Bibliografias temáticas / Neurones NPY

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Neurones NPY"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 2 de novembro de 2024
Última modificação: 19 de julho de 2025

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Neurones NPY"

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Williams, Gareth, Joanne A. Harrold, and David J. Cutler. "The hypothalamus and the regulation of energy homeostasis: lifting the lid on a black box." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 3 (2000): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000434.

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The hypothalamus is the focus of many peripheral signals and neural pathways that control energy homeostasis and body weight. Emphasis has moved away from anatomical concepts of ‘feeding’ and ‘satiety’ centres to the specific neurotransmitters that modulate feeding behaviour and energy expenditure. We have chosen three examples to illustrate the physiological roles of hypothalamic neurotransmitters and their potential as targets for the development of new drugs to treat obesity and other nutritional disorders. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is expressed by neurones of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (A
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Adams, Eric F., Maria S. Venetikou, Christine A. Woods, S. Lacoumenta, and J. M. Burrin. "Neuropeptide Y directly inhibits growth hormone secretion by human pituitary somatotropic tumours." Acta Endocrinologica 115, no. 1 (1987): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1150149.

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Abstract. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide, widely distributed throughout the brain and is found in hypothalamic neurones. This latter finding suggests that NPY may possess a hypophysiotropic function. A number of studies have demonstrated effects of NPY on LH and GH secretion by rat pituitary cells. We report here the results of experiments investigating the effects of NPY on GH secretion by tumorous human somatotropic pituitary cells in culture. NPY (0.25–25 nmol/l) inhibited GH secretion by 20–53%, the maximal effect depending upon the tumour studied. The potency of NPY was l
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Gładysz, A., P. Krejci, J. Simůnek, and J. Polkowska. "Effects of central infusions of neuropeptide Y on the somatotropic axis in sheep fed on two levels of protein." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 61, no. 4 (2001): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2001-1401.

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Effects of infusions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) into 3rd ventricle of growing sheep fed on diets containing restricted (R) or elevated (E) levels of protein on the immunoreactive (ir) somatostatin neurones, ir somatotrophs, growth hormone (GH) concentration in the blood plasma were studied. The long-term restriction of protein in the diet elicited: enhancing irSS content in periventricular perikarya; diminishing irSS stores in the median eminence and elevating the number ir somatotrophs and content of irGH. NPY infusions enhanced the content of irSS in perikarya in sheep fed on E diet and diminis
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Sienkiewicz, W., A. Chrószcz, A. Dudek, M. Janeczek, and J. Kaleczyc. "Caudal mesenteric ganglion in the sheep – macroanatomical and immunohistochemical study." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 2 (2015): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2015-0049.

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Abstract The caudal mesenteric ganglion (CaMG) is a prevetrebral ganglion which provides innervation to a number of organs in the abdominal and pelvic cavity. The morphology of CaMG and the chemical coding of neurones in this ganglion have been described in humans and many animal species, but data on this topic in the sheep are entirely lacking. This prompted us to undertake a study to determine the localization and morphology of sheep CaMG as well as immunohistochemical properties of its neurons. The study was carried out on 8 adult sheep, weighing from 40 to 60 kg each. The sheep were deeply
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Károly, Norbert, Endre Dobó, and András Mihály. "Comparative immunohistochemical study of the effects of pilocarpine on the mossy cells, mossy fibres and inhibitory neurones in murine dentate gyrus." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 75, no. 2 (2015): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2015-2030.

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Treatment with pilocarpine (PILO) induces variable degrees of loss of mossy cells (MCs) and mossy fibre (MF) sprouting in rodents, the relationships of which have not been examined in individual animals. Our aim was to test whether the loss of MCs and MF sprouting are coupled processes in PILO-treated rodents. Animals which exhibited intense PILO-induced convulsions for at least 30 min were used in this study. After a 2-month survival period, the incidence of epileptic seizures was checked individually by neuropeptide-Y (NPY) immunohistochemistry, and the numbers of MCs were counted by means o
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Chan, Y. Y., D. K. Clifton, and R. A. Steiner. "Role of NPY Neurones in GH-Dependent Feedback Signalling to the Brain." Hormone Research 45, no. 1 (1996): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000184820.

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Joly, A., R. Denis, J. Castel, R. Palmiter, C. Magnan, and S. Luquet. "O35 Rôle des Neurones NPY/AgRP dans le contrôle de la balance énergétique." Diabetes & Metabolism 36 (March 2010): A10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(10)70039-2.

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Brooks, P. A., J. S. Kelly, J. M. Allen, D. A. S. Smith, and T. W. Stone. "Direct excitatory effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on rat hippocampal neurones in vitro." Brain Research 408, no. 1-2 (1987): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(87)90391-x.

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le Roux, C. W., and S. R. Bloom. "Peptide YY, appetite and food intake." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 64, no. 2 (2005): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2005427.

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Obesity is taking on pandemic proportions. The laws of thermodynamics, however, remain unchanged, as energy will be stored if less energy is expended than consumed; the storage is usually in the form of adipose tissue. Several neural, humeral and psychological factors control the complex process known as appetite. Recently, a close evolutionary relationship between the gut and brain has become apparent. The gut hormones regulate important gastrointestinal functions such as motility, secretion, absorption, provide feedback to the central nervous system on availability of nutrients and may play
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Håkansson, Marie-Louise, Anna-Lena Hulting, and Björn Meister. "Expression of leptin receptor mRNA in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus - relationship with NPY neurones." NeuroReport 7, no. 18 (1996): 3087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199611250-00059.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Neurones NPY"

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King, Peter John. "The study of NPY neurones in the rat hypothalamus." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367248.

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Leclerc, Clémence. "Caractérisation multiparamétrique des neurones du hilus du gyrus denté chez la souris." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833326.

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Dans le hilus du gyrus denté de l'hippocampe, les cellules moussues excitatrices et les interneurones GABAergiques constituent des acteurs clés du réseau. Cependant, en raison en partie de leur grande diversité, la fonction des interneurones GABAergiques du hilus dans la physiologie du gyrus denté reste peu détaillée. Nous avons utilisé des souris transgéniques GAD67-GFP, exprimant la GFP sous le contrôle du promoteur de la GAD67, et évalué les densités de neurones GABAergiques marqués pour la Calretinine (CR), Parvalbumine (PV), Somatostatine (SOM), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) et l'oxyde nitrique sy
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Fioramonti, Xavier. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation de neurones sensibles au glucose dans le noyau arqué de souris : approche in vitro par électrophysiologie et étude in vivo." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30139.

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Le glucose, en plus d'être un substrat métabolique, agit en tant que molécule informative en modulant l'activité de certains neurones dits " sensibles au glucose ". Nos enregistrements électrophysiologiques menés dans le noyau arqué de souris montrent que 4 sous-populations de neurones sont présentes dans ce noyau. Les neurones dits GE et GI sont respectivement excités et inhibés par une hypoglycémie (5-0 mM de glucose) ; les neurones HGE et HGI sont respectivement excités et inhibés par une hyperglycémie (5-20 mM de glucose). Nous avons entrepris de déterminer la nature des ces neurones sensi
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Mounien, Lourdes. "Etude du rôle des neurones à POMC du noyau arqué dans le contrôle de la prise alimentaire : Relations avec les systèmes neuropeptidergiques à NPY et à PACAP." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES018.

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La prise alimentaire est soumise à des processus de régulation complexes dans lesquels interviennent de nombreux neuropeptides hypothalamiques. Parmi eux, le neuropeptide Y (NPY) exerce un puissant effet orexigène alors que les mélanocortines, issues du clivage protéolytique de la proopiomélanocortine (POMC), et le pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) diminuent la prise de nourriture. L'objectif de notre étude a été de déterminer les relations neuroanatomiques et fonctionnelles entre les neurones synthétisant la POMC dans le noyau arqué (NA) hypothalamique et les systèmes
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Qu, Mengdi. "Molecular mechanism underlying CaMK1D-dependent function in AgRP neurons." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ029.

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La perturbation des mécanismes de réponse au stress chez les organismes peut entraîner une dysfonction cellulaire et des maladies telles que le syndrome métabolique. L'équilibre énergétique est principalement régulé par le système nerveux central (SNC), qui intègre des signaux hormonaux, neuronaux et alimentaires provenant de divers tissus. Une dysfonction de ce système est liée à l'obésité et au syndrome métabolique, qui sont tous deux des précurseurs du diabète de type 2 (T2D). Notre laboratoire a découvert que la protéine kinase ID dépendante du calcium/calmoduline (CaMK1D), un gène associé
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Joly, Aurélie. "Rôle du système nerveux dans le développement du syndrôme métabolique : étude de l'effet du glucose portal sur la sensibilité à l'insuline chez le rat : implication des neurones NPY/AgRP dans le contrôle de la balance énergétique chez la souris." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077091.

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Le système nerveux central (SNC) intègre en permanence des signaux périphériques tels que les variations de concentration en hormones et en nutriments, et module en réponse le comportement alimentaire ainsi que la dépense énergétique et le métabolisme. Au niveau du noyau arqué de l'hypothalamus, la barrière hématoencéphalique est plus perméable, ce qui lui confère un rôle de premier ordre dans l'intégration des signaux périphériques. Les neurones du noyau arqué de l'hypothalamus qui sécrètent le neuropeptide Y et l'Agouti Related Protein (NPY/AgRP) sont impliqués dans la stimulation de la pris
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Lapray, Miroslawa. "Role of intercalated and NPY-expressing cells in neuronal circuit of the amygdala." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:91017ce3-7c42-4310-94fb-be659ec2e52e.

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Local inhibitory microcircuit of amygdala is an active component in processing emotional information. Despite prominent evidence of its importance, our understanding of GABAergic cell types, their connectivity and role in amygdala network is limited. The aim of this thesis is to understand connectivity and physiology of two specific components of GABAergic microcircuit of amygdala: so-called intercalated cells and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expressing interneurons. Intercalated cells (ITCs) of the amygdala are clusters of GABAergic neurons that surround the basolateral complex of amygdala (BLA). The
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St-Pierre, Jacques-André. "Cellular and pharmacological characterization of NPY YI receptor expression in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36838.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors are concentrated in the hippocampal formation where they modulate cognitive functions and seizures. The cellular mechanisms underlying the physiological roles of NPY in the hippocampus are still rather elusive. Cultured hippocampal cells offer a simple model to study the expression of hippocampal NPY receptor subtypes and their respective cellular distribution.<br>The present thesis examines the presence of NPY receptors in primary dissociated hippocampal cells in culture using a combination of molecular, pharmacological and immunocytochemical approaches.
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Thiaw, Lamine Madani Kurosh. "Identification de systèmes dynamiques non-linéaires par réseaux de neurones et multimodèles." S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0407109.pdf.

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Idoux, Erwin. "Propriétés électrophysiologiques intrinsèques et modélisation des neurones responsables de l'intégration mathématique dans le noyau prepositus hypoglossi." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066030.

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Cette thèse concerne les mécanismes neuronaux impliqués dans l’intégration mathématique d’un signal de vitesse en signal de position. Dans le cadre du contrôle des mouvements horizontaux de l’œil, cette intégration est réalisée par les neurones du noyau prepositus hypoglossi (nNPH). Les nNPH ont été classés, selon leur profil électrophysiologique, en 3 types (A, B et D) et modélisés. Contrairement aux neurones de type A et B présents aussi dans les noyaux vestibulaires médian et latéral, les neurones de type D sont spécifiques du NPH et leur potentiel de membrane présente des oscillations. De
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Livros sobre o assunto "Neurones NPY"

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Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Abacus, 1999.

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Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Warner Books, 1997.

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Bushnell, Candace. Sexo en Nueva York. Debolsillo, 2008.

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Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Warner Books, 2001.

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Bushnell, Candace. Seks v Bolʹshom gorode. Tornton i Sagden, 2003.

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Bushnell, Candace. Sex v bolʹshom gorode. Izd-vo "AST", 2008.

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Bushnell, Candace. Sexo en Nueva York. Debolsillo, 2008.

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8

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Abacus, 1997.

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9

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. ISIS, 2004.

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Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Neurones NPY"

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Swistowski, Andrzej, and Xianmin Zeng. "Directed Differentiation of Human NSC/NPC into Dopaminergic Neurons." In Neural Stem Cell Assays. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118308295.ch9.

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MELNYK, I., N. PRONCHUK, and W. COLMERS. "NEURONAL CORRELATES FOR THE DEVELOPMENTAL INCREASE OF ANOREXIGENIC DRIVE IN EARLY ONTOGENESIS OF RATS." In ESSAYS ON NEUROPHYSIOLOGY BY PLATON KOSTYUK AND HIS STUDENTS. AKADEMPERIODYKA, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15407/biph.books.essneur.184.

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The developmental increase in anorexigenic drive in early ontogenesis of rats is linked to changes in hypothalamic neuronal circuits. In contrast to adults, young postnatal rats show an underdeveloped anorexigenic system due to the immaturity of arcuate nucleus (ARC) projections. Patch-clamp recordings in hypothalamic slices revealed that neurosecretory parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) undergo significant developmental changes in their responsiveness to anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides. While neuropeptide Y (NPY) remains functionally active from postnatal day (PD) 2, the sensitivity to α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) emerges later. Immunostaining indicated a progressive increase in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expression, suggesting a key role in the maturation of anorexigenic circuits. The developmental increase in the number of α-MSH-sensitive GABAergic synapses and CRH-positive neurons may contribute to the regulatory mechanisms underlying appetite suppression in early ontogenesis. These findings also provide insights into the inefficiency of leptin signaling in neonatal life.
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Wong, Agnes. "Ocular Motor Disorders Caused by Lesions in the Cerebellum." In Eye Movement Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195324266.003.0018.

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The vestibulocerebellum consists of the flocculus, ventral paraflocculus, nodulus, and uvula. ■ The flocculus receives inputs from the vestibular nucleus and nerve, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), inferior olivary nucleus, cell groups of the paramedian tracts (PMT), nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP), and mesencephalic reticular formation. ■ The ventral paraflocculus receives inputs from contralateral pontine nuclei. ■ Project to ipsilateral superior and medial vestibular nuclei, and the y-group ■ Receive input from the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei, vestibular nerve, NPH, and inferior olivary nucleus ■ Project to the vestibular nuclei ■ The oculomotor vermis consists of parts of the declive, folium, tuber, and pyramis. ■ Receives inputs from the inferior olivary nucleus, vestibular nuclei, NPH, paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), NRTP, and dorsolateral and dorsomedial pontine nuclei ■ Projects to the caudal fastigial nucleus ■ Stimulation of the Purkinje cells in the dorsal vermis elicits contralaterally directed saccades and smooth pursuit ■ Receives inputs from the dorsal vermis, inferior olivary nucleus, and NRTP ■ Decussates and projects via the uncinate fasciculus of the brachium conjunctivum to the contralateral PPRF, rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, nucleus of the posterior commissure, omnipause neurons in nucleus raphe interpositus, the mesencephalic reticular formation, and superior colliculus ■ Neurons in the fastigial oculomotor region (FOR) fire during both ipsilateral and contralateral saccades. 1. The contralateral FOR neurons burst before the onset of saccade, and the onset of firing is not correlated with any property of the saccade. 2. Conversely, the time of onset for neurons in the ipsilateral FOR varies, with bursts occurring later for larger saccades. 3. Thus, the difference in time of onset between contralateral and ipsilateral FOR activity encodes the amplitude of saccades (i.e., the larger the difference in time of onset, the larger the saccade amplitude). Eye movement abnormalities in uncinate fasciculus lesion include hypometric ipsilesional saccades and hypermetric contralesional saccades (“contrapulsion”). Arnold-Chiari malformation is a malformation of the medullary–spinal junction with herniation of intracranial contents through the foramen magnum. The three types are illustrated in the figure below.
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Morello, Roy, Jennifer N. Lennington,, and Brendan Lee. "LMX1B and the Nail Patella Syndrome." In Inborn Errors Of Development. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195306910.003.0082.

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Abstract Nail patella syndrome (NPS) is a dominantly inherited skeletal malformation syndrome. Patients have characteristic features including nail and patella hypoplasia, elbow and knee deformities, nephropathy, and ocular defects. The condition is characterized by high penetrance, variable expressivity, and signi)cant intrafamilial variability. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. Morbidity is associated with functional limitations caused by joint abnormalities, risk of developing nephrotic syndrome [which may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD)], and risk of developing glaucoma and ocular hypertension. NPS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the LIM homeodomain (LHX) transcription factor LMX1B. LMX1B speci)es a transcriptional network important in pattern formation of the limb as well as cell maturation and differentiation in both the kidney and the central nervous system (CNS). In the limb, LMX1B is a unique mesenchymal determinant of dorsal cell fate. In the kidney, it regulates podocyte-speci)c expression of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) type IV collagen. Moreover, it speci)es morphogenesis of secondary foot processes and directs the expression of unique components of a specialized cell–cell adhesion complex, the slit diaphragm. Finally, it has important roles during CNS formation, including the survival of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, the development of all serotonergic neurons, and the differentiation of periocular mesenchyme. The pathogenesis of NPS re%ects a loss of dorsal speci)cation of soft tissues of the limb and disrupted proliferation of anterior relative to posterior skeletal elements. The nephropathy arises in part owing to an architectural defect in a primary component of the )ltration barrier of the kidney, the GBM. Glaucoma is likely secondary to anterior segment dysgenesis in the eye. How the function of LMX1B in other developmental programs impacts the pathogenesis of the NPS phenotype is still unclear.
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Mishra, Shruti, Dharmaraj Senthilkumar, and Vivek Kumar Yadav. "Current Perspectives of Nanotherapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease." In Applications of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815256505124010010.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent irreversible neurodegenerative disorders, contributing to approximately 50-80% of all reported cases worldwide. The majority of current treatment strategies for AD only provide symptomatic treatment. The inability of existing medications to penetrate the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) is a major challenge in treating AD. The application of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems is categorized by potential medicines designed to penetrate the BBB and improve drug targeting for neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) treatment. Nanotechnology offers a wide range of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems with minimal systemic side effects. Nano-based gene delivery vehicles and nanocarriers such as neurotrophic factors effectively improve neuronal survival and synaptic connectivity. Thus, currently, they are being utilized as a popular therapeutic against various neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, nanotechnology has patented various novel nanostructures and developed several advanced formulations for the management and prevention of NDDs. Therefore, to combat neurodegenerative disorders, nanotechnology can be applied to neuroscience. Primary research on employing nanoparticles (NPs) to manage Alzheimer's disease has shown promising results, but additional studies are still required. In this chapter, we discuss the pathogenesis and causes of AD and also outline the role of NPs in the brain's microenvironment for treating Alzheimer's disease. Overall, this chapter focuses on newly investigated NP systems that provide unique ways of understanding AD pathophysiology and suggesting therapy to cure AD.
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Zheng, Jialin, Hui Peng, Jeremy Rose,, and Shelley Herek. "Neurogenesis and its links to brain development, developmental therapeutics, and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including HIV-1-associated dementia." In The Neurology of AIDS. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198526100.003.0022.

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Abstract Past studies have supported the concept that the adult mammalian brain is incapable of regeneration. Indeed, neurons are terminally differentiated cells incapable of mitosis and, until recently, a compensatory production of neural cells following brain injury was not recognized (Korr 1980; Sturrock 1982). However, research performed in the past decade unequivocally demonstrates that the adult human brain contains populations of dormant and proliferating late neural progenitor cells (NPC; Carpenter et al. 1999; Eriksson et al. 1998; Gould et al. 1998, 1999b; Kaplan and Bell 1984; Kirschenbaum and Goldman 1995; Palmer et al. 1997; Seri et al. 2001; Shimazaki et al. 2001; Shingo et al. 2001; Uchida et al. 2000; Weiss et al. 1996).
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Northoff, Georg. "Spatiotemporal Model of Consciousness II: Spatiotemporal Alignment—Neuro-ecological Continuum and World–Brain Relation." In The Spontaneous Brain. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262038072.003.0008.

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Consciousness is neuronal as it is based on the brain and its neural activity. This is what neuroscience tell us citing strong empirical evidence. At the same time, consciousness is ecological in that it extends beyond the brain to body and world – this is what philosophers tell us when they invoke concepts like embodiment, embeddedness, extendedness, and enactment. Is consciousness neuronal or ecological? This amounts to what I describe as “argument of inclusion”: do we need to include body and world in our account of the brain and how is that very same inclusion important for consciousness? I argue that the “spatiotemporal model” of consciousness can well address the “argument of inclusion” by linking and integrating both neuronal and ecological characterizations of consciousness. I demonstrate various data showing how the brain’s spontaneous activity couples and aligns itself to the spatiotemporal structure in the ongoing activities of both body and world. That amounts to a specific spatiotemporal mechanism of the brain that I describe as ‘spatiotemporal alignment’. Conceptually, such ‘spatiotemporal alignment’ corresponds to “body-brain relation” and “world-brain relation”, as I say. World-brain relation and body-brain relation allow for spatiotemporal relation and integration between the different spatiotemporal scales or ranges of world, body, and brain with all three being spatiotemporally aligned and nested within each other. Based on various empirical findings, I argue that such spatiotemporal nestedness between world, body, and brain establishes a “neuro-ecological continuum” and world-brain relation. Both neuro-ecological continuum and world-brain relation are here understood in an empirical sense and can be regarded as necessary condition of possible consciousness, i.e., neural predisposition of consciousness (NPC) (as distinguished from the neural correlates of consciousness/NCC). In sum, the spatiotemporal model determines consciousness by “neuro-ecological continuum” and world-brain relation (with body-brain relation being a subset). Taken in such sense, the spatiotemporal model can well address the “argument of inclusion”. We need to include body and world in our account of the brain in terms of “neuro-ecological continuum” and world-brain relation since otherwise, due to their role as NPC, consciousness remains impossible.
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González-Maciel, Angélica, Rafael Reynoso-Robles, Ricardo Torres-Jardón, Partha S. Mukherjee, and Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas. "Combustion-Derived Nanoparticles in Key Brain Target Cells and Organelles in Young Urbanites: Culprit Hidden in Plain Sight in Alzheimer’s Disease Development." In Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad210005.

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Millions of children and young adults are exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Mexico City (MC) children exhibit systemic and brain inflammation, low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42, breakdown of nasal, olfactory, alveolar-capillary, duodenal, and blood-brain barriers, volumetric and metabolic brain changes, attention and short-term memory deficits, and hallmarks of AD and Parkinson’s disease. Airborne iron-rich strongly magnetic combustion-derived nanoparticles (CDNPs) are present in young urbanites’ brains. Using transmission electron microscopy, we documented CDNPs in neurons, glia, choroid plexus, and neurovascular units of young MC residents versus matched clean air controls. CDNPs are associated with pathology in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs), axons,and dendrites. There is a significant difference in size and numbers between spherical CDNPs (&gt;85%) and the angular, euhedral endogenous NPs (&lt;15%). Spherical CDNPs (dogs 21.2 ± 7.1 nm in diameter versus humans 29.1 ± 11.2 nm, p = 0.002) are present in neurons, glia, choroid plexus, endothelium, nasal and olfactory epithelium, and in CSF at significantly higher in numbers in MC residents (p &lt; 0.0001). Degenerated MERCs, abnormal mitochondria, and dilated ER are widespread, and CDNPs in close contact with neurofilaments, glial fibers, and chromatin are a potential source for altered microtubule dynamics, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation and aggregation of unfolded proteins, abnormal endosomal systems, altered insulin signaling, calcium homeostasis, apoptotic signaling, autophagy, and epigenetic changes. Highly oxidative, ubiquitous CDNPs constitute a novel path into AD pathogenesis. Exposed children and young adults need early neuroprotection and multidisciplinary prevention efforts to modify the course of AD at early stages.
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Northoff, Georg. "Spatiotemporal Model of Consciousness I: Spatiotemporal Specificity and Neuronal-Phenomenal Correspondence." In The Spontaneous Brain. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262038072.003.0007.

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How and why can neural activity in general and specifically stimulus-induced activity be associated with consciousness? This is the central question in the present chapter. I suggest a Spatiotemporal model that conceives both brain and consciousness in predominantly Spatiotemporal terms rather than being based on specific contents and their neural processing by the brain. This amounts to a Spatiotemporal theory of consciousness (STC). I discuss two specific Spatiotemporal mechanisms that I deem relevant for consciousness. The first Spatiotemporal mechanism refers to “Spatiotemporal integration and nestedness” that describe how different frequencies/regions are coupled and linked, i.e., integrated, and subsequently contained, i.e., nested, with each other. Again, based on empirical findings, “Spatiotemporal integration and nestedness” may predispose the level/state of consciousness, i.e., NPC. The second Spatiotemporal mechanism consists in “Spatiotemporal expansion” that allows to expand the stimuli’ specific points in time and space beyond itself by the brain’s spontaneous activity and its spatiotemporal structure. Based on various empirical findings, I suggest “Spatiotemporal expansion” a sufficient neural condition of consciousness, i.e., a neural correlate of the content of consciousness (NCC). Both spatiotemporal mechanisms are specific in that they can distinguish consciousness and unconsciousness: there is “Spatiotemporal expansion” rather than “Spatiotemporal constriction” and there is “Spatiotemporal nestedness” rather than “Spatiotemporal isolation”. This illustrates the specificity of the Spatiotemporal mechanisms which argues against what can be described as “argument of non-specificity”. Moreover, the STC is based on Spatiotemporal mechanisms rather than mere Spatiotemporal features which renders our Spatiotemporal model non-trivial which can be put forward against what can be described as “argument of triviality”. Taken together, the Spatiotemporal model of consciousness as suggested in the STC is neither non-specific but specific in empirical terms nor trivial on conceptual-logical, phenomenal, and ontological grounds.
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Balin Brian J., Hammond Christine J., Little C. Scott, et al. "Chlamydia Pneumoniae as an Etiologic Agent for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease." In Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-706-1-41.

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Sporadic, late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is now the most common and severe form of dementia in the elderly. That dementia is thought to be a direct result of neuronal damage and loss associated with accumulations of abnormal protein deposits in the brain. Great strides have been made in the past 20 years with regard to understanding the pathological entities that arise in the AD brain, both for familial AD (~5% of all cases) and LOAD (~95% of all cases). The neuropathology observed includes: neuritic senile plaques (NSPs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuropil threads (NPs), and often deposits of cerebrovascular amyloid. Genetic, biochemical, and immunological analyses have provided a relatively detailed knowledge of these entities, but our understanding of the &amp;ldquo;trigger&amp;rdquo; events leading to the biological processes resulting in this pathology and neurodegeneration remains limited. For this reason, the etiology of AD, in particular LOAD, has remained elusive. However, a number of recent and ongoing studies have implicated infection in the etiology and pathogenesis of LOAD. This review focuses specifically on infection with Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae in LOAD and how this infection may function as a &amp;ldquo;trigger or initiator&amp;rdquo; in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Neurones NPY"

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Previtera, Michelle L., Mason Hui, Malav Desai, Devendra Verma, Rene Schloss, and Noshir A. Langrana. "Neuronal Precursor Cell Proliferation on Elastic Substrates." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53246.

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Numerous stem cells therapies have been studied for the replacement of damaged neurons due to spinal cord injury. Our laboratory’s goal is to design an implantable platform for spinal cord neuron (SCN) proliferation and differentiation in order to replace damaged neurons in the injured spinal cord. Based on previous literature, we suspect we can promote neuronal precursor cell (NPC) proliferation and differentiation utilizing elastic matrices.
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Kennedy, Lance, Issouf Kindo, and Arthur Choi. "On Training Neurons with Bounded Compilations." In 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/39.

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Knowledge compilation offers a formal approach to explaining and verifying the behavior of machine learning systems, such as neural networks. Unfortunately, compiling even an individual neuron into a tractable representation such as an Ordered Binary Decision Diagram (OBDD), is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we consider the problem of training a neuron from data, subject to the constraint that it has a compact representation as an OBDD. Our approach is based on the observation that a neuron can be compiled into an OBDD in polytime if (1) the neuron has integer weights, and (2) its aggregat
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Carstens, Niko, Matteo Mirigliano, Thomas Strunskus, et al. "Nanoparticles as building units for bio-inspired electronics –switching and sensing." In 11th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computing. Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/ic-ecco.2021/el.01.

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In this work, gas phase synthesis of NPs is applied as it offers the benefit of a high purity, surfactant free deposition that is compatible with a broad range of substrates. At the example of three fundamentally different NP assemblies it is showcased, how the unique properties of NPs make them promising building units for electronic devices with neuron-inspired functionalities.
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Agranat, A., C. F. Neugebauer, and Amnon Yariv. "Combined optical-microelectronic realization of neural network models." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.thj5.

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We describe a new generic approach for realizing neural network models. Schematically the basic system consists of a special purpose electronic integrated circuit—the neural processor (NP) and a 2-D spatial light modulator (SLM). The synaptic efficacies matrix is stored on the SLM and loaded in parallel into the NP. This is done by imaging the contents of the SLM onto an array detector which acts as the input unit of the NP. The NP processes the state of the network by using the synaptic efficacies supplied by the SLM. Several different architectures for the NP are described which enable the c
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Kreshchenko, N. D., and D. E. Mitkovskii. "THE PARTICIPATION OF NEUROPEPTIDE F IN THE INNERVATION OF FLATWORM MUSCULATE." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.221-225.

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Free-living flatworms, planarians, are often used as a biological model to study the morphogenesis and regeneration processes, as well as structure and function of their muscle system. In this study, the spatial relationships between musculature and the nervous system were examined in planarians Girardia tigrina (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes) using confocal laser scanning microscopy, histochemical staining of filamentous actin with fluorescently labelled phalloidin, and immunocytochemical staining of the nervous system with parasitic worm neuropeptide F antibodies. The body wall musculature co
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Wang, Yuan. "Estimation and Comparison of Linear Regions for ReLU Networks." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/492.

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We study the relationship between the arrangement of neurons and the complexity of the ReLU-activated neural networks measured by the number of linear regions. More specifically, we provide both theoretical and empirical evidence for the point of view that shallow networks tend to have higher complexity than deep ones when the total number of neurons is fixed. In the theoretical part, we prove that this is the case for networks whose neurons in the hidden layers are arranged in the forms of 1x2n, 2xn and nx2; in the empirical part, we implement an algorithm that precisely tracks (hence counts)
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Hanc, Pavel, Siyi Huang, and Ulrich H. von Andrian. "Abstract B159: Investigating the neuroimmune interaction between nociceptive neurons and dendritic cells." In Abstracts: Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 30 - October 3, 2018; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-b159.

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Kolmer, Haden P., Clark M. Cunningham, and Mohammed F. Al-Dushaishi. "ROP Optimization of Lateral Wells in SW Oklahoma: Artificial Neural Network Approach." In ASME 2022 Onshore Petroleum Technology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/optc2022-91464.

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Abstract Rate of Penetration (ROP) optimization has played a key role in the economic return and value of both onshore and offshore wells by decreasing drilling time thereby increasing the net present value (NPV) of the localized field. In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to accurately model the ROP of a well in SW Oklahoma to optimize the drilling process. A parametric study was conducted to showcase the effect of operational parameters on the ROP-ANN model and to minimize error and increase accuracy. The number of neurons and hidden layers within the model ar
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Chen, Changchang, Guodong Ji, Hongyuan Zhang, Yuqi Sun, Qiang Wu, and Zehao Lv. "LSTM Recurrent Neural Network Based Method for Identification of Drilling Operating Conditions and its Application." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0666.

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ABSTRACT: Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit underground operating conditions identification is one of the difficulties during the drilling operation. It is of great significant for the drilling improvement and accurate construction formation to accurately identify the complex operating conditions during drilling the operation such as PDC bit wearing and stick-slip vibration, etc. In this paper, data of relationship between torque, rate of penetration (ROP) signal and weight on bit (WOB), rev were obtained through lab simulation experiment, after which, a relationship database of torque
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