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Bibliografias temáticas / Natural law

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Natural law"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 30 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Natural law"

1

Staley, K. M. "New Natural Law, Old Natural Law, or the Same Natural Law?" American Journal of Jurisprudence 38, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1993): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajj/38.1.109.

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Oandasan, William. "Natural Law". Wicazo Sa Review 1, n.º 1 (1985): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1409422.

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Lawton, Graham. "Natural law". New Scientist 255, n.º 3399 (agosto de 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(22)01439-7.

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Caspar, Ruth. "Natural Law". Thought 60, n.º 1 (1985): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/thought198560113.

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George, R. P. "Natural Law". American Journal of Jurisprudence 52, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2007): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajj/52.1.55.

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Redmond, Jim. "Natural Law". Pleiades: Literature in Context 37, n.º 2 (2017): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2017.0107.

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الوائلي, عامر, هادي الكعبي e مصطفى الخفاجي. "Natural law". Kufa Journal of Arts 1, n.º 16 (18 de novembro de 2013): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2013/v1.i16.6272.

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The doctrine of natural law is represented by what philosophers and jurists have held since ancient times, that there is a higher law than man-made laws, and this idea expresses the human tendency to perfection, and it is not man-made, but rather it is eternal and fixed rules that God deposited in the universe and that the legislator is required to follow by imitation when enacting legislation. The idea of natural law for the Greeks was a philosophical idea based on contemplation of the manifestations of social life and an attempt to reveal its nature. The Greek philosophers noticed the fixed system that the universe follows and all natural phenomena that exist in this universe are subject to.The idea of natural law among the Romans and churchmen in the Middle Ages was a legal and religious idea. The Stoicism was transmitted to the Romans, who were influenced by their doctrine based on individualism.

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Emon, Anver M. "Natural Law and Natural Rights in Islamic Law". Journal of Law and Religion 20, n.º 2 (2004): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4144668.

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Flippen, Douglas. "Natural Law and Natural Inclinations". New Scholasticism 60, n.º 3 (1986): 284–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/newscholas198660312.

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Grisez, Germain. "Natural Law and Natural Inclinations". New Scholasticism 61, n.º 3 (1987): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/newscholas198761315.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Natural law"

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Korkman, Petter. "Barbeyrac and natural law /". Helsinki : [s.n.], 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39245967r.

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Perreau-Saussine, Amanda Claire Radegund. "Natural law with gloves on : a critical exposition of John Finnis's natural law theory". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251851.

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Pedersen, Soeren Hviid. "Natural law and good polity". Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285853.

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Delacroix, Sylvie. "Legal normativity without natural law". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619600.

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Vrtiska, Josef Michael. "Natural Law: Religion and Integrity". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146249.

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This thesis examines the contemporary debates over the meaning of natural law. Kent Greenawalt and Ronald Dworkin weigh in on this debate and oppose the theory of natural law with some theories of law that they have developed themselves. Greenawalt argues that citizens in a liberal democracy are not to rely on their religious convictions but rather on publicly accessible reasons. The religious convictions that these citizens have are to be a secondary reliance but can be used in situations where publicly accessible reasons are absent such as abortion. Dworkin develops his theory of Integrity as Law which he explains as a "chain novel." Law is like a novel being written in which the judges must continually add chapters. The goal is integrity. Judges must treat the law that is in place as part of the novel that has already been partly written. It is a way to improve upon the existing laws and precedents. In order for a unifying acceptance of law and development of law, theories of law must be developed. Greenawalt and Dworkin each offer alternative approaches to natural law, and in this thesis, I compare how these theories apply to legal debates concerning abortion and pornography.

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Costello, Graham John. "Natural Law and Natural Rights in Nineteenth Century Britain". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10168.

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This thesis challenges the view of many historians that the natural law and natural rights tradition, while flourishing in the Enlightenment period, disappeared in nineteenth-century Britain with the expansion of the role of positive law, only to reappear post-World War II in human rights discourse. The focus of historians of political thought on canonical figures, Jeremy Bentham, John Austin, and John Stuart Mill, all of whom were antagonistic to the natural law and rights tradition has led them to fail to appreciate not only the continued role of natural law and rights but its development of a post-Enlightenment accommodation with positive law, resulting in a more pragmatic understanding of natural law. The examination of non-canonical figures who were nevertheless important in their time reveals the continued role of natural law as positive law expanded. The thesis is developed through the analysis of figures in areas where natural law was significant: Jurisprudence; the Law of Nations or International Law; and Spiritual Life. Jurisprudence was the area in which theorists of natural law mounted direct opposition to the theories of Jeremy Bentham, John Austin, and John Stuart Mill. The writers investigated include Charles Foster, an early nineteenth century proponent of natural law through his writings and lectures; the Scotsman, James Lorimer, writer and lecturer on jurisprudence and law of nations; and the Irish Catholic lawyer Denis Caufeild Heron. In International Law the advocates of natural law theory were Robert Phillimore, judge of the High Court of Admiralty; Travers Twiss and George Bowyer as civil lawyers; and James Lorimer. Writers on Natural Law in Spiritual Life, included Henry Drummond, lecturer and ecclesiast; George Combe, phrenologist; and John Seeley, historian; who were in conflict with churchmen over the church’s exclusive right to interpret religious teaching and the appropriate relationship between natural law and religion.

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George, Robert P. "Law, liberty and morality in some recent natural law theories". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381847.

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Ford, Craig A. "Foundations of a Queer Natural Law". Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108247.

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Thesis advisor: James F. Keenan
The queer natural law is an ethical framework at the intersection of queer theory, queer theology, and the natural law ethical tradition largely used in Roman Catholic moral theology. As a framework, queer natural law adopts the eudaimonist, realist, and teleological emphases of the natural law virtue ethics tradition exemplified by Thomas Aquinas and restored by revisionist natural lawyers, and it refines the operations of these normative emphases through queer theory’s critical investigation of conceptual normativity. Conceived as a dynamic dialectical enterprise, queer theory offers to the natural law tradition a toolset for a more comprehensive assessment of human nature, specifically by taking a critical look at the operation of heteronormativity in normative frameworks. Symbiotically, the natural law tradition offers to queer theory a scaffold for conceiving of an ethics based in equality and nondiscrimination that allows queer theory’s ethical impulses to avoid postmodernity’s tendency towards circularity in ethical reasoning, precisely by grounding queer theory’s ethical motivations in a participatory discourse based in universal human goods. Using sexuality as a test case, this dissertation proceeds in four chapters. In the first, the notion of a queer natural law is explained in more detail. In the second, an account of human flourishing compatible with the queer natural law is articulated. In the third, a review of two natural law accounts of sexuality—magisterial and revisionist—is conducted. In the fourth and final chapter, differences between a revisionist natural law account of sexuality and a queer natural law account of sexuality are explored, defending the queer natural law thesis that the telos of sex is inter/personal pleasure
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Theology

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9

Koczela, Jeffrey Lewis. "Maritain and Maharishi on knowing natural law". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.

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Toddington, S. W. "Towards an integrated theory of natural law". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388184.

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Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "Natural law"

1

Finnis, John. Natural law. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1991.

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1940-, Finnis J. M., ed. Natural law. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1990.

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3

John, Finnis, ed. Natural law. New York, NY: New York University Press, Reference Collection, 1991.

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4

1940-, Finnis J. M., ed. Natural law. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1991.

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Finnis, John. Natural law and natural rights. 2^a ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Finnis, John. Natural law and natural rights. 2^a ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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7

Ferreira da Cunha, Paulo. Rethinking Natural Law. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32659-2.

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8

Hyett, Barbara Helfgott. Natural law: Poems. Winona, Minn: Northland Press of Winona, 1989.

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9

Laitos, Jan. Natural resources law. St. Paul, Minn: West Group, 2002.

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10

Devine, Philip E. Natural law ethics. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1999.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Natural law"

1

Haara, Heikki, e Kari Saastamoinen. "Natural Law". In Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20791-9_3-1.

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2

Wells, Robin Headlam. "Natural Law". In Shakespeare, Politics and the State, 139–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18474-3_7.

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3

Sugden, Robert. "Natural Law". In The Economics of Rights, Co-operation and Welfare, 149–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230536791_8.

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Simmonds, N. E. "Natural Law". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 9336–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_720.

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McBride, Nicholas J., e Sandy Steel. "Natural Law". In Great Debates in Jurisprudence, 82–113. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32754-3_5.

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Panzeca, Ivana, Rupert John Kilcullen, Johannes M. M. H. Thijssen, Josep Puig Montada, Börje Bydén, Tzvi Langermann, Rupert John Kilcullen et al. "Natural Law". In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, 831–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9729-4_347.

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Ramsay, Hayden. "Natural Law". In Beyond Virtue, 64–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25808-6_4.

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Kilcullen, Rupert John. "Natural Law". In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, 1261–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1665-7_347.

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Simmonds, N. E. "Natural Law". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–4. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_720-1.

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Sellers, M. N. S. "Natural Law". In The Sacred Fire of Liberty, 109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371811_29.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Natural law"

1

Ferreira da Cunha, Paulo. "Natural Law: classic and modern?" In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws99_01.

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Huang, Fang. "Natural Law and Contractual Spirit". In 3rd Annual International Conference on Management, Economics and Social Development (ICMESD 17). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmesd-17.2017.75.

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Bilotsky, S. D. "Definition of natural resources in international law". In THE LATEST LAW DEVELOPMENTS. Baltija Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-432-0-35.

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"Are construction cost escalations a natural law?!" In 18th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2011. ERES, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2011_54.

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Fathiah, Adha, Afrizal Afrizal e Jendrius Jendrius. "Natural Disasters and Agrarian Conflict". In International Conference on Social Sciences, Humanities, Economics and Law. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-9-2018.2282590.

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Lee, Taeyoon, Jaewoon Kwon e Frank C. Park. "A Natural Adaptive Control Law for Robot Manipulators". In 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593727.

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Alekseeva, Nadezhda, Valerii Vlasenko, Vladislav Panchenko, Ivan Makarchuk e Sergey Shimansky. "Legal Customs as a Form of Environmental Law and Natural Resource Law". In XIV European-Asian Congress "The value of law" (EAC-LAW 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201205.035.

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Xiu-mei, Hao. "The Law Mining on Function Singular Rough Sets". In 2009 Fifth International Conference on Natural Computation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2009.522.

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Su, Shibin, Heng Wang, Hua Zhang, Yanyang Liang e Wei Xiong. "Reducing chattering using Adaptive Exponential Reaching Law". In 2010 Sixth International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2010.5582697.

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Mintarsih, Mimin, Bambang Sukamto e Ritawati. "Natural Rights in Relation to Freedom of Democracy". In International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200226.019.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Natural law"

1

Harrison, James. The Development of Natural Law from Plato to the Renaissance. Portland State University Library, janeiro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6725.

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Niyogi, Partha, e Robert C. Berwick. A Note on Zipf's Law, Natural Languages, and Noncoding DNA Regions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, março de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada298420.

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Lee, S. R., T. F. Jr Irvine e G. A. Greene. A computational analysis of natural convection in a vertical channel with a modified power law non-Newtonian fluid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658434.

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Silverman, Allison. Using International Law to Advance Women’s Tenure Rights in REDD+. Rights and Resources Initiative, junho de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/uyna2326.

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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an international initiative to mitigate climate change in the forest sector. It is intended to incentivize developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as promote sustainable management of forests, and conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. REDD+ has significant implications for land and resource rights, and raises particular concerns for women. These concerns arise from discrimination that women already face in resource management processes, largely due to unclear, unsecure and unequal tenure rights. Women represent a large percentage of the world’s poor, and they are often directly dependent on natural resources. As a result, there are significant risks that REDD+ could exacerbate existing inequalities for women if it fails to respect women’s tenure rights. This paper makes a case for advancing women’s tenure rights and how international law can be used to promote those rights in the context of REDD+.

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Lewis, Dustin. Three Pathways to Secure Greater Respect for International Law concerning War Algorithms. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/wwxn5790.

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Existing and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts and other systems reliant upon war algorithms and data span diverse areas. Natural persons may increasingly depend upon these technologies in decisions and activities related to killing combatants, destroying enemy installations, detaining adversaries, protecting civilians, undertaking missions at sea, conferring legal advice, and configuring logistics. In intergovernmental debates on autonomous weapons, a normative impasse appears to have emerged. Some countries assert that existing law suffices, while several others call for new rules. Meanwhile, the vast majority of efforts by States to address relevant systems focus by and large on weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Partly as a result, the broad spectrum of other far-reaching applications is rarely brought into view. One normatively grounded way to help identify and address relevant issues is to elaborate pathways that States, international organizations, non-state parties to armed conflict, and others may pursue to help secure greater respect for international law. In this commentary, I elaborate on three such pathways: forming and publicly expressing positions on key legal issues, taking measures relative to their own conduct, and taking steps relative to the behavior of others. None of these pathways is sufficient in itself, and there are no doubt many others that ought to be pursued. But each of the identified tracks is arguably necessary to ensure that international law is — or becomes — fit for purpose. By forming and publicly expressing positions on relevant legal issues, international actors may help clarify existing legal parameters, pinpoint salient enduring and emerging issues, and detect areas of convergence and divergence. Elaborating legal views may also help foster greater trust among current and potential adversaries. To be sure, in recent years, States have already fashioned hundreds of statements on autonomous weapons. Yet positions on other application areas are much more difficult to find. Further, forming and publicly expressing views on legal issues that span thematic and functional areas arguably may help States and others overcome the current normative stalemate on autonomous weapons. Doing so may also help identify — and allocate due attention and resources to — additional salient thematic and functional areas. Therefore, I raise a handful of cross-domain issues for consideration. These issues touch on things like exercising human agency, reposing legally mandated evaluative decisions in natural persons, and committing to engage only in scrutable conduct. International actors may also take measures relative to their own conduct. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline several such existing measures. In doing so, I invite readers to inventory and peruse these types of steps in order to assess whether the nature or character of increasingly complex socio-technical systems reliant upon war algorithms and data may warrant revitalized commitments or adjustments to existing measures — or, perhaps, development of new ones. I outline things like enacting legislation necessary to prosecute alleged perpetrators of grave breaches, making legal advisers available to the armed forces, and taking steps to prevent abuses of the emblem. Finally, international actors may take measures relative to the conduct of others. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline some of the existing steps that other States, international organizations, and non-state parties may take to help secure respect for the law by those undertaking the conduct. These measures may include things like addressing matters of legal compliance by exerting diplomatic pressure, resorting to penal sanctions to repress violations, conditioning or refusing arms transfers, and monitoring the fate of transferred detainees. Concerning military partnerships in particular, I highlight steps such as conditioning joint operations on a partner’s compliance with the law, planning operations jointly in order to prevent violations, and opting out of specific operations if there is an expectation that the operations would violate applicable law. Some themes and commitments cut across these three pathways. Arguably, respect for the law turns in no small part on whether natural persons can and will foresee, understand, administer, and trace the components, behaviors, and effects of relevant systems. It may be advisable, moreover, to institute ongoing cross-disciplinary education and training as well as the provision of sufficient technical facilities for all relevant actors, from commanders to legal advisers to prosecutors to judges. Further, it may be prudent to establish ongoing monitoring of others’ technical capabilities. Finally, it may be warranted for relevant international actors to pledge to engage, and to call upon others to engage, only in armed-conflict-related conduct that is sufficiently attributable, discernable, and scrutable.

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Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Hannah Shepler, David Weinzimmer e Carlos Linares. Natural resource condition assessment: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301822.

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The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program administered by the NPS Water Resources Division evaluates current conditions for important natural resources and resource indicators using primarily existing information and data. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition, when possible, identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. This NRCA complements previous scientific endeavors, is multi-disciplinary in scope, employs a hierarchical indicator framework, identifies and develops reference conditions/values for comparison against current conditions, and emphasizes spatial evaluation of conditions where possible. Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO) was authorized by an act of Congress on February 19, 1962, (Public Law 87-407) to preserve the site associated with the boyhood and family of President Abraham Lincoln, including a portion of the original Tom Lincoln farm and the nearby gravesite of Nancy Hanks Lincoln. The 200-acre memorial commemorates the pioneer farm where Abraham Lincoln lived from the age of 7 to 21. The NRCA for LIBO employed a scoping process involving Colorado State University, LIBO and other NPS staffs to establish the NRCA framework, identify important park resources, and gather existing information and data. Indicators and measures for each resource were then identified and evaluated. Data and information were analyzed and synthesized to provide summaries and address condition, trend and confidence using a standardized but flexible framework. A total of nine focal resources were examined: four addressing system and human dimensions, one addressing chemical and physical attributes, and four addressing biological attributes. The quality and currentness of data used for the evaluation varied by resource. Landscape context ? system and human dimensions included land cover and land use, natural night skies, soundscape, and climate change. Climate change and land cover/land use were not assigned a condition or trend?they provide important context to the memorial and many natural resources and can be stressors. Some of the land cover and land use-related stressors at LIBO and in the larger region are related to the development of rural land and increases in population/housing over time. The trend in land development, coupled with the lack of significantly sized and linked protected areas, presents significant challenges to the conservation of natural resources of LIBO to also include natural night skies, natural sounds and scenery. Climate change is happening and is affecting resources, but is not considered good or bad per se. The information synthesized in that section is useful in examining potential trends in the vulnerability of sensitive resources and broad habitat types such as forests. Night skies and soundscapes, significantly altered by disturbance due to traffic, development and urbanization, warrant significant and moderate concern, respectively, and appear to be in decline. Air quality was the sole resource supporting chemical and physical environment at the memorial. The condition of air quality can affect human dimensions of the park such as visibility and scenery as well as biological components such as the effect of ozone levels on vegetation health. Air quality warrants significant concern and is largely impacted by historical and current land uses outside the memorial boundary. The floral biological component was examined by assessing native species composition, Mean Coefficient of Conservation, Floristic Quality Assessment Index, invasive exotic plants, forest pests and disease, and forest vulnerability to climate change. Vegetation resources at LIBO have been influenced by historical land uses that have changed the species composition and age structure of these communities. Although large tracts of forests can be found surrounding the park, the majority of forested areas are fragmented, and few areas within and around LIBO exhibit late-successional or old-growth characteristics. Vegetation communities at LIBO have a long history of being impacted by a variety of stressors and threats including noxious and invasive weeds, diseases and insect pests; compounding effects of climate change, air pollution, acid rain/atmospheric chemistry, and past land uses; and impacts associated with overabundant white-tail deer populations. These stressors and threats have collectively shaped and continue to impact plant community condition and ecological succession. The sole metric in good condition was native species composition, while all other indicators and metrics warranted either moderate or significant concern. The faunal biological components examined included birds, herptiles, and mammals. Birds (unchanging trend) and herptiles (no trend determined) warrant moderate concern, while mammal populations warrant significant concern (no trend determined). The confidence of both herptiles and mammals was low due to length of time since data were last collected. Current forest structure within and surrounding LIBO generally reflects the historical overstory composition but changes in the hardwood forest at LIBO and the surrounding area have resulted in declines in the avian fauna of the region since the 1970s. The decline in woodland bird populations has been caused by multiple factors including the conversion of hardwood forest to other land cover types, habitat fragmentation, and increasing human population growth. The identification of data gaps during the course of the assessment is an important NRCA outcome. Resource-specific details are presented in each resource section. In some cases, significant data gaps contributed to the resource not being evaluated or low confidence in the condition or trend being assigned to a resource. Primary data gaps and uncertainties encountered were lack of recent survey data, uncertainties regarding reference conditions, availability of consistent long-term data, and the need for more robust or sensitive sampling designs. Impacts associated with development outside the park will continue to stress some resources. Regionally, the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely but specific outcomes are uncertain. Nonetheless, within the past several decades, some progress has been made toward restoring the quality of natural resources within the park, most notably the forested environments. Regional and park-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to maintain or improve the condition of some resources over time. Success will require acknowledging a ?dynamic change context? that manages widespread and volatile problems while confronting uncertainties, managing natural and cultural resources simultaneously and interdependently, developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and establishing connectivity across broad landscapes beyond park borders.

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7

Meneses, Juan Francisco, e José Luis Saboin. Growth Recoveries (from Collapses). Inter-American Development Bank, julho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003419.

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This paper analyzes the behavior of a long list of economic variables during episodes of recovery from an economic collapse. A set of stylized facts is proposed so as to depict what in this work is called \saygrowth recoveries. Through different estimation techniques, it is inferred under which conditions and policies the likelihood of experiencing a growth recovery increases. The results of the paper indicate that collapses tend to occur in countries with high dependence on natural resource rents, macroeconomic mismanagement, low levels of democratic accountability and rule of law and high levels of conflict. Recoveries, on the other hand, tend to be longer than collapses and are more likely to occur in contexts of: improved external conditions, less natural resource rents, balanced fiscal accounts, where the exchange rate corrects but within a more fixed exchange rate regime and a more restricted financial account, and where there are: rebounds in private consumption, increases in international trade and improvements on property rights.

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8

Poelina, Anne, J. Alexander, N. Samnakay e I. Perdrisat. A Conservation and Management Plan for the National Heritage Listed Fitzroy River Catchment Estate (No. 1). Editado por A. Hayes e K. S. Taylor. Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council; Nulungu Research Institute, The University of Notre Dame Australia., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/nrp/2020.4.

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The Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council (Martuwarra Council) has prepared this document to engage widely and to articulate its ambitions and obligations to First Law, customary law and their guardianship authority and fiduciary duty to protect the Martuwarra’s natural and cultural heritage. This document outlines a strategic approach to Heritage Conservation and Management Planning, communicating to a wide audience, the planning principles, key initiatives, and aspirations of the Martuwarra Traditional Owners to protect their culture, identity and deep connection to living waters and land. Finer granularity of action items required to give effect to this Conservation and Management Plan for the National Heritage Listed Fitzroy River Catchment Estate are outlined in section 7 and which will be more fully explored by the Martuwarra Council in the coming months and years.

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9

Murguia, Juan M., Pablo Ordoñez, Leonardo Corral e Gilmar Navarrete-Chacón. Payment for Ecosystem Services in Costa Rica: Evaluation of a Country-wide Program. Inter-American Development Bank, maio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004259.

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Several countries have implemented payment-for-ecosystem-services (PES) programs, buoyed by the promise of these programs as a win-win strategy that would allow both the conservation of natural resources, and the reduction of poverty for rural households and communities. Our study evaluates the effect on deforestation of Costa Rica's PES program, one of the oldest country-wide programs in the world. Costa Rica approved the 1996 Forest Law (Law No. 7575), creating a PES program that compensates landowners for forest conservation. We estimate these effects using an event study design with staggered entry into treatment. Our results show a statistically significant effect for the first year with a decrease in deforestation of 0.21 ha, but not for the following years. Given that the baseline level of deforestation in our sample is low, the magnitude of the effect is large. When compared to the pre-2016 average level of within farm deforestation, our estimated effect would imply a 100% reduction in deforestation for the first year after enrollment. Given the program pays the participants for a 5-year period, and that the effect is significant only during the first year, it may be beneficial for the program to reduce its length and implement required simplified annual contract renewals or other behavioral interventions to reduce noncompliance in subsequent years.

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10

K. Amo, R.W. Baker, V.D. Helm, T. Hofmann, K.A. Lokhandwala, I. Pinnau, M.B. Ringer, T.T. Su, L. Toy e J.G. Wijmans. Low-quality natural gas sulfur removal/recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janeiro de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775213.

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