Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Nervo vago"
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Sant'ana, Flora Lucena. "Mecanismo antiartrítico da tripsina administrada por via oral". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/107110.
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A artrite reumatoide é uma doença autoimune que em seu curso pode causar inatividade do paciente e levá-lo a óbito. Acredita-se que 1,5% da população mundial seja afligida pela doença, que não tem cura e os tratamentos disponíveis nos dias de hoje além de terem alto custo, podem causar efeitos adversos graves, limitando o tratamento da doença. A pesquisa em busca de medicamentos com menos efeitos adversos e de custo acessível faz-se então necessária. O presente estudo mostrou que a tripsina administrada em ratas pela via oral na dose de 2,95mg/Kg foi capaz de diminuir a dor e a inflamação articular em um modelo de artrite induzida por CFA, e que uma única administração foi capaz de manter o efeito antiartrítico durante os 7 dias de avaliação. Animais vagotomizados não tiveram melhora do quadro artrítico após a administração da tripsina na mesma dose anterior, indicando um papel vagal na atividade da enzima. Da mesma forma, a tripsina não teve efeito quando administrada em animais que receberam injeção intratecal das neurotoxinas 6-OHDA e 5,7-DHT. Esse resultado sugere o papel das vias descendentes inibitórias noradrenérgicas e serotoninérgicas, respectivamente, na ação da tripsina. As vias descendentes inibitórias monoaminérgicas não somente podem diminuir a nocicepção, como também, a partir da inibição do reflexo da raiz dorsal, seria capaz de controlar a inflamação articular. O presente trabalho propõe, então, que a ativação vagal seguida da liberação de monoaminas na medula pela via descendente inibitória compõem o mecanismo de ação da tripsina via oral, que pode ser considerada como uma alternativa de tratamento para doenças inflamatórias crônicas como a artrite reumatoide. Por extensão, esse trabalho sugere que ativadores orais de aferências do nervo vago subdiafragmático, e não absorvíveis, podem ser um novo ramo para o desenvolvimento de fármacos com menos efeitos colaterais.
Cruz, Daniel Sanzio Gimenes da. "Caracterização fenotípica e funcional de células dendríticas após vagotomia unilateral cervical em camundongos C57BL/6". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-07012014-083924/.
Texto completo da fonteThe vagus nerve plays an important role in the regulation of homeostasis and its efferent branches emit signals capable of attenuating the inflammatory response via the inflammatory reflex. Our hypothesis was that this pathway may also alter the function of dendritic cells (DCs), since these cells have cholinergic receptors and can be regulated by the inflammatory cytokines. Thus, splenic DCs and DCs generated from bone marrow precursor cells unilaterally vagotomized animals were analyzed for phenotypic markers CD11c and MHC-II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. The bone marrow-derived DCs were also evaluated for phagocytic function, antigen presentation, as well as the production of cytokines such co-culture with lymphocytes from mice OT-II. A delayed type hypersensitivity test (DTH) twas also performed to evaluate the cellular immune response was also performed, but showed no significant changes. The analysis of phenotypic markers showed increased CD80 expression in splenic DCs from unilaterally vagotomized animals but there were no changes in bone marrow-derived DCs. The evaluation of phagocytic ability showed a significant decrease in DCs from unilaterally vagotomized animals while in the OT-II lymphocyte proliferation assay there was no significant effect. Among the cytokines evaluated, IL-6 and IFN-ϒ were increased in unilaterally vagotomized animals. Therefore, this study was able to demonstrate that DCs are also subject to modulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which, once modulated, these cells are able to exert influence on other cells.
Santos, Nícolas Bertolaccini dos. "Estudo da regeneração axonal em enxerto nervoso sensitivo (n.sural) autólogo a partir de nervo craniano intacto (n.vago)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25142/tde-25052010-140810/.
Texto completo da fonteThe end-to-side neurorrhaphy technique was used in order to study the possibility of nerve fiber growths from intact nerve (n. vagus) into a autologous nerve graft (n. suralis). Besides that, it was also studied the possible success by using a spinal nerve graft and a intact cranial nerve as donor. The grafts were harvested ten weeks post-surgical and submitted to the optical and electronic techniques. Also, morphometric data was obtained about regenerating fibers (diameter, tchicness, area) and compared to the normal donor nerve (n. vagus). It was observed myelinic and non-myelinic nerve fibers inside the graft in a very similar characteristic of the normal donor nerve. It was concluded that regeneraty nerve fibers with donor nerve characteristics (n. vagus) growth into the spinal nerve graft (n. suralis). In conclusion, using morphological criteria, the end-to-side neurorrhaphy techinique showed to be a good choice for peripheral nerve repair because it allows nerve regeneration in a good morphological pattern. Further studies are in progress to observe functional results by using spinal and cranial nerves as a subject models.
Andrade, João Cleber Theodoro de. "Sistema neuropeptidergico do hormonio concentrador de melanina e da orexina A no nucleo motor dorsal do nervo vago em rato". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317256.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O hormônio concentrador de melanina (MCH) e a orexina A (OXA) são neuromediadores expressos em neurônios distribuídos no diencéfalo, principalmente na área hipotalâmica lateral, que emitem projeções para inúmeras regiões do neuroeixo. Esses neuropeptídeos exercem potente ação orexigênica, estimulando a ingestão alimentar e o controle do balanço energético. Em vista disso, propusemos analisar esses sistemas neuropeptidérgicos no núcleo motor dorsal do nervo vago, um importante grupamento neuronal pré-motor parassimpático responsável pelas modulações da motilidade e secreção do tubo gastrointestinal, que indiretamente colaboram na ingestão alimentar. Para esses propósitos, foram empregados os métodos de transporte neuronal retrógrado e imunoistoquímica. Os principais dados advindos desse estudo neuroanatômico permite concluir que o núcleo motor dorsal do nervo vago apresenta uma distribuição heterogênea da inervação imunorreativa a OXA (OXA-ir) e ao MCH (MCH-ir), com preponderância da inervação OXA-ir. Os neurônios desse núcleo parassimpático que enviam fibras nervosas para a parte abdominal do esôfago, estômago e segmento proximal do duodeno, recebem inúmeros contatos morfológicos dos terminais nervosos OXA-ir ou ao MCH-ir, sugestivos de contatos sinápticos. Finalmente, as aferências diencefálicas OXA-ir ou ao MCH-ir para o DMV, foram elucidadas, revelando que as partes dorsais e laterais da área hipotalâmica lateral são os principais locais de origem dessa inervação neuropeptidérgica.
Abstarct: Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin-A (OXA) are neuromediators expressed in neurons distributed in the diencephalum, mainly in the lateral hypothalamic area, projecting nerve fibers to several parts of the central nervous system. These neuropeptides exert potent orexigenic activity, increasing feeding and controlling the energetic balance. Consequently, these neuropeptidergic systems were evaluated in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, a fundamental premotor parasympathetic nucleus that modulates the motility and secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, indirectly collaborating in the feeding behaviour. For these purposes retrograde neuronal tracing and immunohistochemistry methods were used. The main results from this neuroanatomical study showed that the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve exhibits a heterogeneous rostro-caudal MCH- or OXA-innervation patterns, being the latter more significant. Parasympathetic neurons that send nerve fibers to subdiafragmatic esophagus, stomach and proximal duodenum receive MCH- or OXA-immunoreactive nerve endings like synapses. Finally, the MCH or OXA-immunoreactive diencephalic afferents to dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve were elucidated. These afferents are mainly from dorsal and lateral parts of the lateral hypothalamic area.
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Schiavoni, Maria Cristina Lopes. "Estudo longitudinal do padrão de vascularização do endoneuro do nervo vago de ratas da linhagem Wistar-Kyoto, em diferentes idades". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17140/tde-18102006-152002/.
Texto completo da fontePeripheral nerves are abundantly vascularised throughout their length by a succession of vessels which, by their repeated division and anastomosis within the nerve, for an unbroken intraneural vascular network. It is well defined that the number of nutrient vessels to any particular nerve varies greatly not only from subject to subject but also on the two sides of the body. Larger nerves do not necessarily receive more vessels than do smaller nerves. Nerves may run considerable distances without receiving a nutrient vessel and the caliber of the nutrient vessels fluctuates over wide limits. Thus, the number and size of these vessels, together with their distribution within the nerve, are subject to a wide range of variation, not only between various segments of a nerve but also in the same nerve in different specimens. In this way, our objectives were to study the longitudinal pattern of the endoneural vascularisation and, to determine the existence of a correlation between the fascicular total area and the endoneural area occupied by the capillary vessels on the vagus nerve of Wistar-Kyoto female rats, in three different ages. Three animas aged 30, 180 or 360 days were killed and their right vagus nerves were prepared for epoxy resin embedding and light microscopy study, by conventional techniques. Serial semihtin sections (0.4 µm), obtained every 100 µm of the vagus nerve longitudinal extension were measured with the aid of a computer software. The average fascicular area and the average area occupied by the endoneural capillary were obtained for each segment (proximal, medium and distal) and compared between segments (longitudinal study) and between ages. The correlation between the fascicular area and the area occupied by the endoneural capillary was accessed by linear regression analysis and correlation coefficient calculations. The percentage of the total fascicular area occupied by the capillaries was also calculated for each segment and compared between segments and between ages. Our results show that the average fascicular area, in all segments studied, was significantly larger in the older animals (180 and 360 days), compared to the younger (30 days). This was compatible with the weight gain of the animals. Interestingly, in the younger animals, there was a tendency of an increase in the average fascicular area from proximal to distal, and this was not observed in the older animals (180 and 360 days). The average area of the endoneural capillaries increased from proximal to distal in all groups studied. The analysis between groups showed a stabilization of the fascicular area in the older animals while the average capillary area got smaller with ageing. The percentage of the fascicular area occupied by the endoneural capillary vessels increased from proximal to distal in the younger animals (30 days) and got stable in the older (180 and 360 days). There was an obvious decrease in this percentage with ageing. The capillary vessels diameter study showed that this parameter varied considerably, without a established pattern between segments or groups. Our results also show the existence of a weak but positive correlation between the fascicular area and the area occupied by the endoneural capillary. This data suggests that the entrance of blood vessels to the endoneural space is not followed by an increase on the fascicular area. The result of a smaller percentage of the fascicular area occupied by the capillary vessels with ageing suggests that older animals may be more susceptible to nerve ischemia.
Santos, Diego Antonino Nunes dos. "Estimulação elétrica não invasiva do nervo vago melhora agudamente o controle da pressão arterial em homens jovens saudáveis". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/22704.
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Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a hipótese de que a estimulação elétrica não invasiva do nervo vago (tVNS) melhora agudamente o controle da pressão arterial (PA). Métodos: Treze homens saudáveis (23 ± 1 ano) foram randomizados em três visitas experimentais. Na tVNS ativa, os eletrodos foram colocados no tragus da orelha e a corrente elétrica foi aplicada usando um dispositivo de estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS). Foi realizada uma visita controlada com os eletrodos posicionados no tragus, mas não foi aplicada corrente (sham-T). Além disso, para evitar um efeito sensorial de confusão, outro protocolo foi realizado com a mesma corrente elétrica da visita ativa, mas os eletrodos foram colocados no lóbulo da orelha (uma área sem terminações nervosas cutâneas do vago - sham-L). A frequência cardíaca (FC), batimento a batimento, e a PA foram monitoradas em repouso, durante a tVNS (ativa, sham-T e sham-L) e durante a recuperação. A sensibilidade barorreflexa cardiovagal espontânea (cBRS) foi medida pela técnica de sequência. Tanto a FC (LF/HF) como a variabilidade da PA (VPA) também foram medidas. Resultados: A PA e a VPA não foram afetadas por nenhum protocolo, ativo ou simulado (P > 0,05). A FC e a relação LF/HF diminuíram (Δ-3,4 ± 1% e Δ-17 ± 10%, P < 0,05, respectivamente) e a cBRS aumentou (Δ20 ± 7%, P < 0,05) apenas durante a tVNS ativa, mas permaneceram inalterados durante ambos os protocolos simulados (P > 0,05). Conclusão: A tVNS melhora agudamente o controle neural da PA em homens saudáveis.
Purpouse: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) acutely improves blood pressure (BP) control. Methods: Thirteen healthy men (23±1yrs) were randomized across three experimental visits. In active tVNS, electrodes were placed on the tragus of the ear and electrical current was applied by using a Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) device. A time-control visit was performed with the electrodes placed on tragus, but no current was applied (sham-T). Additionally, to avoid a confounding sensory effect, another sham protocol was performed with same electrical current of the active visit, but the electrodes were placed on the ear lobe (an area without cutaneous nerve endings from the vagus – sham-L). Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and BP were monitored at rest, during tVNS (active, sham-T and sham-L) and recovery. Spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) was measured via sequence technique. Both HR (LF/HF) and BP variability (BPV) were also measured. Results: Arterial BP and BPV were not affected by any active or sham protocols (P>0.05). HR and LF/HF ratio decreased (Δ–3.4±1% and Δ–17±10%, P<0.05, respectively) and cBRS increased (Δ20±7%, P<0.05) only during active tVNS, but were unchanged during both sham protocols (P>0.05). Conclusion: tVNS acutely improves neural control of BP in healthy young men.
Corradini, Beatriz Raposo. "Análise de redes de interação transcricional na substância nigra, locus cerúleo e núcleo dorsal do nervo vago na Doença de Parkinson". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-01082013-135108/.
Texto completo da fonteINTRODUCTION: Parkinson\'s disease is caused by a substantial loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and cell loss in locus coeruleus, concomitant loss of dopamine neurotransmitter and continuing deposition of protein within the brain as intracellular inclusions. The disease has a caudal-rostral progression, beginning in the dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve and, in a less extent, in the olfactory system, progressing to the midbrain and finally to the basal forebrain and the neocortex. About 90% of the cases are idiopathic and the main risk factor is ageing. In order to have a better understanding of the genome-environment interactions and of the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease, the investigation of global gene expression in different target tissues has been conducted. This functional genomic approach is based on DNA microarray technology and on the use of bioinformatics for analyzing the data. In the present work an analysis of transcriptional interaction networks in Parkinson\'s disease target tissues was conducted in post mortem cerebral tissue samples obtained from patients and disease-free controls. METHODS: Comparative study of transcriptional interaction networks in the dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra of idiopathic Parkinson\'s disease patients in Braak stages 4-5 and disease-free controls using post mortem tissue samples. Agilent 44 K DNA microarrays were used and the statistical comparative analysis of valid transcripts was accomplished (TMEV) in the vector patient X control for each anatomic region under study. In order to analyze the transcriptional interaction networks for patient and control groups in each anatomic region the FunNet software and the Gene Ontology genomic annotations were used. RESULTS: The genes with high number of gene-gene connections in each transcriptional network, or hubs, were identified and related to their biological function and putative role in Parkinson\'s disease. The comparative analysis between hub profiles (number of connections, position in the network) in each anatomic region for patients and controls revealed that: i) in the dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve the main hubs in patient and control networks are related to the maintenance of brain homeostasis and to neuronal organization; ii) in the locus coeruleus the main hubs of control network are related to the maintenance of brain functions, mobilization of progenitor cells (pericytes) and control of inflammatory pathways, whereas in the patient network the main hubs are linked to exo and endocytosis processes, neuronal development and control of oxidative stress and protein degradation; iii) finally, in the substantia nigra the main hubs in the control network are related to protection against oxidative stress and unfolded/misfolded proteins and in the maintenance of the midbrain dopaminergic system, whereas in the patient network the main hubs are related to epigenetic processes of mitochondrial ageing, vesicular transport, neurogenesis and inflammation and neuronal death. DISCUSSION: The results of transcriptional interaction networks analyses performed for patient and control groups in different anatomic regions are compatible with the caudal-rostral model of Parkinson\'s disease progression and point out to compensatory mechanisms acting in vagus nerve and locus coeruleus
Ricci, Matteo. "La stimolazione del Nervo Vago attraverso la pratica di tecniche respiratorie ai fini della neuroimmunomodulazione del riflesso infiammatorio: a Scoping Review". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21932/.
Texto completo da fonteBosi, Elena. "Sistemi di detezione di attività epilettica nei segnali elettroencefalografici e loro utilità per la terapia". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21809/.
Texto completo da fonteGuiati, Isabella Zacarin. "Efeito da programação metabólica por restrição calórica no Núcleo do Trato Solitário de ratos Wistar". Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153033.
Texto completo da fonteResumo: O estado nutricional materno durante períodos críticos de desenvolvimento da prole (fetal e neonatal) é considerado um importante indutor de Programação. No sistema nervoso central, as alterações poderiam ocorrer especialmente em áreas importantes para o controle do comportamento alimentar, como o núcleo do trato solitário (NTS) que se desenvolve durante o período embrionário. A sinalização relacionada à saciedade é mediada pelos aferentes primários glutamatérgicos provenientes do estômago e duodeno, imunorreativos ao transportador vesicular de glutamato – tipo 2 (VGLUT2) e modulada por diversos neuropeptídeos como o hormônio concentrador de melanina (MCH) e o transcrito regulado pela cocaína e anfetamina (CART). Assim, nosso objetivo foi comparar a organização citoarquitetônica e a imunorreatividade ao MCH, ao CART e ao VGLUT2 no NTS de ratos cujas mães foram submetidas à restrição calórica durante a gestação e lactação. Para sua execução, foram realizados acasalamentos de ratos adultos da linhagem Wistar para obtenção das proles, as quais foram objeto de estudo. Após a detecção da prenhez, as fêmeas foram separadas para a formação de dois grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), dieta normal ad libitum, e grupo restrição calórica (GR), dieta de 50% de restrição em relação ao grupo controle durante os períodos de gestação e lactação. Os filhotes machos, provenientes dos grupos restrição (GR) e controle (GC), foram divididos em quatro subgrupos etários (n=5) de 21, 28, 50 e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Maternal nutritional status during critical periods of offspring development (fetal and neonatal) is considered an important Programming inductor. In the central nervous system, alterations could occur especially in areas important for food behavior control, such as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) that develops during the embryonic period. Signs related to satiety are mediated by glutamatergic primary afferents from the stomach and duodenum, immunoreactive to the vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2) and modulated by various neuropeptides such as melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and the transcript regulated by cocaine and amphetamine (CART). So, our objective was to compare the cytoarchitectonic organization and immunoreactivity to MCH, CART and VGLUT2 in the NTS of rats whose mothers were subjected to caloric restriction during pregnancy and lactation. For their execution, mating of adult Wistar rats was carried out to obtain proles, which were the object of study. After detection of pregnancy, the females were separated to form two experimental groups: control group (CG), normal ad libitum diet, and caloric restriction group (GR), a 50% restriction diet in relation to the control group during pregnancy and lactation periods. The male offspring from the restriction (GR) and control (CG) groups were divided into four age groups (n = 5) of 21, 28, 50 and 90 days. The number of animals from each offspring, postnatal weight 1, weight and naso-anal length, fo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Nunes, Natália Schneider. "Uso terapêutico de ultrassom abdominal diminui severidade de colite aguda induzida por DSS através da via anti-inflamatória colinérgica". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185996.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) characterized by uncontrolled immune response, presenting with symptoms of diarrhea, weight loss and bloody stools. Despite available treatments, UC sustained remission is not achievable and there is still the need for alternative therapies. Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is a mouse model used to investigate novel therapies, since it closely mimics human UC. DSS damages the colonic epithelial barrier, leading to an exacerbated immune response. However, the exact mechanism is not totally understood. Previous studies showed the use of Therapeutic Ultrasound (TUS) to prevent kidney injury in mice through stimulation of the vagus nerve (VN) and activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP). Since IBD patients can present with dysfunctional VN activity, TUS could be studied as an alternative therapy. Objectives: To investigate the temporal clinical, proteomic, histological and cellular immune profiles of DSS-induced acute colitis; and to determine the effects of TUS directed toward the VN and spleen in the course of DSS-induced colitis. Methods: First, we analyzed DSS-induced colitis severity by administration of 1-3% DSS, observing the clinical course and histological damage. A time course analysis was performed at 3% DSS, including colon proteomics, colon histology and immune cell responses in the spleen, MLN (mesenteric lymph node) and colon. Next, utilizing 2% DSS in drinking water, we applied TUS over the mice abdomen and analyzed clinical symptoms, histological damage, colon proteomics and immune cell responses in the spleen, MLN and colon. Splenectomized and a7nAChR (key indicator of CAIP activation) KO animals were also used. Results: In the first study, we observed worsening of the disease when increasing DSS concentrations from 1 to 3%. Time course analysis of 3% DSS revealed macrophages to be the first responders, followed by CD25+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Worsening of the disease corresponded to a progressive increase in pro-inflammatory colonic factors and histological damage, except at day 8. Lower levels of CD25+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in MLN and/or spleen suggest an immune cell tropism to the gut. In the second study, TUS attenuated DSS induced colitis through amelioration of clinical symptoms, histological damage and colon shortening. Proteomic colon analysis demonstrated an antiinflammatory profile during the injury phase (D0-7), whilst inducing an early resolution of the disease during the recovery phase (D8-14). TUS decreased CD8+ and normalized CD25+ T cell levels in the gut. Splenectomized animals demonstrated no improved clinical and pathological outcomes, and a7nAChR KO mice presented with worsening of the disease. Furthermore, there were increased levels of F4/80+a7nAChR+ cells in the colon of 2% DSS WT mice under TUS treatment. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the severity of colitis is dependent on DSS concentration, correlated with clinical, proteomic and cellular immune responses on 3% DSS; and TUS significantly improved DSS-induced acute colitis presumably through stimulation of the VN and consequent activation of CAIP through the spleen.
Bassi, Gabriel Shimizu. "Estimulação vagal aferente e transcraniana reduzem a inflamação articular por meio de um arco neural central similar dependente do aumento da atividade simpática: o papel fundamental do lócus cerúleos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17147/tde-06012017-165821/.
Texto completo da fonteThere is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis affecting over 1% of the world population between 35 e 65 years old suffering chronic inflammation causing pain, swelling, stiffness, degeneration e joint deformities. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are expensive e immunosuppressive, increasing the risk of severe infections e malignancies. Here, we analyzed the potential of the vagus nerve to control experimental arthritic inflammation. Our results indicate that the afferent vagus nerve controls arthritic joint inflammation by activating specific sympatho-excitatory brain areas, such as the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) e the locus coeruleus (LC). PVN or LC stimulation decreased articular inflammation, but only LC integrity was necessary for vagal control of arthritic inflammation. Cortical electrical stimulation above the parietal cortex activated LC e PVN, mimicked vagal activation but induced a better control of arthritic joint inflammation. These results suggest a neuroimmune brain map to control side-specific lateral arthritic joint inflammation without noticeable side effects.
Rocha, Juraci Aparecida. "Interação da atividade autonômica e resposta imunomoduladora na fase aguda do infarto do miocárdio experimental". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-22012014-122449/.
Texto completo da fonteINTRODUTION: The role of the parasympathetic nervous system in immune cells is known as \"Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway\". In previous work has demonstrated that vagal stimulation reduces inflammation and improves survival in experimental sepsis models. The aim of the present study evalued the use of anticholinesterase pyridostigmine: change the number of T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) conventional (CD25+Foxp3-) and regulatory (CD25+Foxp3+) in peripheral blood, spleen, and myocardium: modifies the concentration of cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, TNFalfa) in the myocardium, and influences ventricular function after experimental myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS: Adult male rats of Wistar strain, weighing between 200 and 250 g were divided into 3 groups of 20 animals each: control group (GC); untreated group without treatment (IC) and infarcted group treated with pyridostigmine (IP). Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was obtained with the technique of ligation of the left coronary artery, and the IP group received pyridostigmine dose of 40 mg/Kg/day in drinking water starting 4 days before the AMI. All animals underwent cannulation of the femoral artery on the day following AMI to record the blood pressure curves, and subsequent analysis of the components of heart rate variability (HRV), the time domain (SDNN and RMSSD) and frequency (components LF and HF), the echocardiografic study was performed on the second day after AMI. On the third day post-MI, mice were divided into subgroups of 10 animals, and were sacrificed in order to collet specific materials: 500 ul of fresh peripheral blood and spleen technique for performing flow cytometry left ventricle for measurement of cytokine ELISA, and the left ventricle to perform immunohistochemistry. Techniques used were standardized and commonly used in laboraties. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) multifactorial, using the GraphPad Prism with Tukey post hoc test RESULTS: The HF group compared to the control group showed a significant drop in blood pressure and increased heart rate. The IP group compared to the IC group showed higher vagal activity, characterized by a significant reduction in HR and increase HVR (SDNN, 9.2 ± 1.5 vs 5.2 ± 0.5, p < 0.05). The echocardiography parameters evaluated showed presence of area hypo/acinetic and reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle in infracted groups of equal magnitude. Regarding the number of T lymphocytes, we found that the IC group compared with the control group showed significantly fewer lymphocytes regulators (CD25+Foxp3+) in peripheral blood (CD4+:63.5 ± 1.4 vs 70.6 ± 3.2% and CD8+ cells: 68.3 ± 1.9 vs 76.1 ± 2.8%). The IP group compared to the IC group showed a significant reduction in the number of conventional T lymphocytes in peripheral blood (CD4+:1.5 ± 0.2 vs 2.2 ± 0.2%; CD8+: 1.1 ± 0.1 vs 1.8 ± 0.9%) and was reduced only in the spleen of the type CD4+(1.4 ± 0.2 vs 2.2 ± 0,2%) with increased CD8+(1.2 ± 0.1 vs 0.7 ± 0.1%). The IP group also showed a significant increase of lymphocytes regulators (CD25+Foxp3+) in peripheral blood (CD4+: 76.5 ± 2.9 vs 63.5 ± 1.4%; CD8+:75.1 ± 1.0 vs 68.3 ± 1.9%), and no significant differences in the number of these cells in the spleen. The IC group compared to the control group showed significant labeling antibodies to CD4 and CD8 areas infarcted and peri-infarction by immunohistochemical analysis. The IP group compared to the IC group showed a significant increase in CD4 (20.9 ± 6.5 vs 12.2 ± 2.5, p < 0.05) and CD8 (17.9 ± 2.8 vs 5.8 ± 1.1%, p < 0.05) in the infarcted area, and we observed a significant reduction in the labeling of CD4 (6.0 ± 1.2 vs 12.5± 4.8) in the peri-infraction without significant changes in the marking of CD8. CONCLUSION: The treatment with pyridostigmine in rats with acute myocardial infarction is associated with increased vagal activity, increased number of regulatory lymphocytes (CD25+Foxp3+) in peripheral blood and increased mobilization of inflammatory cells (CD4 and CD8) to the infarcted myocardium, with reduction of these cells in the peri-infarction. The change of the inflammatory profile due to increased vagal activity may be a possible mechanism to explain the benefits in the evolution of myocardial infarction, especially in the improvement of cardiac remodeling and maintenance of ventricular function with anticholinesterase drugs
Lubaczeuski, Camila. "Participação do sistema nervoso parassimpático no metabolismo energético e na proliferação celular em ilhotas pancreáticas de ratos obesos-MSG". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/627.
Texto completo da fonteThe growing number of overweight and obesity has led to an increase in the number of patients with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus type 2. MSG obese rats were glucose intolerant, insulin resistant and theirs pancreatic islets secrete more insulin in response to glucose. Subdiafragmatic vagotomy changes the response of islets to glucose and improves glucose homeostasis, supporting the hypothesis that an unbalance of autonomic nervous system with increased parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) action but a decreased sympathetic nervous system function. Studies showed that the PNS is also involved in β-cell proliferation. Therefore, we investigated of PNS participation, using a subdiafragmatic vagal denervation, upon pancreatic β-cell function and mass regulation, and the body glucose control disruption in MSG-obese rats. For this, Male Wistar rats received during the first five days of life monosodium glutamate (MSG) or saline. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was performed at 30 days of life. At 90 days of age, we verified static insulin secretion, pancreas morphometric, ERK expression in islets, glucose homeostasis and lipidis. The MSG treatment caused obesity at 90 days of life. MSG rats presented lower body weight and nasoanal length, increased Lee index and fat depots, normoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance when compared to CTL. Vagotomy performed at 30-days of age prevented obesity, fat deposition in the liver and ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in adult MVAG rats in relation to MSG rats. Islets from MSG rats secreted more insulin at stimulatory glucose concentrations than CTL islets. Histological analysis showed that pancreatic islets from MSG rats were lower with a reduction in β-cell area without modification in α-cell content when compared with CTL. Also, MSG group presented an increased number of pancreatic islets per mm2, with higher number of islets, which may contributes to the higher islet and β-cell relative mass in the MSG pancreas. These effects were associated with enhanced proliferation in MSG group. The number of MVAG pancreatic islet were less than MSG. Vagotomoy performed at 30-days of age, reduced islet and β-cell area in the pancreas from 90-days old CVAG rats. Finally, the relative islet and β-cell mass in MVAG and CVAG rats was similar to CTL. Here we verified if ERK was involved in β-cell replication in MSG rats, but presented no alteration. We demonstrate for the first time that adult MSG rats showed enhanced pancreatic β-cell proliferation which contributes to the higher islet insulin secretion in response to glucose. The vagus nerve is the main factor involved in such a process, since vagotomy performed at 30 days of age prevented islet morphological alterations in adult MVAG rats. Possibly this increase PNS activity in MSG endocrine pancreas is responsible to hyperinsulinemia that enhanced fat storage, damaged glucose homeostasis and insulin action in MSG obesity.
O crescente número de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade tem levado ao aumento no número de pacientes com resistência à insulina (RI) e portadores do Diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Ratos obesos MSG são intolerantes à glicose (Gli), RI e suas ilhotas pancreáticas secretam mais insulina em resposta à concentrações de Gli. A vagotomia subdiafragamática altera a responsividade das ilhotas à Gli e melhora a homeostase glicêmica nestes animais, sugerindo um desbalanço do sistema nervoso autonômico, com aumento do tônus parassimpático e redução do simpático. Estudos demonstram que o sistema nervoso parassimpático (SNP) possui efeito na proliferação das células β-pancreáticas. Desta forma, investigamos a participação do SNP, através da vagotomia subdiafragmática, no metabolismo energético e na proliferação das ilhotas e de células β-pancreáticas de ratos obesos-MSG. Para isto, ratos Wistar machos receberem durante os cinco primeiros dias de vida glutamato monossódico (grupo MSG) ou salina (grupo CTL). A vagotomia subdiafragmática foi realizada aos 30 dias de vida formando os grupos MVAG e CVAG. Aos 90 dias, verificamos a secreção estática de insulina, homeostase glicêmica e lipídica, morfometria do pâncreas e conteúdo proteico da ERK nas ilhotas. Ratos MSG apresentaram redução do peso corporal e comprimento nasoanal, aumento do índice de Lee e acúmulo de gordura, normoglicêmia, hiperinsulinemia, dislipidemia, intolerância à Gli e RI comparados aos CTL. A vagotomia realizada aos 30 dias de vida preveniu obesidade, acúmulo de gordura no fígado e melhorou a tolerância à Gli e a sensibilidade à insulina em ratos MVAG adultos em relação aos ratos MSG. As ilhotas dos animais MSG secretaram mais insulina quando estimulada pela Gli, em relação aos animais CTL. As análises histológicas mostram que as ilhotas pancreáticas dos animais MSG são menores com redução da área das células β sem alteração nas células α em relação aos CTL. O grupo MSG apresenta um aumento do número das ilhotas por mm2, que pode estar contribuindo com o aumento da massa relativa das ilhotas e das células β. Esse efeito está associado ao aumento da proliferação no grupo MSG. O número de ilhotas foi menor nos MVAG em relação aos MSG. A vagotomia realizada aos 30 dias de vida reduziu a área das ilhotas e das células β aos 90 dias de vida nos animais CVAG. Finalmente, a massa relativa das ilhotas e da células β no MVAG e CVAG foram similares ao CTL. Verificamos se a ERK estava envolvida na proliferação das células β nos ratos MSG, porém não apresentaram alterações desta proteína. Pela primeira vez demonstramos que ratos MSG apresentam aumento da proliferação das células β que contribui com o aumento da secreção de insulina em resposta à Gli. O nervo vago é o principal fator envolvido neste processo, visto que a vagotomia realizada aos 30 dias de vida preveniu as alterações morfológicas das ilhotas nos ratos MVAG adultos.
Nogueira, Monica Paschoal. "Efeito da descompressão limitada do nervo fibular após a osteotomia em varo da tíbia proximal: estudo em cadáveres". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-19032007-123843/.
Texto completo da fonteNerve injuries are complications often observed in lengthening and deformity correction in lower limbs. The peroneal nerve stretch lesions can be treated by slowing the rate of distraction or deformity correction or by surgical decompression, as demonstrated by clinical studies. This surgery proved to be very efficient to treat these lesions, but the amount of reduction of the nerve tension was not quantified. This study aims to measure the variation of the tension in the peroneal nerve (after varus osteotomy in the proximal tibia and after surgical decompression). The decompression is performed in two levels considered anatomically important to the increase of the nerve tension: the superficial and deep peroneus longus muscle fasciae, and the anterior intramuscular septum. The nerve tension was measured through a device developed to apply traction in the nerve perpendiculary to its axis, and capture the nerve reaction with a force transducer. It was then possible to plot a graphic of force by deformation that showed an accomodation phase followed by a linear segment. This region of the curve allowed to obtain the rigidity values in the three situations: pre varus osteotomy, after varus osteotomy and after peroneal nerve decompression. The values obtained in seven cadavera (fourteen lower limbs) were statistically treated by the multiple variance analysis. The results showed there was a significative increase of tension (p = 0.0002) after the osteotomy and varus positioning, and an also significant decrease (p = 0.0003) after peroneal nerve decompression at the level of the fibular neck. It was also observed no significative difference between the values obtained in the beginning of the experiment (pre varus osteotomy) if compared with the values obtained after nerve decompression (p= 0.3666).
Alves, Ceres Luciana. "Estudo comparativo da ação da saliva de triatomíneos (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) e do predador Belostoma anurum (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) sobre as preparações de nervo isolado de Rattus novergicus e de vaso dorsal de Rhodnius prolixus". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SAGF-765K4Z.
Texto completo da fonteCosta, Mariana Reis Correia da. ""Tratamento de Epilepsia Refractária à Medicação através da Estimulação do Nervo Vago-análise Custo-Benefício". Dissertação, 2011. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/66328.
Texto completo da fonteCosta, Mariana Reis Correia da. ""Tratamento de Epilepsia Refractária à Medicação através da Estimulação do Nervo Vago-análise Custo-Benefício". Master's thesis, 2011. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/66328.
Texto completo da fonteGaboleiro, Filipe Alexandre de Magalhães. "Vagus nerve stimulation and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) : a systematic review". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/47781.
Texto completo da fonteObjetivo: Determinar a taxa de incidência de morte súbita e inesperada na epilepsia (SUDEP) em doentes tratados com estimulação do nervo vago (VNS) e compará-la com a taxa descrita em outras populações de pacientes com epilepsia refratária. Métodos: Realizámos uma pesquisa sistemática das bases de dados PubMed MEDLINE e Cochrane Library com palavras-chave relacionadas com os termos SUDEP, VNS e epilepsy. Artigos que reportassem o seguimento clínico de doentes com VNS ou a ocorrência de SUDEP foram selecionados. Esta pesquisa gerou 29 estudos. A informação relevante de cada artigo foi extraída e agregada de forma a calcular a taxa de incidência combinada de SUDEP total, incluindo as definitivas, prováveis e possíveis, e a taxa de SUDEP definitiva/provável, usando um modelo de efeito randomizado com uma correção de continuidade de 0,25. Resultados: Um total de 289657,97 anos de doente, 3779 mortes e 673 eventos SUDEP (129 dos quais considerados definitivos ou prováveis) foram analisados. Uma taxa de incidência combinada de SUDEP total de 2,27/1000py (95% CI 2,10-2,44) foi calculada. A taxa de incidência combinada de SUDEP definitiva e provável foi de 0,37/1000py (95% CI 0,30-0,44), e de 1,27/1000py (95% CI 0,60-1,96) quando excluído o estudo mais heterogéneo. Conclusões: A incidência de SUDEP em doentes com epilepsia refratária tratados com VNS é inferior à de doentes com epilepsia refratária referenciados para cirurgia e semelhante à observada em outras abordagens de neuroestimulação para doentes com epilepsia refratária, como a estimulação cerebral profunda do núcleo anterior do tálamo ou neuroestimulação responsiva. A terapêutica com VNS deve ser considerada nestes doentes não só pela sua eficácia comprovada no controlo de crises, mas também pelo seu impacto na taxa de incidência de SUDEP.
Objective: To determine the incidence rate of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in patients treated with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and to compare it with the incidence rate described in other epileptic populations. Methods: A systematic literature search of the PubMed MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases was performed using keywords related to SUDEP, VNS and epilepsy. Articles reporting follow-up of VNS patients or SUDEP events in this population were selected. This search yielded 29 studies. Each article’s relevant information was extracted and pooled in order to determine the pooled incidence rate of all SUDEP, including definite, probable and possible SUDEP, and the definite/probable SUDEP rate, using a random effect model with a continuity correction of 0,25. Results: A sum of 289657,97 patient years, 3779 deaths and 673 SUDEP events (129 which deemed definite or probable) was analysed. A pooled all SUDEP incidence rate of 2,27/1000py (95% CI 2,10-2,44) was calculated. The pooled definite and probable SUDEP rate was 0,37/1000py (95% CI 0,30-0,44), and 1,27/1000py (95% CI 0,60-1,96) when excluding the most heterogenous study. Conclusions: SUDEP rate in patients undergoing VNS therapy for refractory epilepsy is lower than refractory epilepsy patients referred for surgery, and similar to other neurostimulation interventions for refractory epilepsy patients, like deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamic nucleus and responsive neurostimulation. VNS treatment must be considered in these patients, not only for its proven efficacy in seizure control but also due to improvement in SUDEP rates.
"Efeito da descompressão limitada do nervo fibular após a osteotomia em varo da tíbia proximal: estudo em cadáveres". Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-19032007-123843/.
Texto completo da fonte