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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Pastures (Australia)"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 21 de fevereiro de 2023

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1

Brennan, R. F., B. Penrose, and R. W. Bell. "Micronutrients limiting pasture production in Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19087.

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Low levels of plant-available micronutrients were an inherent feature of many agricultural soils in Australia, mostly due to the prevalence of highly weathered soil parent materials. The diagnosis and correction of the widespread deficiencies of micronutrients, especially copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), were prerequisites for the development of productive, legume-based pastures in southern Australia. In subtropical and tropical regions, Mo deficiency commonly limited pasture-legume production. Soil treatments involving micronutrient fertiliser incorporated in soils, or applied as a

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2

Eyles, Alieta, Garth Coghlan, Marcus Hardie, Mark Hovenden, and Kerry Bridle. "Soil carbon sequestration in cool-temperate dryland pastures: mechanisms and management options." Soil Research 53, no. 4 (2015): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14062.

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Permanent pastures, which include sown, native and naturalised pastures, account for 4.3 Mha (56%) of the national land use in Australia. Given their extent, pastures are of great interest with respect to their potential to influence national carbon (C) budgets and CO2 mitigation. Increasing soil organic C (SOC) mitigates greenhouse gases while providing other benefits such as pasture productivity, soil health and ecosystem services. Several management approaches have been recommended to increase C sequestration in pasture-based systems; however, results have proved variable and often contradi

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3

Jones, Roger A. C. "Virus diseases of pasture grasses in Australia: incidences, losses, epidemiology, and management." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 3 (2013): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13134.

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This paper reviews current knowledge for Australia over the occurrence, losses caused, epidemiology, and management of virus diseases of pasture grasses. It also reviews all records of viruses in wild grasses likely to act as alternative host reservoirs for virus spread to nearby pastures or crops. Currently, 21 viruses have been found infecting 36 pasture or forage grass species and 59 wild grass species. These viruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors (mites or insects) or, in one instance, via grass seeds. Their modes of transmission are critical factors determining their incidences with

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4

Pearson, C. J., R. Brown, W. J. Collins, K. A. Archer, M. S. Wood, C. Petersen, and B. Bootle. "An Australian temperate pastures database." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 4 (1997): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96095.

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A census of pasture types and their composition and attributes (e.g. purpose and carrying capacity) was carried out throughout southern Australia from June to October 1994. This paper describes the survey process and subsequent creation of an Australian temperate pastures database. Data were created for 562 local government areas (LGAs) from ‘desk estimates’ by trained agriculturists. They identified about 2500 pasture types, which were grouped into 120 standardised pasture categories. Some findings from the data are identified, namely the high relative importance on an area basis of unimprove

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5

Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, S. J. Welham, M. K. Conyers, L. J. C. Castleman, R. P. Fisher, C. M. Evans, B. R. Cullis, and P. D. Cregan. "Pasture and sheep responses to lime application in a grazing experiment in a high-rainfall area, south-eastern Australia. I. Pasture production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 10 (2006): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05298.

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‘Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER)’ is a long-term pasture–crop rotation experiment commenced in 1992. One of the objectives was to demonstrate the extent of crop, pasture, and animal responses to lime on a typical acidic soil in the 500–800 mm rainfall zone in south-eastern Australia. Two types of pastures (perennial v. annual pastures) with or without lime application were established in 1992. This paper presents the results of the pasture dry matter (DM) responses to lime application over 6 years from 1992 to 1997. Results showed that both perennial and annual pasture

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6

Trompf, J. P., and P. W. G. Sale. "The paired-paddock model as an agent for change on grazing properties across south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 4 (2000): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00046.

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A detailed study was undertaken on the pasture management practices of 146 producers across south-east Australia who participated in the Grassland’s Productivity Program (GPP) for 3 years between 1993 and 1997. The GPP was an extension program to assist wool producers to develop skills and gain confidence in their ability to manage more productive pastures on their farms. The program consisted of 50 farmer groups (200 farmers participating) spread across the 4 states of South Australia, southern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Each farmer established paired-paddocks on their own proper

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7

Mitchell, M. L., M. R. McCaskill, and R. D. Armstrong. "Phosphorus fertiliser management for pastures based on native grasses in south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19217.

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Approximately 3.1 Mha (22%) of the agricultural area of south-eastern Australia can be classified as native pasture. There is the assumption that, owing to the widespread occurrence of low-fertility soils in Australia, native grass species do not respond to increased phosphorus (P) fertility. Currently, there are no industry recommendations of target soil-test P values for native-grass-based pastures. This paper reviews the responses of perennial native pasture species endemic to south-eastern Australia to P application in controlled environments, surveys, replicated experiments and paired-pad

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Vere, D. T., P. M. Dowling, R. E. Jones, and D. R. Kemp. "Economic impact of Vulpia in temperate pasture systems in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 4 (2002): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01100.

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An increasing incidence of annual grasses is considered to be a primary cause of decline in the productivity of Australia's temperate pasture systems. In particular, Vulpia (silver grass) comprises a significant proportion of the biomass of many temperate pastures and can seriously affect livestock productivity. The main economic effects of Vulpia include reducing pasture carrying capacities, contaminating produce and competing with more desirable pasture species. This paper presents the results of an economic evaluation of the costs of Vulpia and the long-term benefits of improving Vulpia man

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9

Lattimore, MAE. "Pastures in temperate rice rotations of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940959.

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Legume-based pastures have long been an integral part of rice growing in the southern New South Wales irrigation areas and still offer potential to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the temperate rice-cropping system.This paper reviews both historical and current aspects of pastures in temperate rice rotations in southern New South Wales and highlights the importance of pastures in sustaining this cropping system as environmental pressures increase. Topics discussed include pasture species and rotations, their role in improving soil fertility and sustainability, th

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10

Bolan, NS, RE White, and MJ Hedley. "A review of the use of phosphate rocks as fertilizers for direct application in Australia and New Zealand." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 2 (1990): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900297.

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Field trials in New Zealand have shown that reactive phosphate rocks (RPRs) can be as effective as soluble P fertilisers, per kg of P applied, on permanent pastures that have a soil pH<6.0 (in water) and a mean annual rainfall >800 mm. Whereas RPRs such as North Carolina, Sechura, Gafsa and Chatham Rise have been evaluated on permanent pastures in New Zealand, most Australian field trials have examined unreactive PRs such as Christmas Island A and C grade, Nauru and Duchess, using annual plant species. Only in recent experiments has an RPR, North Carolina, been examined. Except on the hi

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Jones, Roger A. C. "Virus diseases of perennial pasture legumes in Australia: incidences, losses, epidemiology, and management." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 3 (2013): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13108.

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This article reviews current knowledge for Australia over the occurrence, losses caused, epidemiology, and management of virus diseases of perennial pasture legumes. Currently, 24 viruses have been found infecting perennial pasture legumes, and one or more viruses have been detected in 21 of these species. These viruses are transmitted by insect vectors, non-persistently or persistently, by contact or via seed. Their modes of transmission are critical factors determining their incidences within pastures in different climatic zones. Large-scale national or state surveys of lucerne (alfalfa) (Me

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Angus, J. F., and M. B. Peoples. "Nitrogen from Australian dryland pastures." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 9 (2012): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12161.

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Legume-based pastures, particularly those containing a large proportion of lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa), have a prodigious capacity to fix atmospheric N2. Budgets of N show that permanent pastures in south-eastern Australia, when growing with no management limitations, can supply more N than is removed in animal products and can eventually lead to excess soil N. For a mixed crop–livestock farm, legume-dominant ley pastures occupying ~40% of the land area can maintain a stable N balance. The actual performance of pastures on farms normally falls below the potential. Pastures are being rep

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13

Craig, AD. "Pasture production of two cultivars of Trifolium subterraneum at Kybybolite, South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 5 (1992): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920611.

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Two cultivars of subterranean clover, Trikkala and Mt Barker, were continuously grazed by Merino ewes and lambs at 3 stocking rates (8, 13, and 18 ewes/ha) from 1976 to 198 1. The pastures were assessed for clover seedling density, pasture availability and composition, seed reserves, and oestrogen content. Trikkala produced consistently higher seed yields than Mt Barker, with an average yield 3.36 times that of Mt Barker by January 1981 (1178 v. 350 kg/ka). The higher Trikkala seed yields resulted in improved clover seedling densities and increased amounts of clover in the pastures. At the las

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14

Chan, K. Y., A. Oates, G. D. Li, M. K. Conyers, R. J. Prangnell, G. Poile, D. L. Liu, and I. M. Barchia. "Soil carbon stocks under different pastures and pasture management in the higher rainfall areas of south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 48, no. 1 (2010): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09092.

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In Australia, pastures form the basis of the extensive livestock industries and are important components of crop rotation systems. Despite recent interest in the soil carbon sequestration value of pastures in the mitigation of climate change, little information is available on the soil carbon sequestration potential of pastures in New South Wales farming systems. To quantify the soil carbon stocks under different pastures and a range of pasture management practices, a field survey of soil carbon stocks was undertaken in 2007 in central and southern NSW as well as north-eastern Victoria, using

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15

Kemp, D. R., and P. M. Dowling. "Towards sustainable temperate perennial pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2000): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98003.

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Naturalised pastures across the higher rainfall (>600 mm) perennial pasture zone of south-eastern Australia are less productive than they were, while sown pastures fail to maintain their initial levels of production. Several factors have contributed to this, including lack of knowledge of suitable grazing practices, weed invasion, increasing acid soils, rising water tables and poor management practices during droughts. A key issue in each case is the decline in perennial grass species which is both a cause and effect of the decline in productivity and sustainability of these ecosystems. Thi

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Dolling, P. J. "Water use and drainage under phalaris, annual pasture, and crops on a duplex soil in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99167.

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Rising water tables in southern Western Australia are causing waterlogging and salinity problems. These issues are related to a lower level of water use by annual plants than by the native vegetation. Phalaris can use more water than annual pastures and crops because of deeper rooting characteristics and longer growing season. However, there is limited information on the water use of phalaris in the Western Australian environment. There is also very little information on water balances under annual crops and pastures outside the growing season. A field experiment was carried out on a duplex so

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McCormick, Jeff I., Richard C. Hayes, Guangdi D. Li, and Mark R. Norton. "A review of pasture establishment by undersowing with special reference to the mixed farming zone of south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 10 (2014): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14049.

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Pastures continue to provide essential functions for the mixed-farming zone in south-eastern Australia, where crop and livestock production are integral parts of most farms. Establishment of pastures in this zone needs to be low-cost and preferably with minimal risk. Pastures are typically sown either directly or in combination with a cover-crop (also called undersowing; the practice of sowing pasture seed simultaneously with a crop that is intended for grain production in the first year), so that the establishment cost is offset by income from the sale of grain. The purposes of this review ar

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Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, M. K. Conyers, L. J. C. Castleman, R. P. Fisher, G. J. Poile, C. J. Lisle, B. R. Cullis, and P. D. Cregan. "Pasture and sheep responses to lime application in a grazing experiment in a high-rainfall area, south-eastern Australia. II. Liveweight gain and wool production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 10 (2006): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05299.

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‘Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER)’ is a long-term pasture–crop rotation experiment commenced in 1992. One of the objectives was to demonstrate the extent of crop, pasture, and animal responses to lime application on a typical acidic soil in the 500–800 mm rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. Two types of pastures (perennial v. annual pastures) with or without lime application were established in 1992. Fifteen- to eighteen-month-old Merino hoggets were used as test animals and were changed annually. This paper reports the results of sheep responses to liming from th

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King, K. L., and K. J. Hutchinson. "Pasture and grazing land: assessment of sustainability using invertebrate bioindicators." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 4 (2007): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05270.

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Impacts of practices frequently used to manage Australian pastures are reviewed with the aim of determining which groups are responsive to changes in grazing regime, fertiliser use, pasture types, tree clearing, pesticide use, liming and irrigation. Invertebrate groups sensitive to pasture management regimes may be potential candidates for use as bioindicators of ecological sustainability of these pasture types. This review concentrates on the more intensively utilised temperate pastures of southern Australia, as very little work has been done on the impact of the grazing animal and pasture ma

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Mitchell, GJ, RJ Carter, and SR Chinner. "Studies on the control of water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides) in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950483.

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Water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides L.), a tuberous perennial herb, is currently known in South Australia from only a single locality in the Mount Lofty Ranges. There is little information on water-dropwort control, and 2 experiments were conducted to assess the effects of sowing pasture, with or without presowing herbicides, on the control of this weed. Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial clovers were successfully introduced into infested pastures by direct drilling in autumn. Water-dropwort regenerated from seed more densely in unsown plots than plots of established perennial p

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Dear, B. S. "Australian experience with cool season annual legumes - the challenge to develop environmentally sustainable farming systems." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 11 (January 1, 2003): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.11.2003.2995.

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Australian farming systems have traditionally relied on annual legumes such as subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and annual medics (Medicago spp.) in either short-term pastures in rotation with crops or permanent pastures to provide low cost biologically fixed N and a high quality forage for livestock. The role of legumes in farming systems is now being reassessed because of the recognition that their extensive use is associated with widespread soil acidification, loss of species diversity in native pastures and increasing dryland salinity. In the future, annual legumes are more lik

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Hendricksen, RE, JH Ternouth, and LD Punter. "Seasonal nutrient intake and phosphorus kinetics of grazing steers in northern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 8 (1994): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941817.

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The growth of Bos indicus cross-steers grazing native grass and native grass-legume (Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca) pastures was monitored for 392 days in five unreplicated experimental paddocks, each grazed by three steers. Two phosphorus (P) fertilizer rates: F1, 4-5 kgP/ha every 2 years and F2, 9.0 kgP/ha annually, together with an unfertilized control, FO, were studied. P supplement was supplied to cattle in two additional paddocks (FOS and F1S) at the rate of 5 gP/ha/day-l. In the dry, wet and late wet seasons, pasture yield and pasture component yield were measured. At the same time, the

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McIvor, JG, and CJ Gardener. "Germinable soil seed banks in native pastures in north-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 8 (1994): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941113.

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Germinable soil seed banks were determined in 20 native pasture communities of widely varying composition (dominated by native tussock grasses, Bothriochloa pertusa, or forbs) near Collinsville (20�34'S, 147�51'E). Samples of surface soil (0-10 cm) were taken during the late dry season, seeds were germinated in a shadehouse, and seedlings were identified and counted. Over all pastures there were seeds of 100 species in the seed banks, including 29 grasses (14 perennial), 11 legumes, 8 sedges, and 52 forbs. Total seed numbers varied among pastures from 210 to 9770/m2. Forbs were the most numero

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Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, C. M. Evans, M. C. Wilson, L. J. C. Castleman, R. P. Fisher, B. R. Cullis, and M. K. Conyers. "Effects of lime on the botanical composition of pasture over nine years in a field experiment on the south-western slopes of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 1 (2003): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01194.

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Two permanent pastures (annual pasture v. perennial pasture) were established in 1992 as part of the long-term field experiment, MASTER — Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations. The primary objective of the experiment was to develop an agricultural system that is economically viable and environmentally sustainable on the highly acidic soils in south-eastern Australia. This paper reports on the effects of lime on the botanical composition changes of annual and perennial pastures over 9 years. In general, lime increased the proportion of the desirable species, such as phalaris (Phalaris

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Moore, Andrew D. "The case for and against perennial forages in the Australian sheep–wheat zone: modelling livestock production, business risk and environmental interactions." Animal Production Science 54, no. 12 (2014): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14613.

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Perennial forages have been proposed as a means of ameliorating both the summer–autumn feed gap and the risks posed by soil salinity and erosion in mixed farming areas of southern Australia. Whole-farm simulation analyses using the APSIM and GRAZPLAN models at nine locations across southern Australia have evaluated the likely trade-offs among expected profitability, financial risk, soil erosion risk, deep drainage and soil carbon change as annual pastures are converted to perennial pastures based on a C3 grass, a C4 grass or lucerne. Differences between perennial and annual feedbases in total

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Ward, P. R., F. X. Dunin, and S. F. Micin. "Water balance of annual and perennial pastures on a duplex soil in a Mediterranean environment." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99081.

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Dryland salinity in southern Australia is largely due to inadequate water use by annual agricultural crops and pastures. Perennial pastures, such as lucerne, have been proposed as a possible means of increasing water use whilst maintaining flexibility in agricultural rotations. In a trial located on a duplex soil near Katanning, Western Australia, lucerne and subterranean clover pastures both used water at rates indistinguishable from potential evapotranspiration during the winter and early spring of 3 consecutive years (1995–97), and completely exhausted water stored in the A horizon. Lucerne

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Latta, R. A., and A. Lyons. "The performance of lucerne - wheat rotations on Western Australian duplex soils." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04016.

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In field experiments on duplex soils in the south-eastern and central Western Australian wheatbelt, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) was compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in pasture–crop rotations. Comparative pasture plant densities and biomass, soil water content, available soil nitrogen, wheat grain yield, and protein content were measured during 2 and 3 years of pasture followed by 2 and 1 year of wheat, respectively. Lucerne densities declined by 60–90% over the 3-year pasture phase but produced up to 3 times more total annual biomass than weed-dominant annual past

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Hall, Trevor J., Richard G. Silcock, and David G. Mayer. "Grazing pressure and tree competition affect cattle performance and native pastures in Eucalypt woodlands of Queensland, north-eastern Australia." Animal Production Science 60, no. 7 (2020): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18512.

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Context Well managed grazing pressure will optimise animal and pasture production, and preserve the soil to maintain a viable beef business on native pastures in eucalypt woodlands. Aims A cattle grazing experiment was established to measure animal and pasture performance under management practices used in the Aristida/Bothriochloa native pastures in central Queensland. Methods Performance of Brahman-cross steers and pastures were measured in an experiment with three grazing pressures by two tree densities in a Eucalyptus populnea woodland in north-eastern Australia over 8 years in paddocks of

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CHEN, G., G. D. LI, M. K. CONYERS, and B. R. CULLIS. "LONG-TERM LIMING REGIME INCREASES PRIME LAMB PRODUCTION ON ACID SOILS." Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 2 (April 2009): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708007497.

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SUMMARYPrime lamb live weight response to lime application on pasture was measured in a grazing experiment in the high rainfall zone of the southwestern slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The pastures were limed every 6 years over 15 years. First cross South African Meat Merino lambs were used as test animals. Pre- and post-grazing pasture dry matter (DM) yield, botanical composition, feed quality and lamb live weight were monitored over 12 weeks in 2007. Results showed that liming significantly increased pasture DM yield of high quality species and improved overall pasture quality due to i

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Sanford, P., R. D. B. Whalley, D. L. Garden, M. R. Norton, C. M. Waters, A. B. Smith, M. L. Mitchell, et al. "Identification of superior native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05005.

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This paper is the fifth in a series describing trials evaluating native and introduced grasses at eight locations across temperate Australia. In these trials, 62 perennial grass lines were assessed for herbage production, survival and recruitment under low fertiliser conditions using spaced plants produced in glass houses and transplanted into the field. Sites were grouped into three different climatic zones: Eastern Australian permanent pasture, Eastern Australian mixed farming and Mediterranean zone. For each of these zones, superior lines were identified and their potential use in permanent

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Vere, D. T., R. E. Jones, and M. H. Campbell. "Long-term change in the economic productivity of four major pasture categories on the south-eastern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01002.

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The perception of change or decline in the productivity of temperate pastures in south-eastern Australia is an important concern to livestock producers and pasture scientists. Much of this concern relates to reductions in the proportions of desirable species in the composition of pasture systems as a result of increased soil and weed problems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate trends in the long-term economic productivity of four categories of temperate pastures (all introduced pastures, introduced perennial grasses, introduced legumes and all native pastures) on the central and sout

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Sangha, Kamaljit K., Rajesh K. Jalota, and David J. Midmore. "Impact of tree clearing on soil pH and nutrient availability in grazing systems of central Queensland, Australia." Soil Research 43, no. 1 (2005): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03152.

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In Queensland, land is cleared at high rates to develop pastures for enhanced production and the associated monetary gains. However, pasture production declines over time in cleared pastures until a new equilibrium is reached. The present study focussed on elucidating the reasons for decline in pasture production and finding the key soil properties that are affected due to clearing. Paired sites for cleared and uncleared pastures were selected to represent 3 dominant tree communities of the semi-arid tropics in central Queensland, i.e. Eucalyptus populnea, E. melanophloia, and Acacia harpophyl

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Axelsen, A., PJ Waller, AD Donald, RJ Dobson, and JB Nadin. "Grazing management and nematode parasite control in cattle in the temperate climatic zone of Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 3 (1986): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860267.

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Over 2 years, 1979 and 1981, yearling cattle were grazed from July to December/January on phalaris- or annual ryegrass-based pastures that had been previously grazed by either weaners, cows or cattle drenched every 2 weeks. All yearlings had previously been drenched at weaning in autumn, and from July were either set-stocked, or moved once or twice on to pastures previously grazed by cows. The experiment was conducted at Ginninderra. near Canberra. If a portion of the pasture was saved in winter for grazing in early spring, increased liveweight gains were observed while yearlings grazed the sa

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Bell, Lindsay W., Megan H. Ryan, Geoff A. Moore, and Mike A. Ewing. "Comparative water use by Dorycnium hirsutum-, lucerne-, and annual-based pastures in the Western Australian wheatbelt." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 8 (2006): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05409.

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Dryland salinity in southern Australia has been caused by inadequate water use by annual crops and pastures. The purpose of this study was to compare the water use of annual pastures and Medicago sativa L. (lucerne) with Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser., a potential new perennial forage species. The soil water dynamics under bare ground, annual legume-, lucerne-, and D. hirsutum-based pastures were compared at 2 sites in the low- (Merredin) and medium- (New Norcia) rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia between September 2002 and February 2005. Soil under D. hirsutum was drier than under annual p

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35

Garden, D. L., G. M. Lodge, D. A. Friend, P. M. Dowling, and B. A. Orchard. "Effects of grazing management on botanical composition of native grass-based pastures in temperate south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2000): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98010.

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Grazing management strategies to alter botanical composition of native pastures were investigated at 4 locations in the high rainfall zone of south-east Australia, including Tasmania. These studies were conducted as part of the Temperate Pasture Sustainability Key Program, which evaluated the effects of grazing management on a wide range of pasture types between 1993 and 1996. Pastures in this study were based on Aristida ramosa/Bothriochloa macra, Microlaena stipoides–Austrodanthonia spp. or Themeda triandra–Austrodanthonia spp. Seasonal rests, increased grazing pressure in spring, mob stocki

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36

Thomson, C. J., C. K. Revell, N. C. Turner, M. A. Ewing, and I. F. Le Coultre. "Influence of rotation and time of germinating rains on the productivity and composition of annual pastures in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 2 (1998): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a94082.

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A long-term rotation experiment located in south-western Australia was used to measure the effect of rotation and time of germinating rains on the productivity and botanical composition of grazed annual pastures in 2 contrasting seasons in an environment with an average annual rainfall of 325 mm. The density of self-regenerating seedlings of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), capeweed (Arctotheca calendula), and grasses (Lolium rigidum, Hordeum leporinum, Bromus diandrus) was greatly increased (approx. 3 times the density) when there was a second year of pasture after crop compared

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37

Anderson, GW, and RW Moore. "Productivity in the first seven years of a Pinus radiata-annual pasture agroforest in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 2 (1987): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870231.

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Pinus radiata seedlings were planted into an annual pasture at low, medium and high densities. The trees were pruned annually from year 4 and those with poor form were progressively culled until final stand densities of 75, 150 and 225 trees ha-1 were achieved 7 years after planting. The pastures were grazed by sheep from year 4. The sheep carrying capacities of the pastures declined as tree density increased because of competition between trees and pasture and also because of debris from thinning and pruning. In year 7, under the high density trees, the sheep carrying capacity of the pastures

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38

Elliott, D. E., and R. J. Abbott. "Nitrogen fertiliser use on rain-fed pasture in the Mt Lofty Ranges, SouthAustralia. 2. Responses of perennial grasses, Tama ryegrass, andsod-sown oats to nitrogen fertiliser and cutting frequency." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 6 (2003): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01132.

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Two series of experiments were conducted in the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, to examine, in a grass–subterranean clover pasture, the contribution of the companion grass to herbage mass and the responsiveness to the application of nitrogen (N) fertiliser. The first study examined the responsiveness, to a single rate of N, of grass–clover pastures containing either Tama ryegrass, sod-sown oats or 1 of 4 perennial grasses, viz. Victorian perennial ryegrass, Demeter fescue, Currie cocksfoot or Australian phalaris. These were compared in 2 experiments, under 3��different cutting frequencies at

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39

Johnston, W. H., P. S. Cornish, and V. F. Shoemark. "Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: a comparison with Medicago sativa L. and Phalaris aquatica L. pastures under rotational grazing." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 4 (2005): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03117.

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A grazing experiment conducted in Wagga Wagga (New South Wales) from September 1993 to September 1998 compared the productivity of pastures containing 3 palatable types of summer-active Eragrostis curvula complex, with pastures containing either Medicago sativa or Phalaris aquatica. Issues relating to the management of E. curvula pastures were also investigated. Herbage growth rates of the P. aquatica and M. sativa pastures were highest in winter and spring; E. curvula pastures were most productive in summer and autumn. Stocking rates equivalent to 30–40 dry sheep were carried by the pastures

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40

McGregor, B. A. "Influence of stocking rate and mixed grazing of Angora goats and Merino sheep on animal and pasture production in southern Australia. 1. Botanical composition, sward characteristics and availability of components of annual temperate pastures." Animal Production Science 50, no. 2 (2010): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09128.

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The effects of animal species (AS; Angora goats, Merino sheep or goats and sheep mixed grazed together at ratio 1 : 1) and stocking rate (SR; 7.5, 10 and 12.5 animals/ha) on the availability, botanical composition and sward characteristics of annual temperate pastures under continuous grazing were determined in a replicated experiment from 1981 to 1984. AS and SR had significant effects on pasture availability and composition and many AS × SR interactions were detected. The pastures grazed by sheep had significantly reduced content and proportion of subterranean clover and more undesirable gra

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McFarlane, JD, GJ Judson, and J. Gouzos. "Copper deficiency in ruminants in the South East of South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 2 (1990): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900187.

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Pasture development in the South East of South Australia has depended upon trace element enriched fertiliser applications. Despite the wide usage of copper-enriched fertilisers, copper deficiency is still evident in livestock at pasture, particularly cattle. Serum collected from cows and heifers during the systematic sampling program of the Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Scheme was analysed for copper. Of the 3611 pooled herd samples analysed, approximately 9% had low serum copper concentrations (<7 �mol/L). Distribution of those herds identified to be at risk of copper deficiency

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White, R. E., K. R. Helyar, A. M. Ridley, D. Chen, L. K. Heng, J. Evans, R. Fisher, et al. "Soil factors affecting the sustainability and productivity of perennial and annual pastures in the high rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2000): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98013.

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A field study was carried out in the high rainfall zone (HRZ, >600 mm p.a.) of southern Australia from March 1994 to August 1997 to test the hypothesis that sown perennial grasses and liming could make the existing pastures more sustainable through better use of water and nitrogen. The site, on an acid duplex soil at Book Book near Wagga Wagga in southern New South Wales, was typical of much of the HRZ grazing country in southern New South Wales and north-east Victoria. The experiment consisted of 4 replicate paddocks (each 0.135 ha) of 4 treatments: annual pasture (mainly ryegrass Lolium r

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43

O'Rourke, Tiernan A., Tim T. Scanlon, Megan H. Ryan, Len J. Wade, Alan C. McKay, Ian T. Riley, Hua Li, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, and Martin J. Barbetti. "Severity of root rot in mature subterranean clover and associated fungal pathogens in the wheatbelt of Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 1 (2009): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08187.

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Pasture decline is considered to be a serious challenge to agricultural productivity of subterranean clover across southern Australia. Root disease is a significant contributing factor to pasture decline. However, root disease assessments are generally carried out in the early part of the growing season and in areas predominantly sown to permanent pastures. For this reason, in spring 2004, a survey was undertaken to determine the severity of root disease in mature subterranean clover plants in pastures located in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. DNA-based soil assays were used to estimate p

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44

Bolger, T. P., and N. C. Turner. "Water use efficiency and water use of Mediterranean annual pastures in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 6 (1999): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98109.

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There is a perception in the farming and research communities that annual pastures have low produc- tivity and water use, and contribute disproportionately to problems of rising watertables and dryland salinity. Our aim was to determine potential pasture production in relation to water use and the influence of management factors on this relationship. Experiments were initiated at 4 locations along a gradient of 300–1100 mm annual rainfall across the Western Australian agricultural zone. At each site a high input treatment was compared with a low input control. There was a strong linear relatio

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45

Sanderman, Jonathan, I. R. P. Fillery, R. Jongepier, A. Massalsky, M. M. Roper, L. M. Macdonald, T. Maddern, D. V. Murphy, and J. A. Baldock. "Carbon sequestration under subtropical perennial pastures II: Carbon dynamics." Soil Research 51, no. 8 (2013): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12351.

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Here we take advantage of the stable carbon isotope shift that occurs when a C4 plant is sown into a soil previously dominated by C3 vegetation, to explore the movement and fate of newly sequestered soil organic carbon (SOC) following establishment of subtropical perennial pastures in temperate regions of Australia. In kikuyu-based pastures up to 33 years of age, SOC accumulated exclusively in the coarse size fraction (>50 μm) in the sandy soils of southern Western Australia. In South Australian loams, regardless of pasture age, new SOC was found to accumulate in both the coarse and fine (&

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46

Sandral, Graeme A., Andrew Price, Shane M. Hildebrand, Christopher G. Fuller, Rebecca E. Haling, Adam Stefanski, Zongjian Yang, et al. "Field benchmarking of the critical external phosphorus requirements of pasture legumes for southern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19014.

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In recent decades several pasture legumes have been available in southern Australia as potential alternatives to the most widely used annual pasture legume Trifolium subterraneum. Little is known about their soil phosphorus (P) requirements, but controlled environment experiments indicate that at least some may differ in their P fertiliser requirements. In this study, pasture legume varieties, including T. subterraneum as the reference species, were grown at up to four sites in any one year over a 3-year period (in total, seven site × year experiments) to measure herbage growth responses in sp

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Thomas, G. A., R. C. Dalal, E. J. Weston, K. J. Lehane, A. J. King, D. N. Orange, C. J. Holmes, and G. B. Wildermuth. "Pasture - crop rotations for sustainable production in a wheat and sheep-based farming system on a Vertosol in south-west Queensland, Australia." Animal Production Science 49, no. 8 (2009): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07170.

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Rainfed grain production, based on winter cereals, is marginal in south-west Queensland, Australia, because of low and variable rainfall and high evapotranspiration. Also, grain yield and grain quality have decreased as soil fertility, particularly soil nitrogen supply, has declined on older cropping lands. An option for improving soil N supply is to include legume-based pastures in rotation with winter cereals. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of short-term (18 months) legume pastures (annual medics and lucerne + annual medics), and longer term (3 years) mixed grass (B

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Bortolussi, G., J. G. McIvor, J. J. Hodgkinson, S. G. Coffey, and C. R. Holmes. "The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 5. Land and pasture development practices." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04013.

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The land and pasture development practices of 375 northern Australian beef properties in 8 regions were surveyed during 1996–97. These properties represented a broad cross-section of the beef industry in terms of geographical location, enterprise and herd size, and ownership structures. Both tree clearing and killing were more common in Queensland than in the Northern Territory or northern Western Australia. In all regions where trees were poisoned, native pasture was more widely used than sowing introduced grass and/or legume species. In contrast, tree clearing was most often accompanied by s

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Bortolussi, G., J. G. McIvor, J. J. Hodgkinson, S. G. Coffey, and C. R. Holmes. "The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 3. Annual liveweight gains from pasture based systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03098.

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The herd performance of 375 northern Australian beef producers during the 1991 and 1992 to 1995 and 1996 financial years was surveyed in 1996 and 1997. Estimates were made of annual liveweight gain from production systems based on native and improved pastures together with hormonal growth promotant use and supplementation practices. The most commonly used pasture communities for growing and finishing cattle were black speargrass and brigalow communities in Central Coastal Queensland and the Central Highlands; black speargrass in Northern Queensland; Mitchell grass and gidgee in Central Western

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Hocking Edwards, Janelle E., David G. Masters, Emma Winslow, Serina Hancock, Andrew N. Thompson, Gordon Refshauge, Shawn R. McGrath, Susan M. Robertson, Marie S. Bhanugopan, and Michael A. Friend. "Calcium and magnesium status of pregnant ewes grazing southern Australian pastures." Animal Production Science 58, no. 8 (2018): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17766.

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During pregnancy, ewes graze pastures that may be marginal in calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and may also be low in sodium (Na) and high in potassium (K), with a high dietary cation–anion difference. Such pastures may increase susceptibility to hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia, leading to lamb losses. Clinical hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia do occur in Australian sheep; however, it is unknown whether subclinical forms of these disorders compromise ewe or lamb health and survival. The present study monitored the Ca and Mg status of ewes in late pregnancy, so as to evaluate the risk of sub

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