Artigos de revistas: "Pathology"

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Kulkarni, Sushma P. "Therapeutic Pathology- The Pathology of Tomorrow." Journal of Experimental Pathology 5, no. 1 (March 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.5.045.

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Dib, Kariml. "b2 integrin signaling in leukocytes." Frontiers in Bioscience 5, no. 1 (2000): d438. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/pathology.

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Fournié, Bernard. "Pathology and clinico-pathologic correlations in spondyloarthropathies." Joint Bone Spine 71, no. 6 (November 2004): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.02.002.

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Miller, N. "Oral pathology: clinical pathologic correlations, 6th edition." British Dental Journal 212, no. 11 (June 2012): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.516.

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Rudisch, Ansgar, Ruediger Emshoff, Herbert Maurer, Peter Kovacs, and Gerd Bodner. "Pathologic-sonographic correlation in temporomandibular joint pathology." European Radiology 16, no. 8 (March 1, 2006): 1750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-006-0162-0.

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Burgdorf, Walter H. C. "Oral pathology: Clinical pathologic correlations, 5th ed." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 58, no. 6 (June 2008): 1086–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2008.02.029.

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Attwood, H. D. "Pathology and Clinical Pathology." Pathology 20, no. 2 (1988): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)36647-8.

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Fedotov, V. V. "Gait – Pathology or Physiology." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 3, no. 4 (May 18, 2018): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs03.04.124.

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Ritter, Jana M., Roosecelis B. Martines, and Sherif R. Zaki. "Zika Virus: Pathology From the Pandemic." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 141, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0397-sa.

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Context.—As the number of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections continues to grow, so, too, does the spectrum of recognized clinical disease, in both adult and congenital infections. Defining the tissue pathology associated with the various disease manifestations provides insight into pathogenesis and diagnosis, and potentially future prevention and treatment, of ZIKV infections. Objective.—To summarize the syndromes and pathology associated with ZIKV infection, the implications of pathologic findings in the pathogenesis of ZIKV disease, and the use of pathology specimens for diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Data Sources.—The major sources of information for this review were published articles obtained from PubMed and pathologic findings from cases submitted to the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Conclusions.—Pathologic findings associated with ZIKV infection are characteristic but not specific. In congenital Zika syndrome, tissue pathology is due to direct viral infection of neural structures, whereas in Guillain-Barré syndrome, pathology is likely due to a postviral, aberrant host-directed immune response. Both fetal and placental pathology specimens are useful for ZIKV diagnosis by molecular and immunohistochemical assays; however, the implications of ZIKV detection in placentas from second- and third-trimester normal live births are unclear, as the potential postnatal effects of late gestational exposure remain to be seen.

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Steinbeck, RG. "Pathologic mitoses and pathology of mitosis in tumorigenesis." European Journal of Histochemistry 45, no. 4 (December 30, 2009): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/1640.

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de Souza, Daniely Hackbarth, Patricia Haas, Marcos José Machado, Luciana Berwanger Cigana, and Karina Mary de Paiva. "Analysis of Hearing Monitoring in Children during Annual Visits to an Outpatient Hearing Health Service Program." Journal of Experimental Pathology 5, no. 1 (2024): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.5.051.

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Preserving the integrity of the auditory system is crucial for language development, learning, and social interaction. Any interruption in these processes during development can result in significant functional impairments. The objective was to carry out a longitudinal analysis of audiological data from children who underwent an initial assessment at SASA in 2018 and were followed up for 4 years at the outpatient's annual consultations. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with children who underwent initial assessment for hearing loss and follow-up at a reference service for the Unified Health System (SUS), from January 2018 to December 2022. Children aged 0 to 12 years old who underwent an initial assessment for hearing loss and follow-up in the service's database, where secondary data analyses will be carried out. Data from 127 subjects with an average age of 20 months were analyzed. 60.62% of the subjects were diagnosed with some degree of hearing loss, and the etiology of the change remained unknown in 29.90% of the cases. A considerable percentage of subjects remained under follow-up during annual consultations. There was good adherence to annual returns and follow-ups at the outpatient clinic, indicating a high attendance rate.

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Polsdofer, Erik, and Jian Jing. "Immunohistochemistry in Small Lung Biopsies: Diagnostic Pitfalls and Challenges with Limited Panels." Journal of Experimental Pathology 5, no. 1 (2024): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.5.053.

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With the increasing need for targeted therapies in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), preserving sufficient biopsy material has become essential. As most lung cancer cases are advanced or inoperable at the time of diagnosis, small biopsies, including cytology specimens, often serve as the only source of diagnostic material. Accurate subclassification of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in NSCLC using a limited panel including TTF1 and p63/p40 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, as well as confirming small cell carcinoma using essential IHC markers, is critical for precise diagnosis, cost-effective treatment, and optimal patient care. This review highlights common challenges in applying IHC to small lung biopsies, focusing on diagnostic pitfalls from real-world cases, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and the use of IHC markers to support neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosis. Together, these entities account for over 94% of all lung cancers, according to 2024 cancer statistics. Relevant clinical information, epidemiology, and molecular mechanisms will also be discussed for comprehensive practice considerations. The goal is to raise awareness among practicing pathologists about the critical role of IHC applications in small lung biopsies, with the aim of improving patient care by minimizing unnecessary IHC use while ensuring accurate diagnoses.

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Addissouky, Tamer A. "Nanopore Sequencing of Cell-free DNA: An Emerging Liquid Biopsy Approach for Brain Tumor Molecular Profiling." Journal of Experimental Pathology 5, no. 1 (2024): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.5.052.

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Background: Brain tumors exhibit significant molecular heterogeneity, complicating diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Traditional tissue biopsies are invasive and often fail to capture the full tumor landscape due to intratumoral heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy, which analyzes cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), offers a minimally invasive alternative for tumor profiling. Nanopore sequencing, a novel long-read sequencing technology, is emerging as a valuable tool in this context. Purpose: This review explores the application of nanopore sequencing in molecular profiling of brain tumors using liquid biopsy, focusing on its ability to detect both genetic and epigenetic alterations with clinical relevance. Main body: Brain tumors, such as gliomas and medulloblastomas, are characterized by diverse molecular profiles, which influence patient outcomes and treatment strategies. Nanopore sequencing offers unique advantages for profiling cfDNA from biofluids like cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, including the ability to generate long reads and detect structural variants, copy number alterations, and methylation patterns. Several studies have demonstrated its potential to identify key mutations (e.g., IDH1/2, H3K27 M) and track tumor evolution through serial cfDNA monitoring. However, challenges remain, including low ctDNA fractions in biofluids and bioinformatic complexities. Conclusion: Nanopore sequencing holds significant promise for advancing non-invasive molecular profiling of brain tumors, offering real-time insights into tumor genomics and evolution. This technology could revolutionize personalized brain tumor management, but further validation and optimization are needed before it can be routinely applied in clinical practice.

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Horace, Reuben, Sara P. Roldan, and Carlos J. Roldan. "Methylene Blue Oral Rinse: An Effective Alternative for the Treatment of Pain in Oral Mucositis during Head and Neck Cancer Treatment." Journal of Experimental Pathology 5, no. 1 (2024): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.5.049.

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Kaushal, Anju. "Microbiome to dictate the occurrence of neurological disorders." Journal of Experimental and Molecular Pathology 1, no. 1 (September 23, 2024): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46439/pathology.1.004.

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Neuropsychiatric disorders have been the constant burden impacting healthcare since 1990, and more than 3 billion people worldwide are living with neurological conditions. Mental health conditions with cognitive decline were also observed in people who contracted SARSCoV-2 and later presented the PACS related disease after the resolution of primary infection. Long term dysbiosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and neurological inflammations signify the establishment of major depressive disorders (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), lateral sclerosis etc. More than 4% of cases of periodontitis are likely to develop brain related abnormalities. Conversely, cellular and molecular alterations keep restoring Amyloid beta peptides (Aβ), tau protein, and 2-synuclein protein with plaque formation allow the disease associate microglia (DAM TREM) phenotype to transfer the aberrant signals through post synaptic neurons. Brain related inflammations are accompanied by various agonist molecules, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), increased C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Firmicutes with Lactobacillus spp., Ruminococcus spp., Lachnospira spp. are the known short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers, those meant to involve in regulating the immunological and physiological functions from Gut-Brain-Gut building homeostasis. Aβ stimulation of glial cells produces anti-inflammatory effects, while controlling the ERK/MAPK/JAK/NFkβ pathways-based inflammations. Serotonin, dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), kynurenic acid are the regulatory neurotransmitters that contribute to the prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases and also reduce the stress related corticosterone. Impaired molecular signals disrupt the endothelial layer of gut and blood brain barrier (BBB) impacting the serotonin production in brain. It is imperative to utilize pre, pro, and postbiotics to modulate the depleted microbiota, could reverse the aberrant signals instigating a better disease prognosis.

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Behmen, Meliha Basoz, and Nida Tas Elibol. "Auditory system and COVID-19." Journal of Experimental and Molecular Pathology 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2024): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46439/pathology.1.002.

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The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2020 may affect the peripheral and central auditory system. According to studies in the literature, symptoms affecting the vestibulocochlear system such as sudden hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular neuritis are seen in individuals with COVID -19. While viral pathogens directly affect the structures that supply blood and nutrition to the inner ear, such as the stria vascularis, they can indirectly cause hearing disorders by damaging the immune system. Depending on the affected anatomical region, different symptoms can be observed in individuals. For this reason, post-disease audiological evaluations should be made for individuals with COVID-19. Annual follow-up of these individuals should be added to clinical procedures so that long-acting effects are not overlooked.

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Agrawal, Suraksha. "Role of KIR like natural killer cell receptors in autoimmune disorders: A commentary." Journal of Experimental and Molecular Pathology 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2024): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46439/pathology.1.003.

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Introduction: Autoimmune diseases are complex conditions involving both genetic and environmental factors. Despite numerous studies on the role of immune cells, the exact mechanisms underlying autoimmunity remain uncertain. Role of NK cells in autoimmunity: Understanding the interplay between cells and cytokines in promoting autoimmunity holds great promise for research. Natural Killer (NK) cells play a significant role in innate immunity by targeting and eliminating cells without the need for prior antigen exposure. Initially, NK cells were thought to contribute to suppressing the immune response due to their potent cytolytic activities. Recent Advances: Recent research, however, has highlighted their involvement in autoimmunity, particularly through their allele-specific receptors that interact with specific alleles of HLA, contributing to self-tolerance in the immune system's normal development. The role of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in autoimmune diseases has been emphasized in this review. Further research: Studies among different ethnic groups have produced inconsistent results, calling for further research to evaluate the functional impact of the KIR gene cluster on various autoimmune diseases. It's crucial to understand receptor-ligand interactions in the context of autoimmunity to uncover how HLA-KIR genotypes act in susceptible or protective ways. Insights gained from such studies may also inform the development of effective treatment approaches.

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Yang, Xuefei, Jiaqi Zhang, Xiuxiu Wei, Ping Wang, Fengyun Wang, and Xudong Tang. "A Work on the Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Step-down on Non-erosive Reflux Disease." Journal of Experimental Pathology 5, no. 1 (2024): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.5.048.

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Marques-Reis, Mariana, Barbara Hauert, and Eduardo Moreno. "Azot is Not Essential for Loser Cell Elimination in a Time-dependent Manner." Journal of Experimental Pathology 5, no. 1 (2024): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.5.050.

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Cell competition is a conserved phenomenon spanning from arthropods to humans. It involves the elimination of viable yet suboptimal "loser" cells when juxtaposed with their fitter "winner" counterparts. This process has received increased attention for its implications in cancer initiation and progression, neurodegeneration, and ageing. This study investigates the presence of the loser fitness fingerprint Flower LoseB (Fwe LB) and the fitness checkpoint Azot in the optic lobes over a period of 28 days. Notably, the absence of Azot is conventionally linked to the accumulation of loser cells over time. However, our investigation reveals that this accumulation is not perpetual and, intriguingly, Azot is not required for loser cell elimination in this context because loser cells are still eliminated by apoptosis in its absence. Furthermore, we wanted to clarify the percentage of loser cells that are eliminated, and the percentage of dying cells identified as loser during cell competition. We estimate that fewer than 50% of Fwe LB-expressing cells also express Azot and undergo apoptosis. Remarkably, our calculations also demonstrate that over 50% of cells undergoing apoptosis at any given time point are positive for the loser markers Fwe LB and Azot, stressing the relevant role of cell competition in promoting the elimination of suboptimal cells. This comprehensive analysis of fitness marker dynamics over a 28-day timeframe sheds new light on the intricate mechanisms governing Flower-dependent cell competition.

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Tran, Anthony, and Carlos J. Roldan. "Non-Interventional Treatment of Post-Dural-Puncture Headache; High-Flow Oxygen and Pro-Serotonin Agents a Safe and Effective Alternative." Journal of Experimental Pathology 3, no. 2 (November 10, 2022): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.3.038.

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Shirani, Fatemeh, and Leila Barahimi. "Evaluation of the Relationship between Capillaroscopic Symptoms and the Severity of Systemic Lupus Erythematous." Journal of Experimental Pathology 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.3.037.

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Objectives: Use of imaging tools can detect some specific pathological changes associated with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between capillaroscopic symptoms and the severity of SLE. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 56 patients with SLE undergoing capillaroscopy referred to Rasool-e Akram hospital in Tehran in 2018. Capillaroscopy findings were assessed according to demographic characteristics and duration of disease. Results: All patients had at least one positive finding related to capillaroscopy. Regarding capillaroscopic findings, abnormal microvascular structure in 37.5%, decreased vascular density in 78.6%, enlarged cap loop in 32.1%, microhemorrhage in 16.1% and neoangiogenesis in 25.0% were observed. The results revealed higher vascular density loss in women and higher neoangiogenesis in affected men and higher rate of abnormal microvascular structure at older ages and microhemorrhage at younger ages. Direct relationship was also found between duration of disease and microhemorrhage. Conclusion: Almost all patients with SLE undergoing capillaroscopy had at least one pathophysiological change in the capillary bed. The most common pathophysiological change was decreased vascular density, abnormal microvascular structure and capillary loop enlargement.

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Finall, A., D. James, M. Quintela-Vazquez, and RS Conlan. "Differential Expression of Long Non-coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Genes in Endometriosis-associated Ovarian Cancer (EAOC): A Pilot Meta-analysis for Pathological Insights and Potential Diagnostic Biomarker Identification." Journal of Experimental Pathology 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.3.039.

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Introduction: Endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas of the ovary are the most common subtypes of epithelial malignancy arising from endometriosis and are often termed endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas (EAOCs). There is a paucity of experimental evidence in the medical literature regarding the role of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) gene expression in the pathogenesis of these carcinomas. Purpose: There is a need to develop understanding of the pathogenesis of these carcinomas for neoplastic risk stratification in endometriosis and to develop novel diagnostic biomarkers. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, in particular, has a poor prognosis as a result of resistance to standard platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: RNAseq datasets from EAOCs were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and compared with normal ovarian control sequences using a customized bioinformatic pipeline. Results: We found 88 differentially expressed non-coding RNA molecules present in both endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma types compared with controls. A further 117 were specifically differentially expressed in the endometrioid carcinoma group and 128 in clear cell carcinoma samples alone. Genes of interest for further study from the 88 shared set in both EAOC types include CASC9, RP4-561L24.3, SLC2A1-AS1, LUCAT1, XIST, CASC15, and MIR99AHG. These genes appear to influence ferroptosis as a common pathway. Conclusions: Alterations in the ferroptosis pathway may be a key event in development of EAOC in ovarian endometriosis patients. Further work is required to elucidate the function of the candidate RNA genes identified in this study by in-vitro, cell line and cultured organoid experiments. These candidate RNA gene biomarkers have potential clinical utility in early diagnosis, risk stratification of endometriosis, and post-surgical monitoring.

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Molano Franco, Daniel, R. Masclans Joan, Xavier Nuvials, Mario Gomez, Cesar Enciso, Mario Villabon, Edgar Beltran, et al. "The Duration of Mechanical Ventilation is the Main Cause of Bacterial/Fungal Superinfection in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 at Altitude." Journal of Experimental Pathology 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.3.040.

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Background. COVID-19 patients in intensive care units suffer from bacterial/fungal superinfections. However, the incidence and cause of such superinfections in high-altitude hospitals remain poorly investigated. Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of bacterial/fungal superinfection in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Hospital Universitario San José de Bogotá, Colombia, located at an altitude of 2,651 meters above sea level (high altitude). The impact of corticosteroids on the development of infection was also evaluated. Methods. The cohort included 279 patients, of which 188 (67.4%) were male, 116 (42.3%) were treated with dexamethasone, and 48 (17.2%) were diagnosed with superinfection. A retrospective descriptive cohort study was performed to evaluate the association between bacterial/fungal superinfection frequency, corticosteroid treatment, mechanical ventilation, and mortality rate. Results. Our results showed that bacteremia was the most frequent diagnosis (n=20; 41.6%) of patients with superinfection, followed by pulmonary superinfection (n=17; 35.4%). The most frequently identified causative agents of superinfection were K. pneumoniae (n=23; 26.1%), C. albicans (n=10; 11.4%) and P. aeruginosa (n=8; 9.1%). Moreover, our results showed no association between corticosteroid treatment (or the use of empiric antibiotic treatment) and mortality. However, we found a significant association between bacterial/fungal superinfection and the number of days on mechanical ventilation. However, bacterial/fungal superinfection showed no impact on the mortality rate. Conclusions. We conclude that bacterial/fungal superinfection in ICU highland patients with SARS-CoV-2 treated at Hospital Universitario San José in Bogotá, Colombia, increases mainly in proportion to the time required for mechanical ventilation.

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Zhang, Xiaoxuan, and Wen-Yuan Song. "Drought treatment: A new tool for dissecting XA21 signaling in rice." Journal of Experimental and Molecular Pathology 1, no. 1 (May 9, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.46439/pathology.1.001.

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Duan, Huanli, Qiang Ma, Leiming Wang, Shengnan Wang, Yanlei Xiong, and Lianghong Teng. "Concurrent PIK3CA and TERT Mutation Promote the Proliferation and Invasion of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells and may be Caused by Up-regulating the Expression of GABPA/GABPB1." Journal of Experimental Pathology 4, no. 1 (August 22, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.4.041.

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Our previous research demonstrated that TERT and concurrent PIK3CA mutations predict worse overall survival in patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic oncogenic operations of the two oncogenes is unclear. This study aimed to explore further the effect of TERT and PIK3CA co-mutation on the malignant biological phenotype of thyroid carcinoma and its possible mechanism. PIK3CA E545K mutation plasmid was transfected into thyroid anaplastic cancer cell line (C643) with TERT promoter mutation, then CCK-8 and transwell invasion assays were used to investigate the ability of cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. RT-qPCR and western blot were performed to detect the expression of PIK3CA, TERT, GABPA and GABPB1. GABPA/GABPB1 siRNA plasmid was transfected with C643 cells, then the ability of cell proliferation and invasion were identified. We also detected the expression of PIK3CA and TERT. C643 cells carry TERT promoter mutation C228T. Concurrent PIK3CA E545K and TERT mutation markedly enhanced the proliferation and invasion of C643 cell in vitro, with significantly increased mRNA/protein expression of PIK3CA, TERT, GABPA and GABPB1. Knocking down GABPA markedly inhibited cell proliferation. Knocking down of GABPB1 significantly decreased the proliferation and invasion of C643 cells, with much lower expression of PIK3CA and TERT. TERT and PIK3CA co-mutations promote the proliferation and invasion of thyroid anaplastic carcinoma cells and may be caused by up-regulating the expression of GABPA and GABPB1.

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Farhat, Hafiza, Faizah Urooj, Nida Sohail, Shahid Ullah, and Muhammad Aamer. "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Fungi and GC-MS Metabolic Profiling of Cephalosporium sp., and Fusarium moniliforme." Journal of Experimental Pathology 4, no. 1 (November 21, 2023): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.4.043.

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From last few decades, microbes gained special attention residing inside plant tissues, now called endophyte. Studies proved that these microbes are able to produce biologically active metabolites and effective candidates against various pathogens. Endophytic fungi are a source of natural therapeutic products. Therefore, endophytic Fusarium species are isolated from different plants. These endophytic Fusarium species showed a potential against common laboratory bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis). Fusarium moniliforme and Cephalosporium sp., were further selected to isolate compounds by GC-MS techniques. The mycelial extract of Cephalosporium sp., and oily fraction of filtrates of F. moniliforme revealed the presence of several therapeutic compounds based on the peak areas, molecular weights, Rt (retention times) and m/z (mass fragmentations). The major bioactive metabolites identified from these fungi are Cholest-22-ene-21-ol, 3,5-dehydro-6-methoxy-pivalate, Salicylamide, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, Geranyl isovalerate, and diisooctyl ester, and reported to possess antibacterial, antioxidant, nematicidal, and antifungal potential. These results will lead to further in-depth research into the potential cause of plants endophytes interactions. The wide application of fungal origin bio products offers an effective prospect for discovering novel therapeutic agents in order to combat infectious agents as well as agricultural pests.

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Bastidas, G., D. Bastidas, and G. Bastidas-Delgado. "Current Understanding and Gaps in Knowledge of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection." Journal of Experimental Pathology 4, no. 1 (November 21, 2023): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.4.042.

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Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial infection that most frequently causes sexually transmitted infection in the world, therefore, it is considered a serious public health problem. The objective of this commentary is to describe in a condensed but sufficient manner what has been reported by researchers on the subject based on the documentary review available in digital repositories on aspects of the infection. The information obtained was grouped into 7 categories as a result of the analysis of relevant ideas. There are many aspects to be revealed in terms of pathogenesis, biology of the microbial agent, and treatment, hence the need to generate new knowledge in this regard and to carry out thematic consolidations such as the one presented here.

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Reddy, Rajesh, Shailaja Prabhala, Shrinivas B. Somalwar, and Ashok Kumar Deshpande. "Evaluation of Breast, Lymph Node, and Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology by Liquid Based Smears and Conventional Smears." Journal of Experimental Pathology 4, no. 1 (2023): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.4.044.

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Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a first-line investigation for palpable lumps and is a highly cost-effective and accurate investigative technique. It is a safe, simple, rapid, minimally invasive technique. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has been used in gynecologic-cytology for over three decades. Many laboratories have adopted LBC technique for exfoliative and FNA samples. We undertook the present study to compare the advantages and disadvantages of conventional and liquid based cytology preparations. Aim of the study: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LBC and Conventional smears in fine needle aspiration cytology samples from breast, lymph nodes, and thyroid tissue. Materials and methods: FNA material from accessible sites such as palpable breast lumps, thyroid, and lymph nodes were collected from 100 patients and was processed by two different methods, i.e., Conventional smears and by LBC. Various parameters on the slides were considered and compared for both the preparations. Out of 100 FNA samples, 51% were of Thyroid, 34% were of lymph node and 15% were of breast lumps. Observations and results: Adequate cellularity and better architecture was present in conventional smears than LBC preparations. Background material was less, and monolayers were better in the LBC preparations. Informative background material (i.e. Colloid, lymphoglandular bodies, etc) was more in cases of Conventional smears. The nuclear and cytoplasmic details were nearly equally good in both the preparations. Conclusion: Both these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Before incorporating LBC as a routine method, pathologists should familiarize themselves with all the aspects of LBC.

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Tiezerin, Carolina Schmitz, Karina Mary de Paiva, Luciele Kauna Woide, Luciana Berwanger Cigana, Marcos José Machado, and Patrícia Haas. "Retesting of Neonatal Hearing Screening Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study." Journal of Experimental Pathology 5, no. 1 (March 2024): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/pathology.5.046.

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Introduction: Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) plays an essential role in the early identification of hearing loss in neonates. Risk factors for hearing impairment may include family history, prematurity, and exposure to ototoxic substances. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) might be a significant contributing factor affecting the structures of the inner ear. Objective: To assess the auditory follow-up process of retesting for UNHS before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among neonates from an Outpatient Auditory Health Service (SASA) in the state of Santa Catarina with SUS (Unified Health System) assistance. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study analyzed data from neonates attended at a SUS Auditory Health Service (SASA) from January 2018 to December 2022. Information related to UNHS and retest outcomes was assessed. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel® and MedCalc® Statistical Software version 22.006, utilizing statistical measures and regression analyses to identify factors associated with UNHS failures and retesting. Results: A failure to retest rate of 2.6% in the right ear and 2.2% in the left ear was observed among evaluated neonates. The average age of mothers of neonates who did not pass the test was 33 years, while the overall average was 27 years. Failure to pass the retest and a longer interval between UNHS and retesting were associated with UNHS Initial Retest Default (IRD). There was an increase in dropout rates for UNHS retesting, and the time interval between UNHS and retesting was extended during the pandemic. Conclusion: Several factors, including the interval between tests, mothers' age, and medical conditions, influenced the retest outcomes. The pandemic led to a significant increase in dropout rates and extended time for retesting.

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Godinich, Brandon M., Maya Muhanna, Stephanie Stokes, Lee D. Moore, Natalia Schlabritz-Lutsevich, James E. Maher III, and Lawrence Devoe. "Phenotype-genotype discordance and disorders of sexual differentiation." Journal of Experimental and Molecular Pathology 1, no. 1 (February 22, 2025): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.46439/pathology.1.005.

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Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) and prenatal ultrasound can identify disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD), although discrepancies between genetic and phenotypic data can complicate diagnoses. This study explores phenotype-genotype discordance within the DSD context, focusing on methodological concerns and biological explanations. Advances in prenatal screening technologies, including cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing and ultrasound examinations, have improved DSD detection rates. Analysis of a case featuring a 46, XY DSD due to an NR5A1 gene mutation illustrates the importance of integrating cfDNA testing with ultrasound, which enhances detection and early management. The findings underscore the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosis and treatment planning, facilitating timely interventions that reduce psychological distress for families. The study recommends refining diagnostic algorithms that combine cfDNA testing and ultrasound to correlate genetic insights with clinical observations, thus improving patient outcomes through informed decision-making and comprehensive care strategies.

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Zhang, Yafei, Haoyun Li, Mengjun Dai, Minghui Feng, Yi Lou, Dandan Li, Ji Yang, Lingna Li, Juan Lv, and Hui Zhang. "Development of a Fast and Quantitative Method to Evaluate Oocytes in Experimental Rabbits." Journal of Experimental Pathology 6, no. 1 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.33696/pathology.6.054.

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The pathological evaluation of ovaries is a critical endpoint in reproductive toxicology assessments. Currently, there is no standardized method for the quantification of oocytes and follicles in preclinical drug safety evaluations. This study developed a simplified quantitative method based on stereological principles to efficiently assess the number of oocytes in experimental rabbits. The quantitative results obtained with this method are consistent with those from traditional counting methods. This innovative approach reduces the time of slide preparation and cell quantification, making it efficient for evaluating oocyte quality in large scale of toxicity studies.

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Herron, Joshua, Jessica L. Flesher, and David E. Fisher. "Emerging Therapies for Congenital Melanocytic Nevi." Journal of Experimental Pathology 6, no. 1 (2025): 8–13. https://doi.org/10.33696/pathology.6.055.

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Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are benign melanocytic neoplasms that vary in genetic drivers leading to the formation of pigmented lesions. Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway members through oncogenic mutations of NRAS or BRAF and more rarely by gene fusions allow expansion of nevomelanocytes to form CMN. Pre-clinical approaches to CMN therapy are expanding with the use of small-molecular inhibitors to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), RNA-based therapeutic approaches, and leveraging topical immunotherapy to regress nevi using in vitro and in vivo models and select case reports. Continued identification of CMN drivers combined with emerging therapeutic strategies will help improve CMN patient response and outcomes in the future.

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Kossovsky, Nir, and Ram Kossowsky. "Medical Devices and Biomaterials Parhology." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 4, no. 2 (April 1988): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300004128.

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AbstractThrough the postmortem examination, pathologists offer the ultimate clinico-pathologic assessment of the efficacy of medical care. Similarly, pathologists can offer a clinico-pathologic assessment of the efficacy of health care technology. Assessment by pathologists has diagnostic authority because it draws on the resources of the laboratories of surgical and necropsy pathology. In this essay we argue for enhancing the accuracy of medical device and biomaterials technology assessment by systematically collecting pathology-oriented data. We recommend the establishment of a pathology-based medical device registry to assess implantable medical device technology by accumulating reports routinely issued by pathology departments throughout the country. We further suggest the establishment of a university-based, industry-supported Medical Device and Biomaterials Pathology Institute to operate the registry, collect recovered, used health care devices, and generate definitive, pathology-based, primary data for he lth care technology assessment

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Izban, Keith F. "Pathology and Review of Pathology." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1851–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-1851b-pop.

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35

Delahunt, Brett. "Atlas of Pathology: Urological Pathology." Pathology 33, no. 3 (2001): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313020120070812.

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36

Johnson, Pam. "Radiographic Pathology; Radiographic Pathology Workbook." Radiology 204, no. 1 (July 1997): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.204.1.206.

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Salto-Tellez, Manuel, and Ian A. Cree. "Cancer taxonomy: pathology beyond pathology." European Journal of Cancer 115 (July 2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2019.03.026.

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38

Scott, William A., and Ruth Scott. "Individual Pathology And Family Pathology." Australian Journal of Psychology 39, no. 2 (August 1987): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049538708259047.

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Dubey, Dr Anil K. "Pathology of Post Meningitic Hydrocephalus." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 04, no. 11 (November 25, 2016): 14143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i11.102.

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Alifaga Muslimova, Sevda, Nushaba Fizuli Alishova, Ilhama Malik Karimova, and Raida Shamsaddin Vazirova. "PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND CERVICAL PATHOLOGY." SCIENTIFIC WORK 74, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/74/63-67.

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Papillomavirus infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. The aim of the study was to study the etiologic significance of the papillomavirus infection in the development of background diseases of the cervix and neoplasia. Under observation were 62 patients aged 18 to 55 years infected with human papillomavirus. All patients underwent complex clinical and anamnestic, laboratory and instrumental examination. Also, a review and advanced colposcopy was performed. As a result of the study, 53 (85.4%) women under observation were found to have various pathologies of the cervix. Dysplasia of mild degree (CIN 1 degree) was found in 12 (57.1%), moderate dysplasia (CIN 2 degree) - in 9 (42.9%) women. With further examination, it was found that patients along with dysplasia of varying severity had concomitant pathology of the cervix uteri. Cervical dysplasia was most often diagnosed in combination with another pathology of the cervix, which accounted for 85.7% of cases. It has been established that squamous epithelial lesion of the cervix is most often a consequence of late diagnosis and an untreated background process. At the same time, modern diagnostics requires a whole range of diagnostic measures to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of development and conduct differential diagnosis of a benign or malignant process. Key words: papillomavirus infection, cervix, colposcopy Sevda Alifaga Muslimova Nushaba Fizuli Alishova Ilhama Malik Karimova Raida Vazirova Xülasə Papillomavirus infeksiyası cinsi yolla keçən infeksiyalardan biridir. Tədqiqatın məqsədi uşaqlıq boynu və neoplaziyanın fon xəstəliklərinin inkişafında papillomavirus infeksiyasının etioloji əhəmiyyətini öyrənmək idi. İnsan papillomavirusuna yoluxmuş 18 yaşdan 55 yaşa qədər 62 xəstə müşahidə altında olub. Bütün xəstələr kompleks klinik və anamnestik, laboratoriya və instrumental müayinədən keçdilər. Həmçinin, baxış və təkmil kolposkopiya aparıldı. Araşdırma nəticəsində müşahidə altında olan 53 (85,4%) qadında uşaqlıq boynunun müxtəlif patologiyaları aşkar edilib. Yüngül dərəcəli displaziya (CIN 1 dərəcə) 12 (57,1%), orta displaziya (CIN 2 dərəcə) - 9 müayinədə müxtəlif şiddətli displaziya ilə birlikdə xəstələrdə uşaqlıq boynunun müşayiət olunan patologiyası aşkar edilmişdir. Servikal displaziya ən çox serviksin başqa patologiyası ilə birlikdə diaqnoz qoyuldu ki, bu da qadınların 85,7%-ni (42,9%) təşkil edirdi. Əlavə hallarla. Müəyyən edilmişdir ki, uşaqlıq boynunun skuamöz epiteliya zədələnməsi çox vaxt gec diaqnozun və müalicə olunmamış fon prosesinin nəticəsidir. Eyni zamanda, müasir diaqnostika inkişafın erkən mərhələlərində diaqnoz qoymaq və yaxşı və ya bədxassəli prosesin differensial diaqnostikasını aparmaq üçün bütün diaqnostik tədbirlərin həyata keçirilməsini tələb edir. Açar sözlər: papillomavirus infeksiyası, uşaqlıq boynu, kolposkopiya

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41

Chesca, Antonella, Tim Sandle, and Galiya Abdulina. "Considerations regarding liver current pathology." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 102, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021bmg2/84-88.

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This work presents reasoning about liver pathology. Liver pathology is an area of interest due to the growing number of medical cases worldwide. The factors associated with the appearance of this pathology are those that relate to individual lifestyle. Liver pathology studies are performed up to the biomolecular level, involving cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). With a normal liver, subject to aging and the aforementioned risk factors, there are changes in liver structure, which often can lead to changes arising from nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis (NASH). Under certain circumstances this degenerates into chronic hepatitis, which often goes undiagnosed and this can lead to liver cirrhosis. Due to gradual changes in the liver, medical interventions are often delayed. Importantly, structural analysis of microscopically processed liver fragments will reveal changes in all structural elements of the liver, from lipid loading in hepatic steatosis to inflammatory, necrotic, destructive, fibrotic changes in liver cirrhosis, including somewhat similar changes in types of chronic hepatitis. The presented images and the described structural changes in the liver are an important criterion for liver damage, including preclinical pathology.

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Mehdi, S. Riaz. "PRACTICAL PATHOLOGY(WITH VIVA VOCE)." Era's journal of medical research 4, no. 1 (2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2017.14.

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Rosai, Juan. "Evidence-Based Pathology and the Pathologic Evaluation of Thymomas." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/132.12.1859.a.

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Kim, Yong-Jin. "Pathology of Glomerulonephritis - Specimen Preparation and Basic Pathologic Changes -." Childhood Kidney Diseases 15, no. 1 (April 30, 2011): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3339/jkspn.2011.15.1.29.

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45

Glickman, Jonathan N. "Section II: Pathology and pathologic staging of esophageal cancer." Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 15, no. 2 (April 2003): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043067903000182.

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Glickman, Jonathan N. "Section II: Pathology and pathologic staging of esophageal cancer." Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 15, no. 2 (April 2003): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043-0679(03)70025-2.

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Oestreich, Alan E. "Knochentumoren: Klinik-Radiologie-Pathologie[Bone tumors: clinical, radiology, pathology]." Radiology 171, no. 3 (June 1989): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.171.3.774.

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Marchevsky, Alberto M., Ruta Gupta, Robert J. McKenna, Mark Wick, Cesar Moran, Maureen F. Zakowski, and Saul Suster. "Evidence-based pathology and the pathologic evaluation of thymomas." Cancer 112, no. 12 (June 15, 2008): 2780–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23492.

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49

Allen, Kenzie. "Pathology." Iowa Review 43, no. 3 (December 2013): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.7334.

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Herdion, Peter B., Richard A. Scolyer, and Alistair R. McGregor. "Pathology." Medical Journal of Australia 174, no. 1 (January 2001): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143132.x.

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