 99, no. 14 (April 19, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09914-buscon1.

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12

Matt Blois. "Natron opens sodium-ion battery plant." C&EN Global Enterprise 102, no. 14 (May 6, 2024): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10214-buscon11.

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13

Celestina Adebimpe Ojo, Makanju Dehinde Awogbenja, Eunice Adigizi, and Tomiwa Johnson Oyedokun. "Histological and proximate analysis of ash produced from sesame, palm fruit and Parkia on albino rats." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 026–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2021.2.2.0077.

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The customary puerperal usage of Natron consumption has been identified as one of the risk factors in the cause of high blood pressure in human as well as kidney diseases and abortion in early pregnancies in female. This study was done to determine the effect of Natron and other Natron alternatives on the histology of kidney and liver in male Wistar Albino rats Twenty-five Wistar albino rats of the same sexes (male) weighing 100- 140 kg body weights were used and were divided into five groups. Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were fed with feed mixed with natron powder, feed mixed with wood ash, feed mixed with sesame ash, feed mixed with palm fruit bunch ash respectively, while group 6 served as a normal control (fed with plain feed). The animals were kept in plastic cages, allowed to acclimatize for two weeks before the commencement of the experiment. They were fed with pelletized growers’ feed (Vital feed) and were allowed access to water. The rats were fed with 25kg of feeds for 12 days to allow them stabilized and recover from stress. Then the rats were fed with the pelletized feed for four weeks to all the groups. The animals were anaesthetized with chloroform vapour after 4 weeks and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture into labeled tubes for electrolyte analyses. The labeled centrifuge tubes were allowed to stand for 30 minutes to clot and centrifuged at 4000 g for 10mm and the serum obtained was pipette into labeled tubes. The organs were subjected to histology. The liver tissues were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at 5μm and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Proximate analysis showed that natron, palm bunch ash, sesame stem ash, and parkia wood ash had crude protein values of 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, and 0.09% respectively. Fat and fiber were not present in both Natron and its alternatives. The appreciable amount of ash content in the food additives indicated good mineral preservation capacity. Parkia wood ash may contain toxic chemical substances that may affect the kidney and liver.

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14

Matt Blois. "Natron plans first US sodium-ion gigafactory." C&EN Global Enterprise 102, no. 26 (August 26, 2024): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10226-buscon3.

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15

Fritz, Bertrand, Marie-Paul Zins-Pawlas, and Moncef Gueddari. "Geochemistry of silica-rich brines from Lake Natron (Tanzania). Géochimie des saumures riches en silice du lac Natron (Tanzanie)." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 40, no. 1 (1987): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1987.1753.

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16

Hillaire-Marcel, Claude. "Hydrologie isotopique des lacs Magadi (Kenya) et Natron (Tanzanie). Isotopic hydrology of the lakes Magadi (Kenya ) and Natron (Tanzania )." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 40, no. 1 (1987): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1987.1754.

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17

Saguí, Lucia. "GLASS IN LATE ANTIQUITY: THE CONTINUITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND SOURCES OF SUPPLY." Late Antique Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2008): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000089.

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Scientific research and a series of important archaeological discoveries in recent years have opened up new perspectives on the study of ancient glass. Glass production seems to have been organised on a hierarchical basis. The primary workshops, mainly concentrated on the Syro-Palestinian coast, prepared the raw material by fusing sand from the river Belus with natron from Egypt. The product was then sent in blocks to all secondary workshops, the organisation of which was less elaborate. Here work was limited to re-fusing material that had already been worked. The widespread commercial movement of raw glass from East to West seems to have only come to a halt in the 9th c., when the export of natron from Egypt stopped. Consequently, a different flux was used, which was incompatible with the oriental sand. The adoption of local raw materials in the place of natron meant that the management of the entire production cycle became gradually autonomous, at different speeds and in different ways, during the course of the Middle Ages.

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18

Tamura, Tomomi, and Katsuhiko Oga. "Archaeometrical investigation of natron glass excavated in Japan." Microchemical Journal 126 (May 2016): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2015.11.029.

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19

Torre, Ignacio de la, Rafael Mora, and Jorge Martínez-Moreno. "The early Acheulean in Peninj (Lake Natron, Tanzania)." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 27, no. 2 (June 2008): 244–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2007.12.001.

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20

Ernest C. Orji, Ozioma S. Gabriel, Jane-frances k. Ogbonna, Stella O. Bruce, and Jude N. Okoyeh. "Evaluation of hematological, electrolyte and lipid profiles of potash samples obtained from Anambra State, Nigeria: A comparative sub-acute study on the effects of low-dose trona and natron on Wistar rats." Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy 13, no. 2 (November 30, 2024): 027–34. https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2024.13.2.0068.

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Trona and natron are natural-occurring salts geologically referred to as evaporites and commonly known as potash. Both types of potash are most common among Nigerian users, especially as food softeners/additives and medicinal remedies. The sub-acute toxicological effects of the two primary varieties consumed in Anambra State, Nigeria, on hematological, electrolyte, kidney function, and lipid profiles at low doses remain unexplored. A 28-day sub-acute study used 120-140 g Wistar rats. Three groups of six (n=6) rats were assembled. Group A (control) received feed and water, group B received 500 mg/kg of reddish potash (natron) while group C received 500 mg/kg of greyish potash (trona). Standard methods were used in analyzing parameters. Data was analyzed with SPSS, version 27. Results were shown as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare mean values. Hematological results in groups A and B reveal a significant (p<0.05) decrease in red blood cells and platelets and an increase in white blood cells (p<0.05) compared to the control. The electrolytes results recorded significant increase(p<0.05) in Na+ in group B while group C recorded a significant increase in K+ and CL- when compared to the control. Group B had a significantly higher creatinine and urea than group C and the control. The study revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein in group B, but not in triglycerides or low density lipoprotein. The study concludes that on chronic consumption, low dosages (10 % of LD50) of natron or trona can alter hematological parameters, electrolyte balance, renal function (particularly in natron), and lipid profile.

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21

Suner, Fikret, Ö. Işik Ece, Fazlı Çoban, and Fahri Esenli. "Occurrence and properties of natron in the Miocene lacustrine Beypazari basin, Turkey." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte 2003, no. 1 (January 16, 2003): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0031.

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Šmit, Žiga, and Tina Milavec. "Analysis of Late Antique and Medieval Glass from Koper (Capodistria, SI): Insights into Glass Consumption and Production at the Turn of the First Millennium CE." Materials 18, no. 9 (May 6, 2025): 2135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18092135.

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A series (n = 22) of glasses from the site Kapucinski vrt (garden of the Capuchin monastery, 5th–17th c. CE) in Koper (Capodistria), a port town in the northern Adriatic, was measured using a combined PIXE and PIGE method. Koper has been continuously populated since the late Roman period, with a rich medieval history, thus offering an opportunity to study Early Medieval glass. Stemmed goblet fragments, in the original publication dated between the 6th–9th centuries CE, and several other vessel types (beakers and flasks or bottles and lamps) were selected for analysis. The measurements were expected to show the trends in glass production and consumption from Late Antiquity until the Middle Ages, notably the transition between natron to plant ash glass and the supply of fresh glass. Among the set of 22 glass vessel fragments, both natron and plant ash glass were identified. For finer classification, we relied on a newly developed method of Euclidean distances with respect to major concentrations. Natron glass of the types Foy 2.1 (9 examples), Magby (2 examples), and Levantine I (Apollonia; 2 examples) was found. Two glasses remain undetermined but testify to an Egyptian origin. Most natron glasses show signs of recycling. Among the three unrecycled glasses (about 20% of the whole set), there are two examples of Levantine glass and a Magby glass lamp; this may indicate a modest supply of fresh glass during the period. Plant ash glass may be attributed to the Early or High Middle Ages, exploiting the purified alkalis of the Levantine coasts (known as alume catino in later Venetian glassmaking), and the admixture of impurities in the siliceous sands suggests the circulation and consumption of glass that was produced and traded in the eastern Mediterranean since the 10th century CE.

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Omary, Rajabu. "The Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on the Physicochemical Water Quality of Pinyinyi River, Arusha-Tanzania." Journal of Water Resources, Engineering, Management and Policy 1, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56542/wi.jwempo.v1.i1.a1.2024.

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Anthropogenic activities are responsible for degrading rivers and decreasing their capacity to offer ecosystem services. This paper report the findings of a study carried out to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities in Pinyinyi River water quality using physicochemical parameters. BOD, COD, phosphate, pH, EC, TDS, turbidity, DO and nitrate were analysed. Anthropogenic activities around Lake Natron Ramsar Site also documented. pH, EC, TDS, turbidity and DO measured in-situ using HANNA HI 9829. Phosphate and nitrate analysed using HACH DR/2700. BOD and COD analysed using BOD incubator and COD digester respectively. Structured questionnaires used to collect data about anthropogenic activities taking place around Lake Natron Ramsar Site. DO, BOD, COD and turbidity were above the permissible limit. Phosphate, pH, EC, TDS and nitrate were within permissible limit. Irrigation, livestock keeping, fishing, bathing, washing, deforestation, water diversion, sand mining, making bricks along the river, tourist guidance, soda ash harvesting and selling soda ash are the anthropogenic activities taking place around Lake Natron Ramsar Site. River water was found to be unsafe for drinking purposes and was found to be safe for irrigation purposes. The study recommends sustainable anthropogenic activities along Pinyinyi River and mitigation measure to restore the lost ecosystem services.

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Geraads, Denis. "La faune des dépôts pléistocènes de l'Ouest du lac Natron (Tanzanie) ; interprétation biostratigraphique. The Pleistocene fauna from West Natron (Tanzania) ; biostratigraphic interpretation." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 40, no. 1 (1987): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1987.1758.

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Thouveny, N., and M. Taieb. "Preliminary magnetostratigraphic record of Pleistocene deposits, Lake Natron Basin, Tanzania." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 25, no. 1 (1986): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.025.01.27.

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Dotsika, E., D. Poutoukis, I. Tzavidopoulos, Y. Maniatis, D. Ignatiadou, and B. Raco. "A natron source at Pikrolimni Lake in Greece? Geochemical evidence." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 103, no. 2-3 (November 2009): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.08.003.

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Edwards, Howell G. M., Katherine J. Currie, Hassan R. H. Ali, Susana E. Jorge Villar, A. Rosalie David, and John Denton. "Raman spectroscopy of natron: shedding light on ancient Egyptian mummification." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 388, no. 3 (April 3, 2007): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1249-4.

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EBINGER, C., Y. POUDJOM DJOMANI, E. MBEDE, A. FOSTER, and J. B. DAWSON. "Rifting Archaean lithosphere: the Eyasi-Manyara-Natron rifts, East Africa." Journal of the Geological Society 154, no. 6 (November 1997): 947–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.154.6.0947.

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Hilcken, Jonas, Kaja Boxheimer, Jens Schneider, Johann-Dietrich Wörner, and Johannes Franz. "Untersuchung der zyklischen Ermüdung von thermisch vorgespanntem Kalk-Natron-Silikatglas." Stahlbau 83, S1 (April 2014): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stab.201490064.

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Finkenberger, Johannes, Anika Deinhardt, Johanna Kron, Martin Kilo, Thomas Ballweg, and Jürgen Meinhardt. "Elektrochemisches Verhalten von Elektrodenmaterialien in Schmelzen von Kalk-Natron-Silicatgläsern." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 88, no. 4 (September 17, 2015): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201500018.

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Plasman, Matthieu, Sophie Hautot, Pascal Tarits, Stéphanie Gautier, Christel Tiberi, Bernard Le Gall, Khalfan Mtelela, and Remigius Gama. "Lithospheric Structure of a Transitional Magmatic to Amagmatic Continental Rift System—Insights from Magnetotelluric and Local Tomography Studies in the North Tanzanian Divergence, East African Rift." Geosciences 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110462.

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Continental break-up is controlled by several parameters and processes (rheology, inherited structures, magmatism, etc). Their impact, chronology and interactions are still poorly known and debated, particularly when rifting interacts with cratons. In order to better understand the rifting initiation in a cratonic lithosphere, we analysed 22 magnetotelluric (MT) soundings collected along two East-West profiles in two different rift segments of the North Tanzanian Divergence. The North Tanzanian Divergence, where the East African Rift is at its earliest stage, is a remarkable example of the transition between magmatic to amagmatic rifting with two clearly identified segments. Only separated by a hundred kilometers, these segments, Natron (North) and Manyara (South), display contrasted morphological (wide versus narrow), volcanic (many versus a few edifices) and seismic (shallow versus deep activity) signatures. Magnetotelluric profiles across the two segments were inverted with a three-dimensional approach and supplied the resistive structure of the upper lithosphere (down to about 70 km). The Natron segment has a rather conductive lithosphere containing several resistive features (Proterozoic Belt), whereas the Manyara segment displays highly resistive blocks probably of cratonic nature encompassing a conductive structure under the axial valley. The joint interpretation of these models with recent local and regional seismological studies highlights totally different structures and processes involved in the two segments of the North Tanzanian Divergence. We identified contrasted CO2 content, magma upwelling or trapping, in depth regarding the Manyara or the Natron branch and the influence of inherited cratonic structures in the rifting dynamics.

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Di Febo, Roberta, Lluís Casas, Alberta Silvestri, Ángel Adolfo del Campo, Oriol Vallcorba, Ignasi Queralt, Judith Oró, et al. "Through the Looking Glass: Technological Characterization of Roman Glasses Mimicking Precious Stones from the Gorga Collection (Museo Nazionale Romano—Palazzo Altemps)." Minerals 13, no. 11 (November 8, 2023): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13111421.

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This paper provides a detailed technological characterization of the Roman opus sectile glasses (second century AD) coming from the renowned Gorga collection. Nine glass samples corresponding to imitations of the porfido verde antico, cipollino rosso, rosso antico, giallo antico, diaspro nero e giallo, semesanto and agate/alabaster stones were studied. The aim of this study was twofold: (i) archaeometric, i.e., to provide valuable data on the production, raw materials and techniques of these refined Roman glasses that mimic precious stones and (ii) methodological, i.e., to highlight the good performance of combining polished thin sections and local probe measurements for the study of glassy microstructures. Based on the nature of the flux used, the glasses from the samples were classified as either natron-type or mixed-type (natron/plant ash). The latter stem from remelted glasses and contain relict grains of wollastonite that were not found in the pure natron samples. Relict wollastonite crystals appear to be a proficient petrographic marker to spot recycled glasses along with the commonly used chemical fingerprints. Different production and colouring techniques were identified, even for a given type of imitated stone. Metallic Cu, Ca antimonates and Pb-Fe antimonates were the three opacifiers used for the opaque glasses. Based on the crystal morphologies, metallic Cu and Ca antimoniates were possibly synthesized in situ simultaneously with the glass, whilst the Pb-Fe antimonates were prepared ex situ. The working temperatures for these glasses were estimated within the 900–1100 °C range based on the presence and known thermal stability of some identified crystal phases.

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Icole, Michel, Maurice Taieb, Guy Périnet, Paul Manega, and Christian Robert. "Minéralogie des sédiments du groupe Peninj (lac Natron, Tanzanie). Reconstitution des paléoenvironnements lacustres. Mineralogical records of the Peninj Group (Lake Natron, Tanzania). Lacustrine paleoenvironment implications." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 40, no. 1 (1987): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1987.1751.

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Casanova, Joel. "Stromatolites et hauts niveaux lacustres pléistocènes du bassin Natron-Magadi (Tanzanie-Kenya). Pleistocene stromatolites and high lake levels of the Natron-Magadi basin (Tanzania-Kenya)." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 40, no. 1 (1987): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1987.1756.

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35

Denys, Christiane. "Micromammals from the West Natron Pleistocene deposits (Tanzania). Biostratigraphy and paleoecology. Les micromammifères des dépôts pléistocènes de l'Ouest du lac Natron (Tanzanie). Biostratigraphie et paléoécologie." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 40, no. 1 (1987): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1987.1759.

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Busatlic, Ilhan, Sefkija Botonjic, Azra Halilovic, Nadira Busatlic, and Amna Karic. "Positive examples of wastewater treatment effectiveness in ‘Natron-Hayat’ Maglaj factory." Reciklaza i odrzivi razvoj 10, no. 1 (2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ror1701023b.

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Aly, Mohamed. "ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PHYTOPLANKTON IN CLOSED LAKES OF WADI-EL-NATRON." Egyptian Journal of Phycology 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2000): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2000.113255.

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Arrott, A. R. "Ueber eine Classe von Doppelsalzen, welche Natron, Magnesia und Schwefelsäure enthalten." Journal für Praktische Chemie 33, no. 1 (November 8, 2004): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18440330149.

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Vincens, Annie, and Joel Casanova. "Modern background of Natron-Magadi basin (Tanzania-Kenya) : physiography, climate, hydrology and vegetation. Contexte actuel du bassin Natron-Magadi (Tanzanie-Kenya) : physiographie, climat, hydrologie et végétation." Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 40, no. 1 (1987): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1987.1747.

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Joó, Katalin. "Kunhalomkutatások (a Csípő-halom vegetációja)." TÁJÖKOLÓGIAI LAPOK 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2003): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.4617.

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Besides investigations on soils, current flora and vegetation were also examined on a mound called Csípő-halom (Hortobágy, East Hungary). According to data registered so far, we have recorded 71 sprouting plant species. A significant part of the species are weeds or tolerate disturbance well, however, several plants are present in great numbers on natural grasslands too. Moreover, new floristical data could also be recorded. Among dominant species, previously published data on taxae Festuca rupicola Heuff., Festuca valesiaca Schleich. and Agropyron pectiniforme R. et Sch. for the area of Hortobágy was only from one habitat. Festuca javorkae Majovsk¥ and Erodium ciconium (Jusl.) L’Hérit are new data registered in the area of Hortobágy. In spite of the small extension of this mound, a rather variable vegetation could develop. Agropyron-Kochietum prostratae Zólyomi 1958 can be found near the top. On most parts of the mound, a significantly changed type of natron steppe vegetations is general, with Poa angustifolia L. as its dominant species. Also a subassociation – with Festuca valesiaca Schleich. – of the natron steppe occurs wedged into the grasslands mentioned before. In the lower zones of the slope a continuous stand of natron steppe (Salvio-Festucetum rupicolae /Zólyomi 1958/ Soó 1964) can also be found in which also Festuca javorkae Majovský is present besides the dominant Festuca rupicola Heuff. On the Northeastern side of the hill smaller spots of saliferous pastures (Artemisio-Festucetum pseudovinae /Rapaics 1916/ Soó 1963) occur, which are general in the neighbourhoods of the mound. Based on the dominant species and the physiognomical differences of the vegetation, the certain vegetation zones are situated as belts. Although considering the constituting species of the vegetation types, mixture of species is more significant e. g. Festuca pseudovina Hack. ex Wiesb. – dominant species in saliferous pastures – can be also found in the pioneer silty zone close to the top.

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Браше, Жюльен, та Юдит Шиле. "Политэкономия натрона в регионе Борку (Республика Чад)". Антропологии/Anthropologies, № 1 (12 листопада 2021): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2782-3423/2021-1/62-77.

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Экспорт натрона с главной кустарной выработки в регионе Борку облагается налогом совместно вождем племенного клана и правительственным чиновником. История формирования этого не-устойчивого соглашения показывает, что “вожди” и “государство” нуждаются друг в друге для утверждения своего рода суверенитета над этим регионом. Частный случай налогообложения натрона является показательным для понимания государственного устройства Республики Чад в целом, с его дублированием официальных административных структур традиционными и системой взаимодействия локального и национального уровней политической власти. Статья основана на результатах восьмимесячного полевого исследования обоих авторов на севере Чада в 2012 г., а также на работе в местных и национальных архивах. Natron is mined by hand in open-air mines throughout the Chadian Sahara. In the main mine in Borkou, it is taxed by a local “traditional chief” as well as by a government representative. The way this fiscal arrangement came about historically shows how “traditional chiefs” and “the state” need each other in order to claim a particular and particularly restricted kind of sovereignty in the region. This is true of the Chadian state more generally, marked by a doubling up of “official” and “traditional” administrative hierarchies, and a close but rarely simple articulation of the local and the national level.

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Abdallah, Edista A., Charles H. Kasanzu, Crispin P. Kinabo, Akira Imai, and Mike J. Butler. "Constraining the Origin and Age of the Thermal and Cold Water in the Lake Natron Basin, Northern Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 48, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 804–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.8.

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Springs on the eastern and western shores of Lake Natron Basin (LNB), located within the eastern branch of the East Africa Rift System (EARS) in Northern Tanzania had a discharge temperature that ranged between 34.0 °C and 51.2 °C, while the pH varied from 8.0 to 10.7. The electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 5,007 µS/cm and 49,200 µS/cm. Cold waters had a temperature of 31.9 °C to 32.5 °C, while the pH ranged between 8.0 and 8.3, and the EC ranged between 1,401 µS/cm and 3,806 µS/cm. The stable isotope composition varied between -2.4 ‰ and -5.3 ‰ for δ18O, and -15.5 ‰ to -29.3 ‰ for δ2H. The isotopic composition of thermal and cold water of LNB indicates a significant contribution of meteoric water in the recharge of the hydrothermal system. However, thermal water is affected by evaporation, water-rock interaction, carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange and condensation processes. Tritium analysis indicated that the spring water in the LNB hydrothermal system has a residence time of more than 50 years. Keywords: thermal water; Lake Natron Basin; stable isotopes; springs.

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Brachet, Julien, and Judith Scheele. "Fiscalit� marginale sur mesure. L��conomie politique du natron au Borkou, Tchad." Politique africaine 151, no. 3 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/polaf.151.0039.

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Kadigi, Reuben M. J., Ken Mwathe, Adam Dutton, Japhet Kashaigili, and Freddy Kilima. "Soda Ash Mining in Lake Natron: A Reap or Ruin for Tanzania?" Journal of Environmental Conservation Research 2, no. 2 (2014): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12966/jecr.05.01.2014.

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Yatsuk, Oleh, Leonie Koch, Lorena Carla Giannossa, Annarosa Mangone, Giacomo Fiocco, Marco Malagodi, Astrik Gorghinian, et al. "Back to black: Analysis of the earliest natron glass found in Italy." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 57 (September 2024): 104648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104648.

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Arcones-Pascual, Gustavo, Francisco Hernández-Olivares, and Alberto Sepulcre-Aguilar. "Comparative properties of a lime mortar with different metakaolin and natron additions." Construction and Building Materials 114 (July 2016): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.170.

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Josset, Patrick. "Emplois thérapeutiques du natron dans l'Egypte antique et le monde gréco-romain." Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie 84, no. 311 (1996): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pharm.1996.4824.

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Baryshev, Alexander. "Advective structures of the bottom of lake Natron and its surroundings (Tanzania)." Ores and metals, no. 3 (November 15, 2022): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2022-10019.

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In this study we consider the features of the development of weakly lithified bottom sediments and the general structure of lake Natron against the background of its seasonal drying and watering. This study takes into account the laws of advection and the periodic placement of cellular zonal advective structures in space. The consedimentary structures in the lake sediments demonstrate the conditions for the formation of sodic ores and their positions. Provided space and aerial photographs depict unique genetic information about the evolution of geochemistry and the development of bottom morphology during sedimentation. This includes the presence of two sources that feed the lake - river and mud eruptions of the adjacent Oldoinyo-Lengai volcano, supposedly the only one on Earth that erupts carbonatite lavas. The combination of two sources and two processes leads to the development of an epimagmatic phreatic-hydrothermal recycling system. In it, the masses of the lake penetrate through fissure structures into the suprafocal space of the volcano, providing mud volcanism with solutions of soda masses containing organic matter of sediments. Volcanic soda eruptions are not carbonatite lavas. The morphological similarities and differences of structures are shown - small craters on the bottom of the lake, associated with the advection of thin layers of sedimentary material; large craters located nearby among volcanic strata along the shores of the lake; and both subsidence calderas and explosion calderas associated with magmatic and mud types of volcanism in the setting of strike-slip transtension.

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Liu, Tingting, David L. Bish, Richard A. Socki, Ralph P. Harvey, and Eric Tonui. "Mineralogy and formation of evaporite deposits from the Lewis Cliff ice tongue, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 27, no. 1 (September 5, 2014): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000406.

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AbstractThe mineralogy of evaporites from the Lewis Cliff ice tongue (LCIT), Antarctica, and their mineral stabilities and transformation behaviours under different temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions have been evaluated to elucidate formation mechanism(s). A variety of sodium (Na)-rich evaporite minerals were documented using RH-controlled powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods including Na-sulfates (mirabilite and thenardite), Na-carbonate/bicarbonates (nahcolite, occasional trona and natron) and Na-borates (qilianshanite and borax). Mirabilite begins to dehydrate to thenardite, and natron to trona and natrite when exposed to room temperature, even when maintained at RH values similar to those measured at the LCIT (50–70%). The boron-mineral qilianshanite was discovered for the first time in Antarctica within the evaporite mounds. The mirabilite-rich mounds are deduced to have formed via a freezing/sublimation process that occurred in glacial or subglacial bodies of water supplied by glacial tills containing microbially oxidized sulfate ions. The needle-like nahcolite crystals growing on the exteriors of the mounds suggest a dissolution/precipitation process involving atmospheric CO2 and water. The co-existence of nahcolite and boron-bearing minerals indicates the presence of a Na+-, HCO3-- and boron-bearing alkaline brine, which produces qilianshanite as a secondary mineral by reaction of nahcolite and borax in atmospheric CO2 and H2O.

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Saidu, Yusuf, Rihanat Olawumi Olaosebikan, Suleiman Ahmed Isa, Ibrahim Malami, and Suleiman Alhaji Muhammad. "Effect of natron administration on the antioxidant status and lipid profile of rats." Journal of Food Science 85, no. 11 (September 30, 2020): 4033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15480.

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