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Shen, Jiang, e Yun Tao Wang. "Pre-Arrange Trim Method on Panamax Vessel when Transit through the Panama Canal". Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (maio de 2011): 4115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.4115.
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The Panama Canal Authority has special requirements on “Size and Draught Limitation of vessels” when a vessel transit through the Panama Canal. This paper based on requirements from the Panama Canal Authority and characteristics of the Panamax vessel, represents a pre-arranged trim method on making optimum cargo plan so as to fully utilize the Panamax vessel’s carrying capacity and ensure smooth transit through the Panama Canal, it has been proved efficient and reliable.
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Uribe, Alvaro. "Integration of the former Panama Canal Zone into Metro Panama City". Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, n.º 415-417 (1 de dezembro de 2002): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269415-417337.
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The author, an architect-planner, Urbio, S.A., Panama, graduate of the School of Architecture, University of Panama, the Institut d'Urbanisme, University of Paris, and Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, has held key positions in a variety of public and private planning agencies as a consultant and specialist in Geographic Information Systems (G.I.S.) for major development projects in Panama such as Land Use and Traffic Study of the Port of Balboa; Development Plan for Sherman-San Lorenzo; La Cuenca Hidrográfica del Canal de Panamá: Posibilidades de un Desarrollo Sustentable (The Hydrographical Basin of the Panama Canal: Possibilities for Sustainable Development); Metodologías de Avalúo de los Terrenos Revertidos del Area del Canal (Methodologies for the Valuation of Reverted Land of the Area of the Canal); and Estudio Urbanístico y Demográfico del Area Metropolitana de Panamá (Urban and Demographic Study of the Metropolitan Regionof Panama). Alvaro Uribe has also published La Ciudad Fragmentada (The Fragmented City), an essay on urban development in Panama City (Panama City, CELA, Ediciones Formato Dieciséis, 1989), and a considerable number of papers and a study report on the subject of this paper and other related projects. He is a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001. It was kindly translated from the Spanish by Professor Lawrence D. Mann, also a member of the WSE and a participant at the Symposion.
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Stelmach, Dawid. "Kościół w Panamie w przededniu Światowych Dni Młodzieży w 2019 roku". Annales Missiologici Posnanienses, n.º 23 (5 de janeiro de 2019): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/amp.2018.23.12.
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The announcement of Panama as host of World Youth Day in 2019, turned out to be a great surprise for the whole world. For the fi rst time such a small country, has hosted a global event. Panamá is known primarily from the Panama Canal and the Panamanian aff air called Panama. But speaking in these two contexts is very hurtful, because it is a country richly diverse, and the Church here has a unique, unique face. Catholic missions are included in the history of Panama from the very beginning. From the beginning of the bishopric in the city of Panamá, through the territorial development of the Church, everything here has a mark of mission. The fi nal element of the article is the presentation of the Church in the Bocas del Toro Territorial Prelature. The prelature is located in the Caribbean Sea and is geographically diff erent from the rest of the country. But this place is an example of a missionary church, and of a church that needs support in its mission. Poles coming to Panama for the next World Youth Day will discover a unique country, and together with the Poles, Panama will be discovered by the whole world.
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REYES, Abdiel Rodríguez. "En Torno a la Filosofía de la Educación em Panamá". INTERRITÓRIOS 5, n.º 8 (22 de junho de 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33052/inter.v5i8.241591.
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Neste artigo, abordaremos alguns pontos relacionados à Filosofia da Educação (FE) no Panamá. Primeiro, vamos problematizar o assunto do que é nossa concepção de educação no Panamá; em segundo lugar, procuramos destacar a figura de Diego Domínguez Caballero como promotor da FÉ propriamente; Por último, analisaremos o conteúdo do curso FE como tal. Estes três pontos nos darão uma primeira aproximação ao que é a FE no Panamá. Os pontos serão desenvolvidos na mesma ordem exposta. Outro elemento que não vamos ignorar ao longo deste trabalho são os problemas de natureza mais geral em relação à sociedade em que estão inseridos os três pontos que analisaremos e que consideramos interceptar. Esses problemas serão tratados em linhas gerais, pois, em suma, é um tópico consubstancial à FE. Filosofia. Educação. Panamá. Diego Dominguez Cabellero. Around Philosophy of Education in Panama ABSTRACTThis article approaches some points about Philosophy of Education in Panama. Firstly, we problematize the subject of what is that we call our concept of education in Panama; Secondly, we put our effort into standing out the persona of Diego Domínguez Caballero as a Philosophy of Education promoter thoroughly. Lastly, we analyse the content of the Philosophy of Education course, as it denotes. These three steps will give us a first approximation with what the Philosophy of Education in Panama is. The points will be developed in the same order they were exposed. Some other elements we won't ignore along this piece of writing are the problems, in general, related to the society where these three points, which we'll analyse and regard intercepting, are inserted. These problems will be dealt with, generally speaking, because, in short, they are one consubstantial topic to the Philosophy of Education.Philosophy. Education. Panama. Diego Dominguez Caballero.
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Ho, Javier, e Paul Bernal. "UNDERSTANDING THE THERMAL COAL MOVEMENTS FROM COLOMBIA TO CHILE THROUGH THE PANAMA CANAL USING LOGIT MODELS- LOOKING AHEAD". Journal of Maritime Logistics 2, n.º 1 (31 de agosto de 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jml.2022.08.001.
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This study attempted to specify logit models for bulkers transporting mostly thermal coal from the East Coast of Colombia to Chile through the Panama Canal compared to the alternative route. The preliminary proposed predictors for the logit models included voyage cost variables and Canal's attributes. For the route choice of coal from the East Coast of Colombia to Chile, voyage cost factors such as Panama Canal cost, distance difference between Panama versus alternative route, post arrival of vessel to the next port and the maximum transit draft were important factors in this choice, as well as Panama Canal attributes such as vessel arrivals at the Panama Canal and the Panamax Plus requirement to transit the neopanamax locks. The route choice involved the Panama Canal and Cape Horn/Magellan Strait in the Southern tip of South America. This study analyzed coal traffic between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2020, and briefly discussed the future of coal movements through Panama, given Chile's long term plans to generate electricity using renewanable energy sources and hydrogen. This paper is a contribution to the discrete choice literature and attempted to provide insights into route choice factors involving the Panama Canal, proposing new preliminary explanatory variables to better understand route choices that may apply in future Panama Canal studies. The study will be a contribution to the universal maritime coal transportation literature, and it is a continuation on research related to the Panama canal, particularly on route choices using AIS information.
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Iwanek, Jan. "Polityka zagraniczna Panamy w okresie rządów Omara Torrijosa". Wiesław Dobrzycki. In memoriam, n.º 115 (5 de maio de 2022): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/20811152.2022.115.06.
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Generał Omar Torrijos Herrera doszedł do władzy pół roku po zamachu stanu z 1969 r. Rządził przez około 12 lat, aż do swej śmierci w 1981 r. W znacznym stopniu przyczynił się do osiągnięcia największego sukcesu w polityce zagranicznej Panamy, od początku powstania tego państwa (1903 r.), jakim było zawarcie (1977 r.) nowych traktatów: o Kanale Panamskim oraz o trwałej neutralności i funkcjonowaniu Kanału. Z chwilą wejścia w życie Traktatu o Kanale Panamskim utraciły moc wszystkie dotychczasowe umowy, w tym najważniejsze: z 1903 r., 1936 r. i 1955 r. Pierwszy z układów obowiązywał do 31grudnia 1999 r. Drugi został zawarty na czas nieoznaczony i reguluje współczesny status prawnomiędzynarodowy Kanału. Dzięki tym układom Panama odzyskała władanie suwerenne formalne i efektywne nad całym swym terytorium: nad dawną Strefą Kanału, Kanałem Panamskim i instalacjami wojskowymi. Panama przejęła odpowiedzialność za utrzymanie i funkcjonowanie Kanału i udostępniania go na zasadach otwartości dla żeglugi morskiej. Kilkuletni okres negocjacji przebiegał w trudnych warunkach. Dyplomacji panamskiej udało się uzyskać dla swych starań liczące się poparcie społeczności międzynarodowej, w tym ONZ i OPA. Ważną okolicznością była także skłonność administracji Cartera do zawarcia satysfakcjonujących obie strony traktatów i uregulowania trudnych stosunków z Panamą. Z perspektywy czasu należy uznać zawarcie układów Torrijos-Carter za największy sukces dyplomatyczny Panamy, o ważnych skutkach dla gospodarki tego kraju i żeglugi morskiej. Po upływie kilkudziesięciu lat od tamtych wydarzeń, ocena ta pozo-staje w pełni aktualna.
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Wang, Mariner. "The role of Panama Canal in global shipping". Maritime Business Review 2, n.º 3 (15 de setembro de 2017): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-07-2017-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to find out the future development of the Panama Canal after opening of the new waterway (third set of locks project), in terms of the change of cargo throughput, further deployment of fleets by the shipping companies and competition for the canal. Design/methodology/approach The research of this paper is based on an empiric study by collecting the relevant data from annual report of the Panama Canal Authority, publications related to the same field. Graphs pertaining to toll revenue also are made based on statistical data provided by the Panama Canal Authority. Findings The findings show that the opening of the new waterway of the Panama Canal generates more toll revenue for Panama government by allowing mega-vessels to transit, expediting further economic development of the country largely from behind. At the same time, shipping operators also can enjoy earning more revenue by deploying New Panamax vessels transiting the Canal. Originality/value Ingenuity in tabling the users of the Panama Canal by incorporating the logo marks of the shipping companies/implication is drawn through empirical analysis to provide the shipping companies and ports authorities concerned with more understanding toward the very significance of the new waterway expansion of the Panama Canal.
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CARVALHO, ELOANE APARECIDA RODRIGUES, ELIÉZER CARDOSO DE OLIVEIRA e MARY ANNE VIEIRA SILVA. "ROMARIA NA CIDADE DE PANAMá EM GOIáS: um novo olhar na devoção ao Divino Pai Eterno". Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 13, n.º 22 (28 de dezembro de 2016): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v13i22.537.
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A proposta do artigo é analisar a devoção ao Divino Pai Eterno, na cidade de Panamá (GO), considerando a hipótese de que o catolicismo popular é delineado pelo hibridismo cultural. A pesquisa circunscreve o campo descritivo-analático correlacionado a uma abordagem interpretativa das vivências religiosas. A devoção ao Divino Pai Eterno na cidade de Panamá (GO), iniciada em 1918, a partir de um desdobramento da famosa romaria de Trindade, é um exemplo raro das práticas do catolicismo popular, uma vez que poucas cidades goianas escolheram o Divino Pai Eterno como padroeiro e o homenageiam com dias festivos. A discussão procura repensar os processos que territorializam a devoção ao Divino Pai Eterno no território goiano ressaltando as singularidades dessa manifestação religiosa presentes no contexto sociocultural de Panamá. Palavras-chave: Catolicismo Popular. Divino Pai Eterno. História de Panamá. PILGRIMAGE AT PANAMA CITY IN GOIAS: a new look at the ”Divine Eternal Father” devotion. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the Devotion to the Divine Eternal Father, in the city of Panama (GO), considering the hypothesis that popular catholicism is outlined by cultural hybridity. The research circumscribes the descriptive - analytic field correlated to an interpretive approach to religious experiences. The devotion to the Divine Eternal Father in the city of Panama (GO), started in 1918, from a deployment of the famous ”Pilgrimage of Trinity”, is a rare example of the practices in popular catholicism, since few cities in Goiás chose the Divine Eternal Father as a Patron Saint and honor ”him” with celebration days. The discussion seeks to rethink the processes that set devotion to the Divine Eternal Father in Goiás lands highlighting the singularities of this religious manifestation present in Panama sociocultural context. Keywords: Popular Catholicism. Divine Eternal Father. History of Panama. PEREGRINACIÓN EN LA CIUDAD DE PANAMá EN GOIáS: una nueva mirada sobre la devoción al Divino Padre Eterno Resumen: El propósito del artáculo es analizar la devoción al Divino Padre Eterno, en la ciudad de Panamá (GO), teniendo en cuenta la hipótesis de que el catolicismo popular está delineado por el hibridismo cultural. La investigación circunscribe al campo descriptivo-analático correlacionado con un enfoque interpretativo de las experiencias religiosas. La devoción al Divino Padre Eterno en la ciudad de Panamá (GO), que se inició en 1918, a partir de una rama de la famosa romeráa de Trindade, es un raro ejemplo de las prácticas del catolicismo popular, ya que pocas ciudades de Goiás eligieron el Divino Padre Eterno como patrón y rinden homenajes con dáas festivos. La discusión trata de replantear los procesos que territorializan la devoción al Divino Padre Eterno en el territorio de Goiás destacando las singularidades de esta manifestación religiosa presentes en el contexto sociocultural de Panamá. Palabras clave: Catolicismo popular. Divino Padre Eterno. Historia de Panamá. PILGRIMAGE AT PANAMA CITY IN GOIAS:a new look at the ”Divine Eternal Father” devotion. PEREGRINACIÓN EN LA CIUDAD DE PANAMá EN GOIáS: una nueva mirada sobre la devoción al Divino Padre Eterno Eloane Aparecida Rodrigues CarvalhoMestranda/Bolsista em Ciências Sociais e Humanidades ”“ TECCER da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG). Anápolis/Goiás/Brasileloane_rodrigue@yahoo.com.br Eliézer Cardoso de OliveiraProfessor Doutor em Sociologia ”“ TECCER da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG). Anápolis/Goiás/Brasilezi@uol.com.br Mary Anne Vieira SilvaProfessora Doutora em Geografia ”“ TECCER da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG). Anápolis/Goiás/Brasilmarymel2006@hotmail.com Resumo: A proposta do artigo é analisar a devoção ao Divino Pai Eterno, na cidade de Panamá (GO), considerando a hipótese de que o catolicismo popular é delineado pelo hibridismo cultural. A pesquisa circunscreve o campo descritivo-analático correlacionado a uma abordagem interpretativa das vivências religiosas. A devoção ao Divino Pai Eterno na cidade de Panamá (GO), iniciada em 1918, a partir de um desdobramento da famosa romaria de Trindade, é um exemplo raro das práticas do catolicismo popular, uma vez que poucas cidades goianas escolheram o Divino Pai Eterno como padroeiro e o homenageiam com dias festivos. A discussão procura repensar os processos que territorializam a devoção ao Divino Pai Eterno no território goiano ressaltando as singularidades dessa manifestação religiosa presentes no contexto sociocultural de Panamá. Palavras-chave: Catolicismo Popular. Divino Pai Eterno. História de Panamá. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the Devotion to the Divine Eternal Father, in the city of Panama (GO), considering the hypothesis that popular catholicism is outlined by cultural hybridity. The research circumscribes the descriptive - analytic field correlated to an interpretive approach to religious experiences. The devotion to the Divine Eternal Father in the city of Panama (GO), started in 1918, from a deployment of the famous ”Pilgrimage of Trinity”, is a rare example of the practices in popular catholicism, since few cities in Goiás chose the Divine Eternal Father as a Patron Saint and honor ”him” with celebration days. The discussion seeks to rethink the processes that set devotion to the Divine Eternal Father in Goiás lands highlighting the singularities of this religious manifestation present in Panama sociocultural context. Keywords: Popular Catholicism. Divine Eternal Father. History of Panama. Resumen: El propósito del artáculo es analizar la devoción al Divino Padre Eterno, en la ciudad de Panamá (GO), teniendo en cuenta la hipótesis de que el catolicismo popular está delineado por el hibridismo cultural. La investigación circunscribe al campo descriptivo-analático correlacionado con un enfoque interpretativo de las experiencias religiosas. La devoción al Divino Padre Eterno en la ciudad de Panamá (GO), que se inició en 1918, a partir de una rama de la famosa romeráa de Trindade, es un raro ejemplo de las prácticas del catolicismo popular, ya que pocas ciudades de Goiás eligieron el Divino Padre Eterno como patrón y rinden homenajes con dáas festivos. La discusión trata de replantear los procesos que territorializan la devoción al Divino Padre Eterno en el territorio de Goiás destacando las singularidades de esta manifestación religiosa presentes en el contexto sociocultural de Panamá. Palabras clave: Catolicismo popular. Divino Padre Eterno. Historia de Panamá.
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Armitage, Brian J., Steven C. Harris, Tomás A. Ríos González, Yusseff P. Aguirre, Roger J. Blahnik, Robin E. Thomson e Tatiana I. Arefina-Armitage. "The Trichoptera of Panama XXVII. The third benchmark—a waypoint to the future". Neotropical Biology and Conservation 19, n.º 2 (28 de junho de 2024): 203–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.19.e113487.
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The flora and fauna of Panama is species-rich due to its location and topography, and the resulting diversity of microclimates and habitats. The last two summaries (benchmarks) of information about the caddisfly fauna (Insecta, Trichoptera) Panama were published in1992 and 2015. From 1861 to 2015, researchers from outside of Panama recorded 13 families, 45 genera, and 257 species of caddisflies. From 2015 through 2023, a series of publications by the Aquatic Invertebrate Research Group at the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí in David, Panamá have recorded an additional 2 families,11 genera, and 278 species. Thus, a total of 535 species of caddisflies, now recorded from the Republic of Panama, are distributed among 15 families and 56 genera. Panama’s Trichoptera fauna shows greatest affinity to other Central American countries, and to Costa Rica in particular. Indeed, 289 Costa Rican species are shared with Panama, including 91 former Costa Rican endemics now known from both countries. The Hydroptilidae is the most species rich family in Panama. Although the number of new species and new country records of macro-Trichoptera has diminished somewhat over this third benchmark period, no similar fall-off has yet been detected in the micro-Trichoptera. The caddisfly fauna of Panama is now better known, but much more work remains to define the fauna and, just as importantly, to map the surficial and altitudinal distribution of each genus and species.
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Pratama, Fikri Surya Pratama. "MINORITAS MUSLIM PANAMA: MENUJU HARMONI KEBERAGAMAN PASCA PROYEK KANAL PANAMA". Khazanah 12, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v12i1.501.
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Despite being a minority, Panamanian Muslims have the longest historical history of any Central American region. Based on this, this article aims to explain the process of the entry of Islam into Panama, and explain how the development of da'wah civilization and the Muslim community in Panama, especially after the construction of the Panama Canal mega project. This type of research is qualitative research using historical research methods, with the following steps: 1) Heuristics or source collection through library research; 2) Source Criticism, namely comparison activities and selecting the validity of sources; 3) This interpretation or analysis stage has occurred either at the beginning of the research or during the post-research analysis process; 4) historiography or the last stage of this research in the form of historical scientific writings. The results of the study show that Islam entered Panam through Mandika slaves brought during the Spanish colonization there, but the development of Islamic da'wah only began to be intense during and after the construction of the canal, this da'wah was intensively carried out by Arab and South Asian immigrants, and reached its peak in 1850-1860's. Panama's constitution provides for religious freedom. Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, and several traditional Panamanian religions coexist in harmony. So far, Panama has given a positive picture of the Central America region which is very conducive and open to religious differences, especially in Islam.
Keywords: Central America, Minority, Muslim, Panama.
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González, Maribel A., Jessica R. Eberhard, Irby J. Lovette, Storrs L. Olson e Eldredge Bermingham. "Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of the Bay Wren (Troglodytidae: Thryothorus Nigricapillus) Complex". Condor 105, n.º 2 (1 de maio de 2003): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/105.2.228.
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Abstract The Bay Wren (Thryothorus nigricapillus) is distributed from Costa Rica to Ecuador and includes seven described subspecies, five of which occur in the Caribbean lowlands of Panama. The subspecies vary in plumage characters, with particularly striking differences between Bay Wrens from western Panama (to the north), and eastern Panama (to the south). We surveyed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation from a geographically broad sample of Bay Wrens and compared the phylogeographic structure of mtDNA diversity with previously described patterns of morphological variation. The mtDNA-based phylogeographic reconstructions revealed a basal split separating populations in far eastern Panama and South America from those in central Panama through Costa Rica. These two clades are concordant with previous morphology-based groupings of T. nigricapillus subspecies into the “castaneus group” (costaricensis, odicus, castaneus, and reditus) and the “nigricapillus group” (schottii, connectens, and nigricapillus). Morphological intergradation between the two groups takes place in central Panama, but all intergrades possess the mtDNA haplotype of the castaneus group, suggesting that mitochondrial gene flow is introgressing from west to east. In spite of the marked body size and plumage variation present among subspecies of the castaneus group, mtDNA variation within this group was low. At a deeper phylogenetic level, the mtDNA data support recognition of the Riverside Wren, T. semibadius, as a full species. This taxon has sometimes been considered conspecific with T. nigricapillus, but the high mtDNA divergence between these species is consistent with previous suggestions that the morphological similarity results from convergence in plumage traits. Filogeografía del ADN Mitocondrial del Complejo de Thryothorus nigricapillus Resumen. Thryothorus nigricapillus se distribuye desde Costa Rica hasta Ecuador e incluye siete subespecies, de las cuales cinco se encuentran en las tierras bajas caribeñas de Panamá. Las subespecies varían en plumaje, con diferencias particularmente notables entre Thryothorus nigricapillus del occidente de Panamá (hacia el norte), y aquellas del oriente de Panamá (hacia el sur). Examinamos la variación entre secuencias de ADN mitocondrial (mtADN) de una muestra geográficamente amplia de Thryothorus nigricapillus y comparamos la estructura filogeográfica de la diversidad de mtADN con patrones previamente descritos de variación morfológica. Las reconstrucciones filogeográficas basadas en las secuencias de mtADN revelaron una división basal entre las poblaciones del este de Panamá y Sudamérica, y las poblaciones que se encuentran desde el centro de Panamá hasta Costa Rica. Estos dos clados corresponden a las agrupaciones previamente definidas con base en caracteres morfológicos, dividiendo las subespecies de T. nigricapillus en dos grupos: el “grupo castaneus” (costaricensis, odicus, castaneus y reditus) y el “grupo nigricapillus” (schottii, connectens y nigricapillus). Entre los dos grupos ocurre intergradación morfológica en Panamá central, pero las formas intermedias tienen haplotipos de mtADN característicos del grupos castaneus, sugiriendo que el flujo genético mitocondrial es introgresivo de oeste a este. A pesar de la notable variación en tamaño corporal y plumaje entre las subespecies del grupo castaneus, la variación de mtADN dentro de este grupo fue baja. A un nivel filogenético más profundo, los datos de mtADN apoyan el reconocimiento de T. semibadius como especie. Este taxón ocasionalmente ha sido considerado coespecífico con T. nigricapillus, pero la marcada divergencia a nivel de mtADN entre estas especies es consistente con previas sugerencias de que la semejanza morfológica es resultado de convergencia en caracteres del plumaje.
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Ho, Javier Daniel, e Paul Bernal. "Panama Canal vs alternative routes: estimating a logit model for grains". Maritime Business Review 5, n.º 1 (7 de dezembro de 2019): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-07-2019-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fit a logit model for dry bulkers transporting grains through the Panama Canal versus alternative routes destined to East Asia, originating on the US Gulf and East Coast. This is with the purpose of better understanding the attributes. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, grain transits both through the Panama Canal and alternative routes, which are examined, and a logit model is developed to explain the route decision from a carrier/vessel operator point of view. Findings Transit draft is the most important attribute in the route decision process for grains according to this study. Also, Panamax bulkers are the preferred vessel size into China, especially through the Cape of Good Hope route, impacting Panama Canal’s market share for grains. Research limitations/implications This research used only a full year of grain traffic data approximating fiscal year 2018 (October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018). Data will come mostly from the Panama Canal transit data and observations using IHS’s Market Intelligence Network (MINT). Originality/value This paper is highly dependent on visual observations of grains vessels through alternative routes using AIS data from MINT software.
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Bonilla, Johnatan Estiven. "Análisis dialectométrico del nivel fonético del Atlas Lingüístico Pluridimensional de Panamá". Moderna Språk 116, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2022): 191–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v116i1.6946.
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This work examines the dialectal division of Spanish in Panama based on the quantitative distribution of the phonetic features found in the Atlas Lingüístico Pluridimensional de Panamá (ALPEP) and its dialectometric analysis. The results allowed identifying five dialectal zones: the first zone, central-western composed of Panama, Portobelo, Salud, Penonomé, Santa Fe, Chitré, and Puerto Armuelles; the second area, which is known as the western zone, includes Pedasí, Santiago, El Tigre, Tolé, Cerro Punta and Changuinola; the third zone, central-eastern, formed by Metetí and Cañita; the fourth zone, eastern, given by the populations of La Palma and Yaviza; and the Guna Yala zone composed of El Porvenir.
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Ropp, Steve C. "Panama". Current History 90, n.º 554 (1 de março de 1991): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1991.90.554.113.
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Pitti, Carreira. "Panama". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 9, n.º 2 (1994): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180894x00115.
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de Rojas, D. B. "Panama". Trusts & Trustees 11, n.º 5 (1 de abril de 2005): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/11.5.73.
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V.C.P. "Panama". Americas 51, n.º 2 (outubro de 1994): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500022124.
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Owens, R. "Panama". Trusts & Trustees 13, n.º 8 (25 de junho de 2007): 476–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttm078.
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Ciantelli, Chiara, Alessandro Sardella, Silvia Arroyo Duarte, Elena Pecchioni e Alessandra Bonazza. "The Monumental UNESCO Site of Panamá Viejo: Investigation of the Masonry Mortars". Heritage 5, n.º 2 (27 de março de 2022): 646–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020036.
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The presented study illustrates the characterisation of several artificial materials (bedding, joint mortars, and plasters) belonging to the masonries of the UNESCO site of Panamá Viejo, located in Panama City (Panama). This monumental site represents the first Spanish settlement on the Pacific Coast, founded 500 years ago, in 1519. Through mineralogical and petrographic analyses of the collected samples, as stereomicroscope and polarized light microscopy (PLM) observations of bulk and thin sections, respectively, environmental scanning electron microscopy and micro-chemical investigations (ESEM-EDX) and X-Ray Powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, it was possible to identify the composition of the materials utilized for the production of mortars and plasters, in addition to the determination of their state of conservation. Therefore, this work represents a substantial step for the preservation of the Panamá Viejo site, in order to support the selection of the most suitable restoration products, such as consolidants, protectives, etc., but also for choosing the most compatible materials for possible replacements/integrations in the masonries.
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Napp, Dilma Solange, e Ubirajara R. Martins. "Novos táxons em Heteropsini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 49, n.º 4 (2009): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492009000400001.
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Potisangaba gen. nov., espécie-tipo P. panama sp. nov., são descritos do Panamá (Colon) e três novas espécies são descritas em Chrysoprasis: C. principalis sp. nov. de Trinidad y Tobago (Trinidad), C. grupiara sp. nov. do Brasil (Rondônia) e C. morana sp. nov. da Bolívia (Santa Cruz).
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Moreno, Stanley Heckadon. "Impact of Development on the Panama Canal Environment". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 35, n.º 3 (1993): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165971.
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The historical Chagres River Basin, which serves as the basin for the Panama Canal, extends some 3,260 kilometers in length and is not only the most important river basin in Panama but also one of the most strategic river basins in the world. Its two major lakes — Gatún and Alhajuela — function as reservoirs for the water needed to operate the inter-oceanic canal as well as to supply the water requirements of both Panamá City and Colón, urban concentrations that contain more than half the country's population.Gatún Lake was created in 1913, when the Chagres River was closed off at its Atlantic outlet, while the Alhajuela was created in 1934 by damming up the Madden River in the high, mountainous part of the country.
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Guevara Mann, Carlos, e Joaquín Denis. "Modern Panama, de Conniff y Bigler". Investigación y Pensamiento Crítico 8, n.º 3 (31 de julho de 2020): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37387/ipc.v8i3.175.
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Cambridge University Press, una de las editoriales universitarias más prestigiosas, publicó en 2019 Modern Panama: From Occupation to Crossroads of the Americas, cuyos autores son el conocido historiador Michael L. Conniff y el diplomático Gene E. Bigler, ambos estadounidenses. La versión en español, Panamá moderno: De territorio ocupado a centro de las Américas fue publicada simultáneamente por la Fundación Ciudad del Saber y Novo Art. Esta reseña se basa en el texto original (en inglés), al cual corresponden las referencias y los números de página indicados a continuación.
Un pasado de tensiones
Modern Panama cubre nuestra historia reciente a partir de 1980. El primer capítulo, sin embargo, se remonta a los orígenes de Panamá como Estado nominalmente independiente, tras su separación de Colombia en 1903. Este capítulo enfatiza las tensiones entre Panamá y Estados Unidos a lo largo del siglo XX, que culminaron en los acontecimientos del 9 de enero de 1964. En esa ocasión, tres días de protesta nacionalista dejaron un trágico saldo de 25 muertos (incluidos cuatro soldados estadounidenses). Los autores destacan el trato discriminatorio recibido por muchos panameños en la Zona del Canal bajo administración estadounidense (1904-1979). Los panameños eran excluidos y, a menudo, intimidados por los “zonians” y funcionarios de la Zona del Canal, contribuyendo así a crear relaciones poco saludables entre ambas partes.
El golpe militar de 1968—y la dictadura de 21 años a la cual dio origen—también son abordados en el primer capítulo. El golpe de 1968 impulsó el ascenso al poder de la Guardia Nacional, inicialmente dominada por dos oficiales, Boris Martínez y Omar Torrijos. A principios del año siguiente, Torrijos depuso a Martínez y, en colaboración con agencias estadounidenses de inteligencia, lo envió al exilio a Miami. Durante los siguientes doce años, Torrijos fue el dictador de Panamá. Después de firmar con Estados Unidos dos tratados sobre el canal, en 1977, anunció un supuesto “retorno a la democracia”. Relajó las restricciones a la actividad política y, en 1978, seleccionó para presidente de la República a uno de sus colaboradores, Aristides Royo.
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Kushlan, James A., George R. Angehr e Kirsten Hines. "Seabirds and other colonial waterbirds of the Caribbean coast of Panama". Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 30, n.º 2 (13 de maio de 2018): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2017.30(2).145-153.
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Abstract: The status of seabirds and other colonial waterbirds along the Caribbean coast of Panama has never been determined comprehensively. Surveying the entire Caribbean coast of Panama and Lago Bayano, we found six species of seabirds and other colonial waterbirds nesting at eight sites. Brown Boobies (Sula leucogaster) nested at five sites, while other seabirds along the coast nested at only one site each. Red-billed Tropicbirds (Phaethon aethereus) nested at Isla de los Pájaros and Audubon’s Shearwaters (Puffinus lherminieri) at Cayos Tigre. Lago Bayano had two nesting sites of Cocoi Herons (Ardea cocoi) and Neotropic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) and one of Great Egrets (Ardea alba). More species and numbers of waterbirds occurred along the coast in April than in June. The Caribbean coast of Panama is clearly an important area for wintering colonial waterbirds. However, it supports limited nesting of seabirds. No nesting was found in coastal wetlands, despite there being extensive areas of apparently suitable habitat. Inland, Lago Bayano supports nesting herons and cormorants, and foraging sites for spoonbills, storks, and other herons. This study is the third in a series aiming to document the nesting status of seabirds and other colonial waterbirds in coastal Panama, allowing a comparison to be made of the two coasts. Colonial waterbird nesting populations on the Caribbean coast are only 2% of those of the Pacific coast, and more species of waterbirds nest on the Pacific. We suggest that differences are due to oceanographic factors and climatic conditions that differ between the two coasts.
Keywords: Ardea cocoi, Audubon’s Shearwater, Brown Booby, Caribbean, Cocoi Heron, Neotropic Cormorant, Panama, Phaethon aethereus, Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Puffinus lherminieri, Red-billed Tropicbird, Sula leucogaster
Resumen: Aves marinas y otras aves acuáticas coloniales en la costa del Caribe de Panamá—El estado de las aves marinas y otras aves acuáticas coloniales a lo largo de la costa del Caribe de Panamá nunca ha sido determinado de manera exhaustiva. Con el muestreo de toda la costa del Caribe de Panamá y Lago Bayano encontramos seis especies de aves marinas y otras aves acuáticas coloniales nidificando en ocho sitios. Sula leucogaster nidificó en cinco de los sitios mientras que las otras aves marinas en la costa nidificaron en un solo sitio cada una. Phaethon aethereus nidificó en Isla de los Pájaros y Puffinus lherminieri en Cayos Tigre. Lago Bayano tenia dos sitios de nidificación de Ardea cocoi y Phalacrocorax brasilianus y uno de Ardea alba. El número de especies e individuos de aves acuáticas a lo largo de la costa fueron mayores en abril que en junio. La costa del Caribe de Panamá es claramente un área de invernada importante para las aves acuáticas coloniales. Sin embargo, mantiene un número limitado de aves marinas nidificantes. No se encontró ningún nido en los humedales costeros a pesar de ser áreas muy extensas con hábitats aparentemente adecuados. En el interior, en Lago Bayano sí existen nidificaciones de garzas y cormoranes así como sitios de forrajeo para espátulas, cigüeñas y otras garzas. Este estudio es el tercero de una serie dirigida a documentar el estado de la nidificación de las aves marinas y otras aves acuáticas coloniales en la costa panameña lo que permite realizar una comparación entre ambas costas. Las poblaciones de aves marinas coloniales de la costa del Caribe son sólo un 2% de aquellas de la costa del Pacífico y un mayor número de especies de aves acuáticas también nidifican en esta última. Sugerimos que las diferencias son debidas a factores oceanográficos y a condiciones climáticas que difieren entre ambas costas.
Palabras clave: Ardea cocoi, Caribe, Panamá, Phaethon aethereus, Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Puffinus lherminieri, Sula leucogaster
Résumé: Oiseaux marins et autres oiseaux d’eau coloniaux de la côte caribéenne du Panama—Le statut des oiseaux marins et des oiseaux d’eau coloniaux le long de la côte caribéenne du Panama n’a jamais été déterminé de manière exhaustive. Lors de l’étude de l’ensemble de la côte caribéenne du Panama et Lago Bayano, nous avons observé six espèces d’oiseaux marins et autres oiseaux d’eau coloniaux nichant sur huit sites. Le Fou brun (Sula leucogaster) nichait sur cinq sites, tandis que les autres oiseaux marins le long de la côte nichaient chacun sur un seul site. Le Phaéton à bec rouge (Phaethon aethereus) nichait à Isla de los Pájaros et le Puffin d’Audubon (Puffinus lherminieri) à Cayos Tigre. Lago Bayano comprenait deux sites de nidification de Héron cocoi (Ardea cocoi) et de Cormoran vigua (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) et un de Grande Aigrette (Ardea alba). Le nombre d’espèces et les effectifs d’oiseaux d’eau présents sur la côte étaient plus importants en avril qu’en juin. La côte caribéenne du Panama est clairement une zone importante pour l’hivernage des oiseaux d’eau coloniaux. Cependant, la nidification des oiseaux marins y est assez limitée. Aucune nidification n’a été observée dans les zones humides côtières, malgré l’existence de vastes zones d’habitat apparemment approprié. À l’intérieur des terres, le Lago Bayano accueille des hérons et des cormorans nicheurs ainsi que des sites d’alimentation de spatules, de cigognes et d’autres hérons. Cette étude est la troisième d’une série visant à documenter le statut de nidification des oiseaux marins et d’autres oiseaux d’eau coloniaux sur le littoral du Panama, et à comparer les deux côtes. Les populations nicheuses d’oiseaux marins coloniaux sur la côte caribéenne ne représentent que 2% de celles de la côte du Pacifique sur laquelle un plus grand nombre d’espèces d’oiseaux d’eau nichent. Nous estimons que les différences sont dues aux facteurs océanographiques et aux conditions climatiques qui varient entre les deux côtes.
Mots clés: Antilles, Ardea cocoi, Cormoran vigua, Fou brun, Héron cocoi, Panama, Phaethon aethereus, Phaéton à bec rouge, Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Puffin d’Audubon, Puffinus lherminieri, Sula leucogaster
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Lotzkat, Sebastian, Andreas Hertz, Rosalba De Leon e Gunther Köhler. "Distribution extension for Leposoma rugiceps (Cope, 1869) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) in Panama, with first record from Bocas del Toro Province". Check List 8, n.º 3 (1 de junho de 2012): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.520.
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Reporting on the first locality in Bocas del Toro province of extreme western Panama, we extend the known geographic distribution of the lizard Leposoma rugiceps (Cope, 1869) about 275 km westwards from the nearest locality in Panamá province. We provide photos of Panamanian specimens, comment on their morphology, and map the distribution of this binational endemism.
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NORRBOM, ALLEN L., e CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI. "A new species, new synonymy, and taxonomic notes in the Anastrepha schausi group (Diptera: Tephritidae)". Zootaxa 1497, n.º 1 (4 de junho de 2007): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1497.1.5.
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Anastrepha fuscicauda Norrbom & Korytkowski, new species, is described from Panama. Anastrepha bellicauda Norrbom is considered a new junior synonym of A. lutea Stone, a sexually dimorphic species which is redescribed.Se describe una nueva especie de Anastrepha desde Panamá, Anastrepha fuscicauda Norrbom & Korytkowski. Anastrepha bellicauda Norrbom es un sinonimo nuevo de A. lutea Stone, una especie con sexos dimorficos.
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CUEZZO, CAROLINA, e ELIANA M. CANCELLO. "A new species of Obtusitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) from South America". Zootaxa 1993, n.º 1 (2 de fevereiro de 2009): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1993.1.6.
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Obtusitermes Snyder is a genus endemic to the Neotropics, restricted to northern South America and southern Central America. Obtusitermes panamae Snyder was described from Quipo, Panama. Herein, we describe Obtusitermes formosulus, n. sp., from Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago, based on the dimorphic soldier and polymorphic worker. These descriptions provide strong evidence that Parvitermes bacchanalis Mathews should not be included in Obtusitermes.
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Lees, John D. "Panama odyssey". International Affairs 61, n.º 2 (abril de 1985): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2617559.
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Ropp, Steve C., e William J. Jorden. "Panama Odyssey." Hispanic American Historical Review 65, n.º 3 (agosto de 1985): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2514858.
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Yacher, Leon. "Photojournal: Panama". Focus on Geography 51, n.º 1 (junho de 2008): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8535.2008.tb00217.x.
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Ropp, Steve C. "Panama Odyssey". Hispanic American Historical Review 65, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1985): 583–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-65.3.583.
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Caradepiedra, Beto. "Panama Disease". Pleiades: Literature in Context 43, n.º 2 (setembro de 2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2023.a912964.
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Wagner, Lisa, e Regina Roebuck. "Apologizing in Cuernavaca, Mexico and Panama City, Panama". Spanish in Context 7, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2010): 254–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.7.2.05wag.
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This comparative study of naturally occurring apologies in Cuernavaca and Panamanian Spanish investigates the apology strategies community members employ most often, and the types of positive- and negative-politeness strategies they use to perform this speech act. The authors calculate the frequency with which speakers use positive- and negative-politeness strategies in their apology acts and investigate whether members of these two speech communities demonstrate a preference for positive or negative politeness when apologizing. Instead of using a language-specific parameter such as “Spanish Language” and assuming that all native speakers of this language have and will use a closed set of linguistic strategies in the same way when they apologize, the authors argue that speech acts, politeness and face are socio-culturally sensitive variables whose values and effects vary between communities of practice. To support this claim, they show how the communities of Cuernavaca, Mexico and Panama City, Panama differ from previous findings on apologizing within different communities of practice in the Spanish-speaking world.
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Migdał, Anna, Małgorzata Żuk, Dorota Jagiełłowicz-Kowalska, Zuzanna Powichrowska e Grażyna Brzezińska-Rajszys. "Which Functional Classification Scale is Optimal for Children with Pulmonary Hypertension (PAH)?" Pediatric Cardiology 41, n.º 8 (9 de agosto de 2020): 1725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-020-02434-8.
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AbstractFunctional status assessed by the WHO-FC scale derived from adults is a known prognostic factor for pulmonary hypertension. Data on the usefulness of the Panama-FC scale in assessing children with pulmonary hypertension are limited. The study was performed to compare functional status results (WHO-FC and Panama-FC) and to assess the usefulness of these scales in various clinical situations. The reliability of the Panama-FC questionnaire method for facilitating patient evaluation was also examined. 26 functional status assessments (7 in disease progression/after treatment intensification) in both scales were analyzed in 19 patients with PAH confirmed in RHC. WHO-FC, Panama-FC scales, and questionnaire-based on Panama-FC were conducted independently by three different physicians. Results of assessments were compared with each other and with 6MWD, NTproBNP level, and echo parameters (TAPSE, RV/LV ratio). The Panama-FC scale results obtained using the medical interview method and questionnaire did not differ. Both WHO-FC and Panama-FC classes well-reflected disease advancement confirmed by non-invasive parameters (NTproBNP, 6MWD, TAPSE, RV/LV ratio). Differences between grading the class in both scales were observed: 5pts were classified to II (Panama-FC) vs I (WHO-FC), 2pts were in lower risk group in WHO-FC (II) vs Panama (IIIa). Worsening or improvement after treatment intensification in functional status in both scales was connected with the significant change of NTproBNP level. The 6-min walking distance did not change. TAPSE, RV/LV ratio changed significantly in 3pts with IPAH, accordingly to change in WHO-FC and Panama-FC. WHO-FC and Panama-FC well reflect the disease advancement. The questionnaire method simplified the use of the Panama-FC scale. The Panama-FC scale appears to be better for assessing functional status during long-term follow-up, while the WHO-FC scale was more useful in short-term treatment monitoring.
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Andrade, C., N. Rebolledo, A. Castillo, F. Tavares, R. Pérez e M. Baz. "Evaluación de mezclas de hormigón para el nuevo canal de Panamá mediante la medida de la resistividad y de la resistencia a la difusión de cloruros". Revista ALCONPAT 4, n.º 2 (30 de maio de 2014): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v4i2.1.
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RESUMENEl Canal de Panamá fue construido hace unos 100 años y en la actualidad el consorcio “Grupo Unidos por el Canal” (GUPC), coordinado por Sacyr S.A. está construyendo dos nuevas series de esclusas. El hormigón del antiguo Canal no estaba armado pero en el actual se prevé el uso de armadura como parte del diseño antisísmico. La Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (ACP), en su Pliego de condiciones definió una vida útil de 100 años para lo que especificó valores del método ASTM 1202 de menos de 1000 culombios y el cálculo de la vida útil mediante un programa. En el presente trabajo se detallan, para algunas de las mezclas diseñadas, los resultados obtenidos tanto de culombios como de resistividad y los coeficientes de difusión que se obtuvieron mediante difusión natural. Igualmente se muestran los resultados al introducir los valores en el método numérico de cálculo de vida útil LIFEPRED.Palabras clave: hormigón; cloruros; resistividad; difusión.ABSTRACTThe Panama Canal was built about 100 years ago and a two new sets of locks are being constructed by the consortium "Grupos Unidos por el Canal" (GUPC) which is coordinated by Sacyr S.A. The old Panama Canal was built without steel reinforcement but the new one considered reinforcement as part of the antiseismic design. The Panama Canal Authority (ACP), established a lifespan of 100 years, for which it specified values from the ASTM 1202 method lower than 1000 Coulombs and the estimation of the lifespan by means of a program. The results of both Coulombs resistivity and diffusion coefficients, obtained after natural diffusion, are discussed for some of the designed mixtures. The numerical calculations of service lifespan, as obtained by LIFEPRED method, are also shown.Keywords: concrete; chlorides; resistivity; diffusion.
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Prasetya, Muhammad Aji, e Yayuk Anggraini. "Keputusan Panama Meratifikasi Konvensi Ballast Water Management". Interdependence Journal of International Studies 5, n.º 1 (14 de maio de 2024): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54144/ijis.v5i1.70.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan menjelaskan mengenai faktor apa saja yang melatar belakangi Panama untuk meratifikasi konvensi Ballast Water Management pada tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah deskriptif eksplanatif dengan jenis data berupa data sekunder. Teknik analisis yang akan digunakan adalah teknik kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan selanjutnya menggunakan teori Kepentingan Nasional dan Kebijakan Luar Negeri oleh KJ Holsti. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diratifikasinya konvensi Ballast Water Management oleh Panama pada tahun 2016 didasari pada kepentingan nasional dan juga dari kebijakan luar negerinya yang melalui faktor internal dan eksternalnya. Yang menjadi Kepentingan Nasional Panama pertama adalah mempertahankan lingkungan perairan Panama, Yang kedua adalah untuk menstabilkan ekonomi Panama dan menambah lapangan pekerjaan, ketiga adalah meningkatkan citra positif di dunia internasional, keempat untuk memperluas pengaruh Panama sebagai negara Flag State, Coastal State dan Port State, dan yang kelima adalah untuk mencapai visi-misi SDG’s Panama. Dan faktor yang mendorong kebijakan luar negerinya yaitu secara internal seperti kondisi geografis nya , adanya dorongan ekonomi, hingga atribut nasional Panama sedangkan secara eksternal seperti posisi Panama dalam IMO, Permasalahan air ballast yang menjadi masalah regional dan global hingga opini dari masyarakat internasional
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ANDERSON, ROBERT S. "The Dryophthoridae of Costa Rica and Panama: Checklist with keys, new synonymy and descriptions of new species of Cactophagus, Mesocordylus, Metamasius and Rhodobaenus (Coleoptera; Curculionoidea)". Zootaxa 80, n.º 1 (17 de outubro de 2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.80.1.1.
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The Dryophthoridae of Costa Rica and Panama are reviewed. A checklist is presented of the 127 species in Costa Rica and 103 species in Panama. Keys are presented to genera and species. Twenty-four new species are described as follows: Mesocordylus redelmeieri Anderson (type locality; Guanacaste, Costa Rica), Cactophagus dragoni Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), C. gasbarrinorum Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), C. lineatus Anderson (type locality; San Jose, Costa Rica), C. lingorum Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), C. morrisi Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), C. riesenorum Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), C. silron Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), C. sunatoriorum Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), Metamasius atwoodi Anderson (type locality; Cocos Island, Costa Rica), M. bellorum Anderson (type locality; Chiriqui, Panama), M. burcheri Anderson (type locality; Cartago, Costa Rica), M. gallettae Anderson (type locality; Darien, Panama), M. hooveri Anderson (type locality; Limón, Costa Rica), M. leopardinus Anderson (type locality; Guanacaste, Costa Rica), M. murdiei Anderson (type locality; Cartago, Costa Rica), M. richdeboeri Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), M. shchepaneki Anderson (type locality; Panama, Panama), M. vaurieae Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), M. wolfensohni Anderson (type locality; Guanacaste, Costa Rica), Rhodobaenus howelli Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), R. labrecheae Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), R. patriciae Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), and R. tenorio Anderson (type locality; Limón, Costa Rica). New country records are as follows: Toxorhinus grallarius (Lacordaire) (Costa Rica), Alloscolytoproctus peruanus Hustache (Panama), Cactophagus aurofasciatus (Breme) (Panama) and Metamasius scutiger Champion (Costa Rica). The genera Toxorhinus Lacordaire and Cosmopolites Chevrolat are transferred from Sphenophorini to Litosomini. Notes about the natural history and plant associations for all new species are given where available.
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Baldini, Riccardo Maria, e Orlando Oriel Ortiz. "Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama". Phytotaxa 203, n.º 3 (25 de março de 2015): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.3.6.
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Cryptochloa stapfii, a new herbaceous bamboo species from Panama is described. This new bambusoid grass inhabits semi-shaded lowland forests in Bocas del Toro (Panama) and is related to C. dressleri Soderstr., an endemic species from Panama. This new taxon increases the number of species in Cryptochloa to eight, most of them present in Panama.
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FLYNN, DAWN J. "Checklist of treehoppers of Panama (Hemiptera: Membracidae) with a list of checklists and keys to the Nearctic and Neotropical fauna". Zootaxa 3405, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3405.1.2.
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A checklist of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) of Panama is provided with known province distribution data. The worldcatalogue of Membracoidea, through 1996, lists 68 genera, 162 species, and 1 subspecies from Panama (McKamey, 1998).New research in Panama has documented range extensions for 29 genera, 107 species, and 1 subspecies previously unknownfrom Panama. With these adjustments and additions, the total treehopper fauna from Panama includes 97 genera, 269 species, and 2 subspecies. Tables listing published checklists and keys for Nearctic and Neotropical treehoppers are presented.
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Aguilar-Samaniego, Kayra, Luis F. De León e Celestino Aguilar. "New record of the Gray-capped Cuckoo, Coccyzus lansbergi (Bonaparte, 1850) (Cuculiformes, Cuculidae), on the southwest coast of Panama". Check List 16, n.º 4 (17 de julho de 2020): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.4.883.
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This note presents the first record of Coccyzus lansbergi (Bonaparte, 1850) for the southwest coast of Panama. This new record was made on July 11, 2018, in the rural community of Juan Hombrón, Coclé province, Panama. The species has been previously observed in eastern Panama, but this is the first record for the southwestern region of the country. Our record is at least 142 km southwest of its nearest reports in eastern Panama. Overall, this record indicates that the species is likely a vagrant from its known range, given that no other records have been documented south of Coclé, in Panama. In addition, the increasing number of records from eastern Panama over the last 30 years suggests a recent expansion in the northern range of the species.
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ARCE-PÉREZ, ROBERTO, e MIGUEL ÁNGEL MORÓN. "Review of the species of Macrodactylus Dejean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Costa Rica and Panama". Zootaxa 4462, n.º 3 (28 de agosto de 2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.5.
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Fifteen species of Macrodactylus Dejean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Macrodactylini) from Costa Rica and Panama are described and illustrated, including eight new species: M. latreillei new species., M. pseudothoracicus new species. and M. dejeani new species from Costa Rica; M. solisi new species from Costa Rica and Panama; M. martinezi new species from Costa Rica and Venezuela; M. chiriquiensis new species and M. kunayalaensis new species from Panama; and M. moroni new species from Costa Rica, and Panama. Diagnosis for seven species previously recorded in Costa Rica and Panama are included, and a key to all known species of Macrodactylus in these countries is provided.
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Suarez, José Antonio, Dianik Moreno, Juan Miguel Pascale, Lorena Romero, Nestor Sosa, Fergie Ruiz, Rodrigo DeAntonio, Alberto Cumbrera, Carlos Franco-Paredes e José Anel González. "Detection of Mansonella ozzardi in peripheral blood in two malaria-endemic areas in Panama". Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 9 (janeiro de 2022): 204993612211225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20499361221122582.
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Introduction: Studies conducted in 1984 demonstrated the presence of Mansonella ozzardi in the Darien and Colon provinces. Since then, there have not been further reports of this parasitic infection in Panama. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of peripheral blood samples of individuals across Panama over a 4-year period (2013–2016) as part of malaria surveillance activities. Results: We identified microfilaria in 96 cases. Most of these cases were found in East Panama (78%) followed by the Darien region (22%). Mansonella ozzardi was the filarial parasite identified by morphological features in all cases. Conclusion: After 36 years of epidemiological silence, we identified human cases of Mansonella ozzardi infection in Panama. This is, however, the first report of this filarial parasite’s presence in the Eastern region of Panama. There is a need for further surveillance efforts to elucidate the epidemiology associated with Mansonella infections in Panama.
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PRENA, JENS. "The Middle American species of Peridinetus Schönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae)". Zootaxa 2507, n.º 1 (16 de junho de 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2507.1.1.
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The weevil genus Peridinetus Schönherr is reviewed for mainland Middle America. Conophoria Casey is included in Peridinetus as a new junior synonym. Twenty-six species are recognized. Peridinetus ecuadoricus Casey stat. res., P. frontalis Chevrolat and P. pictus Kirsch are newly recorded for the study area. Newly described are P. illabes sp. n. (Panama), P. imperialis sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador), P. lugubris sp. n. (Costa Rica, Ecuador), P. notabilis sp. n. (Costa Rica), P. odone sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama), P. pena sp. n. (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama), P. rubens sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama) and P. wyandoti sp. n. (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador). The overlooked precedence of P. jelskii Chevrolat over P. maculiventris Chevrolat is reestablished. Conophoria cana dispersa Casey is a new junior synonym of P. canus Champion. Habitus images for most species and an identification key are provided.
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BLAHNIK, ROGER J., e RALPH W. HOLZENTHAL. "Revision of the Mexican and Central American species of Mortoniella (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae)". Zootaxa 1711, n.º 1 (22 de fevereiro de 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1711.1.1.
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The genus Mexitrichia Mosely, 1937 (27 described species) is synonymized with Mortoniella Ulmer, 1906 (22 described species) and a revised generic description is provided for the genus. These species are placed in 4 recognized species groups. Mexican and Central American species of Mortoniella are revised to include 6 species formerly placed in Mexitrichia and 22 new species from Costa Rica, Panama, and Mexico. New species combinations for these regional species include: Mortoniella florica (Flint, 1974), M. leroda (Mosely, 1937), M. meralda (Mosely, 1954), M. pacuara (Flint, 1974), M. rancura (Mosely, 1954), and M. rovira (Flint, 1974). New species of Mortoniella described here (followed by the country of provenance) include M. akantha (Costa Rica) M. anakantha (Costa Rica) M. aviceps (Costa Rica, Panama) M. brachyrhachos (Mexico), M. buenoi (Mexico), M. carinula (Costa Rica), M. caudicula (Costa Rica), M. falcicula (Mexico), M. mexicana (Mexico) M. munozi (Costa Rica, Panama), M. opinionis (Costa Rica), M. panamensis (Panama), M. papillata (Costa Rica), M. pectinella (Panama), M. propinqua (Costa Rica), M. redunca (Costa Rica), M. rodmani (Costa Rica), M. sicula (Costa Rica), M. stilula (Costa Rica), M. tapanti (Costa Rica, Panama), M. taurina (Costa Rica, Panama), and M. umbonata (Panama). Males of all known Mexican and Central American species are illustrated or reillustrated and a key is provided for males of the species.
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International Monetary Fund. "Panama: Statistical Annex". IMF Staff Country Reports 95, n.º 90 (1995): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451830774.002.
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International Monetary Fund. "Panama: Statistical Annex". IMF Staff Country Reports 98, n.º 10 (1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451830798.002.
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Rothenbach, Antonio. "The Twenty-first Century Panama Canal: Post-Panamax or Post-Panama?" Perspectives on Business and Economics 25 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.18275/pbe-v025-009.
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Gudmundson, Lowell. "Down Panama Way: A Twenty-First-Century Renaissance". Latin American Research Review, 27 de setembro de 2022, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lar.2022.83.
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This essay reviews the following works: Modern Panama: From Occupation to Crossroads of the Americas. By Michael L. Conniff and Gene E. Bigler. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. vii + 346. $32.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781108701198. The Maritime Landscape of the Isthmus of Panamá. By James P. Delgado, Tomás Mendizábal, Frederick H. Hanselmann, and Dominique Rissolo. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2016. Pp. viii + 283. $84.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780813062877. Erased: The Untold Story of the Panama Canal. By Marixa Lasso. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019. Pp. 344. $35.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780674984448. The Panama Railroad. By Peter Pyne. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2021. Pp. 418. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780253052070. Esperanza Speaks: Confronting a Century of Global Change in Rural Panamá. By Gloria Rudolf. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2021. Pp. viii + 195. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781487594695. The Singer’s Needle: An Undisciplined History of Panamá. By Ezer Vierba. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021. Pp. vii + 323. $30.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780226342450.
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Murgas, Ingrid, Sergio Bermúdez e Roberto Miranda. "Primer reporte de envenenamiento accidental por Ananteris platnicki Lourenco, 1993 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) en Panamá. [First report of accidental envenomation by Ananteris platnicki Lourenco, 1993 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Panama]". Revista Médica de Panamá - ISSN 2412-642X 40, n.º 03 (1 de janeiro de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.37980/im.journal.rmdp.2020x1573.
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<p>El género Ananteris Thorell, 1891 contiene gran variedad de especies de escorpiones Neotropicales de la familia Buthidae. En Panamá, este género está representado por dos especies. Se describe un reporte de caso de picadura de Uno de los estudios observacionales más grandes Lourenço, 1993 en Panamá. Este constituye el primer reporte de envenenamiento por el género Ananteris para la región. Panamá presenta una alta incidencia de escorpionismo ubicándose como una de las más altas en América Latina.</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The genus Ananteris Thorell, 1891 contains a great variety of species of Neotropical scorpions of the Buthidae family. In Panama, this genus is represented by two species. A case report of a sting of Ananteris platnicki Lourenço, 1993 in Panama described. This is the first report of poisoning by the genus Ananteris for the region. Panama has a high incidence of scorpionism, ranking as one of the highest in Latin America.<br /><br /></p>
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Barria, Manuel D. "A Monographic Revision of The Jewel Scarabs Genus Chrysina from Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini)". Zea Books, 9 de fevereiro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.zea.1345.
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The work is a taxonomic revision of 28 species of the genus Chrysina Kirby (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) found in Panama (25), Colombia (2), and Ecuador (3). Chrysina tricolor (Ohaus), Chrysina chalcothea (Bates), and Chrysina cupreomarginata (F. Bates) are new records for Panama. A new country record from northern Colombia is confirmed for Chrysina mercedesae Barria. Chrysina gaitalica Curoe and Hawks and Chrysina galbina Hawks are discovered at new localities in Panama; females of both species are discovered and described. Chrysina aurora (Bates) known from other localities in the west of the country, is rediscovered in Veraguas province 147 years after its description based on a female, the only specimen that had been collected in the province. Chrysina wolfi (Ohaus) is placed as a new junior synonym of Chrysina argenteola (Bates). A neotype is designated for Chrysina ohausi (Franz) according to ICZN Article 75.3. The oreicola group is proposed to include Chrysina oreicola (Morón). Photographs of adults, illustrations of diagnostic characters, distribution maps, and taxonomic keys (in English and Spanish) for the identification of the species present in Panama, Colombia and Ecuador are presented. El presente trabajo consiste en una revisión taxonómica de 28 especies del género Chrysina Kirby (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini), 25 presentes en Panamá, 2 en Colombia y 3 en Ecuador. Chrysina tricolor (Ohaus), Chrysina chalcothea (Bates) y Chrysina cupreomarginata (F. Bates) son nuevos registros para Panamá. Se confirma un nuevo registro del norte de Colombia correspondientes a Chrysina mercedesae Barria. Chrysina gaitalica Curoe y Hawks y Chrysina galbina Hawks se descubren en nuevas localidades de Panamá; se descubren y describen hembras de ambas especies. Chrysina aurora (Bates) conocida en otras localidades del oeste del país, es redescubierta en la provincia de Veraguas después de 147 años desde su descripción a partir de una hembra, único ejemplar que había sido recolectado en la provincia. Chrysina wolfi (Ohaus) se considera una nueva sinonimia menor de Chrysina argenteola (Bates). Se asigna un neotipo a Chrysina ohausi (Franz) por aplicación del artículo 75.3 del CINZ. Se propone el grupo oreicola para incluir a Chrysina oreicola (Morón). Se presentan fotografías de adultos, ilustraciones de caracteres diagnósticos, mapas de distribución y claves taxonómicas (en Inglés y Español) para la identificación de las especies presentes en Panamá, Colombia y Ecuador.
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Murgas Centeno, Ingrid Lorena, Sergio Bermúdez e Roberto Miranda. "Primer reporte de envenenamiento accidental por Ananteris platnicki Lourenco, 1993 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) en Panamá." Revista Médica de Panamá - ISSN 2412-642X 40, n.º 03 (9 de dezembro de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37980/im.journal.rmdp.2020x1556.
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<p>Resumen:</p><p>El género <em>Ananteris</em> Thorell, 1891 contiene gran variedad de especies de escorpiones Neotropicales de la familia Buthidae. En Panamá, este género está representado por dos especies. Se describe un reporte de caso de picadura de <em>Ananteris platnicki</em> Lourenço, 1993 en Panamá. Este constituye el primer reporte de envenenamiento por el género <em>Ananteris</em> para la región. Panamá presenta una alta incidencia de escorpionismo ubicándose como una de las más altas en América Latina.</p><p>Abstract:</p><p>The genus <em>Ananteris</em> Thorell, 1891 contains a great variety of species of Neotropical scorpions of the Buthidae family. In Panama, this genus is represented by two species. A case report of a sting of <em>Ananteris platnicki</em> Lourenço, 1993 in Panama described. This is the first report of poisoning by the genus <em>Ananteris</em> for the region. Panama has a high incidence of scorpionism, ranking as one of the highest in Latin America.</p>*********