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1
Surtees, Ruth Joy. "Midwifery as Feminist Praxis in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Human Development, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1662.
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This thesis highlights the ways in which the practices of contemporary midwives in
Aotearoa/New Zealand are caught within the intersection of an array of competing
discourses. The context for this is the reconstruction of midwifery in Aotearoa/New Zealand
as an autonomous feminist profession founded on partnership with women. Interviews and
participant observation with midwives, based mainly in one New Zealand city, are the basis of
an analysis of the complexity of midwives’ praxis as professionals. The analysis draws on
insights from critical and feminist approaches to Foucault’s theories of discourse, power and
the subject. It includes discussion of the conditions which came to produce and authorise the
concept of ‘partnership’. Which subjects can speak about partnership, and when? What claims
are made about it? What challenges it?
Partnerships between midwives and women are theorized in the thesis as highly complex and
contingent networks of strategic and productive relations. Differing sites of
practice/negotiations are analysed as spaces of/for governance. For midwives this negotiative
work takes place within the contested terrain of what is (re)constructed as ‘normal birth’. This
includes the provision of, or resistance to, epidural analgesia/certification and defensive
practice. These practices and knowledges are undertaken within professional discourses of
women’s/consumer choice and midwifery accountability. While midwifery’s theoretical and
emancipatory political projects are articulated as a counter discourse to medical hegemony,
some midwifery practices inadvertently re-inscribe pregnant/birthing bodies within medicolegal
frameworks. This is an outcome, not of the sovereign power of obstetrics over
women/midwives, but of attempts by midwives themselves to negotiate heterogeneous forms
of risk and keep birthing women, and their own practices, safe. Within these relationships and
practices of freedom, the midwife performs professionally to construct herself as what I call
an ‘auditable subject’. These processes produce self-regulation and the disciplinary
normalisation of midwives/midwifery. The technologies of the midwife/self occur within the
relations of ruling that render the pregnant/birthing bodies of women, and the labouring
bodies of midwives, increasingly amenable to subtle forms of liberal governance.
2
McKenzie, Kay Helen, and n/a. "Abused children in New Zealand/Aotearoa : presentation and investigation." University of Otago. Children's Issues Centre, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070430.162806.
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The overarching goal of the present research was to identify the interface between research and practice in the area of child-abuse investigation. The specific aims of the research were to explore how abused children present to investigators, to identify the characteristics of the children�s disclosures and the role of disclosure in the investigation, to establish the factors that influenced child-abuse investigators� decisions to interview children, and to make comparisons between sexually- and physically-abused children. Three hundred substantiated cases of child abuse (150 sexual-abuse and 150 physical-abuse investigations) investigated by the Department of Child, Youth and Family Services of New Zealand, prior to July 2001, were analysed.
Children were most often physically-abused by their biological parents, and mothers were marginally more often the abusers than were fathers. The most common indicators of physical abuse were children�s disclosures and physical injuries. Risk factors for physical abuse included living in two-parent households and being of Maori or Pacific Island ethnicity. Gender or age provided no protection from physical abuse. The families of the physically-abused children were characterised by family violence, substance abuse, neglect, and poor mental health. Adverse family circumstances restrained children from telling others about their physical abuse. Physically-abused children aged more than 7 were found to present with a range of problem behaviours and fears. Child-abuse investigators often tolerated physical assaults on children, particularly by mothers. Moreover, child-abuse investigators did not routinely interview physically-abused children or treat the abuse as a criminal matter, especially if there were complicating family dynamics.
Sexually-abused children were usually victimised by unrelated, known males, less often by male relatives, and infrequently by strangers, fathers, or step-fathers. One-third of the sexual abusers were aged less than 17, and over 40% of the young offenders were aged less than 12. As with adult sexual offenders, the child and teenage sexual offenders were predominantly male. Child-abuse investigators usually did not refer the young sexual offenders to the authorities for follow-up. Risk factors for sexual abuse included being female and living with a single parent. Social workers often did not meet with sexually-abused children, but instead usually referred them for a forensic interview. Social workers may not have explored issues related to the sexually-abused children�s behaviour or their families in the manner that they did for the physically-abused children.
In both physical- and sexual-abuse cases, social workers were more likely to take action if children had made clear disclosures of abuse. However, despite disclosure being an important factor in decision-making, child-abuse investigators still did not meet with or interview every child, particularly preschool children and physically-abused children. The majority of factors that influenced child-abuse investigators� decisions to interview children were related to practice issues, in sexual-abuse cases, or tolerance of parental violence towards children, in physical-abuse cases.
Preschool children, whether physically- or sexually-abused, did not present differently from 5- or 6-year-olds in their behaviour or style of disclosure. However, compared to older children, child-abuse investigators were unlikely to interview preschoolers.
To conclude the thesis, I will highlight lessons to be learned from the present study and will make recommendations for child-abuse investigators, any professionals working with children and families, and the government of New Zealand.
3
Carter, Kathryn Sarah. "Pest or pastime? Coarse fish in Aotearoa/New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2790.
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Freshwater ecosystems are extremely important, both socially and ecologically, in Aotearoa/New Zealand. However, through detrimental practices of land-use change and the introduction of non-indigenous aquatic species, the health of freshwater areas is increasingly under threat. Coarse fish are one group of non indigenous fish that are largely perceived to have a negative effect on freshwater biodiversity and water quality. Despite this, there are people in New Zealand that value coarse fish highly, and consider their lives to be enriched through the practice of coarse angling. This thesis examines the diversity of perceptions and values ascribed to coarse fish by a variety of different environmental managers and resource users to understand how these multiple meanings influence approaches to freshwater biodiversity management in Aotearoa/New Zealand. As coarse anglers are often considered responsible for deliberate translocation of coarse fish, a space for communication and compromise between these stakeholder groups is also identified. Additionally, appropriate and effective educational methods to raise awareness of freshwater ecosystem restoration and non-indigenous invasive fish are discussed. Social factors are often the primary determinants of whether conservation efforts succeed or fail. Grounded in the theoretical perspectives of social construction, environmental perception, political ecology, and critical environmental adult education, this thesis provides an important contribution to the practice of interdisciplinary research by demonstrating the ways in which social science complements scientific approaches to environmental management. Utilising semi structured interviews with multiple stakeholder groups and an internet survey targeted at coarse anglers this research found that, while a multitude of perceptions of coarse fish exist, there is also willingness on both sides to engage in communication and develop effective practices to aid in managing the freshwater environment. A number of suggestions for improving legislation that addresses invasive freshwater fish, and several ideas regarding education and compliance, also emerged.
4
Samu, Tanya Lee-Anne Maleina. "Pasifika Education: Discourses of Difference within Aotearoa New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Leadership, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8731.
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This study is a conceptual analysis of specific terms and constructs that have become entrenched within education policy and practice in New Zealand within the 21st century – namely diversity , and Pasifika education. It is uncommon for users of these terms (educators, policy makers and researchers) to make their understandings and use of such terms explicit. In the absence of close and careful critique, limited and partial understandings of groups of learners constructed as diverse and different escape interrogation. The overall risks of this lack of conceptual clarity are: simplification and even misapprehensions of key dimensions of groups such as Pasifika learners and their communities. This results in unarticulated assumptions having undue influence over educators’, policymakers’ and researchers’ perspectives and their subsequent decision-making. The philosophical research questions of this study are addressed through a deconstructivist research framework that draws on the theorisations of J.R. Martin; M. Foucault’s theorisations relating to the historical analysis of ideas; and discourse theorising of a primarily post-structuralist nature. Six analyses were developed in order to address the research questions. Three focused on the level of national policies, macro-level influences, and post-colonial indigenous visioning. Three analyses are based on a selection of narrative accounts of Samoan women across time and space, examining education as a process of change, and its effects on personal identity and culture. The study critically reflects on the underlying values and belief systems of both policy and practice. It identifies and examines the tension between the state’s priorities for the provision of education for Pasifika peoples on the one hand, and Pasifika peoples’ motivations for pursuing and participating in education on the other. This is done in an effort to challenge complacency, provide alternative perspectives, deepen insights and strengthen understandings amongst those actively engaged as educators, policy makers and researchers in the education and development of Pasifika peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand.
5
Walker, Judith Marianne. "The contexts of adult literacy policy in New Zealand/Aotearoa." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33144.
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This dissertation investigates the nature, scope and characteristics of recent adult literacy policy in New Zealand, and explores the reasons and mechanisms by which such reform took place.
In this analysis of adult literacy policy, the author considers the context in which adult literacy rose to ascendancy in New Zealand government policy during the first decade of the millennium. In addition, she examines the relationship between adult literacy policy and changes in political ideology and government leadership, assessing the impact of both neoliberalism and inclusive liberalism (Craig & Porter, 2006) and Third Way thought (Giddens, 1999) on policy.
Analysis was undertaken of government documents published from 1999-2008, as well as policies released during the previous political era, 1984-1999, to situate later policy. Additionally, interviews were conducted with 20 adult literacy policy actors in the country, including government bureaucrats, literacy researchers, and other experts who worked in and for unions, interest groups, and community and workplace literacy organizations. In drawing from Bowe, Ball and Gold (1992) and Ball (1994), the findings focus on three contexts of policy: the context of text production; the context of influence; and, the context of interpreted practices and outcomes. To address these contexts, the author drew on an array of methodological and theoretical tools.
The findings from this study provide four keen insights: First, adult literacy policy formed a legitimate part of economic and social policy; in other words, adult literacy policy was developed for both economic and social purposes and constituted actual policy response beyond rhetoric. Second, adult literacy policy, while developed between 1999-2008, was a continuation of previous government policies set in motion during New Zealand’s so-called neoliberal era (1984-1999). Third, policy was characterized by paradoxical discourses of “control” and “freedom.” And, fourth, government prioritized practices of economically related workplace literacy and of targeted social support.
This dissertation contributes to both the understanding of inclusive liberal/Third Way government education policy as well as to the emergent field of policy studies on adult literacy in developed countries.
6
McGregor, Lilicherie. "The praxis of postcolonial intercultural theatre in Aotearoa New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Drama, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4845.
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Throughout history theatrical performance has been used both as a disseminator of dominant ideology and as a place for revolt. This study will investigate how theatre in Aotearoa New Zealand may play a role in the decolonization of postcolonial peoples. At the core of the dissertation is an engagement with theories of postcolonial and intercultural performance which are tested in a theatre laboratory experiment to see how these theories translate in practical terms to the stage. The work will investigate, through a semiotic analysis, what occurs in the process of rehearsal and direction in transforming the meanings of a text to the stage. The text used for the theatre laboratory experiment is Mervyn Thompson's Songs to the Judges. One aim of the production will be to juxtapose Māori and Pākehā performance forms in a syncretic theatre performance. During the process I will focus on questions such as, "on what terms can a Pākehā woman direct a play with a bicultural cast?" and "what are the (im)possibilities of an equal exchange of knowledge/experience between the Maori and Pākehā participants?" Whilst the performance highlights polarities of them and us, black and white, the aim of the rehearsal process and group dynamic is to move beyond this polarity operating under the philosophy of Barba's concept of 'Third Theatre’, For members of the third theatre, content and form are often less important than a group's socio-cultural philosophy and how that philosophy is realized in its daily work and reflected in its productions (Watson 1993: 21).
7
Tully, Elizabeth. "Doing professionalism "differently" : negotiating midwifery autonomy in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6531.
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This thesis examines how midwives have been doing professionalism in Aotearoa/New Zealand since gaining the legal right to practise independently of doctors in 1990. It analyses midwifery autonomy as a complex and contingent outcome of a competitive political process involving key groups of actors in the health/maternity field. Unlike approaches that regard professional status simply as an outcome of an occupation’s organisational structure or political strategising, this account seeks to tease out some of the complexities involved in the relational construction of professional positioning. In the process it shows how midwifery has been able to utilise gender, profession/state and profession/consumer relations as resources in its efforts to obtain and consolidate an autonomous status vis a vis nursing and medicine.
In examining the professionalising strategies of midwives, attention is paid to the role played by state actors in enhancing or diminishing the jurisdiction that a profession has over an area of work that is constituted as ‘expert’ practice. This is demonstrated in the thesis in relation to both the granting of midwifery autonomy and the subsequent introduction of fixed-fee funding for primary maternity services. These policy changes had significant implications for midwifery and medical autonomy, forms of practice and relations with clients. Discussion of how the change in funding arrangements created opportunities for midwifery to consolidate its jurisdiction over ‘normal’ childbirth highlights the significance for professions of aligning their interests with broader political and economic objectives.
Analysis of how midwifery has been constituted by midwives and maternity consumers as a form of feminist professional practice based on ‘partnership’ shows how particular constructions of gender and expertise can be used as discursive resources in the struggle over autonomy. Doing professionalism according to this ‘new’ model of practice involves positioning midwives as autonomous practitioners vis a vis other health professionals but as ‘partners’ with maternity consumers. It is argued in the thesis that a distinction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ forms of professionalism should be seen as a false dichotomy. While ‘new’ professionalism may provide the basis for more equitable professional/client relations, it also supports an alternative claim to ‘expertise’ and autonomy.
Professionalism should be understood as socially situated, both in practice and discursively, and as subject to interpretation and redefinition. Rather than conceptualising a shift from one model or ideal-type of professionalism (‘old’) to another (‘new’), it is argued that different forms of professionalism exist simultaneously and can be strategically utilised by professions in ongoing contestation and negotiation over professional status. How a profession uses its knowledge base as a resource in claiming jurisdiction over work that it constructs as a form of ‘expert’ practice is variable. Opportunities for doing professionalism ‘differently’ are contingent on a profession’s embeddedness in networks of relations with state actors, clients and other professions.
8
Yeoman, Kathryn (Kate) Charlotte. "Working the System: Doing Postmodern Therapies in Aotearoa New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7274.
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This thesis documents a qualitative research study of twenty postmodern therapy practitioners in Aotearoa New Zealand, focusing on their experiences in the wider field of therapy. The participants were aligned in their subscribing to postmodern critiques of therapy as a instrument of power, and in their interest in, and use of, therapy techniques and approaches that have grown out of those critiques – including narrative therapy, critical psychology, “Just Therapy”, and feminist poststructuralist therapy approaches. I argue that these practitioners represent a social movement within the field of therapy. The thesis examines the nature of the wider therapy field in Aotearoa New Zealand, analysing the perspectives of the participants. I demonstrate how this field has become increasingly dominated by the twin forces of neoliberalism and bio-science, making postmodern therapy work difficult, particularly within public sector services. In the final substantive part of the thesis, I critically examine and appraise the strategies used by participants to negotiate and resist these forces. This discussion is divided into two main chapters, dealing first with the participants who have difficulty in engaging in official politics and who consequently attempt to operate “under the radar” of management surveillance: these participants are characterised as “battlers”, “burn-outs” and “blow-outs”. Then, I turn my attention to the second group of participants – “infiltrators”, “outsiders” and “accepters” – who strategically utilise symbolic capital to pose resistance, or simply leave the public system. I also consider the professed abilities of this second group to cultivate a postmodern sensibility and to tolerate contradiction and compromise. I conclude this investigation of the possibilites for resistance to neoliberal and bio-scientific discourses by recommending greater strengthening of this local postmodern therapy movement.
9
Allan, Louise. "Factors Associated With Hearing Aid Disuse In New Zealand/Aotearoa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10775.
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Introduction: Despite the advantages of using a hearing aid (HA), only 1 out of 5 individuals who could benefit from a (HA) actually use one (World Health Organization, 2012). If an individual does not use a HA then it may impact on their quality of life, as well as others around them (Chia et al., 2007). Therefore it is important to understand why individuals do not use HAs after obtaining them. To date, there has been no study that investigates the reasons for HA disuse in the New Zealand population.
Methods: Two groups of adults with hearing impairment were recruited: HA users (N = 35) and HA disusers (N = 35). Six self-report questionnaires, three audiometric tests and two other body function measures were compared between the groups.
Results: Several variables differentiated HA users from disusers, these significant variables were: cognition, understanding speech in noise, acceptance of noise, age at testing, education, hearing assistance technology (HAT) use, HA satisfaction, self-efficacy, accepted need, application for HA subsidy, HA outcomes, stages-of-change, perceived environmental influence, follow-up support and hearing related activity limitations/participation restrictions (AL/PR).
Discussion: The clinical value of identifying factors related to HA disuse is so clinicians can identify “red flags” for disuse before the client stops using their HAs. By identifying these red flags, rehabilitation can be tailored around the clients’ needs; before the negative consequences of an untreated hearing impairment is felt.
10
Barber, Kezia Mary. "Cultivating biosecurity : governance, citizenship and gardening in Aotearoa, New Zealand." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446170/.
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Wright, Higgins Katie. "Ambiguous migrants : contemporary British migrants in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/62469/.
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A bicultural approach to the politics of settler-indigenous relations, rapidly increasing ethnocultural diversity and its status as an ex-British settler society, make Auckland a fascinating and complex context in which to examine contemporary British migrants. However, despite Britain remaining one of the largest source countries for migrants in Aotearoa New Zealand, and the country's popularity as a destination among British emigrants, contemporary arrivals have attracted relatively little attention. This thesis draws on twelve-months of qualitative research, including in-depth interviews with forty-six participants, photo-elicitation with a smaller group, and participant observation, in order to develop a nuanced account of participants' narratives, everyday experiences and personal geographies of Auckland. This thesis adopts a lens attentive to the relationship between the past and the present in order to explore British migrants' imaginaries of sameness and difference, national belonging, place and ‘the good life' in Aotearoa New Zealand. First, through attention to the ‘colonial continuities' of participants' popular geographical and temporal imaginaries of Aotearoa New Zealand, and the lifestyles they associate with it, this thesis is part of growing attention to historical precedents of ‘the good life' in international lifestyle migration literature. Secondly, by examining participants' relations with Māori, other ethnicised groups, bi- and multiculturalism, I expand on whether these migrants' invest, or not, in ‘the settler imaginary' (Bell 2014). In doing so, I bring crucial nuance to understandings of ethnic and cultural difference, and settler-indigenous relations, in globalising white settler spaces. As neither fully ‘them' nor ‘us' (Wellings 2011), British migrants occupy an ambiguous position in ex-British settler societies. Finally, I examine participants' notions of shared ancestry and of cultural familiarity with Pākehā, and, in doing so, problematise the notion of Britishness as a natural legacy or passive inheritance in this context.
12
Barrett, Mereana. "Accounting and accounatability in Maori organizations in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.688247.
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Pritchard, Stephen (Stephen John) 1970. "Contested titles : postcolonialism, representation and indigeneity in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand." Monash University, Centre for Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7831.
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Cox, Emma. "Shakespeare and indigeneity : performative encounters in Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18639.pdf.
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Kaustrater, Maria Elisabeth. "Maori and Pakeha : the quest for identity in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248006.
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Anderson, Harold Atwood. "A confluence of streams music and identity in Aotearoa/New Zealand /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8478.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Southern, Annie Roma. "Career, Interrupted?: Psychiatric illness and Women's Career Development in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Centre, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4118.
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This thesis explores the experiences of a group of women in Aotearoa/New Zealand who have been diagnosed with a psychiatric illness, with the aim of gaining some understanding about how they negotiate issues around diagnosis, recovery and resilience-development and employment.
A qualitative methodology was used to encourage the women to relate their vocational and life experiences. Fifteen women, whose ages ranged from 17 to their late 60s, with a range of psychiatric diagnoses, were interviewed across ten months. One woman identified as having Māori ancestry and several identified as lesbian. Each interview, which was semi-structured, was transcribed and then verified by the women, and all data were analysed using thematic content analysis and symbolic interactionist and discourse/narrative analyses. Salient issues provided a focus for later interviews and generated theory.
The thesis is organised according to major themes that were generated from the data: ‘Getting unwell and getting help,’ ‘Getting well’ and ‘Getting back to work.’ Within these broad themes, key ideas emerged around the women’s views on the difference between ‘madness’ and ‘mental illness’, the biological basis for mental distress, the impact of labelling, the importance of having a ‘literacy’ around psychiatric illness that helps foster agency, the importance of workplace accommodations and mentors in vocational settings, and the process of renegotiating vocational identity when one has a psychiatric illness.
Data analysis revealed how participants make ‘sense’ of their psychiatric ill health and recovery/resilience-development experiences, create a vocational self-concept and view themselves as social beings in the current socio-political and cultural context of being New Zealanders. The women’s narratives exhibited negligible explicit gender role identification and the present research uncovered very little explicit data relevant to lesbian and bisexual women’s lives, apart from data on sexual identity disclosure. Rather the women spoke as members of a group that accepted Western diagnoses and used various strategies to reclaim what had been lost and grow new social and vocational roles.
The thesis, therefore, provides a platform for understanding the experiences of women living with psychiatric illness in Aotearoa/New Zealand. It provides new information on service-users’ views of medical models of psychiatric illness and the efficacy of their alliances with mental health professionals. It also provides evidence of the needs women have for gaining and maintaining employment after diagnosis with psychiatric illness.
18
Atkinson, Jeanette Carol. "Learning to respect : the perspectives of heritage professionals in Aotearoa, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31156.
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The thesis documents the historical, heritage and education context in Aotearoa, New Zealand, and discusses perceptions of values and identity in the postcolonial context. Previous research has examined the differing perspectives of indigenous peoples compared to European museum practice in the exhibition and preservation of cultural artefacts and the gradual progression towards collaborative working practices. However, the question of whether it is possible to teach awareness of those differing perspectives has been poorly addressed. This research builds on the current literature by exploring whether heritage professionals consider that it is possible to learn respect for differing cultural perspectives through the undertaking of training courses. In order to examine contemporary attitudes to communities and heritage institutions, knowledge and awareness of cultural values and perspectives on incorporating cultural values into educational programmes, the research investigation took the form of semi-structured interviews with 100 conservators, curators and educators working in New Zealand during the field research period of 2005--2006.;The participants' nationalities, professional working backgrounds and perceptions of cultural values, communities and education were examined, with the intention of determining their opinions relating to whether it was possible, necessary or desirable to incorporate cultural values into training programmes. Participants confirmed the view that museums are seen as the guardians of cultural artefacts and, therefore, they need to be inclusive of the communities who own those artefacts. Findings indicate that an awareness of one's own values and the recognition of difference are fundamental to facilitating understanding of the values and belief systems of other people. The research suggests that acquiring language skills and studying within a culture, with the people of that culture, rather than purely theoretically, could assist in gaining greater inter-cultural awareness and respect for differing perspectives.
19
Vunidilo, Kalisito. "Living in two worlds : "challenges facing Pacific people in New Zealand : the case of Fijians living in Aotearoa, New Zealand" /." Saarbrücken, [Germany] : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20061215.103234/index.html.
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Maclean, Malcolm. "Confronting foundational myths : apartheid, rugby and the post-colonising of Aotearoa/New Zealand /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18314.pdf.
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Hendrikse, Edwin Peter. "Migration and culture : the role of Samoan churches in contemporary Aotearoa-New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2267.
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This thesis examines the dilemmas that the church faces today when dealing with the Samoan and New Zeala.nd born components of the New Zealand Samoan population. The generation gap between these two groups is a source of concern for both the church and the Samoan community as a whole. The thesis attempts to assess the processes of acculturation, assimilation, and ethnic segregation that mayor may not be occurring among the Samoan people in New Zealand, and assesses the growth and emergence of a new culture of Samoans in New Zealand , The New Zealand born Samoan generation " who seek to find their cultural identity with Samoans and as New Zealanders. Its purposes are threefold: Firstly, to make readers aware of the diversity of New Zealand's Multicultural Society, and highlight the importance of the church for the Samoan migrant community in maintaining and retaining Samoan language and culture in New Zealand. Secondly, to provide the Samoan Community, both Samoan born and New Zealand born Samoans, with an understanding on the development of churches of various denominations that exist to serve them in New Zealand. And thirdly, to promote the development of the New Zealand born Samoan generation who, unlike their Samoan-born parents, find themselves influenced by both their Samoan heritage and the New Zealand's multicultural society, and are thus at times caught between two cultures that can often contradict each other. It also examines the future implications in the survival of Samoan language and culture among the New Zealand born Samoan generation, who are presently already giving birth to the second generation of New Zealand born Samoans. 11 This study draws primarily on information obtained from survey research conducted within five different churches that serve the Samoan community in New Zealand's Capital City of Wellington (which, after Auckland, holds the second highest Samoan population in New Zealand). It also draws from less structured interviews with Samoans and a handful of other Pacific Islanders within the Wellington area. Through these interviews a sense of the history and growth of Samoan orientated churches in Wellington, and their contemporary activities was established. Together with survey material, these interviews enable the changes in attitudes, concerns, and views of the Samoan people who attend (and are loosely associated) with these churches to be assessed. This thesis hopes to encourage and stimulate further research and discussion on the role of Samoan and other Pacific Island Churches in AotearoafNew Zealand with regards to migration and culture, as well as provide a basis for future research to make necessary improvements on this particular study.
22
Hartrick, Elizabeth. "Consuming illusions : the magic lantern in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand 1850-1910 /." Connect to thesis, 2003. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002203.
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Taira, Eliana Gabriela. "Māori media : a study of the Māori "media sphere" in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3079.
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This thesis examines Māori media use and participation in Aotearoa/ New Zealand. A number of news media formats are examined and consideration is given to what the most effective formats for Māori communications are.
It is argued throughout the thesis that the commercial imperatives of mainstream media compromise the potential for Māori participation and content. It is asserted that the ideal media model for Māori communication is a combination of big and small media, with Māori active partnership and inclusion of Māori content in prime-time slots within mainstream media and with Māori-controlled media serving the diversity of Māori cultural needs and the demands for local communication.
The thesis argues that Māori participation in the news media is vital for Māori self-identity and self-determination because both printed and electronic media are major sources of information about local, national and global issues.
It describes how the European colonisers defined Māori people as “the Other” and denigrated their language and culture, and it argues that the current Pākehā-dominated media have continued this process. In view of this, the thesis contends that the advances in electronic media now make it possible for Māori people not only to access the media, but to control their own media, redressing this cultural disadvantage by setting their own information and cultural agendas, producing new cultural forms and methods of distribution.
At the same time, the thesis notices how political rhetoric about the media being used for te reo Māori regeneration and Māori education and development, in practice lacked adequate complementary policies and funding. Finally, the thesis details the commitment of Māori broadcasters and publishers in Aotearoa/ New Zealand to using radio, television, online and print publications for Māori communication despite this lack of support.
24
Goldingay, Sophie Jennifer Elizabeth. "Separation or mixing: issues for young women prisoners in Aotearoa New Zealand prisons." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social Work and Human Services, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3740.
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Young women who serve time in adult prisons in New Zealand mix with adult prisoners, unless it is not considered safe to do so. If they do not mix, they serve their sentence in relative isolation, unable to participate in programs, recreation or other aspects of prison life. This is in contrast to male youth in prison who are placed in have specialised youth units to mitigate against the perceived negative effects of mixing with adult prisoners. Using discursive strategies to analyse texts from semi-structured interviews with young women in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) prisons and focus group interviews with iwi representatives, this study offers a challenge to dominant framings of both young and adult women prisoners. The study has shown that young women prisoners’ resilience is likely to be strengthened, and opportunities for health and well-being improved, within stable relationships with adults with whom they relate. Whanau-type structures in prison are in keeping with indigenous values and have the potential to provide mentoring relationships which may broaden the current limited subjectivities experienced by young women prisoners.
25
Taylor, Stephanie Joyce Ann. "Constructions of national identity and the nation : the case of New Zealand/Aotearoa." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18982/.
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This thesis analyses discourses of national identity and the nation, using the case study of New Zealand. The main empirical data are 'ordinary talk', from 41 New Zealanders interviewed in London in late 1994 and early 1995. The thesis investigates the work which is done in participants' talk by constructions of national identity and the nation. The first major focus is how national identity is used in the construction of self-identity. The analysis includes different ways of understanding the 'self', the interpretative resources available for the construction of an identity as a New Zealander, including alternative categories and positive and negative stereotypes, and the way that speakers position themselves in relation to New Zealand and other New Zealanders. A second focus is how constructions of nation and the national do ideological work around contentious issues, that is, work which has implications for relationships of power and authority in a broad socio-economic context and which tends to silence and delegitimise certain voices and identities, especially by establishing and reinforcing certain practices and relationships as 'normal' and therefore invisible and/or uncontentious. Finally the thesis considers how such constructions accommodate changes which are frequently associated with globalization and a decline in the relevance of the nation state. These changes include the reduced state provision of services, resulting from the reduction or abandonment of 'welfare state' policies; challenges from new migrants and from an indigenous minority to the status of the dominant population group; and the opening of national borders to both investment and migration. The analysis shows the continuing salience and ideological relevance of national identity
26
Henare, Mark Tane Arnold. "Nau te rourou, naku te rourou (your basket and my basket) : reflections of sameness and difference in Aotearoa-New Zealand and Hawai'i." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609369.
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27
Fitzgerald, Laurel Jean. "Sustainability Education in Aotearoa New Zealand:theory, practice and possibility." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Teacher Education, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9044.
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Sustainability education is a contested field in Aotearoa New Zealand, as it is in other countries. A variety of philosophical and theoretical interpretations and possibilities for practice therefore co-exist within this emerging field. This thesis develops a ‘complex perspective’ of sustainability education by exploring the way it is conceptualised in literature and the New Zealand curriculum, and interpreted in practice in the context of a New Zealand secondary school. Guided by the key contributing theories and a qualitative methodology, the thesis maps the complexity of the field from the macro- or global and international level to the micro- or local level using the reference points of theory, practice, and possibility.
Developed during and in response to an intense period of social and environmental change that shows no signs of abating, the thesis comprises two interrelated components. The first and more substantial component is the literature review. This takes account of situational factors that are giving rise to different conceptions and approaches to sustainability education and to contrasting views presented in literature and curriculum. Used as an umbrella term for all forms of education with environmental and sustainability foci, ‘sustainability education’ (in whatever form it takes) stands as an admission of broad social failure and the need for substantial change. Conceptions of sustainability education range from ‘education for sustainable development’ (ESD), which is advanced by the United Nations and other influential international organisations, to ‘education for sustainability’ (EfS), which has taken precedence over ‘environmental education’ (EE) in the New Zealand curriculum. The literature shows that this complex, contested, contextualised and emerging field is as much hopeful as it is critical.
The qualitative case study comprises the second interrelated component of the thesis. Grounded in the real-life context of a secondary school with a distinctive approach to teaching and learning, it involves an empirical investigation of the ways in which two teachers and a diverse group of Year 9 to Year 14 students understand and practice sustainability education. This component draws on the interpretive methods of interviewing and observation to afford an empathetic and multi-perspectival view of sustainability education in practice. The case does not strive to establish ‘truth’ but rather to be open to multiple truths, realities and meanings - in a manner that is consistent with the theories of social constructionism and interpretivism in particular.
It is suggested, through this study, that sustainability education cannot be confined to a stable conception or consistent framework, or approached through a programme of standardised levels and assessments. Representing a complex, multi-dimensional, dynamic and emergent concept, sustainability education may best be approached and sustained in a corresponding fashion, through multiple, critically-informed, and dialogically-linked points of entry.
28
Botur, Michael Stephen. "Shorty." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/726.
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The eight short stories in Shorty examine themes including racism, oppression, conflict, social perception, miscommunication, struggles over meaning, truth and ethnic identity. New Zealand is a country reinventing itself from its colonial past (Wyn 2004 p. 277); identity-making in this country is a ‘dynamic process’ (Liu et al. 2005 p.11) which generates new cultural forms and practices. The concept of culture and subculture links the aforementioned themes in Shorty.
29
Riddell, Michael, and n/a. "Funding contextual theology in Aotearoa - New Zealand : the theological contribution of James K. Baxter." University of Otago. Department of Theology and Religious Studies, 2003. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070507.110451.
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Aotearoa-New Zealand received Christianity as part of the colonial/missionary matrix of nineteenth century European expansion. Consequently the form and content of faith was largely shaped by factors distant both in geography and symbolic resonance. Christian theology maintains a cultural dissonance, particularly from an emergent Pakeha cultural indentity.
The quest for contextualisation has become a familiar one in post-colonial societies, though not as vigorously pursued in Western nations as in other parts of the world. Only recently has attention been paid to the possibilities of local theologies in New Zealand.
C.S. Song�s suggests �Perhaps a poet can tell us how we should go about theology�. In this he is pointing to the necessity of contextual theology using domestic cultural product as an important source for theological reflection, encapsulating as it does local history and experience.
James K. Baxter, one of New Zealand�s finest poets, was also a Catholic and social critic. In the last years of his life particularly, the major part of his writing, both poetry and prose, was concerned with his vision of a Christian humanism which might make a practical difference in the immediate context. He established a community at the small settlement of Jerusalem beside the Whanganui River, where he sought to give tangible expression to a mixture of radical Christian acceptance and Maori spiritual values.
This thesis examines Baxter�s contribution to the task of contextual theology. In particular, it draws on a great deal of unpublished prose material, until now largely unexamined, from the late period of his life. This, together with the wider body of his writings, is used to investigate his religious thought and movement within it.
After an introductory and methodological chapter, the thesis examines Baxter�s categorisation of the fragmented and spiritually bereft nature of Pakeha existence. It then seeks to follow the major themes of his own powerfully articulated responses to this condition, in a series of chapters introduced with Maori terms; a cultural connection which was important to Baxter.
The investigation uncovers a commitment to a Christian humanism that recognises the immanence of Christ, and a rather startling manifesto which parallels the approach of Liberation Theology in a distinctly New Zealand context. The survey of Baxter�s religious thought concludes with a critical reflection on his themes.
A final chapter considers the contribution which Baxter makes toward the challenge of contextual theology. Considering the relationship between poetic reflection and theology, it stops short of classifying Baxter as a theologian. Rather the argument is advanced that he has provided vital raw material to the ongoing task of local theology; his role is one of �funding� contextual theology symbolically. Baxter is significant in the development of theology in Aotearoa-New Zealand, both for his contribution and his encouragement to further reflection.
30
Mansill, Douglas B. "A civil and ecclesiastical union? The development of prison chaplaincy in Aotearoa-New Zealand." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/642.
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New Zealand prisons were a colonial construct established by early colonial administrations to deal with criminal behaviour occurring at the time of European settlement. Like the prison system, prison chaplaincy also had its origins in colonial experiences from the United Kingdom where chaplains were employed to meet the spiritual needs of those in institutions such as schools, hospitals, colleges, the military and legations. This thesis addressed the question of how the partnership between Church and State administrators in New Zealand for the provision of chaplaincy services developed between 1840 and 2006. Four phases were identified in the evolution of prison chaplaincy: phase one 1840-to-1950, characterised by ad hoc arrangements between clergy and local prison management; phase two 1951-to-1989 when Secretary for Justice Samuel Barnett established a formal relationship with the National Council of Churches and the Roman Catholic Church to provide chaplains for penal institutions; phase three identified as ‘prisons in change’ 1990-1999, when the Interim Chaplaincy Advisory Board and Prison Chaplaincy Advisory Board worked in tandem with the Departments of Justice and Corrections to administer the Prison Chaplaincy Service, arising from the recommendations of the Roper and Perry Reports; and phase four 2000-to-2006, a period when the Prison Chaplaincy Service of Aotearoa New Zealand was contracted to the Department of Corrections to employ prison chaplains. The research adopted a multi-faceted approach, consisting of phenomenology, ethno-methodology and hermeneutics to understand attitudes and experiences of key players and institutions in the evolution of Prison Chaplaincy. Data was collected through interviews of key informants, critical evaluation of published and unpublished material in public and private collections. The study identified six key factors that influenced the development of Prison Chaplaincy in New Zealand. These were: the nature of the Church-State interface, the impact of biculturalism, the influence of theological and ecclesiastical trends, and the impact of inter-church politics, the influence of socio economic trends and developments, and changes in Government policy. It also found that while there were tensions, the Church-State partnership had positive benefits for the spiritual outcomes for prisoners.
31
Read, Marion. "The 'construction' of landscape : a case study of the Otago Peninsula, Aotearoa / New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1604.
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This project has sought to answer the question 'How is landscape made?’ by examining the landscape of the Otago Peninsula on the east coast of the South Island of Aotearoa/New Zealand. By taking a social constructionist approach, an in depth case study has been completed using ethnographic methods combined with discourse analysis. The theoretical framework adopted led to the research question being refined and divided into two parts. The first seeks to determine the discourses that construct the landscape of the Otago Peninsula. Those identified include discourses of Mana Whenua, agriculture, environmentalism, gardening, heritage, neo-liberalism and the picturesque. These discourses interact and resist one another through networks of power. Thus the second part of the research question seeks to understand these networks and the distributions of power through them. The agricultural discourse is the most powerful, albeit under strong challenge from the environmental discourse and from the impacts of neo-liberalism. Mana Whenua discourses have gained significant power in recent decades, but their influence is tenuous. The picturesque discourse has significant power and has been utilised as a key tool in District planning in the area. Thus, the landscape is seen to be made by the dynamic interactions of discourses. This has two consequences, the first, an emphasising of the dynamism of the landscape - it is a process which is under constant flux as a consequence of both the human interactions with and within it, and the biophysical processes which continue outside of human ken. The second consequence is to stress that the landscape is not a unitary object and that this needs to be recognised in the formulation of policy and landscape management.
32
Tobias, R. M. "Adult education in Aotearoa/New Zealand - a critical analysis of policy changes, 184-90." Centre for Continuing Education, University of Canterbury, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3405.
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Since 1984, when the fourth Labour Government was elected to office, there have been major changes in the structures of society in Aoteroa/New Zealand. A wide range of reviews and reforms of economic and social policy have been undertaken, and not surprisingly the structures and policies of adult education have come under scrutiny and been subject to major changes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the politics of policy formation over a six-year period. Using official and unofficial reports and other documents, the paper seeks to identify some of the key changes in adult education policy that have taken place in recent years and to locate them within the context of the contradictory pressures operating upon and within government and the field of adult education.
33
Lessoway, Kamea. "Perception of quality of life for adults with hearing impairment in Aotearoa / New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Communication Disorders, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9599.
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AIMS: This study investigated the perception of generic and disease-specific Health-Related
Quality of Life (HRQoL) for adults living with hearing impairment (HI) in Aotearoa/New
Zealand (NZ). This study aimed to answer three questions: (1) What is the perception of
HRQoL amongst adults with hearing impairment in NZ? (2) How do these perceptions
compare to adults with HI living in other countries for which we have data? (3) What are the
demographic and audiometric variables related to device ownership?
METHOD: HRQoL, demographic, and audiometric information was collected from 126 adults
in NZ. The following demographic information was collected: age, relationship length, hours
worked per week, income, ancestry, sex, level of education, city size, and sexual orientation.
The following audiologic information was also collected: ownership of hearing aids (HA),
ownership of hearing assistance technology (HAT), better-ear pure-tone average (BEPTA),
worse-ear pure-tone average (WEPTA), and signal-to-noise ratio loss (SNR loss). HRQoL
information was collected using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health
Survey (SF-36; Ware & Sherbourne, 1992), and the Hearing Handicap Inventory (HHI) for
both elderly (HHIE) and adults (HHIA; Ventry & Weinstein, 1982; Newman, Weinstein,
Jacobson, & Hug, 1991). Variables discriminating HA and HAT owners from non-owners
were also analysed.
RESULTS: The relationship between demographic variables and HRQoL scores revealed that
only age and income were significant. Audiometric variables had significant relationships
with disease-specific HRQoL scores, as well as HA and HAT ownership. Finally, disease-specific
HRQoL scores and all audiometric variables differentiated HA owners from non-
owners, but demographic variables did not. Generic HRQoL scores and all audiometric
variables differentiated HAT owners from non-owners.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the negative impacts of HI on HRQoL as reported
overseas are also present in NZ, and that not only do audiometric variables including SNR
loss are related to HRQoL, but HRQoL is a significant predictor for HA and HAT ownership.
Further QoL research is warranted amongst the HI population in NZ to identify and
understand any causal relationships present amongst these variables. Furthermore, HRQoL
instruments and a test of speech understanding in noise have been shown to provide
additional meaningful information, and therefore clinicians might consider including them
during consultation.
34
Neitzert, Eva. "Making power, doing politics : the film industry and economic development in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2570/.
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Over the last decade creative industries, such as film and fashion, have become increasingly commonplace items on economic development agendas at urban, regional, and national scales. A sizeable academic literature has emerged to document this 'creative turn' in economic policy. The existing literature often locates the widespread adoption of creative industry policies within either a capitalist system that increasingly demands creativity if accumulation is to be secured or a series of powerful travelling policy discourses which impose themselves on local landscapes irrespective of fit. These explanations are, however, rarely substantiated empirically to show how, in very material ways, capitalism or travelling policy discourses make demands of a particular locality. In this thesis, Actor- Network Theory (ANT) is used to argue for a less 'determined' approach to the study of creative industries in economic development: the assumptions about macro phenomena structuring the local are put aside in order to tell the story of one situated case of creative industries-based economic development. The specific case that is examined is the film industry of Aotearoa/New Zealand. In the period from 1999 to 2005, the Aotearoa/New Zealand film industry went from being almost entirely absent from economic development policy to playing a central role. The thesis draws on extensive documentary analysis and 58 interviews to construct a description of the practices, devices, techniques, and knowledges that were deployed to constitute, shape, contest, and stabilise the role of the film industry within economic development. What emerges from this description is that contingency and opportunism, rather than capitalist demands or global travelling policy discourses, are key to explaining the prioritisation of the film industry. This suggests that ANT makes visible political processes that often remain hidden from view but are crucial to understanding the way that power is made and politics is done.
35
Jordan, Charlotte Ann. "Identifying, characterising and modifying the natural history and progression of keratoconus in New Zealand/ Aotearoa." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/19647.
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Keratoconus, the focus of this thesis, is a progressive ectasia (thinning/bowing) of the cornea thought to be more prevalent in New Zealand with a predilection for Maori and Pacific populations. Keratoconus occurs due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Typically, diagnosis of keratoconus is made on the basis of clinical and corneal topographic/tomographic signs. A large population of advanced keratoconics was analysed for tomographic and phenotypic variations between subjects with differing aetiological risk factors. This study specifically identified phenotypic differences occurring between subjects with, and without, a family history. The results confirmed over-representation of Maori and Pacific ethnicities in the New Zealand keratoconic population and identified largely asymmetric corneal disease by tomographic classification. The Ocular Response Analyser (ORA) was employed to investigate the intrinsic biomechanical properties of the normal and keratoconic cornea. Significant correlations were observed between posterior corneal elevation and corneal resistance factor in the keratoconic cohort. However, no single ORA value was identified as a discriminator of keratoconus, nonetheless, combining these factors may increase their diagnostic sensitivity. Corneal collagen cross-linking aims to halt, or slow, the progression of keratoconus. This novel therapy involves utilising ultra violet light (UVA) and the photosensitiser riboflavin to stimulate formation of covalent bonds between corneal collagen fibrils. This improves the mechanical rigidity of the cornea and increases resistance to the ectatic process. In a large randomised contolled trial (RCT) of collagen cross-linking for keratoconus in New Zealand, corneal keratometry reduced (improved) in the majority of treated eyes, while visual acuity and refraction remained stable. In contrast, control, untreated, contralateral eyes showed continued progression in both keratometric and refractive indices. A unique quantitative study by in vivo confocal microscopy revealed significant reduction in the sub-basal nerve plexus and anterior keratocyte density following cross-linking in keratoconus. These effects persisted over 12 months post-operatively. Dense hyperreflective bands developed in the corneal mid-stroma following treatment that reduced in intensity over 24 months post cross-linking. These inter-related studies provide new data on keratoconus in New Zealand, on the application of diagnostic techniques, and the safety and effectiveness of collagen crosslinking for keratoconus in a large RCT.
36
Brown, Margaret Mary Selman. "Genealogical Family History in Aotearoa-New Zealand: From Community of Practice to Transdisciplinary Academic Discourse?" The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2561.
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Genealogical Family Historians conduct research in order to reconstruct genealogical families, through the application of a rigorous methodology: weighing the evidence for placing each individual in a family group, linking family groups of the past and making contact with kin of the present. Genealogical Family Historians trace the movements and migrations of identified individuals and family groups; and study the local, national and international social settings of lives lived in families and households in different times and places, over many generations. A large worldwide Community of Practice with many constituent groups, including the New Zealand Society of Genealogists Incorporated, has formed itself around this research activity. In this transdisciplinary study focused on social learning, I have explored and analysed the domain, the practice and the community of Genealogical Family Historians researching in and from Aotearoa-New Zealand during the past 50 years. Genealogical Family Historians meet formally and informally, in small groups or at large conferences to pursue their self-directed learning. The collaborative practice includes publishing and teaching; and the locating, preserving and indexing of records. Many conduct research and communicate with others in the new world of cyberspace. My overarching research question has been: where is the future place for this scholarly discourse? My approach to this study is transdisciplinary: my point-of-view is above and across departments and disciplines. The ethos and vision of transdisciplinarity is attained only through existing disciplines, and transdisciplinary research has the potential to contribute to those disciplines, as I demonstrate in this thesis. The transdisciplinary scholarly discourse of Genealogical Family History owes much to the disciplines of history, geography and sociology; and draws on biology, law, religious studies, linguistics, demography, computer science and information technology. I have also drawn on understandings from my own prior and concurrent disciplinary knowledge and experience for this study. Other Genealogical Family Historians bring different disciplinary understandings to the discourse that is Genealogical Family History. My positionality is that of an insider, an involved member of the Community of Practice for many years. In this study, I have allowed my key informants to speak with their own voices; and I have sought illustration and evidence from documentation and observation in the wider Genealogical Family History Community, past and present. I have used enhanced reflection on my own practice in my analysis and in case studies. This study demonstrates how the Community of Practice has played an important role in developing a transdisciplinary mode of inquiry and suggests that there are some generic features of the field and practice of Genealogical Family History that form the substance of a transdisciplinary discourse ready to take its place in academia.
37
Burke, Christopher J. F. "Diversity or Perversity? Investigating Queer Narratives, Resistance, and Representation in Aotearoa / New Zealand, 1948-2000." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2245.
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This thesis contributes to the burgeoning field of the history of sexuality in New Zealand and seeks to distill the more theorised and reflexive understanding of the subjectively understood queer male identity since 1948. Emerging from the disciplines of History and English, this project draws from a range of narratological materials: parliamentary debates contained in Hansard, and novels and short stories written by men with publicly avowed queer identities. This thesis explores how both 'normative' identity and the category of 'the homosexual' were constructed and mobilised in the public domain, in this case, the House of Representatives. It shows that members of the House have engaged with an extensive tradition of defining and excluding; a process by which state and public discourses have constructed largely unified, negative and othering narratives of 'the homosexual'. This constitutes an overarching narrative of queer experience which, until the mid-1990s, excluded queer subjects from its construction. At the same time, fictional narratives offer an adjacent body of knowledge and thought for queer men and women. This thesis posits literature's position as an important and productive space for queer resistance and critique. Such texts typically engage with and subvert 'dominant' or 'normative' understandings of sexuality and disturb efforts to apprehend precise or linear histories of 'gay liberation' and 'gay consciousness'. Drawing from the works of Frank Sargeson, James Courage, Bill Pearson, Noel Virtue, Stevan Eldred-Grigg, and Peter Wells, this thesis argues for a revaluing of fictional narratives as active texts from which historians can construct a matrix of cultural experience, while allowing for, and explaining, the determining role such narratives play in the discursively constructed understandings of gender and sexuality in New Zealand.
38
Marsh, Kate. "People Out of Place: Representations and Experiences Of Female Homelessness In Christchurch, New Zealand (Aotearoa)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/965.
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This anthropological thesis focuses on female homelessness in Christchurch, New Zealand. I am interested in how different groups in society understand female homelessness and how their perceptions compare to the experiences of homeless women. Consequently, my research centres on the narratives of women who have experienced homelessness providing a view from the "inside". It is also concerned with representations of homelessness in the media and by service providers. The different representations raise issues relating to "normalisation" and "abnormalisation", classification and dichotomisation, self-governance and control, and social participation. I take up these issues to explore the social exclusion of homeless women. My research reveals a dominant homelessness discourse as well as one that might be considered a counter-discourse. The first suggests a dehumanising and unsympathetic approach as it situates homeless people as "abnormal" and "deviant" while the second suggests an empathetic and charitable approach as it situates homeless people as "normal" and "human". The media seem to reflect and reinforce the dominant discourse while service providers seem to reflect the counter-discourse. The women's narratives indicate that they reinforce the dominant discourse by internalising social norms. However, they are unable to reproduce them. Disconnection from mainstream society results in their being caught in a cycle they find difficult to break. This research shows that homeless women are predominantly positioned as social failures. They seem to be unable, or do not know how, to reproduce social norms, to govern themselves and to create meaningful and enduring social networks. Essentially, I explore why homeless women often remain on the periphery of society as "outsiders" and why they find it so difficult to transcend their circumstances. As there has been no contemporary research undertaken specifically on homeless women in New Zealand, I hope the current research will provide a building block for further research on what I conclude is a marginalised and socially excluded group of people who are dominantly portrayed as dysfunctional and "out of place".
39
Jardine-Coom, Laura. "When men and mountains meet : Rūiamoko, western science and political ecology in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3821.
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On the 13th of March, 2007 a failure of the tephra dam at Te-wai-a-moe, the Crater Lake of Mt
Ruapehu in the North Island of Aotearoa/New Zealand, caused a lahar to travel down the Whangaehu
River channel. The lahar event had been predicted after an eruptive event at Mt Ruapehu eleven years
before. As a result of the early prediction, the lahar event and potential risk was well studied, and
twenty four management options were proposed to mitigate risk. After a period of consultation with
stakeholders, including local iwi, the Minister for Conservation ratified a non-intervention option which
emphasised monitoring and prohibited engineering intervention on the mountain.
The media event associated with 2007 lahar event drew considerable attention to the 1953
Tangiwai tragedy which occurred following a similar lahar event at Mt Ruapehu. The 2007 lahar media
event constructed Tangiwai as a site of risk that belonged to science, technology and Pakeha tragedy,
dominating understandings of Tangiwai as an important spiritual place for local iwi and their relationship
with Mt Ruapehu.
The lahar event also highlighted the dominant western science based hazard management
paradigm and its interactions with matauranga Maori. Inherent in the dominant western science
paradigm is the natural/social split born of the scientific Enlightenment and the removal of non-humans
as actors. Bruno Latour (2004) calls for a move beyond the natural/social dualism and recognition for
the importance of non-humans in contesting and recreating worlds; this thesis considers Charles Royal’s
tangata whenua paradigm as an answer to Latour’s call.
40
Abbari, Julie Ann. "Defending Starlight as a Cultural Resource: the use of environmental legislation in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8713.
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In 2012, a large area within the Mackenzie District of Te Waipounamu/South Island of Aotearoa/New Zealand was designated as the Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve (AMIDSR). While lighting restrictions within the AMIDSR promise to protect starlight visibility in that location for the foreseeable future, this thesis considers instruments provided by the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) that could be applied in protection of starlight as a natural resource of cultural significance to Māori. The celestial realm is a vital element of Māori cosmology. Tātai aroraki/Māori astronomy was responsible for the Polynesian discovery and settlement of this nation. Traditionally the moon and stars also played a role in mahika kai/food gathering and other cultural practices. Tātai aroraki is a body of knowledge that was developed through continued observation and use of the natural resource of starlight, and both the knowledge and the natural resource itself are embedded within the whole mahika kai resource chain. Interviews with local kaumātua/elders and a Māori astrophysicist were conducted to determine whether tātai aroraki is still practiced and important to contemporary Kāi Tahu, an iwi/tribe with close ties to the Mackenzie District. Results confirmed that despite the eroding effects that colonisation, urbanisation and new technologies have had on traditional environmental knowledge in general, remnants of tātai arorangi remain and are still used by a few Kāi Tahu individuals and families. For many Māori, their cultural identity is closely linked to traditional knowledge and practices, a form of cultural capital. A strong cultural identity is an important element of cultural wellbeing. Applying the RMA to the protection of starlight from light pollution would protect a resource important for mahika kai and therefore indirectly enhance the potential for Kāi Tahu to provide for their cultural wellbeing. As the RMA is a national statute this has implications for iwi in other regions of Aotearoa who have similar astronomical traditions. This thesis extends previous research on the AMIDSR within a growing body of scholarship on starlight protection. It also makes a contribution to RMA scholarship and Actor-Network Theory literature on the natural environment by including the celestial realm within resource networks.
41
Williams, Rachel Spooner. "Interpreting cultural difference : articulations of 'race', gender and rurality in Britain and New Zealand/Aotearoa." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389093.
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Doherty, Maureen Anne, and maureen doherty@cce ac nz. "Sources of Influence on Professional Practice: A Study of Five Women Principals in Aotearoa/New Zealand." Griffith University. School of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030806.121232.
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Prior to 1989, in New Zealand, very few women were represented in senior leadership positions in schools, especially co-educational secondary schools. Following the 1989 Education Act, commonly referred to as the 'Tomorrow's Schools' legislation, women began to be appointed in increasing numbers to school principalships. In New Zealand, as in other western democracies where New Right ideologies have impacted on educational policy, the role of the school principal has become more demanding and complex. If principals are to be supported in this role, it is considered important that the knowledge and experiences which influence their professional practice are better understood so that professional development programmes are targeted appropriately. This study builds on previous studies of women's experiences of leadership in education (Neville, 1988; Shakeshaft, 1989, 1995; Strachan, 1991, 1997; Court, 1992; Ozga & Walker, 1995; Hall, 1996; Coleman, 1996, 2000; Ah Nee-Benham & Cooper, 1998; Henderson-Kelly & Pamphilon, 2000; McCarthy, 2001; McLay & Brown, 2001) but has as its focus, the sources of influence on five women principals' practice. It has a complementary focus to McLay's and Brown's (2001) study of women headteachers in UK independent secondary schools. They investigated the women's formal training but also sought to find out what life experiences might have prepared them for the role of leading a school. Ah Nee-Benham's and Cooper's (1998) narratives of minority women in school leadership positions in the United States provided the inspiration for this study of five New Zealand principals. While the women in this study are not 'voices from the margins' as are the women in Ah Nee-Benham's and Cooper's study, through the use of narrative and other qualitative methods, their individual accounts capture the voice of experience which is too often missing from the educational leadership literature (Ah Nee-Benham & Cooper, 1998; Heck & Hallinger, 1999; Southworth, 2001). The women's stories add collectively to an emerging literature base which seeks to unravel how leaders actually think and work. This study specifically examines five women principals' personal theories and beliefs about leadership and investigates how their personal histories and career experiences have influenced their professional knowledge and practice. The research methods reflect a commitment to understanding the women's experiences from their perspectives and their stories are seen as providing a window into what they know. Methods such as concept mapping, open-ended unstructured interviews and annals (snake diagrams) help unpack their personal theories about leadership as well as assist understanding of the influence of their personal histories and professional experiences. The educational leadership literature provides a useful starting point to analyse the first part of the research question regarding the women's conceptions of leadership. The literature acknowledges various approaches to leadership, three of which may be called 'moral/critical', 'people-centred' and 'corporate managerial'. Respectively, they each have 'world-views' which emphasise 'ideals', 'people' and 'efficiency'. In this study, I aim to identify what 'world-views' underpin the women's conceptions of leadership but also how they have constructed these concepts. The different needs of each of their schools in association with the principals' own backgrounds and values systems have strongly influenced their varying conceptions of leadership. While on one level their beliefs are unique, on another, they reveal some common themes. The principals are people-focussed but this commitment is underpinned by deeply held ideals about the purpose of schools enriching lives. Efficient management systems are seen as important supporting concepts to assisting people and accomplishing ideals. In order to answer the second part of the research question regarding how the women's personal histories and professional experiences have influenced their professional knowledge and practice, this study drew on the findings of an Australian study which investigated the sources of influence on teacher knowledge in action (McMeniman, Cumming, Wilson, Stevenson & Sim, 2000). It provided the platform and focus for the current study of women principals. A key finding of this study is that the women's beliefs and practices have been influenced by both their personal histories and various career experiences which have assisted them to grow professionally. Central to their learning from these experiences, however, is the way in which the individual interprets or filters experience and actively constructs meaning. Principals' knowledge bases are socially constructed but mediated by their personal theories. Learning from experiences in the workplace has a critical influence especially if it is scaffolded by experts (Billett, 2001) or if there is a community of practice (Wenger, 1998, 2000) encouraging participation. When this learning is augmented by various research access points (McMeniman et al., 2000) such as critical dialogue with peers, in-service education and formal postgraduate studies, it potentially has a direct and daily influence on principals' practice. Although this study is limited to an analysis of five women principals, the commonalities in the sources of influence on their practice, lead one to suggest that the findings may have relevance for other principals, both male and female, and possibly other practitioners.
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Tongati‘o, Lesieli Pelesikoti. "Ko e Fanā Fotu´: Success in motion, transforming Pasifika education in Aotearoa New Zealand 1993-2009." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Pacific Studies, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4948.
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This thesis is a retrospective review and analysis of the processes and information gathered
and used by the Ministry of Education in its development of Pasifika education strategic
plans from 1993 to 2009.
This is a high level strategic analysis, adopting interdisciplinary approaches from across the
social sciences particularly from education, public policy and management, and Pacific
studies. It draws on information gathered by the Ministry of Education through talanoa ako
(consultation), ngaahi fekumi (literature review) and ngaahi ngāue (policy stocktake), to
review whether Pasifika strategic plan development met Pasifika and non-Pasifika
requirements; fulfilled authorising environments’ expectations; created public value and
leadership across the education sector; and, identified what worked and why.
The thesis draws upon Tongan and Pasifika values and methodologies and demonstrates
how these integrate and create value across Pasifika and non-Pasifika worlds, using tools
specifically created to address the methodological challenges in this thesis.
The thesis finds that it is important to formulate Pasifika strategic plans with Pasifika
communities, and that the Pasifika Education Plans worked in focusing the Ministry of
Education and consequently the education sector on Pasifika students, parents, families and
communities’ education expectations and aspirations. Keys to successful Pasifika education
plan formulation included engaging Pasifika students, parents, families and communities in
education discourses; improving the education workforce’s responses to Pasifika peoples;
placing Pasifika learners at the centre of pedagogy and epistemology; faster scaling up of
what worked in raising participation, engagement and achievement; and, having more
choice for Pasifika communities to realise their education potential and exercise their voice
at all levels of education governance and decision making.
It identifies the successful coordinating factor to be the growing of champions and leaders
within the Ministry of Education, Pasifika communities and in the education sector to lead
and sustain change through ownership, responsibility, accountability and monitoring for
Pasifika success.
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Daellenbach, Rea. "The paradox of success and the challenge of change : home birth associations of Aotearoa/New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6525.
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This thesis is a social and political analysis of the home birth associations of Aotearoa/New Zealand. These consumer groups were formed in late 1970s and over the last twenty years have responded to significant changes in the health sector, some of which are the outcome of home birth political activism. Like many other grass roots movements attempting to achieve change, activists have constantly been challenged to re-create ‘collective identities’ and re-position themselves with respect to various sets of ‘allies’, ‘opponents’, and ‘bystanders’. The thesis examines how home birth associations in Aotearoa/New Zealand have responded in various ways to the radical changes in the professional status of midwifery and the restructuring of the health sector in the 1990s. This analysis draws on theorising about social movements, feminist activism, professionalising strategies and the impact of neoliberal policy projects in the health sector. Home birth association newsletters, the print media, one to one interview, focus group discussion and participant observation are used in this feminist qualitative project.
The contradictory positioning of home birth as simultaneously part of and marginalised within New Zealand's state funded maternity service drew home birth advocates into conflicts and compromises with the state. Activists from the home birth associations prioritised a ‘rights’ claim over a home birth advocacy frame and succeeded in effecting significant changes to maternity services as more choices were made available to women. This, however, has not necessarily lead to corresponding changes in the balance of power between consumers and professional experts in policy making and knowledge production. The New Zealand College of Midwives, which grew out of home birth networks, attempts to address power relations through a discourse of ‘partnership’. However, the asymmetrical dependence of home birth associations on midwives to link new members to local networks, and for activists to have a voice in policy making, creates new challenges and strains for home birth activists. A number of home birth associations have attempted to gain contracts with state health funding authorities as a means to exercise more consumer control over home birth services. This raises a new problems for activists as they renegotiate their relationships with state agencies, midwives and women choosing to birth at home.
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Gordon-Burns, Diane. "“ ... AND DID SHE CRY IN MĀORI?” Recovering, reassembling and restorying Tainui ancestresses in Aotearoa New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9977.
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This thesis examines and reveals pre-colonial and colonial organisation of oral traditions,
attitudes and positions in relation to significant Tainui ancestresses. Mana wahine, womanist,
Kaupapa Māori and Indigenous autoethnography are key theories and methodologies that I have
used to reclaim, rediscover and retell their herstories. This approach allows for the
contexualisation of Tainui women based on Māori cultural values and practices. The women
examined are Whakaotirangi, Marama, Ruapūtahanga and Rehe Hekina Kenehuru. The
information that informs this thesis is from textual sources including those from the chiefly
narrated accounts, publications, newspapers and manuscripts.
This thesis is a challenge to patriarchal understandings and interpretations of female
inferiority in ancient practices, including karakia and whakapapa rites. I argue that the study of
ancient karakia, whakataukī and tradition reveals that Māori women held a place of the highest
regard and at times exerted power of a stronger force than their male counterparts: only the
women’s voice could whakatika certain events. Tainui women were crucial representatives
between the earthly and the spiritual domains. Significantly, I have ‘restoryed’ the ancestresses,
the effect being to reclaim a powerful place for women in Māori societies in contemporary times.
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Seran, Justine Calypso. "Intersubjective acts and relational selves in contemporary Australian Aboriginal and Aotearoa/New Zealand Maori women's writing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21999.
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This thesis explores the dynamics of intersubjectivity and relationality in a corpus of contemporary literature by twelve Indigenous women writers in order to trace modes of subject-formation and communication along four main axes: violence, care, language, and memory. Each chapter establishes a comparative discussion across the Tasman Sea between Indigenous texts and world theory, the local and the global, self and community. The texts range from 1984 to 2011 to cover a period of growth in publishing and international recognition of Indigenous writing. Chapter 1 examines instances of colonial oppression in the primary corpus and links them with manifestations of violence on institutional, familial, epistemic, and literary levels in Aboriginal authors Melissa Lucashenko and Tara June Winch’s debut novels Steam Pigs (1997) and Swallow the Air (2006). They address the cycle of violence and the archetypal motif of return to bring to light the life of urban Aboriginal women whose ancestral land has been lost and whose home is the western, modern Australian city. Maori short story writer Alice Tawhai’s collections Festival of Miracles (2005), Luminous (2007), and Dark Jelly (2011), on the other hand, deny the characters and reader closure, and establish an atmosphere characterised by a lack of hope and the absence of any political or personal will to effect change. Chapter 2 explores caring relationships between characters displaying symptoms that may be ascribed to various forms of intellectual and mental disability, and the relatives who look after them. I situate the texts within a postcolonial disability framework and address the figure of the informal carer in relation to her “caree.” Patricia Grace’s short story “Eben,” from her collection Small Holes in the Silence (2006), tells the life of a man with physical and intellectual disability from birth (the eponymous Eben) and his relationship with his adoptive mother Pani. The main character of Lisa Cherrington’s novel The People-Faces (2004) is a young Maori woman called Nikki whose brother Joshua is in and out of psychiatric facilities. Finally, the central characters of Vivienne Cleven’s novel Her Sister’s Eye (2002) display a wide range of congenital and acquired cognitive impairments, allowing the author to explore how the compounded trauma of racism and sexism participates in (and is influenced by) mental disability. Chapter 3 examines the materiality and corporeality of language to reveal its role in the formation of (inter)subjectivity. I argue that the use of language in Aboriginal and Maori women’s writing is anchored in the racialised, sexualised bodies of Indigenous women, as well as the locale of their ancestral land. The relationship between language, body, and country in Keri Hulme’s the bone people (1984) and Alexis Wright’s Carpentaria (2006) are analysed in relation to orality, gesture, and mapping in order to reveal their role in the formation of Indigenous selfhood. Chapter 4 explores how the reflexive practice of life-writing (including fictional auto/biography) participates in the decolonisation of the Indigenous self and community, as well as the process of individual survival and cultural survivance, through the selective remembering and forgetting of traumatic histories. Sally Morgan’s Aboriginal life-writing narrative My Place (1987), Terri Janke’s Torres Strait Islander novel Butterfly Song (2005), as well as Paula Morris and Kelly Ana Morey’s Maori texts Rangatira (2011) and Bloom (2003) address these issues in various forms. Through the interactions between memory and memoirs, I bring to light the literary processes of decolonisation of the writing/written self in the settler countries of Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand. This study intends to raise the profile of the authors mentioned above and to encourage the public and scholarly community to pay attention and respect to Indigenous women’s writing. One of the ambitions of this thesis is also to expose the limits and correct the shortcomings of western, postcolonial, and gender theory in relation to Indigenous women writers and the Fourth World.
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Zangger, Catherine. "For better or worse? : decriminalisation, work conditions, and indoor sex work in Auckland, New Zealand/Aotearoa." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56248.
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Internationally, sex workers and other people who participate in the sex industry remain subjected to social, economic, and political inequalities on a daily basis. While decriminalisation has been championed by sex workers and advocates in Canada and elsewhere, New Zealand remains the only country to have implemented this model, which is arguably the most conducive to improving the work conditions for sex workers. More than a decade post-decriminalisation, we have scant knowledge on what criteria sex workers use to choose what sectors to work from and the labour conditions existing in those locations. In this case study, I built upon anti-colonial and feminist literature by conducting in-depth interviews with 30 indoor sex workers and 10 managers to discover the advantages and pitfalls to working in the sex industry in Auckland. Placing sex workers’ voices centre stage, I explore what motivates their involvement in sex work and the meanings they attach to their work. Second, I describe the work conditions experienced within the managed sector of the sex industry, with a focus on the relations between sex workers and managers. Lastly, I further the understanding of working conditions experienced in the private sector, and private workers’ ability to create their ideal work environment within a decriminalised context, specifically worker-run cooperatives. I found that sex workers seek greater autonomy over their work processes but that constraining dynamics prevent them from doing so. These dynamics include the whore stigma, discrimination outside of the sex work community, and the presence of restrictive by-laws. Overall, my participants described a disjuncture between the rights granted by the 2003 change in law and their lived experiences that jeopardized their occupational well-being. I provide social and policy recommendations for areas related to stigma and working environments.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Sociology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Cunningham, Caitlin Ann. ""Unfit for publication" : rape, assault, and assault with intent in colonial Aotearoa New Zealand, 1842-1872." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50263.
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In Aotearoa New Zealand between 1842 and 1872 British colonial judges, juries, and reporters expressed their particular understandings of what constituted “rape” in the contexts of Supreme Court trials. Both white and Maori women encountered scepticism in court and a share of the responsibility for provoking the crimes carried out against them, although Maori women faced particular vilification. While judges frequently declared their strong aversion to the crime of sexual assault, they rarely backed their rhetoric up with strict sentencing practices, even when the male perpetrators were Maori. As a result, an important distinction arose between hypothetical scenarios of rape, characterized by judges and the press as egregious, and real life cases, which rarely met the high standards of rape according to definitions recorded in the press. Through the primary use of newspaper reports on Supreme Court trials contained in the Papers Past database, this thesis explores the contours of these hegemonic definitions of sexual violence in a formative moment of British colonization efforts in New Zealand. It traces the struggle between British masculinity and Maori resistance efforts, and how this struggle played out in heterosexual rape trials tried according to British colonial law. While Maori tribes successfully resisted the British colonial take-over of both their cultural autonomy and land, the British responded by softening the boundaries of race and strengthening the bond of masculine power. In this moment, rape became a symbol of both social chaos through a failure of controlled Victorian masculinity, and representative of men’s nearly limitless access to women’s bodies.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>History, Department of<br>Graduate
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Cormack, Donna Moana. "Once an Other, always an Other: Contemporary discursive representations of the Asian Other in Aotearoa/New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2644.
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Developments in the theorising of representation and the constitutive nature of language have encouraged an increased scholarly interest in the discursive construction of social identities, relations, and realities. This includes a growing body of literature internationally that focuses on the construction of social groups positioned as Others. However, critical research in this area is more limited in the domestic setting. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, the contemporary construction of social identities is embedded within a specific socio-political and historical context, including a particular colonial context. This context is fundamental to the ways in which social relations between the white settler Self and various Other groups have been, and continue to be, constituted. In this thesis, I have explored the discursive representation of Asian identity in dominant institutional discourses in Aotearoa/New Zealand, with a particular focus on the construction of the Asian as Other. Using critical discourse analysis, contemporary newspaper and parliamentary texts were examined to identify content areas, discursive strategies, and lexical choices involved in the representation of the Asian Other by elite institutions in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Through this process, several recurring manifestations of Asian Otherness were recognised, namely those of Asians as threat, Asian as impermanent, Asian as commodity, and Asian as victim. These representations of the Asian Other embody continuities and contradictions. They function to contribute to contemporary understandings and positionings of Asian individuals and collectives, to the ongoing construction of the Self in Aotearoa/New Zealand, and to the broader national narrative.
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Peck, Mikaere Michelle S. "Summerhill school is it possible in Aotearoa ??????? New Zealand ???????: Challenging the neo-liberal ideologies in our hegemonic schooling system." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2794.
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The original purpose of this thesis is to explore the possibility of setting up a school in Aotearoa (New Zealand) that operates according to the principles and philosophies of Summerhill School in Suffolk, England. An examination of Summerhill School is therefore the purpose of this study, particularly because of its commitment to self-regulation and direct democracy for children. My argument within this study is that Summerhill presents precisely the type of model Māori as Tangata Whenua (Indigenous people of Aotearoa) need in our design of an alternative schooling programme, given that self-regulation and direct democracy are traits conducive to achieving Tino Rangitiratanga (Self-government, autonomy and control). In claiming this however, not only would Tangata Whenua benefit from this model of schooling; indeed it has the potential to serve the purpose of all people regardless of age race or gender. At present, no school in Aotearoa has replicated Summerhill's principles and philosophies in their entirety. Given the constraints of a Master's thesis, this piece of work is therefore only intended as a theoretical background study for a much larger kaupapa (purpose). It is my intention to produce a further and more comprehensive study in the future using Summerhill as a vehicle to initiate a model school in Aotearoa that is completely antithetical to the dominant neo-liberal philosophy of our age. To this end, my study intends to demonstrate how neo-liberal schooling is universally dictated by global money market trends, and how it is an ideology fueled by the indifferent acceptance of the general population. In other words, neo-liberal theory is a theory of capitalist colonisation. In order to address the long term vision, this project will be comprised of two major components. The first will be a study of the principal philosophies that govern Summerhill School. As I will argue, Summerhill creates an environment that is uniquely successful and fulfilling for the children who attend. At the same time, it will also be shown how it is a philosophy that is entirely contrary to a neo-liberal 3 mindset; an antidote, to a certain extent, to the ills of contemporary schooling. The second component will address the historical movement of schooling in Aotearoa since the Labour Party's landslide victory in 1984, and how the New Zealand Curriculum has been affected by these changes. I intend to trace the importation of neo-liberal methodologies into Aotearoa such as the 'Picot Taskforce,' 'Tomorrows Schools' and 'Bulk Funding,' to name but a few. The neo-liberal ideologies that have swept through this country in the last two decades have relentlessly metamorphosised departments into businesses and forced ministries into the marketplace, hence causing the 'ideological reduction of education' and confining it to the parameters of schooling. The purpose of this research project is to act as a catalyst for the ultimate materialization of an original vision; the implementation of a school like Summerhill in Aotearoa. A study of the neo-liberal ideologies that currently dominate this country is imperative in order to understand the current schooling situation in Aotearoa and create an informed comparison between the 'learning for freedom' style of Summerhill and the 'learning to earn' style of our status quo schools. It is my hope to strengthen the argument in favour of Summerhill philosophy by offering an understanding of the difference between the two completely opposing methods of learning.