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1
Slatton, Jason Edward. "Night moves". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008m/slatton.pdf.
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Yoshimura, Koji. "Factors associated with night-time frequency". Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135914.
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Rolls, Elsie E. C. "Night time sleeping in a nursing home". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0022/MQ36372.pdf.
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Eriksen, Claire Anne. "Sleepiness - night work, time zones and activity /". Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-790-1/.
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Harrington, Liam. "Computer modelling of night-time natural ventilation". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7535.
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Wind-induced ventilation has the potential to reduce cooling energy use in buildings. One method this can be achieved is by the use of night-time ventilation to cool down the structure of a building, resulting in lower air and radiant temperatures during the day. To design effective naturally ventilated buildings, evaluation tools are needed that are able to assess the performance of a building. The primary goal of this work was to develop such a tool, that is suitable for use in annual building energy simulation. The model presented, is intermediate in complexity between a CFD numerical model and current single air node models, having seven nodes. The thesis describes how numerical and experimental data have been used to develop the structure and define the parameters of the simplified nodal model. Numerical calculations of the flow and temperature fields have been made with a coupled flow and radiant exchange CFD code. Numerically derived velocity dependent convective heat transfer coefficients are compared with experimental measurements made in room ventilated by cross-flow means, and with empirical correlations cited by other studies. Bulk convection between the air nodes of the simplified nodal model has been derived from a numerical study of contaminant dispersal. The performance of the model is demonstrated by making comparisons with the predictions of a single air node model.
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Baibakov, Konstantin. "Characterisation of night-time aerosols using starphotometry". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2613.
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This is a study concerning the use of starphotometry to retrieve night-time aerosol optical depths (AODs). In the summer of 2007 a SPSTAR03 starphotometer was installed at a rural site at Egbert, Ontario for the purpose of the nighttime AOD measurements. Two series of daytime / nighttime AODs were acquired using the CIMEL CE 318 sunphotometer and the SPSTAR03 from Aug. 31 to Sept. 19 2007 and from June 30 to July 5, 2008. The measurements were complemented by vertical backscatter coefficient profiles acquired using a pulsed lidar. We found that starphotometer AOD estimates, based on the application of a two star method (TSM) to low and high elevation stars, are susceptible to atmospheric inhomogeneity effects. Starphotometer AOD estimates based on the one star method (OSM) reduce this sensitivity, but require absolute calibration values. A level of continuity was obtained between the daytime sunphotometry and nighttime starphotometry data. A continuity parameter (defined as the average difference between the measured nighttime and interpolated daytime values) was calculated over four distinct periods. It yielded the differences of 0.160, 0.053, 0.139 (total, fine and coarse mode optical depths) for the low star and 0.195, 0.070, 0.149 for the high star. We argue that cloud screening would have reduced the continuity parameter differences for the coarse and total optical depths. For 5 out of , 8 nights of lidar operation, a combination of the Angstrom and Spectral Deconvolution Algorithm (SDA) analysis provided an indication of the nature of the atmospheric features seen in the lidar data. Fine and coarse-mode events were detected during the measurement periods using the SDA. Lidar data was used to better understand complex atmospheric phenomena and was found especially effective for cloud detection and general signal increase/decrease analysis.
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Xu, Shuiai. "Automatic location of number plates at night time". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16482.
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In transport information area, in order to improve control system, identifying vehicle plates is very important. For that reason we are focusing on recognizing the vehicle plate from an image. To distinguish one car from others, one should remove all area except the vehicle plate. Due to the extra difficulties, like limited light, distances, moving etc., it can be hard to detect the final vehicle plate. In this work, we have solved the location of vehicle plate at night time, by separating the objects from the background by using morphological processing and analyzing the characteristics of vehicle plates by using removal of noise and mathematical calculations. According to some characteristics of cars and vehicle plates we developed an algorithm to detect the number of final vehicle plate. This algorithm works fine, and the detected result is accurate.
8
Piscia, Davide. "Analysis of night-time climate in plastic-covered grenhouses". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123772.
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Este trabajo analiza el clima nocturno del invernadero. EL objeto del estudio es el invernadero de plástico sin calefacción, cuyo clima se estudia utilizando modelos CFD, modelos basados en los balance de energía (ES) y s datos experimentales. El fin es doble, por un lado se trata de analizar y comprender el clima nocturno del invernadero, y proponer soluciones a los problemas relacionados con las altas tasas de humedad. Por otro lado se investigan nuevos métodos de simulación del clima del invernadero, métodos basados en el uso conjunto o acoplamiento de modelos CFD y ES , y también basados en la técnica de optimización.
El Capitulo 1 introduce el contexto general y los objetivos que plantea el trabajo. El Capitulo 2 estudia el clima nocturno en un invernadero de capa sencilla. Para ello desarrolla un modelo CFD que incluye una UDF (User Define Function) para calcular la tasa de condensación. Una vez validado el modelo se analiza el comportamiento del invernadero bajo distintas condiciones de contorno.. El Capitulo 3 analiza una solución para combatir las bajas temperaturas nocturnas, la pantalla térmica. Los efectos de la pantalla se analizan mediante el uso del CFD. Se lleva a cabo una comparación completa entre el invernadero de capa sencilla y el invernadero con pantalla. El capitulo proporciona información detallada sobre el clima del invernadero y presenta un estudio paramétrico del efecto de la temperatura equivalente del cielo y la cesión de calor desde el suelo en el clima del invernadero con pantalla térmica. EL Capitulo 4 presenta un nuevo método para optimizar el diseño del invernadero. El método se basa en el acoplamiento de dos algoritmos de optimización que operan con el modelo ES. A su vez el modelo ES está conectado con el modelo CFD. El objetivo es doble, por un lado introducir una nueva manera de optimizar el diseño del invernadero, y por el otro lado tratar de resolver uno de los problemas evidenciados en el capítulo 2. El resultado muestra que un material de cubierta de alto poder de reflexión del infrarrojo lejano aportaría mejorías relevantes al clima del invernadero. El Capitulo 5 presenta un modelo acoplado para el estudio del clima del invernadero. EL CFD se utiliza para proporcionar las tasas de ventilación y los coeficientes convectivos al modelo ES. Esta técnica se utiliza para estudiar los efectos de diferentes estrategias de ventilación sobre el régimen de humedad con diferentes condiciones externas. Finalmente, el Capitulo 6 resume las conclusiones y propone algunos temas para futuras investigacionesThis work studied night-time greenhouse climate. The focus was on unheated plastic greenhouses and analyses were carried out using CFD models, Energy balance (ES) models and experimental data. The aims were twofold: on the one hand, it was intended to analyse and understand night-time greenhouse climate and propose solutions to the high-humidity issue. On the other hand, the aim was to investigate novel simulation approaches based on the coupling of CFD and ES models as well as the use of optimisation algorithms to study greenhouse climate. Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter which includes the general context and overall research objectives. Chapter 2 studies night-time climate in single-layer greenhouses by means of CFD. The model is validated and condensation User Defined Function (UDF) is introduced which accounted for the condensation rate found on the inner face of the greenhouse cover. Chapter 3 studies a commonly used solution to the issue of low night-time temperature. A thermal screen was analysed by means of CFD simulations. A thorough comparison was made between single-layer and screened greenhouses and detailed information was provided in order to build a framework for taking decisions as to whether to use a screen or not. Chapter 4 introduces a novel approach to optimizing greenhouse design; the approach relies on two optimization algorithms linked to an ES model which was coupled to a CFD model. The aim of the study was twofold: on the one hand to introduce a method offering a general approach for optimizing greenhouse design and on the other, to attempt to solve one of the issues highlighted in Chapter 2. It was shown that using a highly reflective covering material would have a theoretically significant impact on greenhouse performance. Chapter 5 introduces a coupled model for studying greenhouse climate. The CFD was used to provide the ventilation rate and convective coefficients for the ES model. This approach was applied to study the effects of different ventilation strategies on humidity under different outside air conditions. Finally Chapter 6 summarizes the conclusions and proposes themes for future research.
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Davidson, Neil. "Space, place and policing in Scotland's night-time economy". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/866cdd5f-8501-43a5-ba2b-03b856324b74.
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There is a growing political discourse in Scotland acknowledging alcohol to be a significant contributor to crime. A significant portion of this is directly related to the evening and night-time drinking based leisure industry i.e. the night-time economy (NTE). The NTE is often characterised by violent and disorderly behaviour concentrated in and around pubs and nightclubs (‘hotspots’) on weekend nights presenting considerable public health, criminal justice and urban management issues. Recently the political rhetoric has been backed up by new legislation in an attempt to counterbalance what was previously a market-driven economy. There now exists various crime reduction partnerships and situational crime prevention technologies to restrict and control certain behaviours and the presence and movements of persons and groups. This research project has specifically focussed on the role of police in this rapidly changing regulatory NTE context. Combining data gathered from participant observation sessions with front-line police and in-depth interviews with multiple NTE stakeholders in a multi-site comparison study across Scotland, this research project provides a robust evidential base from which to analyse and interpret policing of the NTE at the national and local scales using various conceptual frameworks of contemporary policing in western societies. What my findings have shown is that front-line officers have adapted their police work in order to suit the specific context within which they are operating. I have termed this specific variation on traditional understandings of ‘cop culture’ as being the ‘street craft of policing the NTE’. Furthermore, while this street craft was evident across all three case study areas, the extremely tangled and convoluted nature of local security provision at the local scale necessitates that front-line officers adapt this street craft to meet the local specificities of their respective NTEs.
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Sebastiani, Federica. "Neutron reflectometry and ellipsometry applied to atmospheric night-time oxidation". Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658001.
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The fate of atmospheric aerosol is currently attracting increased attention from the scientific community because its impact on the Earth's radiative balance and on cloud formation is still largely unknown. To understand the ageing process of aerosol it is helpful to investigate heterogeneous reactions occurring between organic surface films and gas-phase oxidants. While most studies have focused on the abundant daytime oxidants 0 3 and OH, during the night-time the OH concentration is very low and the concentration of the more potent NO:! becomes significant. In this thesis insoluble organic monolayers at a planar air-water interface were used as proxies for films on atmospheric aerosol, and the surface excess kinetics were monitored in situ using a combination of neutron reflectometry (NIt) and ellipsometry. A range of compounds were chosen to allow a study of the effects on the reaction kinetics and product formation of the chain length, type of headgroup and degree of unsaturation on the organic molecule as well as the type of oxidant. To allow the work to be performed several key developments were carried out: a refined method for NR data analysis, the commissioning of a dedicated new miniature sample chamber, rigorous calibration of the oxidant concentrations and development of a kinetic model. The limitations of ellipsometry as a substitute for NIt for the study of pure syst.ems were explored, yet its potential to provide complementary information about product formation was demonstrated. Six reactions of pure organic monolayers revealed that the degree of unsaturation of the chain was by far the biggest factor for the reaction rate, although other differences were also systematically examined. Two binary mixtures were investigated showing that the reaction rate is consistently lower in mixed films, which may help to explain discrepancies in the literature between laboratory studies and field measurements.
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Blecher, Mischa. "An Investigation into the Night-Time Economy in Long Street". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13233.
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Includes bibliographical references.This paper investigates the night-time economy (NTE) present in Cape Town, focusing on Long Street as its spatialized case, to ascertain the credibility of it becoming a 24 hour (24-h) city. A diverse and vibrant NTE is seen as the foundation of a 24-h city which is inclusive of the broader community. The concept, originally developed in the United Kingdom (UK) as the 24-h planning policy-package, sought to create active city centres at night by embracing a neoliberal approach to managing the NTE. This package revolved around getting people into the city centre at night, as well as promoting their participation in the NTE. This was meant to be achieved by the deregulation of liquor laws and some amendment of municipal by-laws. However, the policy-package had the opposite effect, and resulted in the proliferation of youthful adults engaged in acts of transgression and anti-social behaviours. Consequently, the broader community was driven away from city centres at night as they became designated spaces of ‘patterned liminality' -- when social order dissolved and transgressions were normalised. The research, conducted using a case study method, is comprised of primary and secondary data. This includes evidence from 16 interviews, a photo essay, and infield observations which together indicate that there are distinct parallels between the alcohol-fuelled and youth-dominated NTEs in the UK and the NTE found in Long Street. The research concludes that Long Street has become a space of ‘patterned liminality' where anti-social behaviour is acted out, resulting in an exclusionary effect for the broader community. In light of this evidence Cape Town can make no claim to be a true 24-h city. The dissertation concludes by suggesting recommendations aimed at creating a more inclusive NTE aligned with the 24-h city ideals. These include: temporary pedestrianisation, the extension of retail trading hours, amendment the Western Cape Liquor Act of 2008 to include a saturation point for liquor licences in a specified area, investigation of the feasibility of a night market, promotion of cultural events not centred around drinking, and ensuring that Long Street is a well-lit space at night.
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Dahlqvist, Caroline, e Hanna Eriksson. "Night-Time Observations of Earth : Satellite Orbit Modied for UHECR Observations". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-249172.
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Particles with energies higher than 3. 10.19 eV are generally referred to as Ultra- High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) and their sources are currently unknown. The observations of these particles are performed during the night from ground observatories or telescopes mounted on stratospheric balloons or, in the near future, from the International Space Station (ISS). In this report, different orbit types are analysed and compared with the ISS in terms of the duration of the sub-point in night-time (umbra), the observed area on the ground in umbra and estimations of the observable number of events.
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Stone, Ben (Ben Joshua). "Designing a moment in time : First Night and Boston's public spaces". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44344.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references.
From the international Olympic Games to small-scale neighborhood street festivals, ephemeral events produce profound effects on the image of their host cities; in turn, these cities' images influence the character of the ephemeral events produced within the public realm. Boston's annual New Year's Eve celebration, First Night Boston, is among a small group of ephemeral events that significantly contribute to the image of the city. This thesis contains an analysis of the successes, failures, and challenges faced by First Night Boston over the past three decades. Through an analysis of First Night's financial records, event siting, attendance, programming, and in-depth qualitative interviews with key informants, I examine the growth of First Night Boston from a grassroots New Year's Eve celebration on and around Boston Common to one of the largest New Year's Eve events in the world, and the subsequent scaling back of the celebration after the millennium. I trace how First Night's constituency and mission has changed throughout this process, specifically focusing on how changes in funders' priorities and shifting interpretations of First Night's four pillars have caused First Night's programming to become dominated by community arts groups and youth artists rather than professional artists and performers. I frame this discussion by profiling other cities' First Night celebrations and several of Boston's other ephemeral events.
(cont) My appraisal of First Night's strengths and shortcomings equips me to examine the challenges and opportunities facing the celebration as it grapples with an expected expansion towards the Boston Harbor waterfront. I provide recommendations regarding how such an expansion can be designed to maximize the quality of the celebration. Specifically, First Night should take advantage of the new Rose Kennedy Greenway, use outdoor programming to control attendees' movement throughout the celebration and to draw them towards indoor venues, engage the local cultural institutions and artist community in programming and planning for the expansion of First Night. I argue that First Night's organizers should reframe the upcoming expansion as an exercise in urban planning and design in which the network of indoor and outdoor venues and interstitial spaces are considered holistically, rather than considering events individually.
by Ben Stone.
M.C.P.
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Rio, A. "Investigation of intelligent adaptive image enhancement to aid night time driving". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11091.
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Driving at night is a difficult task. In an attempt to ease this task, most automotive
companies are developing systems that aim to increase the safety of the driver and
his/her passengers at night. Jaguar Cars Ltd have been involved in such project
for several years and have developed a Night Vision System (NVS) based upon the
Near Infrared (NIR) and Head-Up Display (HUD) technologies.
This thesis is concerned with the application of digital image enhancement algorithms
to further increase the driver's visual range at night. The purpose of this
research work is to provide the driver with a safe and non-disturbing, enhanced view
of the road scene ahead, which is presented on a head-up display.
In this automotive environment, specific requirements such as real-time processing,
robustness and reliability must be kept in mind to design algorithms that will not
compromise the safety of the driver, his/her passengers and other road users.
To fulfill these requirements, we have developed a novel intelligent image enhancement
scheme for night time driving that actively adapts to the road scene. This
scheme results in the enhancement of the contrast in a portion of the projected
HUD road scene as if extra headlamps were directed to the region of the image
that represents where the road is going. Human Factors studies have shown that
this region is where the driver is concentrating his attention when driving. The
position of the region of interest is defined by the computation of an approximation
of the vanishing point of the road, updated for every frame using a novel, reliable
and optimised road edge detection algorithm. The enhancement of the contrast
within the region of interest is obtained by applying several novel low-level algorithms
based upon the grey level segmentation of the image into regions and the use
of the global histogram equalisation and quantised bi-histogram equalisation algorithms.
These novel algorithms have all been implemented on the Matrox Genesis
board based upon the multitasking, multiprocessor and parallel DSP TMS320C80
chip from Texas Instruments. All algorithms described in this thesis are able to
sustain real-time processing at the NTSC frame rate of 30 frames per second.
This new concept for a night time driving aid is an attractive solution that meets
the numerous requirements driven by Human Factors research in an automotive
environment, in particular safety requirements.
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Rio, Alexandre. "Investigation of intelligent adaptive image enhancement to aid night time driving". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11091.
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Driving at night is a difficult task. In an attempt to ease this task, most automotive companies are developing systems that aim to increase the safety of the driver and his/her passengers at night. Jaguar Cars Ltd have been involved in such project for several years and have developed a Night Vision System (NVS) based upon the Near Infrared (NIR) and Head-Up Display (HUD) technologies. This thesis is concerned with the application of digital image enhancement algorithms to further increase the driver's visual range at night. The purpose of this research work is to provide the driver with a safe and non-disturbing, enhanced view of the road scene ahead, which is presented on a head-up display. In this automotive environment, specific requirements such as real-time processing, robustness and reliability must be kept in mind to design algorithms that will not compromise the safety of the driver, his/her passengers and other road users. To fulfill these requirements, we have developed a novel intelligent image enhancement scheme for night time driving that actively adapts to the road scene. This scheme results in the enhancement of the contrast in a portion of the projected HUD road scene as if extra headlamps were directed to the region of the image that represents where the road is going. Human Factors studies have shown that this region is where the driver is concentrating his attention when driving. The position of the region of interest is defined by the computation of an approximation of the vanishing point of the road, updated for every frame using a novel, reliable and optimised road edge detection algorithm. The enhancement of the contrast within the region of interest is obtained by applying several novel low-level algorithms based upon the grey level segmentation of the image into regions and the use of the global histogram equalisation and quantised bi-histogram equalisation algorithms. These novel algorithms have all been implemented on the Matrox Genesis board based upon the multitasking, multiprocessor and parallel DSP TMS320C80 chip from Texas Instruments. All algorithms described in this thesis are able to sustain real-time processing at the NTSC frame rate of 30 frames per second. This new concept for a night time driving aid is an attractive solution that meets the numerous requirements driven by Human Factors research in an automotive environment, in particular safety requirements.
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Robinson, David. "Low-level night-time light therapy for age-related macular degeneration". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/108368/.
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the developed world (Wong et al., 2014). The exact causes of AMD are unclear but hypoxia has been implicated (Stefánsson et al., 2011). If hypoxia has a role in the pathogenesis of AMD treatments that mitigate the effect of retinal hypoxia may slow disease progression. This thesis aimed to establish the impact of light therapy, as delivered using a light emitting mask, on the progression of AMD. A phase I/IIa randomised controlled trial was implemented in which 60 participants with early and intermediate AMD were allocated to the intervention or the untreated control group in a 1:1 ratio and monitored over 12 months. The ability of secondary outcome measures (including: rate of cone dark adaptation, 14Hz flicker threshold and chromatic thresholds) to identify the likely risk of progression from early and intermediate AMD to advanced AMD was also assessed in a cross-sectional study evaluating the relationship between each baseline outcome measure and the severity of fundus changes. Sixty participants were recruited of which 47 (20 intervention, 27 control) completed the 12 month follow-up period. No significant difference was found in the change of any parameter between groups apart from the time constant of cone-photoreceptor recovery (cone τ), which was increased to a greater extent in the treated group. An additional 40 participants were recruited to the cross-sectional study (n=100). Measurement of cone τ was identified as the best independent predictor of increased AMD severity based on the AREDS Simplified Severity Scale (Ferris et al., 2005). Although a greater proportion of controls (48%) than mask wearers (38%) showed disease progression over the duration of the trial this difference did not reach statistical significance.
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Closs, Susan José. "Surgical patients' experiences of sleep, night-time pain and analgesic provision". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19632.
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This thesis examines the interactions between sleep and pain through three studies of surgical patients. The first survey examined 200 patients' experiences of sleep in hospital; the second study examined analgesic provision retrospectively for a sub-sample of 36 patients from the initial survey; and the third study concentrated on 100 patients' experiences of, and the relationships between, sleep, pain and analgesic provision. The first study indicated that the majority of patients felt that their sleep was worse in hospital than at home. Pain or discomfort were cited by 90% of patients as disturbing sleep at night. The frequency with which pain was reported as a cause of disrupted sleep prompted the next stage of work. Second, a retrospective examination of analgesic provision for a sub-sample of patients from the first study showed that analgesics were given approximately half as frequently during the night than during the day. It was also found that a mean of only 27% of the maximum doses of analgesics prescribed were actually given within the immediate post-operative period. In the third study, closer attention was paid to relationships between post-operative pain, sleep and analgesic provision. Pain was the most commonly reported cause of night-time sleep disturbance. Almost three-quarters of the sample reported that pain had interfered with sleep in some way. Virtually half of the patients felt that pain was worse at night. Many patients held strong beliefs about the relationships between pain and sleep. Over one-third of the patients felt that tiredness affected post-operative pain, for the most part making it worse. One-third felt that sleep reduced the intensity of the pain. Over three-quarters felt that sleep helped them to cope effectively with their pain and almost all believed that sleep had a positive effect on recovery. Patients received fewest doses of opioid analgesics during the night (as in the second study), while the majority of doses were given in the morning and evening. This circadian pattern of administration was not evident for non-opioid analgesics. Between one-fifth and one-quarter of the maximum possible amount of analgesics prescribed was actually given during the first two post-operative days. Overall, these studies underline that sleep and pain are inextricably linked and achieving adequate sleep and pain control presents particular problems for post-operative patients. It is recommended that the interactions between sleep and pain should be recognised by nurse practitioners, educators and researchers. Ways of improving night-time post-operative care are discussed with particular reference to the development of effective and efficient methods of assessing and controlling pain at night. Such advances in care might promote sleep and recovery from surgery.
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Senthilnathan, Vatihianathan. "An analytical investigation into the visibility of pavement marking lines during night time in curves". Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175622804.
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Alcala, Morgan. "The maternal experience of having a child with night-time sleep difficulties". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/333477.
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Aims: The main aim of this research was to add depth of understanding and a human voice to existing research on the maternal experience of having a child with night-time sleep difficulties. It was hoped that this increased understanding could be used by counselling psychologists, not only in their own clinical practice but also when supporting physical health practitioners who have direct contact with this client group. Method: Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers who had children over the age of one who were experiencing night-time sleep difficulties. The interviews were transcribed and analysed in accordance with grounded theory methods. A constructivist version of grounded theory was utilised as outlined by Charmaz (2006). Analysis: A central story line of ‘no choice but to function’ emerged. This refers to the place where these mothers found themselves after attempts to solve their child’s sleep problem had proved ineffective, and describes a state of both ‘coping’ and immense struggle. A number of categories were identified which contribute to this central storyline. A process was identified that outlined the stages that all participants moved through as they encountered and adapted to this experience. Personal Conflicts were also identified which described the experience and impact of fatigue, uncertainty and conflicting emotions. Categories of Responsibility and Isolation also emerged and were found to potentially lead to many personal needs not being met iii and a lack of engagement with support (including that of health professionals). Furthermore, a category of Coping highlighted not only the participants’ reflections on how they coped but also potential future avenues of support. Conclusion: The aims of this research were met with a deeper understanding of this population being obtained and a human voice being added to the existing research on this subject. Findings from this research offer a theoretical model which highlights not only the physical, emotional and systemic struggles encountered by the participants that were interviewed, but also provides suggestions based on these findings for future research and clinical practice.
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Nicholls, Emily Margaret Louise. "Running the tightrope : negotiating femininities in the night time economy in Newcastle". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2966.
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This project explores young women’s understandings of what it means to be (in)appropriately feminine, the ways in which the boundaries of femininities are negotiated through women’s embodied practices in the Night Time Economy and the types of behaviours and identities that are enabled or constrained as a result. Within the academic literature, appropriate femininity has traditionally been associated with passivity, respectability and control. Yet understandings of the meanings and scope of femininities and the implications for the lived experiences of women are more contested in contemporary research, where it is useful to imagine women as negotiating a plurality of ‘femininities’ whose importance shifts across contexts. Within a supposed ‘post-feminist’ society, some women may arguably be able to claim new feminine identities drawing on elements of empowerment, independence and agency. However, it is important to consider how far traditional understandings of femininities may continue to impact on young women’s experiences and the extent to which women even consider being ‘feminine’ to be important. This research contributes to an emerging field of literature exploring the ways in which women manage some of the tensions and contradictions inherent in understandings of appropriate femininities in contemporary spaces. Adding to recent work on the ways in which embodied experience shapes and constructs identities in the Night Time Economy, this research uses semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 26 young women aged 18-25 to demonstrate some of the ways in which young women define and manage the boundaries of femininities - both on a ‘girls’ nights out’ with female friends and when engaging with the Night Time Economy more widely - in the post-industrial city of Newcastle, UK. The research also examines the ways in which class, sexuality, age and ‘Geordie’ identities are implicated in such processes, impacting upon the extent to which different women can engage in traditionally non-feminine behaviour without damaging their claims to respectable feminine identities.
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Pourgoures, Stylianos. "An ethnographic analysis of the night-time entertainment market economy of Limassol". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12285/.
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This paper contributes to the scholarly and practitioner understanding of entertainment marketing, management and consumption through an ethnographic study of an urban night-time entertainment economy. The inquiry sought to answer the research question: “In a night-time entertainment economy, what are the key issues in exchange relationships between entertainment venue producers and individual and collective consumers?” The thesis reports on an ethnographic study of the entertainment night-time economy of Limassol (Cyprus) from a marketing and consumption point of view in order to answer the main research question of the study. This led to the development of five research objectives, namely: (1) To identify different types of music venues located in urban Limassol and their entertainment production approaches; (2) to identify and describe possible consumer groups, their shared values and consumption patterns; (3) to explore and understand the exchange relationships within and between artists, customers and venues; (4) to explore and understand issues related to consumption and production of night-time entertainment; (5) to evaluate and examine how tribal and entertainment marketing theories might be helpful in understanding the night-time entertainment economy. The study drew on a range of literatures, including entertainment management, marketing and consumption; arts marketing; tribal marketing; and recent work on the night-time economy. The ethnographic approach to the inquiry was designed to provide a thick description of the night-time economy and thereby facilitate a holistic understanding of the exchange relationships in their operating context. The fieldwork lasted 18 months with data collection involving 30 mainly individual interviews with venue promoters, consumers and musicians and DJs, as well as photography, extensive participant observation, numerous informal conversations, as well as information-gathering on social media and web-sites. Two types of venues were clearly found to be operating in the study environment, and these differed considerably in their entertainment marketing strategies, one type more economically driven, the other more artistically driven. Their strategies were reflected in different approaches to pricing, target markets, door policies, and associated clientele. Entertainment venues and consumer group identification were found to be closely interlinked. Identification of consumer groups in a night-time entertainment environment was found to be relying upon the availability of venues. Consumer groups were clearly seen to differ visually and could be divided into two types that reflected their venue consumption choices. One group of consumers were extensively labeled by consumers as one cohesive group entitled “High Class” and this group were associated with showing off, following trends, wealth, self-centrism, pretentiousness, closed-mindedness, and uncritical consumption of chart music. The other group of consumers were labeled as being open-minded and more sociable, with particular interests in music, the arts, live events and culture. Within this second group a range of sub-groups were identified, namely: Hippies, Rockers, Gays and Artists. The common motives behind consumers’ consumption of entertainment were also analysed and found to be strongly related to socialising, communication, and change of environment. Issues related to production and consumption of night-time entertainment were also analysed and found to be strongly related with local authorities and a saturated market. Entertainment consumption choices of individuals were evidenced as being based on personal individual preferences rather than perceived group affiliation, while de- marginalisation of consumers was extensively found to be of great value to consumers. The study contributes to the entertainment management, marketing and consumption literature by focusing attention on a geographically restricted space in order to assess current marketing theories and practices related to the subject. It is the first marketing ethnography of a night-time entertainment economy and provides a thick description of exchange relationships, thus enabling a more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon. It problematises the theoretical utility and practical application of the notion of tribal marketing in a specific locale and provides evidence of the influence of entertainment providers in shaping consumer behaviour.
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PENDSE, RAHUL S. "Incorporation of Natural Ventilation in a Commercial HVAC System Using Temperature as a Comfort Parameter". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1083031216.
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James, Francine O. "Circadian adaptation to full-time night shift work with bright light intervention regimen". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31243.
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The primary consequence of night shift work is a misalignment of the endogenous circadian pacemaker with the inverted sleep-wake cycle. This study evaluated the efficacy of a judicious schedule of light exposure on circadian adaptation to night work. Fifteen night shift workers (mean age +/-S.E.M.: 41.8 +/- 1.8 years) were studied for 3 weeks in their work environments under one of two experimental conditions. Treatment group participants underwent an intervention including bright light in the workplace, while control group participants were studied in their habitual light environments. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated in the laboratory via constant routines. Following the intervention, treatment group subjects displayed a mean phase delay of (+/-S.E.M.) -9.32 +/- 1.06 hours and full entrainment to the night-oriented schedule while control group subjects displayed a phase delay -4.09 +/- 1.94 hours and a partial entrainment (F(1,30) = 11.33, p = 0.002). The results of this study suggest a means of alleviating the difficulties associated with night shift work with control of the overall pattern of light exposure.
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Bin, Ja'afar Mohamad Fakri Zaky. "Domestic air conditioning in Malaysia : night time thermal comfort and occupants adaptive behaviour". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444280/.
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This is the first study of night time thermal comfort in Malaysia as well as the first study of sleeping comfort level. The focus of the investigation, the use of air-conditioners in homes clearly indicates a problem. Evidences of overcooling (76% of the cases) and sleep interruptions (45% of cases) to adjust control are found. In around 38% of the cases, the internal thermal profiles never reached a stable condition instead they keep cooling throughout the night until the units are turned off in the morning. The act of putting on a thicker, comforter type blanket, more of a psychological choice than a physiological need, during air-conditioned occupancy, results in people operating their air-conditioners at lower than the optimum temperature level. A thermal comfort field survey was conducted by monitoring 29 air-conditioned bedrooms, investigating the environmental conditions, the corresponding comfort perceptions and occupants' adaptive behaviour. Thermal neutralities and thermal acceptability for night-time occupancy in air-conditioned homes are established. Statistically significant difference is found between the neutral air temperature of normal blanket users (27.5 °C) and that of comforter users (25.2 °C). Thermal acceptability and comfort range for each group have also been established. A simulation study was conducted and it shows that the choice of using a comforter as opposed to a normal blanket results in an increase of up to 52% in the cooling load of a bedroom. This finding suggests that adaptive behaviour does not always result in less energy being used for comfort provision when active cooling is employed.
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Haydock, William. "Gender, class and 'binge' drinking : an ethnography of drinkers in Bournemouth's night-time economy". Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2009. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/16236/.
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In early 21 SI-century Britain there is a focus by media, government and academia on young people's consumption of alcohol - often using the term 'binge' drinking - and how this should be understood and regulated. This thesis argues that contemporary forms of alcohol regulation can be seen as part of a broader neo-liberal mentality of government, encompassing the creation of a classed and gendered figure of the self-disciplined, responsible, ideal citizen. This ethnographic study of the night-time economy in Bournemouth, a town on the south coast of England, considers how young people's drinking practices and discussions relate to these discourses to constitute gender and class. The location and analytical focus of the study complement previous research, which has tended to be based in formerly industrial cities and has either emphasised similarities amongst young people or focused on how drinking practices reflect people's gender and class backgrounds. Interviews were conducted with 20 professionals alongside 45 hours of participant observation resulting in interactions with 113 drinkers. Drawing on the work of Butler and Bourdieu, this study conceives of gender and class as norms that structure people's perceptions of the world and possibilities within it; drinking practices and understandings are both part of these structures and also actions that lead to individuals being consequently classified. Young people's various 'drinking styles' can be arranged on a continuum from the everyday to the carnivalesque. The everyday style draws on the figure of the responsible individual noted in government discourses and oppositional figures such as the 'chav', which distance the speaker from problematic 'binge' drinking in class terms. Other participants labelled such views 'stuck up', as part of a symbolic struggle. In terms of gender, themes of safekeeping interacted with these discourses, as certain practices were considered unfeminine and not 'classy', for example. The thesis argues that, as well as reflecting class and gender, these styles can be seen as discursive resources that authorise accounts of drinking, constituting symbolic capital and therefore class and gender. It is thus argued that the night-time economy is a key site for the formation of class and gender in contemporary British society.
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Hesslewood, Aidan. "Reconstituting troublesome youth in Newcastle upon Tyne : theorising exclusion in the night-time economy". Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3468.
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Following economic stagnation and deindustrialisation in 1970s and 1980s Britain, the shift toward neoliberalism and entrepreneurial urbanism has had profound effects on the ways in which cities are experienced by different socio-cultural groups. As many urban commentators have noted, in the pursuit of maintaining a spatial capital fix, some groups have found themselves increasingly marginalised through various image-related redevelopment processes. The working classes, the homeless and, increasingly, young people continue to be faced with a number of curtailments which restrict access and spatial freedoms. Taking Newcastle upon Tyne and its night-time economy as a case in point, this thesis examines the roles of class identity, delinquency, and exclusion in contemporary nightlife, and how current representations of troublesome youth such as the ‘chav’ are used to articulate exclusionary practices. This thesis, though, also illustrates that exclusion is ultimately driven by commercially-defined imperatives commensurate with extant urbanentrepreneurialism. However, whilst it was initially speculated that the young ‘lower’ classes were excluded from city centre nightlife outright, it was actually found that the night-time economy functions through a number of channelling and redistributive processes. The ‘chav element’, whilst being rejected from many venues, is not wholly excluded from the city centre, but segregated and contained in certain locales. Pointing to a more nuanced idea of exclusion as a spatial restructuring process, this thesis suggests that urban cultural geography should pay closer attention to a temporal, fluid, and fragmentary notion of exclusion that is constantly shifting and transforming alongside other changes in production and consumption.
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Lloyd, Kaelon. "Applying computer analysis to detect and predict violent crime during night time economy hours". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/119677/.
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The Night-Time Economy is characterised by increased levels of drunkenness, disorderly behaviour and assault-related injury. The annual cost associated with violent incidents is approximately £14 billion, with the cost of violence with injury costing approximately 6.6 times more than violence without injury. The severity of an injury can be reduced by intervening in the incident as soon as possible. Both understanding where violence occurs and detecting incidents can result in quicker intervention through effective police resource deployment. Current systems of detection use human operators whose detection ability is poor in typical surveillance environments. This is used as motivation for the development of computer vision-based detection systems. Alternatively, a predictive model can estimate where violence is likely to occur to help law enforcement with the tactical deployment of resources. Many studies have simulated pedestrian movement through an environment to inform environmental design to minimise negative outcomes. For the main contributions of this thesis, computer vision analysis and agent-based modelling are utilised to develop methods for the detection and prediction of violent behaviour respectively. Two methods of violent behaviour detection from video data are presented. Treating violence detection as a classification task, each method reports state-of-the-art classification performance and real-time performance. The first method targets crowd violence by encoding crowd motion using temporal summaries of Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) derived features. The second method, aimed at detecting one-on-one violence, operates by locating and subsequently describing regions of interest based on motion characteristics associated with violent behaviour. Justified using existing literature, the characteristics are high acceleration, non-linear movement and convergent motion. Each violence detection method is used to evaluate the intrinsic properties of violent behaviour. We demonstrate issues associated with violent behaviour datasets by showing that state-of-the-art classification is achievable by exploiting data bias, highlighting potential failure points for feature representation learning schemes. Using agent-based modelling techniques and regression analysis, we discovered that including the effects of alcohol when simulating behaviour within city centre environments produces a more accurate model for predicting violent behaviour.
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White, Amy Victoria. "Hannibal's night time antics: Livy's use of 'The Night' in the third decade to present military operations, develop moral exampla, and examine Rome's past". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Language, Social and Political Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9056.
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It has generally been thought that Hannibal was a hostile individual and despised in Roman society because of his non-Roman status and his apparent tendency to be deceptive, cruel and savage. Yet, our understanding of Hannibal as a character is limited. This thesis attempts to address his characterisation through an examination of his night-time military exploits, and argue that our knowledge of Hannibal can be expanded upon by examining how Livy characterised Hannibal in his account of the Second Punic War. Furthermore, this thesis takes a fresh approach to Hannibal’s characterisation, considering Livy’s use of ‘the night’ in association with military activity, and revealing that Hannibal displayed traits that the Romans themselves valued. Thus, Hannibal’s character is developed through a nocturnal military setting, and he becomes comparable to Rome’s finest generals, including Fabius Maximus, Marcellus and Scipio Africanus. Similarly, it is also shown that he exhibited Roman military virtus in place of the traits traditionally thought to be synonymous with the non-Roman. By analysing the character of Hannibal in this manner, we reveal that in Roman thought he was an ambiguous character, whilst simultaneously highlighting how the Romans both perceived and used the night within the context of the army.
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Aminaei, Amin. "Characteristics of night time absorption spike events as signatures of magnetosphere ionosphere (M-I) coupling". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/6764/.
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Night time absorption spike events (NASE) are common signatures of magnetospheric substorms. Their occurrence in the ionosphere can be easily detected by riometers located at ground based stations. This unique feature is used to achieve a comprehensive study based on 500 NASE occurred during the period 1994-2003 in the IRIS (imaging riometer for ionospheric studies) field of view at Kilpisjarvi, Finland centred at 69.05° N, 20.79° E (L-shell 6.1). NASE generally had similar behaviour which has been mentioned for substorms in the literature. Occurrence of NASE dominates around magnetic local midnight (MLM) with majority of events in the pre-midnight sector. NASE seem to occur more often during high geomagnetic activity according to Kp index variation. Their occurrence during geomagnetic equinoxes is slightly more than that of s~lstices with the peak in the autumn and minimum in the summer time. They also tend to be solar cycle dependent as their appear3?ces during solar minimum dominate in agreement with occurrence of substorms. Our study confIrms most results of previous NASE studies. . . North/westward motion of spike events was dominant with speed in a range of few hundreds to few kms per second. Pi2 pulsations and auroral breakup (found from PIXIE, polar ionospheric X-ray imaging experiment images) are a common feature of NASE. The signifIcant frequency modulation of NASE is in the order of 50 mHz -200 mHz based on wavelet analysis. Apart from these new findings are also discussed in this thesis: Considering the temporal structure and variation of IT.- index, NASE are categorized into 4 classes. Classifications of spike events allow the identification of phenomena such as pseudobreakups from substorms. Another important finding of this study is the location of mapped points of NASE which is in the range of near Earth magnetotail rather than midtail region in favour of current disruption (CD) substorm model as opposed to near Earth neutral line (NENL) model. This yields using geomagnetic field model T-96 and NASE of IRIS and SGO (SodankyHi geophysical observatory) riometers where together covers auroral zone latitudes between 62.42° Nand 77.00 N (L- shell between 3.8-13.6).
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Ellmers, Theresa. "A qualitative study of sleep and the night-time in care homes for older people". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843117/.
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Sleep is an essential contributor to health, well-being and quality of life. This thesis explores sleep and the night-time in care homes for older people. To date there has been a lack of qualitative research to explore what happens in a care home throughout the night and further our understanding of care home residents' experiences of sleep and the night-time. Forming part of the New Dynamics of Ageing funded Sleep in Ageing project, (www.somnia.surrev.ac.uk) the study aims to explore this previously under-researched area using qualitative methodology including interviews with 38 care home residents and 39 staff, together with observations in each home. The research findings from this study identify aspects of the social and physical environment of a care home which influence the experience of the night-time and the quality of residents' sleep, as perceived by both staff and residents. In particular, residents expressed difficulties exerting control over their sleep environment and lacked strategies and support to do this. Personal control over sleeping routines and bedroom privacy was found to be related to levels of physical and cognitive ability. The dominance in care homes of a risk-averse culture which focuses on the ageing body as the centre of risk, and organisational routines during the night-time, facilitated an environment where disturbed sleep becomes a normal part of the sleep experience and an accepted consequence of night-time care. This thesis concludes that the current model of 'care' within care homes is unable to provide individualised support to care home residents that makes possible choice and control over the night time sleep environment, and which does not contribute to the promotion of good quality sleep.
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Mizuno, Seiko. "Effects of night-time and weekend admissions on in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients in Japan". Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253217.
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Garius, Laura L. "Opportunities for physical assault in the night-time economy in England and Wales, 1981-2011/12". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20427.
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Building on a growing body of research linking an opportunity framework to drops in acquisitive crime and most recently, acquisitive violence, the present thesis extends this framework to the downward trajectory of nighttime economy violence in England and Wales, during the phenomenon of the crime drop. Using secondary data analysis of the Crime Survey for England and Wales, the rate of stranger and acquaintance violence within the night-time economy is found to have halved between 1995 and 2011/12; mirroring the dramatic declines experienced by other crime types within England and Wales, and more widely across other westernised countries. Disaggregating this overarching trend by offence and victim characteristics reveals a reduction in alcohol-fuelled, common assaults between young males, occurring in and around the drinking venues of the night-time economy, and during weekends, to be the main driver of the drop. Boden, Fergusson and Horwood (2013) argue that to date there is limited knowledge surrounding the nature of alcohol-related violence. The present research explores the nexus between alcohol and violence through a situational lens. The opportunistic nature of night-time economy violence is identified through offenders' choice of tools (weapons) and selection of targets, as well as the clustering of violence along certain spatial, temporal, and individual, dimensions. The opportunity structure of night-time economy violence is established using multivariate modelling techniques designed to isolate the role of opportunity in assault-victimisation, and resultant severity, from the personal characteristics of the actors involved. Measures of a 'risky lifestyle', characterised by an increase in routine activities that take respondents away from the safety of the home, are found to be the strongest predictors of assault victimisation-risk across every available sweep of the survey. A significant shift in population lifestyle - namely a significant net decline in routine engagement with the drinking venues of the night-time economy, as well as a shift in the gender and age composition of drinking venue patronage - co-varies with the decline in night-time economy violence. However, residual effects of respondents' socio-demographic characteristics on victimisation-risk, after mediating for differences in lifestyle, presents violent victimisation in the night-time economy as a result of a process by which personal traits interact with criminogenic environments. Personal characteristics, however, are weaker in their prediction of offence severity in the night-time economy. Rather, the present research supports a collection of research identifying the context of violence to be the strongest predictor of violent dispute escalation (Brennan, Moore & Shepherd, 2010; Marcus and Reio, 2002).
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Pilcher, Katy Elizabeth Mary. "Erotic dancing in night-time leisure venues : a sociological study of erotic dance performers and customers". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56236/.
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This thesis explores the gender and sexual politics of erotic dance, through an ethnographic investigation of two leisure venues which provide erotic dance entertainment for women audiences in the UK. Using the research techniques of participant observation, qualitative interviews, visual methods, email interviews and internet research, this thesis examines the work roles of women and men dancers, and the interactions of women customers with dancers. In taking both a lesbian leisure venue and a male strip show for analysis, this thesis goes further than previous academic studies which often equate erotic dance with a male clientele base and women performers. The key findings of the thesis are related to three central themes. These are, firstly, the defining of both of the venues as a ‘women-only’ space by customers, and the ways in which this simultaneously both challenges and reproduces heteronormativity. Secondly, findings in both venues point to evidence of an erotic female ‘gaze’ being exercised by women customers. Yet I highlight how this is at times couched in problematic post-feminist conceptions of sexual agency, and further, how some customers articulated a critique of ‘gazing’ as objectifying erotic dancers. I argue that male dancers do not take on a ‘sex object’ role, and suggest that women dancers are able to exercise a gaze directed at women customers in some instances. The third key finding, evident in dancers’ accounts of their working experiences, suggests that their work practices are in many ways similar to concepts of work that are used to discuss service sector labour. I argue that the particular spaces in which dancers work is crucial to their capacity to exercise autonomy in their work role. Overall, the thesis develops a more complex analysis of participants’ engagement with erotic dance venues, highlighting the tensions around exercising agency in commercial sexual encounters.
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Watts, Bryan David. "The Effects of Mortality and Time Constraints on Productivity in Yellow-Crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax violacea)". W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624371.
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Doll, Christopher Nicholas Hideo. "Understanding the information content of night-time satellite data for modelling socio-economic dimensions of global change". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407332.
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Fullick, Sarah. "Behavioural and biological relationships between leisure-time physical activity and health outcomes during shift- and night-work". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5974/.
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Shift-work is increasingly common in society and is associated with a number of health inequalities. The health effects of shift-work can include a redudion in quality and quantity of sleep, insomnia, chronic fatigue, anxiety and depreSSion,decreased vigilance, metabolic syndrome, adverse cardiovascular (especially blood pressure), gastrOintestinal effects and reproductive effects in women. Shift-work is also associated with disturbances to a workers domestic and social life. Physical activity is known to either prevent or alleviate these health inequalities in those with 'normal diurnal' lifestyles such as day-workers. However, shift-work generally decreases opportunities for physical adivity. Moreover, the favourable affects of physical activity on such health inequalities have not been confirmed in shift-workers. The studies in the present thesis are designed to examine the associations between shift-work and physical activity covering a wide range of physiological and psycho-social variables in shift-workers. The first descriptive study was designed to provide the first detailed and multi-researchstrategy examination of LTPA and its correlates in shift-workers. One hundred and sixty one shift-workers partiCipated in the initial cross-sectional study. A cohort of ten of these partiCipants also volunteered for further diary- and inteNiew-based studies. PartiCipants completed the SSI together with a LTPA questionnaire. Gender, job type, age and shift-work experience were explored as correlates of LTPA. The cohort also completed a 7-day diary and wore an accelerometer for assessment of activity counts during work, leisure, and bedtime when working each shift-type (days, nights and rest). Participants also completed a semi-strudured email-administered interview. The total energy expenditure per week in LTPA of male shift-workers was found to be twice that of women. Midwives recorded the lowest LTPA. Firefighters reported the most LTPA. The time spent out of bed during night shift days was 4-h higher compared with rest days. Data from this study indicated that LTPA is generally low amongst shift-workers, the majority of whom are overweight or obese. Jobtype and gender are much more influential on LTPA than age or experience. Shift-workers spend more of their time on rest days in bed. The second descriptive study was designed to explore the relationships between coping strategies adopted by shift-workers and their leisure-time energy expenditure. The importance of coping strategies has been highlighted in previous research. Ninety-five participants completed an adapted version of the completed the SSI together with a LTPA qUestionnaire. Predictors of age, time spent in shift-work, gender, marital status and the various shift-work coping indices were explored with step-wise multiple regression. Leisuretime energy expenditure over a 14-day period was entered as the outcome variable. Gender (p < 0.023) and time spent in shift-work (p < 0.051) were found to be predictors of energy expenditure, with the most experienced, male shift-workers expending the most energy during leisure-time. Overall 'disengagement' coping scores from the SSI were positively related to leisure-time energy expenditure (p < 0.054). In males, disengagement of sleep problems (p > 0.086) was found to be negatively correlated to energy expenditure, whereas disengagement of domestic-related problems was found to be positively related to energy expenditure (p < 0.001). These relations were not found in female shift-workers (p > 0.762). These data indicated that experienced male shift-workers participate in the most leisure-time physical activity. These people 'disengage' more from their domestic-related problems, but less from their sleep-related problems. The next laboratory-based study was designed to examine the acute effects of evening exercise and meal frequency on psychophysiological and performance-related variables during a subsequent period of simulated night-work. Nine healthy participants, completed at least two crossover trials beginning at 18:00 h. Between 19:00-20:00 h, participants either rested or exercised at 50%V02peak and then remained awake throughout the night, completing various tasks until 05:15 h. Six participants completed a total of four trials in which they exercised or rested while either one standardized (SOkJlkg) meal at 22:00 h or two smaller (30 kJ/kg) meals at 22:00 and 02:00 h were eaten. Core Body Temperature (Tc), wrist activity, mood, sleepiness, arousal, self-chosen work-rate, and reaction time were all measured throughout the simulated night-shift. Following exercise, Tcwas Significantly lower throughout the night-shift compared with no prior exercise (95% Cl = 0.00 to 1.01°C), even though wrist activity was higher and sleepiness was lower after exercise. Self-chosen workrate was significantly higher (95% Cl = 20 to 43 W) and reaction time faster during the nightshift that followed exercise. Reaction time and alertness were worst when only 1 meal was ingested during the night-shift (p <0.04). These data indicate that a single bout of evening exercise can improve sleepiness as well as mental and physical performance during a subsequent simulated night-shift ... The findings from the studies in this thesis indicate that many of the short-term health benefits of exercise are apparent in contexts of shift- and night -work. The relatively small final intervention study demonstrates the potential utility of an individualised lifestyle intervention based on motivational interviewing for shift-workers.
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Timol, Ridwana. "The relationship between elevated night-time Glucocorticoid activity and dreaming: a perspective on sleep-dependent memory consolidation". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27382.
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Background. The consolidation of episodic memory is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in glucocorticoid levels, both during wakefulness and during sleep. Corticosteroid exposure is associated with changes in endogenous glucocorticoid activity, sleep disruption, episodic memory impairment, and reduced hippocampal volume. This dissertation had two primary aims. The first was to explore the relationship between corticosteroid exposure and sleep-dependent memory processes, including dreaming, with special focus on associations between corticosteroid exposure and (a) night-time glucocorticoid activity and (b) sleep organization. The second was to explore the neuroanatomical foundation for these relationships in young adults with asthma. To achieve these aims, I conducted three studies. Methods. Study 1 (N = 68) used a cross-sectional, matched-sample, quasiexperimental design to compare night-time salivary cortisol levels, memory performance preand post-sleep, sleep organization (measured using polysomnography), and dreaming in groups of asthmatics and non-asthmatics with varying degrees of corticosteroid exposure. Study 2 (N = 23) used a double-blind, randomized placebo-control true experimental design to test, in healthy young adults, the effects of a single 25 mg dose of prednisone on the same outcome measures. Study 3 (N = 19) used a quasi-experimental design to compare hippocampal volume of moderate-to-high corticosteroid-exposed asthmatics with that of matched healthy controls. That study also examined the relationship between (a) night-time cortisol levels and hippocampal volume, (b) night-time cortisol levels and declarative memory performance, (c) hippocampal volume and declarative memory performance. All participants were English-speaking university students, aged 18-39 years. Results. Studies 1 and 2 showed that, relative to healthy controls, night-time glucocorticoid activity was elevated and sleep organization was disrupted in corticosteroidexposed individuals. Furthermore, there were significant inverse associations between glucocorticoid activity and (a) the organization of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, (b) performance on both declarative and procedural memory tasks, and (c) the episodic memory content of dreams. There were significant positive associations between (a) the proportions and the organization of SWS and REM sleep and performance on measures of both declarative and procedural memory, and (b) the organization of REM sleep and the episodic content of dreams. Study 3 data analyses detected significantly smaller hippocampal volume in asthmatics relative to controls. Severity of asthma was inversely related to left hippocampal volume, but corticosteroid exposure alone was not. Furthermore, a smaller hippocampus was associated with better memory performance among healthy controls, but not among asthmatics. Conclusions. The association between the organization of SWS and REM sleep and performance on measures of both declarative and procedural memory lends support to the sequential hypothesis of sleep-dependent memory processing. The current findings also suggest that glucocorticoid activity is associated with (a) dream content, (b) the organization of SWS and REM sleep, and (c) post-sleep memory performance after sleep, and that these relationships may intersect. Although asthmatics did not display memory deficits or aberrant dreaming patterns, their hippocampal volume data, patterns of night-time cortisol, and sleep disruptions suggest further investigation is warranted into the implications of subtle HPA-axis dysfunction and consequent atypical brain development on cognitive function and quality of life in asthmatics, whether exposed to corticosteroid treatment or otherwise.
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Stenlund, Lars. "Experimentella studier av värmeflöden och värmelagring i ett bebott flerbostadshus". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100376.
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The study is experimentally inclined, with a high target precision for performance measurement. A comprehensive programme of measurements was carried out in a two-storey building, having a massive structure and dating from 1970. Measurements were made continuously during the heating season from a total of about 70 points. Readings were taken every 30 seconds, and the mean values stored in a computer every 15 minutes. Analysis of the results have been concentrated on: * Thermal inertia, and particularly that of cooling mechanisms. * Time delays in heat flows through the building envelope in response to variations in ambient temperature. * The amount of solar input beneficially retained when operating with night setback and with normal operation. The results indicate that the building has both a long time constant, of about 200 h, and a short one, of about 1.5 h. The magnitude of the shorter time constant depends on the thermal capacity of the interior of the building (furniture, curtains etc.), and can be regarded as having some validity for other apartment building stock. Analyses of temperature gradients in the internal surfaces of the exterior walls indicate that the building's ventilation system, which was originally constructed as an exhaust air ventilation system, but with the inflow of fresh air blocked off, generates a dynamic insulation effect. Calculations indicate that this effect can provide a saving of 6 % of the total heating requirement, excluding that for domestic hot water. Investigation of the static heat requirement with and without night set-back indicate a considerable potential annual saving of heating energy, amounting to a maximum of 13 %, provided that the building is heated in accordance with a prescribed strategy. A 'comfort indoor temperature' has also been determined, being the temperature above which the occupants of the building consume excessive heating energy. Theoretical models have been derived to illustrate the short time constant and to analyse the dynamic insulation effect noted.Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1987
digitalisering@umu
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Sobanski, Nicolas [Verfasser]. "Investigation of day- and night-time NOx/VOCs coupling using thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy / Nicolas Sobanski". Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112182627X/34.
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McPherson, Robert. "Towards a normalisation of young people's drinking practices : a Chicago School ethnographic study in the Canterbury night-time economy". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17673/.
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This PhD thesis is an ethnographic investigation into the drinking practices of young people undertaken in the Canterbury (Kent, United Kingdom) night-time economy. This research took place across a series of fieldwork sites, including: pubs, night-clubs, the street, and young people’s houses across the city. The research included an in-depth ethnography which took place in a city-centre pub where I was working as a bartender, which adapted the methodological approach of the Chicago School of Sociology to urban studies in a contemporary context. Specific examples from the research included a case study with two young men in the pub who were drinking after work, and a wide-range of other ethnographic examples taken from scenarios arising through my position at the pub resulting from bar conversations and informal interviews. These were selected from a number of literally thousands of young people who I encountered across the two years of fieldwork in the pub. The licensee of the pub, Andrew, acted as a gatekeeper for the research, as his approach to the pub business corresponded to interaction and the possibility of building ethnographic relationships with young people. Other ethnographic data examples were also taken from the wider Canterbury night-time economy, away from the pub at the centre of the in-depth ethnography. The variety of data sets included participant observation, conversation, informal interviews and the field diary. Drawing from the accounts of participants in the fieldwork and emergent themes in the ethnography, the thesis argues that young people are the subject of a normalization of extreme drinking practices in the night-time economy. This is explored through the adaptation of the model of drug normalization theory, where young people’s experiences of alcohol and extreme drinking practices are examined in relation to specific dimensions of drinking. The media stereotyping of extreme drinking practices by young people is also subject to critique, where it will be argued that the term “binge” drinking is an imprecise and moralistic view of young people’s activities in the night-time economy.
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Conde, Mark. "Spectroscopic observations of the [lambda]630 nm thermospheric emission from Mawson, Antarctica, under daylight, twilight and night-time observing conditions /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc745.pdf.
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Gesicki, David V. "The Influence of Topography, Wind, and Time of Night on Migratory Songbird Orientation along the Southwest Coast of Lake Erie". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu152845051093791.
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Fader, Mandy J. "The management of night-time incontinence : an investigation into the effects of different pad changing routines on skin and sleep". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272182.
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Paz, Pérez Elisa. "Gender representation and television talk show: An analysis of prime time and late-night shows in Europe and the United States". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670726.
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Aquesta investigació analitza la representació de gènere en programes televisius emesos en franges de prime-time i nit a Europa i als Estats Units. El principal objectiu d’aquesta tesi és determinar si aquest popular format televisiu perpetua estereotips de gènere o si, per contra, les representacions de gènere que es duen a terme proposen nous rols que desafien presumpcions socials tradicionals.
Per assolir aquest objectiu s’ha realitzat un anàlisi de contingut aplicat a la mostra que conforma la tesi. Aquesta mostra inclou tots els talk shows televisius que s’han emès durant les franges horàries de màxima audiència o nit, en cadenes generalistes emeses en obert a Europa (Espanya, França, Itàlia i Regne Unit) i els Estats Units.
A la mostra d’aquesta investigació apareixen dos tipus de participants pel que fa al gènere: homes i dones. D’una banda, els participants masculins solen ocupar rols de major autoritat dins del programa, especialment el càrrec de presentador. Les dones participants tendeixen a ocupar rols que impliquen una menor dominància i utilitzen l’humor en moltes menys ocasions. No obstant això, aquests programes mostren imparcialitat a l’hora de presentar els participants, independentment del seu gènere, i també solen tractar temes de les esferes públiques i privades amb homes i dones per igual.
El més rellevant pel que fa a la comparació per països és que l’ús de l’humor te molta més presència en països anglosaxons que en aquells que fan servir una llengua evolucionada del llatí. Aquest fet es tradueix en una major equitat en la representació de gènere en els primers.
La principal conclusió d’aquesta investigació és que el talk show de prime-time i nit s’enfronta a reptes concrets pel que fa a la representació de gènere, tant per l’absència de dones al capdavant dels programes com pels estereotips de gènere existents en la realització de l’humor per part de les dones.Esta investigación analiza la representación de género en talk shows televisivos emitidos en franjas de prime-time y noche en Europa y Estados Unidos. El principal objetivo que persigue esta tesis es determinar si este popular formato televisivo perpetúa estereotipos de género o si, por el contrario, las representaciones de género que se llevan a cabo proponen nuevos roles que desafían presunciones sociales tradicionales. Para alcanzar este objetivo se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de contenido aplicado a la muestra que conforma la tesis. Dicha muestra incluye todos los talk shows televisivos que se han emitido durante las franjas horarias de prime time o noche, en cadenas generalistas emitidas en abierto en Europa (España, Francia, Italia y Reino Unido) y Estados Unidos. En la muestra que atañe a esta investigación aparecen dos tipos de participantes en cuanto al género: hombres y mujeres. Por una parte, los participantes masculinos suelen ocupar roles de mayor autoridad dentro del programa, especialmente el cargo de presentador. Las mujeres participantes tienden a ocupar roles que implican menor dominancia y utilizan el humor en muchas menos ocasiones. Sin embargo, por otra parte, estos programas muestran imparcialidad a la hora de presentar a los participantes, independientemente de su género, y también suelen tratar temas de las esferas públicas y privadas con hombres y mujeres por igual. Lo más llamativo en cuanto a la comparación por países es que el uso del humor es mucho más acentuado en países anglosajones que en aquellos que usan un idioma evolucionado del latín, lo cual se traduce en una mayor equidad en representación de género en los primeros. La principal conclusión de esta investigación es que el talk show de prime-time y noche se enfrenta a retos concretos en cuanto a representación de género tanto por a la ausencia de mujeres al frente de los programas, como por estereotipos de género existentes en cuanto a la ejecución del humor por parte de las mujeres.
This research analyses the representation of gender on prime time and late-night television talk shows in Europe and the United States. The main goal is to assess whether traditional gender stereotypes are depicted in this popular form of television genre or if, on the contrary, representations found on late-night talk shows are challenging hegemonic notions of gender and encouraging new portrayals. To achieve this goal, content analysis is carried out for examining the sample, which is composed by every television talk show which aired on prime time or late-night timeslots. More particularly, programmes aired in general-interest channels in Europe (Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom) and the United States have been selected. Results show that only binary expressions of gender have participated: male and female participants. On the one hand, men are more likely to perform a dominant role within these programmes, especially that of the host which is of the utmost relevance towards the dynamics of the format. Women tend to appear on roles that are less dominant and use far less humour than their male counterparts. On the other hand, late-night talk shows do show equity at the time of introducing female and male guests and are also likely to discuss themes from both the personal and private spheres with either gender. In this cross-national research, what can also be concluded is the fact that English-speaking countries (the United Kingdom and the United States) use much more humour than the remaining ones (Spain, France, and Italy). The main conclusion that can be drawn is that this format is still challenging in terms of a fair gender representation mainly due to both the lack of female participants performing dominant roles, as well as traditional assumptions of women performing humour.
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Sampson, Matthew Thomas. "An assessment of the impact of fused monochrome and fused color night vision displays on reaction time and accuracy in target detection". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA321226.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996."September 1996." Thesis advisor(s): William Krebs and R.R. Read. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-114). Also available online.
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Druid, Anna. "Vision Enhancement System : Vilken betydelse har displayplaceringen?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1511.
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At night, the visibility is reduced and the demands on the driver increase. A safety system that enables the driver to discover warmer objects in the surroundings when the visibility are reduced, such as the Vision Enhancement System (VES) contributes to safer night-time driving. Since the benefits of this system are established, it is of interest to investigate different design aspects. The VES display has in earlier studies been positioned in front of the driver but different display positions such as peripheral placement should be evaluated.
The present simulator study is an investigation of the effects of different display positions inside the car. Two different display positions were investigated, in front of the driver and to the right of the driver. When driving with a display positioned to the right, the driver will have to divide his attention between the road scene and the display by turning his head or he might be able to use peripheral vision. It was hypothesised that there would be significant differences in driving performance between the two display positions in favour of the display position above the steering wheel.
The results were measured in driving performance as well as opinions from the participants. Results show that there were some significant differences and several tendencies of better driving performance when driving with the display in front of the driver. The participants also rated this display as being better positioned and effecting the driving in a more positive way than the display to the right. It was therefore concluded that that the most preferred display position is in front of the driver.
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Winqwist, Therese. "Reading with Your Ears : A comparative study of reading and listening to Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5148.
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“Reading with Your Ears” is a comparative study of comprehension in reading a text versus listening to an audio book. The text excerpt is from Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time and has been read or listened to by seventh-grade students. The results show that the readers understand more from the text since they can read at their own speed and see the pictures in the book. The listeners, on the other hand, seem unaccustomed to listening and have troubles focusing.
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Honnen, Ann-Christin [Verfasser]. "Evolutionary implications of artificial night-time lighting for the mosquito Culex pipiens : insights from genetics, physiology, behaviour and population structure / Ann-Christin Honnen". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1065670257/34.
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Borg, Emma. "How to deal with Asperger's syndrome in school. : A comparison between House Rules and The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16010.
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This is an essay about Asperger’s syndrome from a pedagogical perspective. My research question is what is important for a teacher to know about Asperger’s syndrome and why? The essay shows that it is important to be aware that pupils with Asperger’s syndrome might have difficulties in understanding, for instance, social cues and non-verbal language. It also deals with how to use visual methods to teach pupils with Asperger’s syndrome. Both research and examples from novels are used to emphasize individual variations when it comes to the symptoms of Asperger’s syndrome. The essay deals with essential features of Asperger’s syndrome/Asperger’s Disorder such as different social impairments, intense interests and the need for consistency. The discussion alternates between the disorder’s features and events from the novels House Rules and The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, which are both novels dealing with Asperger’s.
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Stepney, Melissa J. "Women, alcohol and the night time economy : Psychoanalytical spatial practices and narratives of drinking amongst young female students form the UK and the Netherlands". Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529957.
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