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Livros sobre o tema "Neurones NPY"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 2 de novembro de 2024

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1

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Abacus, 1999.

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2

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Warner Books, 1997.

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3

Bushnell, Candace. Sexo en Nueva York. Debolsillo, 2008.

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4

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Warner Books, 2001.

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5

Bushnell, Candace. Seks v Bolʹshom gorode. Tornton i Sagden, 2003.

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6

Bushnell, Candace. Sex v bolʹshom gorode. Izd-vo "AST", 2008.

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7

Bushnell, Candace. Sexo en Nueva York. Debolsillo, 2008.

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8

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Abacus, 1997.

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9

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. ISIS, 2004.

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10

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996.

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11

Bushnell, Candace. Seks w wielkim miescie. Zysk i S-ka, 2001.

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12

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Warner Books, 2006.

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13

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Warner Books, 1998.

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14

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city [French text]. Livre de Poche, 2000.

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15

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Warner Books, 1998.

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16

Wójcik-Gładysz, Anna. Ghrelin – hormone with many faces. Central regulation and therapy. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_awg_2020.

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Discovered in 1999, ghrelin, is one of the peptides co-creating the hypothalamicgastrointestinal axis, otherwise known as the brain-gut axis. Ghrelin participates in many physiological processes and spectrum of its activity is still being discovered. This 28 amino acid peptide ‒ a product of the ghrl gene, was found in all vertebrates and is synthesized and secreted mainly from enteroendocrine X/A cells located in the gastric mucosa of the stomach. Expression of the ghrelin receptor has been found in many nuclei of the hypothalamus involved in appetite regulation. Therefore it’s presumed that ghrelin is one of the crucial hormones deciphering the energy status required for the maintenance of organism homeostasis. Ghrelin acts as a signal of starvation or energy insufficiency and its level in plasma is reduced after the meal. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP; NPY/AgRP) neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) area are the main target of ghrelin in the hypothalamus. This subpopulation of neurons is indispensable for inducing orexigenic action of ghrelin. Moreover ghrelin acting as a neurohormone, mainly in the hypothalamus area, plays an important role in the regulation of growth and reproduction processes. Indeed, ghrelin action on reproductive processes has been observed in the systemic effects exerted at both hypothalamus-pituitary and gonadal levels. Similarly the GH-releasing ghrelin action was observed both on the hypothalamus level and directly on the somatotrophic cells in the pituitary and this dose-related GH releasing activity was found in in vitro as well as in in vivo experiments. In recent years, numerous studies revealed that ghrelin potentially takes part in the treatment of diseases associated with serious disturbances in the organism energy balance and/or functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It was underlined that ghrelin may be a hormone with a broad spectrum of therapeutic effect on obesity and anorexia nervosa, as well as may also have protective effect on neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory disorders or functional changes in the body caused by cancers. In overall, ghrelin treatment has been tested in over 100 preclinical studies with healthy volunteers as well as patients with various types of cancer, eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. It was observed that ghrelin has an excellent clinical safety profile and emerging side effects occurred only in 3–10% of patients and did not constitute a sufficient premise to discontinue the therapy. In general, it can be concluded that ghrelin may be sufficiently used as a prescription drug.

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17

White Star: A Novel. Simon & Schuster, 2012.

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18

(Narrator), David Purdham, ed. White Star. Audioworks, 1995.

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19

White star. Ulverscroft, 1997.

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20

White Star: A novel. Simon & Schuster, 1995.

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21

White star. Pocket Star Books, 1996.

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22

White Star. Pocket, 1996.

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23

White Star. Pocket, 1996.

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24

WHITE STAR. Simon and Schuster, 1995.

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25

Bushnell, C. Sex and the City B Pbp. Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 2001.

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26

Bushnell, Candace. Sexo en Nueva York. Plaza y Janes, 2002.

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27

Bushnell, C. Sex and the City B S/Wx12. Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 1997.

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28

Sexo en Nueva York. RBA Coleccionables, 2004.

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29

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Albin Michel, 1999.

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30

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Albin Michel, 2007.

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31

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Grand Central Publishing, 2006.

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32

Bushnell, Candace. Seks v bol'shom gorode. Gelios, 2004.

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33

Bushnell, Candace. Am Bett vorbei ist voll daneben. Europaverlag, 1997.

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34

Bushnell, Candace. Sexo en Nueva York. Plaza & Janes Editores, S.A., 2001.

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35

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Abacus, 2001.

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36

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Hachette Audio, 2000.

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37

Sex and the City. Albin Michel, 2002.

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38

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Time Warner, 2004.

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39

Sex and the City. Abacus, 2002.

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40

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Grand Central Publishing, 2006.

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41

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 2009.

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42

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the city. Everest, 2001.

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43

Bushnell, Candace. Sex & the City. Hachette Audio, 2008.

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44

Bushnell, Candace. Sex & the City. Hachette Audio, 2006.

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45

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Goldmann, 2001.

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46

Bushnell, Candace. Sexo en Nueva York. Debolsillo, 2008.

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47

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 1999.

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48

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Goldmann, 2003.

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49

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Abacus, 2006.

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50

Bushnell, Candace. Sex and the City. Grand Central Publishing, 2006.

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