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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Orthography"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 25 de julho de 2025

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1

Roberts, David. "A tone orthography typology." Written Language and Literacy 14, no. 1 (2011): 82–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.14.1.05rob.

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Discussions about tone orthography have long been hampered by imprecise terminology. This article aims to bring clarity by means of an explicit typology composed of six parameters. Each parameter is defined by a choice: domain, target, symbol, position, density, and depth. The orthographer assesses each typological aspect individually, while always bearing in mind that the six parameters together generate a complex matrix of responses. The result is a precise and informative character profile for any Roman script tone orthography. Keywords: typology; tone; orthography; orthographic depth

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Serrau, Vera, Cecilia Gunnarsson-Largy, and Pierre Largy. "The impact of the cognitive effects of L1 orthographic depth and morphological complexity on L2 French morphographic processing." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 14, no. 1 (2023): 127–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.22013.ser.

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Abstract Orthographic depth has been shown to influence the default orthographic processing mechanisms. However, the question of the impact of L1 orthographic depth on the processing of L2 orthography is still open. Crucially, current studies on orthographic depth tend to focus on the processing of simple words and do not consider other factors that interact with orthographic depth, such as morphological complexity. Our study is a preliminary investigation of whether the processing of L2 written inflected words shows crosslinguistic cognitive transfer effects of L1 orthographic depth and L1 mo

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3

Jacobsen, Henrik Galberg. "Den normative ortografi og udtalen. Skitse til en typologi." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 20, no. 1 (2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsp-2016-0024.

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Abstract The paper deals with the relations between Danish pronunciation and the so-called ‘normative orthography’, i.e. the official Danish writing rules as laid down by the authorities in orthographic directives since 1889. The specific aim of the paper is to suggest a model for defining and describing the different kinds of normative orthography and their mutual relations. The criteria used for placing the orthographic rules in the model are (a) whether the rule is dependent on pronunciation or not, and (b) whether the resulting orthography (i.e. the prescribed letters) are linguistic sign

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4

Montgomery, Scott. "Orthographie - Lax Vowels, Orthography and /´/: the need for orthographic primacy." Linguistische Berichte (LB) 2005, no. 201 (2005): 43–66. https://doi.org/10.46771/9783967699609_2.

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Burkhardt, Jey Lingam, and Jürgen Martin Burkhardt. "Developing a unified orthography for Berawan." Written Language and Literacy 22, no. 2 (2019): 280–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00029.bur.

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Abstract Berawan is a small ethnic community, numbering fewer than 4,000 members, in the Malaysian state of Sarawak on Borneo Island. There are four language varieties; namely, Long Jegan (LJG), Batu Belah (BB), Long Teru (LTU) and Long Terawan (LTN). This paper describes the development of the preliminary unified Berawan orthography by the authors, in collaboration with representatives from three Berawan communities (BB, LTU and LJG). Smalley’s (1959, 1965) criteria for orthography development are discussed in relation to the authors’ stage framework for orthographic development, which has be

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van Putten, Marijn. "The Development of the Hijazi Orthography." Millennium 20, no. 1 (2023): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mill-2023-0007.

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Abstract This paper examines the main orthographic innovations of the early Islamic orthography in comparison to the Nabataean orthography and traces through new epigraphic evidence when and where these innovations came to be used. It is shown that a number of them clearly develop already in the pre-Islamic period. Besides this, the paper looks at the complexities of Arabic orthography and morphophonological spelling as it is reflected in the Quranic orthography as well as pre-Islamic inscriptions and argues that the early Islamic orthography represents the continuation of a developed Hijazi s

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Rustamovna, Abduraxmonova Umida. "Methods Of Orthographic And Grammatic Analysis Of Uzbek Writing." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 04 (2021): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue04-55.

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Orthography is a system of rules adopted to correctly express an idea through writing, which ensures that the idea is equally expressed both for the writer and for the reader. In the teaching of orthography, hearing and sight play an important role. In addition, factors such as logical thinking, memory, intelligence also play an important role in the formation of orthographic skills in students. These are those in which orthography creates a certain system in teaching, one complements the other. This article will give an idea of the methods of orthographic analysis.

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Georgiou, Georgios P. "How Do Speakers of a Language with a Transparent Orthographic System Perceive the L2 Vowels of a Language with an Opaque Orthographic System? An Analysis through a Battery of Behavioral Tests." Languages 6, no. 3 (2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6030118.

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Background: The present study aims to investigate the effect of the first language (L1) orthography on the perception of the second language (L2) vowel contrasts and whether orthographic effects occur at the sublexical level. Methods: Fourteen adult Greek learners of English participated in two AXB discrimination tests: one auditory and one orthography test. In the auditory test, participants listened to triads of auditory stimuli that targeted specific English vowel contrasts embedded in nonsense words and were asked to decide if the middle vowel was the same as the first or the third vowel b

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Choi, Jungsook. "Analysis of cases of orthographic misuse in college student writing and education on orthography." Research Society for the Korean Language Education 21 (April 30, 2024): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25022/jkler.2024.21.141.

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The purpose of this paper was to analyze cases of orthographic errors in texts written by students and discuss orthographic education methods. We examined the most frequent cases of students’ orthographic errors by dividing them into ‘spacing, spelling, and punctuation’. And it was confirmed through the secondary school curriculum that students' errors in orthography were due to insufficient education on orthography. In this paper, the writings written by students were analyzed by dividing them into 'spacing errors', 'spelling errors', and 'punctuation errors'. In addition, the secondary schoo

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10

Pavlova, N. P. "Current Trends in Research on Russian Orthography." Nauchnyi dialog 14, no. 4 (2025): 138–54. https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2025-14-4-138-154.

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This article examines contemporary studies of the Russian orthographic system. The relevance of this research is underscored by the necessity for theoretical reflection on existing scientific approaches to orthographic material. The diversity of directions, positions, and methods employed by authors in their approaches to the orthographic system is characterized. A theoretical analysis of sources, selected based on keywords from scientometric databases, has been utilized. An increasing interest in linguistic norms in the current linguistic situation of recent years is noted. Attention is given

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Miller, Kimberly M., and Diane Swick. "Orthography Influences the Perception of Speech in Alexic Patients." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, no. 7 (2003): 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903770007371.

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Interactive models of reading propose that phonological representations directly activate and/or constrain orthographic representations through feedback. These models also predict that spoken words should activate their orthographic forms. The effect of word orthography on auditory lexical access was investigated in two patients with alexia without agraphia. Several theories of alexia suggest that letter-by-letter reading results from impaired access to orthographic representations. Although alexics can often correctly identify orally spelled words and spell to dictation, it is unknown whether

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Venckienė, Jurgita. "Orthography of books and their authors at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century." Lietuvių kalba, no. 15 (December 28, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2020.22451.

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During development of the Standard Lithuanian language at the end of the 19th century, the dialectal basis was chosen first, and the orthography varied yet for another twenty years. This article analyses the dual orthography – of books and personal orthography of their authors. The study is designed to find out whether the books published during that period reflect the orthographic model chosen by their authors; what factors, in addition to the author’s choice, may have influenced the orthography of the books.The influence of printers on the orthography of books during that period was smaller

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Štumberger, Saška. "Nemški pravopis in spolno vključujoče pisanje." Jezik in slovstvo 66, no. 2-3 (2024): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/jis.66.2-3.181-192.

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The article presents the path to a uniform orthography for the German language and the German spelling reform of 1996. The German language is spoken in different countries, so spelling uniformity is not self-evident. The reasons for this are practical, and international commissions with experts from various fields cooperate in the preparation of spelling rules and recommendations. The first German orthography was written in 1880 by a high school teacher, Konrad Duden, and was declared to be authoritative at the Second Orthographic Conference of 1901. In 1902, German orthography was approved by

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Stausland Johnsen, Sverre. "1901-rettskrivinga, midlandsmakselen og riksstyremålet." Arkiv för nordisk filologi 135 (April 21, 2025): 95–112. https://doi.org/10.63420/anf.v135i.27840.

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The Norwegian Ministry of Church and Education decided on a new orthography for the Norwegian language in 1901. There are some common misconceptions about this decision in the scholarly literature on the history of the Norwegian language, and this article aims to correct these misconceptions. Contrary to common belief, the orthography of 1901 was not the first official orthography for Norwegian. Instead, the first official orthography for Norwegian was declared by the Ministry in 1893. Next, the Ministry did not mandate that the central administration had to follow the new orthography, nor did

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Stevanović, Jelena M., Jadranka Ž. Milošević, and Emilija N. Lazarević. "OPEN AND CLOSED COMPOUND WORDS IN SERBIAN ORTHOGRAPHY: DIACHRONIC APPROACH." Узданица XXI, no. 2 (2024): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uzdanica21.2.049s.

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The main goal of the paper is to determine the differences related to one of the most complex areas of Serbian orthography – open and closed compound words – explored from the diachronic perspective, that is, our goal is to examine what formal and se- mantic criteria authors/editors of orthography handbooks followed when it comes to writing compounds, semi-compounds, and syntagms. The corpus consists of the following: Srpski pravopis [Serbian Orthography] (1914); Pravopis srpskohrvatskog književnog jezika [Or- thography of the Serbo-Croatian Literary Language] (1923); Pravopisno uputstvo za sv

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Paulesu, Eraldo, Rolando Bonandrini, Laura Zapparoli, et al. "Effects of Orthographic Consistency on Bilingual Reading: Human and Computer Simulation Data." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070878.

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English serves as today’s lingua franca, a role not eased by the inconsistency of its orthography. Indeed, monolingual readers of more consistent orthographies such as Italian or German learn to read more quickly than monolingual English readers. Here, we assessed whether long-lasting bilingualism would mitigate orthography-specific differences in reading speed and whether the order in which orthographies with a different regularity are learned matters. We studied high-proficiency Italian-English and English-Italian bilinguals, with at least 20 years of intensive daily exposure to the second l

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Showalter, Catherine E. "Impact of Cyrillic on Native English Speakers’ Phono-lexical Acquisition of Russian." Language and Speech 61, no. 4 (2018): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830918761489.

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We investigated the influence of grapheme familiarity and native language grapheme–phoneme correspondences during second language lexical learning. Native English speakers learned Russian-like words via auditory presentations containing only familiar first language phones, pictured meanings, and exposure to either Cyrillic orthographic forms (Orthography condition) or the sequence <XXX> (No Orthography condition). Orthography participants saw three types of written forms: familiar-congruent (e.g., <KOM>-[kom]), familiar-incongruent (e.g., <PAT>-[rɑt]), and unfamiliar (e.g., &

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Pletneva, Alexandra. "Советская орфография: предыстория, программы, реализация". Fontes Slaviae Orthodoxae 1, № 1 (2019): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/fso.3047.

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The article is devoted to the orthographic reform of 1917-1918 and the cultural and historical context in which it was prepared. The era between the reign of Alexander II and the revolution is characterized by a broad public debate about a wide range of reforms. During these decades, a mass of various reform projects appeared. It is in this context that projects of simplification of Russian orthography should also be considered. The issue of simplification of orthography was first raised by the teachers, complaining that teaching children orthographic rules took almost the entire academic time

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ABIOLA, Olaide Saheed, and Oluwafemi Emmanuel BAMIGBADE. "Repositioning Yorùbá Orthography in Christian Yorùbá Hymnal Apps." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, IIIS (2024): 4638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803338s.

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This paper investigates the level of conformity of selected Christian Yorùbá hymns with the Standard Yorùbá orthography based on three different Hymnal Apps. The data for this study are selected from hymnal Apps of three Christian denominations; Christ Apostolic Church, Baptist Church and Anglican Church (CAC, BC and AC respectively) and analyzed within the theoretical framework of orthography principles (easy acquisition theory, spelling theory and tone economic theory). The findings of the paper showed that there are lots of inconsistencies in the use of Yorùbá orthography across the s

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Kruijt, Anne. "“Laway muk doren!”." Germanistische Linguistik 56, no. 1 (2024): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0072-1492-2024-1-347.

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This paper critically evaluates the academic orthography of Iraqw by examining emerging spelling conventions in social media. Iraqw (Southern Cushitic) is a primarily oral minority language spoken in Tanzania. Community-oriented language resources are produced using a standard orthography, which has not been tested for readability. This paper analyzes the spelling of the phonemes /x/, /ŋ/, and /ɬ/, as well as the representation of grammatical tone and vowel length in written Iraqw in social media. By examining the differences between the standard orthography and the emerging orthographic conve

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Vokic, Gabriela. "When alphabets collide: Alphabetic first-language speakers’ approach to speech production in an alphabetic second language." Second Language Research 27, no. 3 (2011): 391–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658310396627.

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This study analysed the extent to which literate native speakers of a language with a phonemic alphabetic orthography rely on their first language (L1) orthography during second language (L2) speech production of a language that has a morphophonemic alphabetic orthography. The production of the English flapping rule by 15 adult native speakers of Spanish (NSS) was analysed. Flap production should not be problematic for NSS learning English as L2, since the flap [ ] exists in the Spanish phonemic inventory and it has similar acoustic, articluatory, and distributional properties in English and S

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Vaughn, Charlotte, and Aubrey Whitty. "Investigating the relationship between comprehensibility and social evaluation." 25 years of Intelligibility, Comprehensibility and Accentedness 6, no. 3 (2020): 483–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jslp.20022.vau.

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Abstract The processing fluency hypothesis proposes that listeners’ perceived difficulty processing the speech of L2 speakers (called comprehensibility/processing fluency) leads them to downgrade those speakers socially. In this paper, we investigate this relationship, focusing on context-specificity. L1-English listeners provided comprehensibility and social evaluation ratings of L1-Korean speakers speaking English, while an orthographic depiction of the speech either appeared alongside the audio or did not, a manipulation aiming to affect comprehensibility. Varying orthography between subjec

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Melnyk, Yevhenii. "THE FRENCH ORTHOGRAPHY THROUGH THE EYES OF THE FRENCH: HISTORICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND DIDACTIC ASPECTS." Scientific and methodological journal "Foreign Languages", no. 1 (May 12, 2023): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/1817-8510.2023.1.278115.

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In this article, we have analyzed some recent publications in the French mass media that concern the issue of the historical development and the present state of the French orthography which is not without reason considered to be complicated. It is noted that when teaching French and French-speaking culture, the approach to problems related to the orthography should ultimately form in pupils and students not only the imperative for constant attention in the process of writing, but also an understanding of the modern linguistic and sociocultural reality: the French orthography is the result of

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Šubarić, Sanja. "О НЕКИМ ОРТОГРАФСКИМ ОДЛИКАМА ПИСАНЕ ГРАЂЕ ИЗ 19. ВИЈЕКА (ИЛУСТРАЦИЈЕ И КОМЕНТАРИ) / ON SOME ORTHOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WRITTEN MATERIAL FROM THE 19TH CENTURY (ILLUSTRATIONS AND COMMENTS)". Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, № 37 (2021): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.37.2021.8.

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One hundred and seventy years after the death of Petar II Petrovic Njegos, and one hundred and ninety years since he was elected as the head of the Montenegrin state, and, therefore, since the establishment of the Montenegrin Senate, are all the reasons and an important occasion for returning to the written material of the Montenegrin Senate in this paper. The paper is part of a broader linguistic analysis of the documentation of the central and highest state authority in 19th -century Montenegro. It represents an orthographic analysis of the original documents of the Montenegrin Senate (forme

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ESCUDERO, PAOLA, ELLEN SIMON, and KAREN E. MULAK. "Learning words in a new language: Orthography doesn't always help." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17, no. 2 (2013): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728913000436.

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Previous studies have shown that orthography is activated during speech processing and that it may have positive and negative effects for non-native listeners. The present study examines whether the effect of orthography on non-native word learning depends on the relationship between the grapheme–phoneme correspondences across the native and non-native orthographic systems. Specifically, congruence between grapheme–phoneme correspondences across the listeners’ languages is predicted to aid word recognition, while incongruence is predicted to hinder it. Native Spanish listeners who were Dutch l

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Dedková, Iva. "De l’ancienne à la nouvelle orthographe du français : le cas de la presse francophone." Çédille, no. 26 (2024): 279–307. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.cedille.2024.26.16.

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The article examines the use of traditional and rectified French orthography (1990) in journalistic texts, focusing on the most prevalent type of orthography applied during the period 2014 to 2021. The analysis is based on four sub-corpora created from a large French textual orpus incorporated into the Sketch Engine platform. The study’s findings shed light not only on the predominant graphical variants in the analyzed sub-corpora but also on the potential correlation, or its lack, between these forms and other characteristics such as the frequency in occurrence of selected words, the source c

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Wiese, Richard. "How to optimize orthography." Written Language and Literacy 7, no. 2 (2005): 305–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.7.2.08wie.

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The basic goal of this paper is to provide a formal treatment of “orthographic principles” in terms of optimization. Starting from a discussion of a preference-oriented vs. a rule-oriented systematic theory of orthography, the paper explores an explicit description of orthographic regularities in terms of Optimality Theory, that is, in terms of a theory of constraints and their interaction. The empirical focus of this paper is on German orthography, in particular on sound–letter correspondences, on morphological constancy in the light of phonological alternations, and on the (non-)doubling of

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Bernāne, Līga. "SOLUTIONS FOR LATGALIAN ORTHOGRAPHY PROBLEMS IN THE PRESS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY." Via Latgalica, no. 1 (December 31, 2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2008.1.1600.

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As soon as the ban on printing was abolished, one particular solution for the question of Latgalian orthography was found. However, it could not satisfy all language users, since it was too complicated and did not solve all orthographic problems. Teachers were not satisfied by the established orthographic rules either, because the reproduction of phonetic forms did not correspond to the forms as used among the people. However, although historic events were dramatic and tough in the first half of the 20th century (war, change of government, foundation and consolidation of an independent state),

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Stenger, Irina, Klára Jágrová, Andrea Fischer, Tania Avgustinova, Dietrich Klakow, and Roland Marti. "Modeling the impact of orthographic coding on Czech–Polish and Bulgarian–Russian reading intercomprehension." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 2 (2017): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586517000130.

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Focusing on orthography as a primary linguistic interface in every reading activity, the central research question we address here is how orthographic intelligibility can be measured and predicted between closely related languages. This paper presents methods and findings of modeling orthographic intelligibility in a reading intercomprehension scenario from the information-theoretic perspective. The focus of the study is on two Slavic language pairs: Czech–Polish (West Slavic, using the Latin script) and Bulgarian–Russian (South Slavic and East Slavic, respectively, using the Cyrillic script).

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Yudina, N. V. "RUSSIAN ORTHOGRAPHY AND PUNCTUATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: «MAN» AND «LAW»." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 227–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-3-227-333.

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The paper is focused on the research and description of several active processes in Russian orthography and punctuation of the 21st century. The following tendencies are most specific: difference between the codified recommendations of rules and the written (orthographic and punctuative) practice; wish of a modern language personality to make the linguistic activity creative, use the expressive means of graphics, orthography and punctuation and draw attention of those who read and write; intentional violation of the orthographic and punctuative norms caused either by a low level of the written

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Gallardo, Richards Emma. "La ortografía catalana en los manuales para la enseñanza del castellano en Cataluña: el caso de El Auxiliar del Maestro Catalán (1869-1925) de Salvador Genís." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Historiografía Lingüística 13 (December 22, 2019): 235–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3612378.

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This paper aims to examine the transformation of the Catalan orthography in <em>El Auxiliar del Maestro Catalan </em>by Salvador Genís i Bech, a bilingual textbook (Catalan-Spanish) that was used in the schools in Catalonia for teaching Spanish between the second half of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century. In order to distinguish the stages that Catalan orthography undergoes throughout the fourteen editions of the textbook, we firstly refer to the mentions recorded in the forewords about the orthographic models that are going to be followed in each edit

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HSUAN, CHUNG-HUI, HENRY J. TSAI, and RHONA STAINTHORP. "The role of phonological and orthographic awareness in learning to read among Grade 1 and 2 students in Taiwan." Applied Psycholinguistics 39, no. 1 (2017): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716417000194.

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ABSTRACTThe role of phonological and orthographic awareness on Chinese character reading from Grade 1 to 2 was investigated with 112 Taiwanese children. Phonological awareness (onset, rime, and tone), rudimentary orthographic awareness (character configuration and structure knowledge), and character reading were assessed in each grade. The strategy of learning to read novel characters using regular or sophisticated orthography-to-phonology correspondence rules or character mapping was tested in Grade 2. Our results suggested that (a) phonological and orthographic awarenesses are important in G

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Minić, Tamara S. "POSSIBILITIES OF USING RECENT RESEARCH ON ORTHOGRAPHY IN TEACHING." Узданица XXI, no. 2 (2024): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uzdanica21.2.069m.

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This paper explores recent research on ortography, as well as the poten- tial use of the research with the purpose of improving teaching practice. Our goal was to include scientific papers and books relating to orthography, written and published in the 21st century. The corpus consists of four books by Veljko Brborić (Pravopis srpskog jezika u nastavnoj praksi, Pravopis i škola, O srpskom pravopisu and Muke oko jezika i pravopisa) and seven scientific articles by different authors. The results of previous research studies offer new approaches in teaching, which mainly relate to the creativity

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Zeguers, M. H. T., P. Snellings, H. M. Huizenga, and M. W. van der Molen. "Time course analyses of orthographic and phonological priming effects during word recognition in a transparent orthography." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 67, no. 10 (2014): 1925–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.879192.

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In opaque orthographies, the activation of orthographic and phonological codes follows distinct time courses during visual word recognition. However, it is unclear how orthography and phonology are accessed in more transparent orthographies. Therefore, we conducted time course analyses of masked priming effects in the transparent Dutch orthography. The first study used targets with small phonological differences between phonological and orthographic primes, which are typical in transparent orthographies. Results showed consistent orthographic priming effects, yet phonological priming effects w

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Bergqvist, S. "”Wie schrieuwe Seeltersk” – a study of the orthography of Saterland Frisian literary texts." Us Wurk 69, no. 1-2 (2020): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5d4811bbc7724.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether literary texts in Saterland Frisian correspond to the written form codified in dictionaries. In order to answer this question, two dictionaries have been investigated: one by Pyt Kramer, and one by Marron C. Fort. Both Kramer and Fort have proposed their own orthographic systems, and made efforts to establish them not only in their respective dictionaries, but in other written works as well. Two literary texts, written by speakers of Saterland Frisian, have been compared to the dictionaries in terms of orthography: one by Gesina Lechte-Siemer

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Smejkalova, Anezka, and Fabienne Chetail. "Learning Spelling From Meaning." Experimental Psychology 70, no. 3 (2023): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000587.

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Abstract. According to the instance-based approach, each novel word encounter is encoded as an episodic trace, including different aspects of word knowledge (orthography, semantics, phonology) and context. Experiencing the novel word again leads to reactivating the previous instances to support word identification. Accordingly, once a link between orthography and meaning is established through several instances of co-occurrence, presenting the novel word form enhances semantic learning even if the contexts are uninformative about the meaning ( Eskenazi et al., 2018 ). Here, we investigated whe

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Violeta, Januševa, and Jurukovska Jana. "THE ORTHOGRAPHY OF THE HYPHENATED COMPOUND NOUNS IN THE STANDARD MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE AND THE JOURNALISTIC SUB-STYLE." European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 2, no. 3 (2017): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820133.

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The orthography provides the basis for formation of a written text and its correct implementation guaranties the stability of the standard norm. At the same time, the development of society implies development of the language, because it has to address the needs of its users. New words permanently enter the language, so the orthography has to provide explanations and precise rules that will regulate their correct use. Thus, the orthography should constantly be updated with new examples and rules, which will contribute to decrease the possibility for ambiguous orthographic solutions. After almo

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Berta, Tibor. "La norma ortográfica en el contexto de la historia de la lengua española." Acta Hispanica 22 (January 1, 2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2017.22.15-23.

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The orthographic norm is one of the social conventions responsible for the homogeneity of the language that assures the mutual comprehensibility for the speakers by moderating the heterogeneity generated by the co-existence of diatopic, diastratic and diaphasic variants and overcoming the effects of the linguistic changes produced during the evolution of the language. Throughout the course of the history of the Spanish language, the claim for a phonemic orthography, based exclusively on the inventory of phonemes, arose several times but none of the proposals achieved considerable impact. In th

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Templeton, Shane, and Linda Scarborough-Franks. "The spelling's the thing: Knowledge of derivational morphology in orthography and phonology among older students." Applied Psycholinguistics 6, no. 4 (1985): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400006317.

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ABSTRACTThis study examines the ability of good and poor spellers at grades six and ten to generate orthographic and phonetic derivatives for three predominant vowel alternation patterns characteristic of internal derivational morphology. Results support the hypothesis that a productive knowledge of these patterns in orthography precedes a productive knowledge of these patterns in phonology. Further, orthographic (visual) information was found to be superior to phonetic (aural) information in accessing the appropriate derivational morphological rules. An order is identified for the acquisition

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Vuković, Petar. "Pravopisna reforma: nauk dveh poskusov iz 60. let 20. stoletja." Jezik in slovstvo 66, no. 2-3 (2024): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/jis.66.2-3.9-20.

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In the early 1960s, attempts were made to radically reform two Slavic orthography systems: Russian and Czech. As these two reform attempts demonstrate, in languages with an established tradition and stabilised practice of writing, it is almost impossible to fundamentally change the orthography to bring it closer to the phonological system. It is, however, possible to study the internal dynamics of the orthography system in order to better understand the relationships between the principles on which the system is based; it is also possible to study contemporary written usage in order to determi

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Dinislamova, O. Yu, and L. N. Panchenko. "To the issue about graphic and orthography variation in the modern Mansi language." BULLETIN OF UGRIC STUDIES 14, no. 2 (2024): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2024-14-2-267-278.

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the article is devoted to the variation of graphics and orthography of the Sosva dialect of the modern Mansi language, which is part of the Northern dialect and is the basis of the written and literary language. Objective: identification and description of the graphic and orthographic variation of the modern Mansi literary language (Sosva dialect). Research materials: lexical units of the Sosva dialect of the Northern dialect of the Mansi language that have more than one spelling variant. Results and novelty of the research: the article for the first time in modern Mansi linguistics considers

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DEACON, S. H., D. LEBLANC, and C. SABOURIN. "When cues collide: children's sensitivity to letter- and meaning-patterns in spelling words in English." Journal of Child Language 38, no. 4 (2010): 809–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000910000322.

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ABSTRACTIn many learning situations, we need to determine to which cues to attend, particularly in cases when these cues conflict. These conflicts appear often in English orthography. In two experiments, we asked children to spell two-syllable words that varied on two dimensions: morphological and orthographic structure. In one set of these words, the two sources of information conflicted. Results of Experiment 1 suggest that seven- to nine-year-old children are sensitive to both orthographic and morphological dimensions of words, and that this dual sensitivity sometimes leads to correct spell

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Öney, Banu, and Aydin Yücesan Durgunoğlu. "Beginning to read in Turkish: A phonologically transparent orthography." Applied Psycholinguistics 18, no. 1 (1997): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271640000984x.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate early literacy acquisition in a phonologically transparent orthography with regular letter-sound correspondences. It was considered that Turkish, with its systematic phonological and orthographic structure, would make different demands on the beginning reader than the languages used in many of the previous studies of literacy acquisition. First grade children were assessed using tests of phonological awareness, letter recognition, word and pseudoword recognition, spelling, syntactic awareness, and listening comprehension at the beginning of

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Schmidl, Martina. "Ad astra: Graphic Signalling in the Acrostic Hymn of Nebuchadnezzar II (BM 55469)." Altorientalische Forschungen 48, no. 2 (2021): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2021-0021.

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Abstract This article examines two orthographic features in the Acrostic Hymn of Nebuchadnezzar II. It aims to show that the text makes use of the possibilities of the cuneiform writing system to create various levels of meaning. The first example clarifies structure and content with regard to a difficult passage in the fourth and last stanza of the text, in which a possible change of actors is indicated by an orthographic feature. The second example shows how orthography is used in the first stanza of the text to augment its message. These examples demonstrate how structural elements and micr

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Nation, Kate. "Form–meaning links in the development of visual word recognition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1536 (2009): 3665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0119.

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Learning to read takes time and it requires explicit instruction. Three decades of research has taught us a good deal about how children learn about the links between orthography and phonology during word reading development. However, we have learned less about the links that children build between orthographic form and meaning. This is surprising given that the goal of reading development must be for children to develop an orthographic system that allows meanings to be accessed quickly, reliably and efficiently from orthography. This review considers whether meaning-related information is use

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Jaroszewicz, Henryk. "Ortografie współczesnego piśmiennictwa śląskojęzycznego." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 78/1-79/1 (January 24, 2023): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2021/2022.78-79.6.

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Over the past two decades, Silesian literature has been written in eleven different types of orthography, the most important of which are the classical, neo-Steuer and “slabikŏrzowa” orthographies. Other orthographic proposals, e.g. by D. Dyrda, B. Kallus, P. Kalinowski, H. Kaluza, R. Wencel, did not become popular and were abandoned rather quickly. As a result, contemporary Silesian literature was dominated by the “ślabikŏrzowa” spelling, gaining popularity due to its conservative form and the support of the most essential Silesian publishing houses. However, an obstacle to the complete stabi

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Goswami, Usha, Jean Emile Gombert, and Lucia Fraca de Barrera. "Children's orthographic representations and linguistic transparency: Nonsense word reading in English, French, and Spanish." Applied Psycholinguistics 19, no. 1 (1998): 19–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400010560.

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AbstractThree experiments were conducted to compare the development of orthographic representations in children learning to read English, French, or Spanish. Nonsense words that shared both orthography and phonology at the level of the rhyme with real words (cake-dake, comic-bomic), phonology only (cake-daik, comic-bommick), or neither (faish, ricop) were created for each orthography. Experiment I compared English and French children's reading of nonsense words that shared rhyme orthography with real words (dake) with those that did not (daik). Significant facilitation was found for shared rhy

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Rafat, Yasaman, and Ryan A. Stevenson. "Auditory-orthographic integration at the onset of L2 speech acquisition." Language and Speech 62, no. 3 (2018): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830918777537.

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Recent studies have provided evidence for both a positive and a negative effect of orthography on second language speech learning. However, not much is known about whether orthography can trigger a McGurk-like effect (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976) in second language speech learning. This study examined whether exposure to auditory and orthographic input may lead to a McGurk-like effect in naïve English-speaking participants learning a second language with Spanish phonology and orthography. Specifically, it reports on (a) production of non-target-like combinations such as [lj] as in [poljo] for

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Arab-Moghaddam, Narges, and Monique Senechal. "Orthographic and phonological processing skills in reading and spelling in Persian/English bilinguals." International Journal of Behavioral Development 25, no. 2 (2001): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250042000320.

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The concurrent development of reading and spelling in English and Persian were examined in a sample of bilingual children. The objective was to compare how phonological and orthographic processing skills contribute to reading and spelling for two alphabetic languages that differ drastically. English orthography is characterised by both polyphony (i.e., a grapheme representing more than one phoneme) and polygraphy (i.e., a phoneme represented by more than one grapheme) which results in a complex script to read and write. In contrast, vowelised-Persian orthography is characterised by polygraphy

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Douglas, Heather, Marcia Gail Headley, Stephanie Hadden, and Jo-Anne LeFevre. "Knowledge of mathematical symbols goes beyond numbers." Journal of Numerical Cognition 6, no. 3 (2020): 322–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v6i3.293.

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The written language of mathematics is dense with symbols and with conventions for combining those symbols to express mathematical ideas. For example, reading a factored polynomial function such as f(x) = x²(2x + 15) requires the knowledge that parenthesis can be used to signify function notation in one context and multiplication in another. Mathematical orthography is defined as orthographic knowledge of symbolic mathematics. It entails both knowledge of discrete mathematical symbols and the conventions for combining those symbols into expressions and equations. The ability to read text writt

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