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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Phantom material"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 20 de fevereiro de 2023

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1

Yin, Jun, Manqi Li, Guangli Dai, Hongzhao Zhou, Liang Ma, and Yixiong Zheng. "3D Printed Multi-material Medical Phantoms for Needle-tissue Interaction Modelling of Heterogeneous Structures." Journal of Bionic Engineering 18, no. 2 (March 2021): 346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42235-021-0031-1.

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AbstractThe fabrication of multi-material medical phantoms with both patient-specificity and realistic mechanical properties is of great importance for the development of surgical planning and medical training. In this work, a 3D multi-material printing system for medical phantom manufacturing was developed. Rigid and elastomeric materials are firstly combined in such application for an accurate tactile feedback. The phantom is designed with multiple layers, where silicone ink, Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) were chosen as printing materials for ski

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Zou, Jing, Xiaodong Hu, Hanyu Lv, and Xiaotang Hu. "An Investigation of Calibration Phantoms for CT Scanners with Tube Voltage Modulation." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/563571.

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The effects of calibration phantoms on the correction results of the empirical artifacts correction method (ECCU) for the case of tube modulation were investigated. To improve the validity of the ECCU method, the effect of the geometry parameter of a typical single-material calibration phantom (water calibration phantom) on the ECCU algorithm was investigated. Dual-material calibration phantoms (such as water-bone calibration phantom), geometry arrangement, and the area-ratio of dual-material calibration phantoms were also studied. Preliminary results implied that, to assure the effectiveness

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Manson, Eric Naab, Abdul Nashirudeen Mumuni, Issahaku Shirazu, Francis Hasford, Stephen Inkoom, Edem Sosu, Mark Pokoo Aikins, and Gedel Ahmed Mohammed. "Development of a standard phantom for diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging quality control studies: A review." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 28, no. 4 (September 1, 2022): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2022-0020.

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Abstract Various materials and compounds have been used in the design of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) phantoms to mimic biological tissue properties, including diffusion. This review thus provides an overview of the preparations of the various DW-MRI phantoms available in relation to the limitations and strengths of materials/solutions used to fill them. The narrative review conducted from relevant databases shows that synthesizing all relevant compounds from individual liquids, gels, and solutions based on their identified strengths could contribute to the development

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Sofyan, Muhammad, Alpha Olivia Hidayati, and Anita Nur Mayani. "Pembuatan Phantom dari Gips Sebagai Pengganti Tulang Manusia dan Bahan Akrilik Sebagai Pengganti Soft Tissue." Journal of Health 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30590/vol4-no2-p107-113.

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Background: Phantom is very important in radiodiagnostic teaching method, especially in the laboratory of radiography. Exposing object in making radiograph have to consider the amount of radiation which is received by the object. In addition, phantoms price are relatively expensive. To resolve this issue, researcher made phantom using gypsum as subtitute material for bone and acrylic for soft tissue. Objective: This research is done to know how to make a genu phantom using gypsum as subtitute material for bone and acrylic for soft tissue. Methods: Research methods are images draft,

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Engers, Marius, Kent W. Stewart, Jan Liu, and Peter P. Pott. "Development of a realistic venepuncture phantom." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3104.

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AbstractVenepuncture is one of the most common invasive procedures performed worldwide, however, complications still occur. Currently, commercial single layer silicone phantoms used for venepuncture training do not accurately imitate the geometry and mechanical properties seen in the various patient groups. This paper presents the development of a realistic artificial venepuncture phantom. Three multilayered tissue phantoms are developed simulating venepuncture sites of paediatric, adult and geriatric patients. Silicone materials of different stiffnesses were selected to imitate the epidermis,

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Kariyawasam, Lakna N., Curtise K. C. Ng, Zhonghua Sun, and Catherine S. Kealley. "Use of Three-Dimensional Printing in Modelling an Anatomical Structure with a High Computed Tomography Attenuation Value: A Feasibility Study." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 2149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3664.

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Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides an opportunity to develop anthropomorphic computed tomography (CT) phantoms with anatomical and radiological features mimicking a range of patients’ conditions, thus allowing development of individualised, low dose scanning protocols. However, previous studies of 3D printing in CT phantom development could only create anatomical structures using potassium iodide with attenuation values up to 1200 HU which is insufficient to mimic the radiological features of some high attenuation structures such as cortical bone. This study aimed at invest

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Rahman, M. A., Md Tofajjol Hoseen Bhuiyan, M. M. Rahman, and M. N. Chowdhury. "Comparative Study of Absorbed Doses in Different Phantom Materials and Fabrication of a Suitable Phantom." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v5i1.444.

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In Cancer treatment (radiotherapy) centers, Phantom is important in Quality Assurance routine check and absolute dosimetry conformation. Water is IAEA standard phantom material. But it has some technical difficulty in practical uses and other solid phantoms such as Polystyrene, PMMA is very expensive and locally not available. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to find out a phantom that will be technically very sound, cost effective and locally available. This study reveals that paraffin wax, which has some approximately similar properties (i.e. chemical composition, mass density and number

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Mufida, Widya, Asih Puji Utami, and Sofie Nornalita Dewi. "PEMBUATAN PHANTOM RADIOLOGI BERBAHAN DASAR KAYU LOKAL SEBAGAI PENGGANTI TULANG MANUSIA." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 6, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v6i1.5404.

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Background: Phantom radiology is used as a medium of learning as a substitute for human bones. In its use this phantom radiology has economic value high enough to be an obstacle to the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to make a phantom with basic materials that are easily accessible and have the same density value as human bones.Methods: the method used throughout this study is through an experimental approach. The research stage involves testing the density of wood by comparing the density value of the sample used, determining the composition of the mixture between wood, contrast

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Radaideh, Khaldoon M., Laila M. Matalqah, A. A. Tajuddin, W. I. Fabian Lee, S. Bauk, and E. M. Eid Abdel Munem. "Development and evaluation of a Perspex anthropomorphic head and neck phantom for three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT)." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 12, no. 3 (April 22, 2013): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396912000453.

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AbstractPurposesTo design, construct and evaluate an anthropomorphic head and neck phantom for the dosimetric evaluation of 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) dose planning and delivery, for protocols developed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG).Materials and methodsAn anthropomorphic head and neck phantom was designed and fabricated using Perspex material with delineated planning target volumes (PTVs) and organs at risk (OARs) regions. The phantom was imaged, planned and irradiated conformally by a 3D-CRT plan. Dosimetry within the phantom was assessed using thermoluminescent dosi

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Geso, Moshi, Salem Saeed Alghamdi, Abdulrahman Tajaldeen, Rowa Aljondi, Hind Alghamdi, Ali Zailae, Essam H. Mattar, et al. "Modified Contrast-Detail Phantom for Determination of the CT Scanners Abilities for Low-Contrast Detection." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 6661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146661.

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Computerised tomography (CT) continues to be a corner stone medical and radiologic imaging modalities in radiology and radiotherapy departments. Its importance lies in its efficiency in low contrast detectability (LCD). The assessment of such capabilities requires rigorous image quality analysis using special designed phantoms with different densities as well as variation in atomic mass numbers (A) of the material. Absence of such ranges of densities and atomic mass numbers, limits the dynamic range of assessment. An example is Catphan phantom which represents only three subject contrast level

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Teixeira, Ana M., and Pedro Martins. "Mechanical characterisation of an organic phantom candidate for breast tissue." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 34, no. 8 (December 26, 2019): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328219895738.

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The aim of this study is to analyse the mechanical properties of agarose, which can be used as a mechanical phantom for breast tissues. In general, tissue mimicking materials may be used to achieve a better understanding of the structure and properties of tissues and organs; this work shares these objectives. The phantom can be used as a tissue surrogate with realistic mechanical behaviour for biomechanical applications. To validate agarose as a suitable mechanical phantom for breast tissues, indentation tests were performed in homogeneous, rectangular agarose blocks. Blocks with different aga

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Rennoll, Valerie, Ian McLane, Mounya Elhilali, and James E. West. "Optimized Acoustic Phantom Design for Characterizing Body Sound Sensors." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 9086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239086.

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Many commercial and prototype devices are available for capturing body sounds that provide important information on the health of the lungs and heart; however, a standardized method to characterize and compare these devices is not agreed upon. Acoustic phantoms are commonly used because they generate repeatable sounds that couple to devices using a material layer that mimics the characteristics of skin. While multiple acoustic phantoms have been presented in literature, it is unclear how design elements, such as the driver type and coupling layer, impact the acoustical characteristics of the p

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Hütter, Larissa, Patrick H. Geoghegan, Paul D. Docherty, Milad S. Lazarjan, Donald Clucas, and Mark Jermy. "Fabrication of a compliant phantom of the human aortic arch for use in Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimentation." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2016-0109.

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AbstractCompliant phantoms of the human aortic arch can mimic patient specific cardiovascular dysfunctions in vitro. Hence, phantoms may enable elucidation of haemodynamic disturbances caused by aortic dysfunction. This paper describes the fabrication of a thin-walled silicone phantom of the human ascending aorta and brachiocephalic artery. The model geometry was determined via a meta-analysis and modelled in SolidWorks before 3D printing. The solid model surface was smoothed and scanned with a 3D scanner. An offset outer mould was milled from Ebalta S-Model board. The final phantom indicated

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Paulsen, Samantha J., Trevor M. Mitcham, Charlene S. Pan, James Long, Bagrat Grigoryan, Daniel W. Sazer, Collin J. Harlan, et al. "Projection-based stereolithography for direct 3D printing of heterogeneous ultrasound phantoms." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): e0260737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260737.

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Modern ultrasound (US) imaging is increasing its clinical impact, particularly with the introduction of US-based quantitative imaging biomarkers. Continued development and validation of such novel imaging approaches requires imaging phantoms that recapitulate the underlying anatomy and pathology of interest. However, current US phantom designs are generally too simplistic to emulate the structure and variability of the human body. Therefore, there is a need to create a platform that is capable of generating well-characterized phantoms that can mimic the basic anatomical, functional, and mechan

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Ansar, Asnaeni, Dahlang Tahir, Bualkar Abdullah, Nurhasmi, Siti Fatimah, and Jusmawang. "Physical Characteristics of Soft Tissue Phantom from Silicone Rubber Based Vulcanization System." Materials Science Forum 966 (August 2019): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.966.194.

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Phantom from silicone rubber base material has been synthesized without glycerin and with additional glycerin of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. The type of Silicone rubber used is Room Temperature Vulcanized (RTV) 52 with a vulcanization system at room temperature. The concentration of catalyst is 5% from silicone rubber. Sample has characterized by using physical testing, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and elastic modulus measurements. Physical testing result shows that phantoms have low degradation and can be applicated in a long time. FTIR data shows a phantom structure is poly (dimethylsiloxan

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Lee, Jin-Soo, Yong-In Jo, Yeong-Rok Kang, Yong-Uk Kye, Park Il, and Dong-Yeon Lee. "Filament material evaluation for breast phantom fabrication using three-dimensional printing." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 35, no. 4 (2020): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2004372l.

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In this study, a method of directly evaluating the dose received by the highly radiation-sensitive mammary gland during mammography was investigated, and a corresponding breast phantom was produced that expresses a mammary gland, as an alternative to the existing mixed-form phantom. After designing this breast phantom by performing Monte Carlo simulations, the glandular dose was evaluated and compared with that of a mixed-form phantom. Then, dose evaluation was conducted for current commercial filament materials that could be used to fabricate the phantom by 3-D printing. The results showed th

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Tseghai, Granch Berhe, Benny Malengier, Kinde Anlay Fante, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "A Long-Lasting Textile-Based Anatomically Realistic Head Phantom for Validation of EEG Electrodes." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 4658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144658.

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During the development of new electroencephalography electrodes, it is important to surpass the validation process. However, maintaining the human mind in a constant state is impossible which in turn makes the validation process very difficult. Besides, it is also extremely difficult to identify noise and signals as the input signals are not known. For that reason, many researchers have developed head phantoms predominantly from ballistic gelatin. Gelatin-based material can be used in phantom applications, but unfortunately, this type of phantom has a short lifespan and is relatively heavyweig

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Watanabe, Yoichi, Divyajot Sandhu, Leighton Warmington, Sean Moen, and Ramachandra Tummala. "Three-dimensional assessment of the effects of high-density embolization material on the absorbed dose in the target for Gamma Knife radiosurgery of arteriovenous malformations." Journal of Neurosurgery 125, Supplement_1 (December 2016): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.7.gks161545.

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OBJECTIVEArteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an intracranial vascular disorder. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is used in conjunction with intraarterial embolization to eradicate the nidus of AVMs. Clinical results indicate that patients with prior embolization tend to gain less benefit from GKRS. The authors hypothesized that this was partly caused by dosimetric deficiency. The actual dose delivered to the target may be smaller than the intended dose because of increased photon attenuation by high-density embolic materials. The authors performed a phantom-based study to quantitatively evalua

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Passariello, Fausto. "Non-animal ultrasound phantoms for device testing and training." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Vascular Research 2, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24019/jtavr.26.

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A phantom is a physical object to simplify device testing and clinical training. An industrial device is more reliable for device testing in quality control procedures, though it is expensive. When precision requirements are not so strict as it occurs in training, people prefer to use home-made phantoms, though many of these artisanal methods use animal products. The current paper illustrates a few alternative vegetal phantoms. Agar is a widely used material in laboratory investigations and can be used to contain ultrasound targets. Another quick and effective alternative is given by tofu. Tar

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Inal, Aysun. "Dosimetric evaluation of two phases of respiratory movement using a lung equivalent material for radiotherapy treatment planning." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 19, no. 2 (July 18, 2019): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396919000505.

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AbstractBackground/aim:Radiation dosimetry requires special phantoms which are comparable with organs and tissues of a human body. The lung is one of the organs with a low density. Therefore, it is important to create and use lung equivalent phantoms in dosimetric controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of using lung equivalent phantoms for different respiratory phases during measurements with both computed tomography (CT) and linear accelerator.Materials and methods:The maximum lung inhalation phantom (LIP) and lung exhalation phantom (LEP) were created for two respi

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Boote, Evan J., James A. Zagzebski, Ernest L. Madsen, and Timothy J. Hall. "Instrument-Independent Acoustic Backscatter Coefficient Imaging." Ultrasonic Imaging 10, no. 2 (April 1988): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173468801000204.

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This paper presents an adaptation of a method for determining acoustic backscatter coefficients to produce quantitative ultrasound images. Backscattered echo signals are recorded from a region to be imaged and backscatter coefficients are determined and related to spatial position. The values of the backscatter coefficients are then translated into a gray scale image. Testing of this imaging technique has been performed using tissue-mimicking phantoms which contain sections having backscatter coefficients different from that of the surrounding material. The technique has also been tested using

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Mendes, Carlos, and Custódio Peixeiro. "Fabrication, Measurement and Time Decay of the Electromagnetic Properties of Semi-Solid Water-Based Phantoms." Sensors 19, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 4298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194298.

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This paper presents a complete and detailed description of the fabrication and measurement of the electromagnetic properties of water-based semi-solid phantoms with emphasis on the analysis of the time evolution of the complex permittivity of several samples stored in different conditions. A known recipe for a 2/3 muscle equivalent phantom is used as test material, and the several phantom sample properties are measured with an in-house developed coaxial probe technique. It is shown that the storing condition is of paramount importance to extend the lifetime of a given phantom. This behavior st

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Hariyanto, Aditya Prayugo, Kurnia Hastu Christianti, Agus Rubiyanto, Nasori Nasori, Mohammad Haekal, and Endarko Endarko. "The Effect of Pattern and Infill Percentage in 3D Printer for Phantom Radiation Applications." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 23, no. 2 (July 27, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v23i2.27256.

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3D printing technology was capable of fabricating phantoms to enhance quality assurance in radiation therapy. The ideal phantom has properties equivalent to the real tissue. However, 3D Printing has the limits to mimicking the attenuation properties of various tissues because during 3D printing there can be only one type of material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of infill percentage and infill patterns of 3D printing technology to simulate various types of tissue. This study used 25 samples measuring 5 × 5 × 1 cm3 from PETG material. The 20 samples were printed using va

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Hoy, Carlton FO, Hani E. Naguib, and Narinder Paul. "Fabrication and characterization of polymeric cellular foams for low-density computed tomography phantom applications." Journal of Cellular Plastics 55, no. 1 (October 24, 2018): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x18806833.

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Computed tomography imaging phantom devices have proven to be beneficial in improving computed tomography diagnostic techniques. Though commercial phantoms are available with tissue mimicking properties, there is a lack of low-density tissue specificity and variety. This study proposes a method for the fabrication of various low-density tissue mimicking computed tomography imaging phantoms. By illustrating the fabrication technique, material properties can be shown to be controlled and assessed against characteristic computed tomography imaging properties, most particularly, the computed tomog

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Samson, Damilola Oluwafemi, Ahmad Shukri, Nurul Ab Aziz Hashikin, Siti Hajar Zuber, Mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz, Rokiah Hashim, Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof, Nor Ain Rabaiee, and Sylvester Jande Gemanam. "Dosimetric Characterization of DSF/NaOH/IA-PAE/R. spp. Phantom Material for Radiation Therapy." Polymers 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010244.

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Background: Different compositions of DSF/NaOH/IA-PAE/R. spp. composite particleboard phantoms were constructed. Methods: Photon attenuation characteristics were ascertained using gamma rays from 137Cs and 60Co. Absorbed doses at the location of an ionization chamber and Gafchromic EBT3 radiochromic films were calculated for high-energy photons (6 and 10 MV) and electrons (6, 9, 12, and 15 MeV). Results: The calculated TPR20,10 values indicate that the percentage discrepancy for 6 and 10 MV was in the range of 0.29–0.72% and 0.26–0.65%. It was also found that the relative difference in the dma

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Shakhov, P. V., G. V. Tikhonowski, E. A. Popova-Kuznetsova, A. Yu Zakharkiv, E. V. Gromushkina, S. M. Klimentov, and A. A. Popov. "Studying IR Photohyperthermia Sensitized by Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles Using Tissue-Equivalent Phantoms." Meditsinskaya Fizika 94, no. 2 (July 12, 2022): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52775/1810-200x-2022-94-2-85-95.

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Purpose: To use tissue-equivalent phantom for studies of thermal fields in biological tissues during IR photo hyperthermia with plasmonic titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs). Material and methods: Gel phantom based on polyacrylamide (PAA) with addition of naphtol green dye and intralipid 10% was created. Optical properties (reduced scattering coefficient) of phantom ingredients were determined using added absorber technique. Thermal field distribution was studied with IR thermal imaging technique. 50 nm plasmonic TiN NPs, synthetized by laser ablation in liquids, were used as sensitizers

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Fukuchi, T., S. Takeda, M. Katsuragawa, G. Yabu, S. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, and Y. Watanabe. "Gamma-ray computed tomography system with a double-sided strip detector." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): P01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/p01030.

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Abstract We have developed a γ-ray computed tomography system using a CdTe double-sided strip detector. Owing to a 250 μm fine strip pitch and high energy resolution with photon-counting capability, the system provides highly accurate images, with which the materials and their distributions inside the target can be determined according to the photon transmittances. We evaluated the key performance of the system, conducting transmission measurements for Al, Cu, and Pb plates and also for Al, Fe, Cu, and Pb rod-phantoms, both using X-rays (∼30 keV) and γ-rays (∼80 keV) from a 133Ba source. The m

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Tins, Bernhard, and Jan Herman Kuiper. "Building an orthopaedic CT phantom for under £50." British Journal of Radiology 92, no. 1094 (February 2019): 20180279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180279.

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Objective: In procuring a CT scanner for orthopaedic imaging, the ability of the scanner to cope with metal artefacts for visualising bone and bone lesions around orthopaedic implants is an important feature. A durable and easily transportable CT phantom would help to compare this feature between CT scanners.The aims of this study were to develop a CT phantom that is easy to build, easily transportable, stable over time, cheap and challenging CT scanner performance. Methods: A CT phantom resembling a femur and tibia with a total knee replacement was constructed from spare components of a knee

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Lu, Z. F., J. A. Zagzebski, E. L. Madsen, and F. Dong. "A Method for Estimating an Overlying Layer Correction in Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging." Ultrasonic Imaging 17, no. 4 (October 1995): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173469501700402.

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A new method is tested to compensate for attenuation losses through the intervening layers in quantitative ultrasound imaging. The method subtracts the echo signal power spectrum acquired from a uniform region beneath the overlying layers from the signal power spectrum obtained from a reference phantom using the same instrumentation system settings. Changes in spectral components with frequency are then used to estimate the attenuation of the overlying layers. Several phantoms were used to test the method, among which was a phantom having three windows, one with no overlying layers and the oth

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Kraft, K. A., P. P. Fatouros, G. D. Clarke, and P. R. S. Kishore. "An MRI phantom material for quantitative relaxometry." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 5, no. 6 (December 1987): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910050606.

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Neidhardt, M., J. Ohlsen, N. Hoffmann, and A. Schlaefer. "Parameter Identification for Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography Simulation." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-1008.

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Abstract Elasticity of soft tissue is a valuable information to physicians in treatment and diagnosis of diseases. The elastic properties of tissue can be estimated with ultrasound (US) shear wave imaging (SWEI). In US-SWEI, a force push is applied inside the tissue and the resulting shear wave is detected by high-frequency imaging. The properties of the wave such as the shear wave velocity can be mapped to tissue elasticity. Commonly, wave features are extracted by tracking the peak of the shear wave, estimating the phase velocity or with machine learning methods. To tune and test these metho

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de Korte, C. L., E. I. Céspedes, A. F. W. van der Steen, B. Norder, and K. te Nijenhuis. "Elastic and Acoustic Properties of Vessel Mimicking Material for Elasticity Imaging." Ultrasonic Imaging 19, no. 2 (April 1997): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173469701900202.

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The mechanical and acoustic properties of agar-gelatin gels, used to construct vessel mimicking phantoms for ultrasonic elasticity studies, were investigated. Gels with varying compression moduli were made using a gelatin solution (8% by weight) with a variable amount of agar(1%-3% by weight). Carborundum particles were added as scattering material. The compression modulus was determined using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The dependence of the compression modulus and the acoustic parameters on the agar concentration, as well as on the age and the temperature of the samples, was investigated.

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Monzari, Shaghayegh F., Ghazale Geraily, Tahereh Hadisi nia, Soraya Salmanian, Heydar Toolee, and Mostafa Farzin. "Fabrication of anthropomorphic phantoms for use in total body irradiations studies." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 19, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396919000591.

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AbstractPurpose:The aim of this study was to produce a low-cost anatomical model of adult male including lower limbs to evaluate the three-dimensional dose distribution for dosimetry measurements, especially in total body irradiation (TBI) and total skin electron therapy (TSET).Materials and methods:Computed tomography (CT) scan images of the atomic energy organisation RANDO phantom and lower limb CT scan images of 20 healthy persons were averaged. Selections of different body tissues substitute materials and phantom validation were performed according to previous studies worked on constructio

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Fiser, Ondrej, Sebastian Ley, Marko Helbig, Jürgen Sachs, Michaela Kantova, and Jan Vrba. "Temperature dependent dielectric spectroscopy of muscle tissue phantom." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 9 (March 19, 2020): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078720000203.

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AbstractThe temperature dependence of the dielectric parameters of tissues and tissue-mimicking phantoms is very important for non-invasive temperature measurement in medical applications using microwaves. We performed measurements of this dependence in the temperature range of 25–50°C using distilled water as a reference liquid commonly used in dielectric property studies. The results were compared with the literature model in the frequency range of 150–3000 MHz. Using this method, the temperature dependence of dielectric parameters of a new muscle tissue-mimicking phantom based on agar, poly

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Dukov, Nikolay, Kristina Bliznakova, Nikiforos Okkalidis, Tsvetelina Teneva, Elitsa Encheva, and Zhivko Bliznakov. "Thermoplastic 3D printing technology using a single filament for producing realistic patient-derived breast models." Physics in Medicine & Biology 67, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 045008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac4c30.

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Abstract Objective. This work describes an approach for producing physical anthropomorphic breast phantoms from clinical patient data using three-dimensional (3D) fused-deposition modelling (FDM) printing. Approach. The source of the anthropomorphic model was a clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) patient image set, which was segmented slice by slice into adipose and glandular tissues, skin and tumour formations; thus obtaining a four component computational breast model. The segmented tissues were mapped to specific Hounsfield Units (HU) values, which were derived from clinical breast Co

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Xie, Tianci, Bo He, Qieming Shi, Jinqian Qian, Wenjing Hao, Song Li, Elfed Lewis, and Weimin Sun. "Measurement of scattered rays from different materials using an inorganic scintillator based optical fiber sensor and its application in radiotherapy." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 8, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 025004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ac48e3.

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Abstract Measurements using an Optical Fiber OFS including an inorganic scintillator placed on the surface of a phantom show that the particle energy distribution inside the phantom remains unchanged. The backscattered intensity measured using an Optical Fiber Sensor (OFS) exhibits a linear relationship with the total radiation dose delivered to the phantom, and this relationship shows that the OFS can be used for indirect dose measurement when located on the surface of the phantom i.e. that arising from the energetic backscattered electrons and photons. Such a device can therefore be used as

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Chew, Kim Mey, Rubita Sudirman, Norhudah Seman, and Ching Yee Yong. "Human Brain Phantom Modeling: Concentration and Temperature Effects on Relative Permittivity." Advanced Materials Research 646 (January 2013): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.646.191.

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This paper discusses on selecting the most appropriate material for developing human-like brain phantom. It aims to investigate the effect of concentration and temperature to relative permittivity of a sample. This phantom was developed as a human-like brain for tumour detection using microwave signal. Result shows that plant gelatine is a stable and appropriate material for building phantom than agar-agar. A few models were developed based on the proposed ratio of mixture.

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Radojcic, Đeni Smilovic, David Rajlic, Bozidar Casar, Manda Svabic Kolacio, Nevena Obajdin, Dario Faj, and Slaven Jurkovic. "Evaluation of two-dimensional dose distributions for pre-treatment patient-specific IMRT dosimetry." Radiology and Oncology 52, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raon-2018-0019.

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Abstract Background The accuracy of dose calculation is crucial for success of the radiotherapy treatment. One of the methods that represent the current standard for patient-specific dosimetry is the evaluation of dose distributions measured with an ionization chamber array inside a homogeneous phantom using gamma method. Nevertheless, this method does not replicate the realistic conditions present when a patient is undergoing therapy. Therefore, to more accurately evaluate the treatment planning system (TPS) capabilities, gamma passing rates were examined for beams of different complexity pas

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Khattak, M. A., Abdoulhdi A. Borhana, Lailatul Fitriyah A. Shafii, and Rustam Khan. "MCNPX’S Water Equivalent Thickness Simulation of Material with Different Density via Proton Beam Irradiation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23088.

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The radiological thickness of materials and beam penetration range is often referred as the water equivalent thickness (WET). In the clinical application of radiotherapy it is mandatory to obtain a WET calculation with high accuracies to ensure the beam that penetrated the human tissues is capable to deliver high dose of radiation into the deep-rooted tumors and kill the malignant cancerous cell without any major damages to the healthy tissues. Nevertheless, the present method of calculation that is available needs either intensive numerical method or approximation techniques with unknown prec

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Mami-Zadeh, H., R. Solgi, J. F. Carrier, and H. Ghadiri. "Material classification based on Dual-Energy Micro-CT images by the Gaussian mixture model." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): P02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/p02001.

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Abstract This study aimed to implement an unsupervised classification method through the Gaussian mixture model to classify different materials using the scatter diagram of the linear attenuation coefficients acquired from dual-energy micro-CT imaging. This method estimates each cluster's distribution parameters and performs classification based on the posterior probability with a pre-determined cluster number. Our studies on dual-energy images of a phantom showed that the distribution of linear attenuation coefficient of different materials on the scatter diagram has a Gaussian distribution,

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Olsen, J. B., A. Skretting, and A. Widmark. "Assessment of image quality and total performance in norwegian mammography laboratories." Acta Radiologica 39, no. 5 (September 1998): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859809172216.

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Purpose: to assess the image quality at different mammography laboratories Material and Methods: Two commercial mammographic test phantoms and one phantom based on excised mammary tissue were used in an assessment of the imaging chain and total performance at 45 Norwegian mammography laboratories. the breast-tissue phantom was used for a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. This was carried out by putting overlays with identifiable regions (some of which contained a cluster of simulated calcifications) on top of the mammary tissue, and then having a radiologist report the confide

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Abd Rahman, Nurul Huda, Yoshihide Yamada, and Muhammad Shakir Amin Nordin. "Analysis on the Effects of the Human Body on the Performance of Electro-Textile Antennas for Wearable Monitoring and Tracking Application." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2019): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101636.

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Previous works have shown that wearable antennas can operate ideally in free space; however, degradation in performance, specifically in terms of frequency shifts and efficiency was observed when an antenna structure was in close proximity to the human body. These issues have been highlighted many times yet, systematic and numerical analysis on how the dielectric characteristics may affect the technical behavior of the antenna has not been discussed in detail. In this paper, a wearable antenna, developed from a new electro-textile material has been designed, and the step-by-step manufacturing

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Muellensiefen, Mara, Bernhard Tins, Jan-Herman Kuiper, Marc-André Weber, and Holger Krakowski-Roosen. "Development of a total hip replacement phantom for the assessment of CT-image quality." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 12 (March 9, 2020): 1644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185120907981.

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Background The quality of computed tomography (CT) imaging is important when used to judge the success of joint replacement surgery. Metal artefacts are a known source of error, typically compensated by noise reduction software. Purpose To develop a transportable and stable system for the assessment of image quality of bone lesions around orthopedic implants. Material and Methods The design and manufacture of a bone-implant-phantom is described, which is based on a calf acetabulum with surrounding pelvic bone structures. Bone lesions of several sizes were created in the acetabulum before impla

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Grewal, Parvind K., Majid Shokoufi, Jeff Liu, Krishnan Kalpagam, and Kirpal S. Kohli. "Electrical characterization of bolus material as phantom for use in electrical impedance and computed tomography fusion imaging." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 5, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jeb.781.

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Abstract Phantoms are widely used in medical imaging to predict image quality prior to clinical imaging. This paper discusses the possible use of bolus material, as a conductivity phantom, for validation and interpretation of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) images. Bolus is commonly used in radiation therapy to mimic tissue. When irradiated, it has radiological characteristics similar to tissue. With increased research interest in CT/EIT fusion imaging there is a need to find a material which has both the absorption coefficient and electrical conductivity similar to biological tissues. I

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Belmont, Barry, Robert E. Dodde, and Albert J. Shih. "Impedance of tissue-mimicking phantom material under compression." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 4, no. 1 (July 28, 2019): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jeb.443.

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Abstract The bioimpedance of tissues under compression is a field in need of study. While biological tissues can become compressed in a myriad of ways, very few experiments have been conducted to describe the relationship between the passive electrical properties of a material (impedance/admittance) and its underlying mechanical properties (stress and strain) during deformation. Of the investigations that have been conducted, the exodus of fluid from samples under compression has been thought to be the cause of changes in impedance, though until now was not measured directly. Using a soft tiss

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Sato, Fuminobu, Tatsuro Maekawa, Tomoki Sakiyama, Naoki Zushi, Kikuo Shimizu, Yushi Kato, Isao Murata, Takayoshi Yamamoto, and Toshiyuki Iida. "Development of human hand phantom containing radiophotoluminescence material." Radiation Measurements 85 (February 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.12.006.

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Arenas, Maria Alejandra Ardila, Dirk Gutkelch, Olaf Kosch, Rüdiger Brühl, Frank Wiekhorst, and Norbert Löwa. "Development of Phantoms for Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Particle Imaging." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 3925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193925.

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Phantoms are crucial for the development of imaging techniques based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). They serve as test objects to simulate application scenarios but are also used for quality assurance and interlaboratory comparisons. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is excellent for specifically detecting magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) without any background signals. To obtain information about the surrounding soft tissue, MPI is often used in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For such application scenarios, this poses a challenge for phantom fabrication, as they need to accomm

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Saini, Amit, V. P. Pandey, Avtar Singh, and Pankaj Kumar. "Evaluating impact of medium variation on dose calculated through planning system in a low cost in-house phantom." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 8, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): 025022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ac53bc.

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Abstract Purpose: In radiotherapy, accuracy in dose estimation of dose calculation methods is critical. The influence of deformity on radiation dose calculations derived by planning system is evaluated in present study. The goal of study was to create a low-cost inhomogeneous phantom for measuring absorbed dose using an Ionisation chamber and Gafchromic film, which was validated using treatment planning system (TPS) dose outcome. Methods:and Materials: The central axis dose calculations were computed using Pencil Beam Convolution algorithm (PBC), Collapsed Cone Convolution (CCC) and Monte Carl

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Hunold, Alexander, Daniel Strohmeier, Patrique Fiedler, and Jens Haueisen. "Head phantoms for electroencephalography and transcranial electric stimulation: a skull material study." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 63, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2017-0069.

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Abstract Physical head phantoms allow the assessment of source reconstruction procedures in electroencephalography and electrical stimulation profiles during transcranial electric stimulation. Volume conduction in the head is strongly influenced by the skull, which represents the main conductivity barrier. Realistic modeling of its characteristics is thus important for phantom development. In the present study, we proposed plastic clay as a material for modeling the skull in phantoms. We analyzed five clay types varying in granularity and fractions of fire clay, each with firing temperatures f

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Clark, Peter J., Giuseppe Forte, Mark J. H. Simmons, and E. Hugh Stitt. "Towards 3D-Electrical Capacitance Tomography for Interface Detection." Johnson Matthey Technology Review 60, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/205651316x691537.

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The application of three-dimensional electrical capacitance tomography (3D-ECT) for the in situ monitoring of a hard boundary or interface has been investigated using imaged phantoms that simulate real-life processes. A cylinder-in-tube phantom manufactured from polyethylene (PE), a low di-electric and non-conductive material, was imaged using the linear back projection (LBP) algorithm with the larger tube immersed at varying intervals to test the ability of the technique to image interfaces axially through the sensor. The interface between PE and air is clearly imaged and correlates to the kn

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