Artigos de revistas: "Plano Trienal"

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Bastian, Eduardo F. "O PAEG e o plano trienal: uma análise comparativa de suas políticas de estabilização de curto prazo". Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 43, n.º 1 (março de 2013): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-41612013000100006.

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O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as políticas de estabilização de curto prazo propostas pelo Plano Trienal (1962) e pelo Plano de Ação Econômica do Governo (1964) através da comparação das principais medidas implementadas e dos resultados alcançados pelos dois planos. No caso, pretende-se mostrar que os planos tinham semelhanças, sendo a política salarial do PAEG o principal ponto de distinção. Nesse contexto, as grandes diferenças de desempenho foram devidas à incapacidade do Trienal - em função dos turbulentos contextos interno e externo - de equacionar os problemas do conflito distributivo e do estrangulamento externo. O PAEG, por sua vez, equacionou os dois problemas, mas resolveu o conflito distributivo através de uma solução regressiva e, no caso do estrangulamento externo, obteve uma ajuda norte-americana com a qual o Plano Trienal não pôde contar.

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Santos, Lincoln de Araújo. "A alternativa para o progresso: o nacionalismo-desenvolvimentista, seus intelectuais e o planejamento educacional nos anos 1960 no Brasil". Revista Brasileira de História da Educação 19 (18 de abril de 2019): e057. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/rbhe.v19i0.44301.

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As origens do desenvolvimentismo como projeto político e suas influências no pensamento social e educacional brasileiro aglutinaram na década de 1960 um grupo de intelectuais comprometidos com esse ideário articulados por instituições e pelo Estado. Num cenário de crise política e social, Celso Furtado, Darcy Ribeiro, Anísio Teixeira e Paulo Freire atuaram como aqueles que pensaram o Brasil com base em uma convergência de ideias que os aproximava do nacionalismo-desenvolvimentista. A análise das fontes documentais identifica nas narrativas os sinais do ideário de um projeto nacional de desenvolvimento, destacando a natureza do Plano Nacional de Educação, de 1962, e o Plano Trienal de Educação, de 1963.

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Poletto, Dorivaldo Walmor. "Intregração Latino-Americana e Educação: O plano trienal da educação para o MERCOSUL". Estudos Ibero-Americanos 21, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 1995): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-864x.1995.2.28826.

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VILLARINO, LEANDRO VIZIN. "A estrutura e o mercado: uma análise comparativa do Plano Trienal e do PAEG". Revista de Economia Política 36, n.º 2 (junho de 2016): 372–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572016v36n02a07.

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RESUMO Este artigo propõe uma análise dos textos Plano Trienal e PAEG, documentos de planeamento econômico brasileiro dos anos 1960, verificando, por um lado, os aspectos teóricos e conceituais sobre o seu diagnóstico retrospectivo, e, por outro, as condições socioeconômicas de cada projeto de texto prospectivamente como condição para a obtenção dos efeitos pretendidos. Essa análise não pretende apenas verificar a adequação de cada projeto à realidade brasileira, mas entender como os problemas internos de cada texto e suas relações podem ser elucidativos não apenas para a História das Ideias. Mas para uma ampla reflexão sobre a história social, econômica e das instituições do Brasil.

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Loureiro, Felipe Pereira. "O Plano Trienal no contexto das relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos (1962-1963)". Revista de Economia Política 33, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2013): 671–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31572013000400008.

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SANTOS, LINCOLN DE ARAÚJO. "O CAMINHO DA RAZÃO E DA ESPERANÇA: O PENSAMENTO SOCIAL DE CELSO FURTADO– DESENVOLVIMENTO, PLANEJAMENTO E EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL". Educação em Revista 18, n.º 1 (12 de junho de 2017): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2236-5192.2017.v18n1.06.p73.

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Este artigo trata do pensamento social de Celso Furtado e de suas contribuições na interpretação sobre o Brasil, sua trajetória como intelectual, idealizador e gestor da SUDENE, além de sua experiência como o primeiro ministro da República na pasta do Planejamento. Em suas reflexões, cuidou especialmente em discutir a função estratégica do fator humano, elemento que o aproximou da questão educacional e de seus problemas do país. Furtado foi responsável pela construção do Plano Trienal, no Governo Jango, conjugando no setor Educação o Plano Nacional de Educação (1962), conviveu com Darcy Ribeiro, o então Ministro da Educação e Anísio Teixeira, membro do Conselho Federal de Educação e relator do documento final do P.N.E. O ideário de Celso Furtado, mesmo com a ênfase nas análises sócio-histórico-econômicas, não deixou de pensar a Educação como uma das bases para o desenvolvimento nacional.

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Silva, Ricardo. "Planejamento econômico e crise política: do esgotamento do plano de desenvolvimento ao malogro dos programas de estabilização". Revista de Sociologia e Política, n.º 14 (junho de 2000): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-44782000000100005.

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Este artigo tem como objetivo reconstruir a trajetória dos programas de estabilização da economia elaborados no contexto da crise do início dos anos sessenta no Brasil. Na conjuntura compreendida entre o final dos anos cinqüenta e a queda do governo João Goulart (abril de 1964), ao menos três programas mais ambiciosos de estabilização monetária foram tentados pelos governos do período, todos sem êxito. Iremos nos ater nas reações políticas dos diferentes atores, naquela conjuntura crítica, em relação ao Plano de Estabilização Monetária (1958-1959) do governo Kubitschek, à Reforma Cambial (1961) do governo Quadros e, com mais detalhe, ao Plano Trienal (1963-1965) do governo Goulart. Ver-se-á que tais reações decorrem da dissolução do consenso ideológico em torno das políticas desenvolvimentistas e da negativa dos principais grupos sócio-econômicos à submissão aos "sacrifícios" impostos pelos planejadores para a consecução da estabilidade monetária.

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Gaburri, Fernando. "A PRESCRIÇÃO DA PRETENSÃO DE REPARAÇÃO POR RESPONSABILIDADE CONTRATUAL DECORRENTE DE RELAÇÃO DE CONSUMO: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE O CÓDIGO CIVIL E O CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR". Interfaces Científicas - Direito 1, n.º 3 (25 de junho de 2013): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17564/2316-381x.2013v1n3p109-119.

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O presente artigo é uma breve síntese da aula ministrada na manhã do dia 04.05.2013, na turma de pós-graduação em Direito civil e processual civil da Universidade Tiradentes (UNIT), a cujos alunos dedico essa breve reflexão. A proposta do texto é analisar a prescrição da pretensão ressarcitória decorrente de inadimplemento contratual de operadora de plano de saúde que se negou a cobrir cirurgia de implantação de stent em paciente segurado. A discussão principal gira em torno da identificação do prazo prescricional aplicável, afastando-se, desde logo aquele previsto no art. 27 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor (CDC), o qual trata de responsabilidade extracontratual. O juízo da 3ª Vara Cível de Porto Alegre e o Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul entendeu pela aplicação do prazo trienal do art. 206, § 3º do Código Civil (CC), ao passo que o Superior Tribunal de Justiça reiterou seu entendimento, no sentido de ser o prazo geral decenal do art. 205 do CC o aplicável na espécie. Outro ponto de relevo no julgado, e abordado no presente estudo, é o da aplicação, ou não, da regra de direito intertemporal do art. 2.028 do CC.

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Cordeiro, Franciele Roberta, Stefanie Griebeler Oliveira e Maria Henriqueta Luce Kruse. "Cuidados ao final da vida no domicílio: considerações sobre o Brasil e a França". Cultura de los cuidados 24, n.º 57 (3 de setembro de 2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/cuid.2020.57.12.

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Ensaio teórico, oriundo de reflexões tecidas em duas pesquisas, realizadas entre 2012 e 2017. Tem-se como objetivo discutir a inserção do domicílio como um espaço de cuidado nas políticas públicas para o final da vida, no Brasil e na França. Para tal, foi realizada leitura interessada de documentos que normatizam a organização dos serviços que atendem pessoas em cuidados paliativos, de ambos os países. Os documentos que respaldaram a análise foram: no contexto brasileiro, a Portaria n° 825, de 25 de abril de 2016, que redefine a atenção domiciliar no âmbito do sistema de saúde; e, no cenário francês, o Plano Trienal de Cuidados Paliativos (2015-2018). Para nortear as análises recorreu-se a autores vinculados à Antropologia Social e aos Estudos Culturais. Vislumbra-se que a partir dos anos 2000 o domicílio passa a ser elemento central para a efetivação das políticas públicas de saúde, especialmente aquelas que visam organizar o atendimento e o cuidado às pessoas com doenças crônicas e em cuidados paliativos. Trata-se de uma forma menos onerosa em termos econômicos para o Estado e que tende a acolher as expectativas de pacientes e familiares na busca do conforto e de formas menos dolorosas de enfrentar o final da vida.

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De Moraes Silva, Diogo. "Públicos controversos - Entrevista com Daniela Labra". Políticas Culturais em Revista 11, n.º 1 (11 de fevereiro de 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/pcr.v11i1.26333.

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Realizada entre os meses de janeiro e abril de 2018, à distância e por escrito, esta entrevista com a curadora e crítica de arte Daniela Labra procura abordar as problemáticas colocadas em cena pelas reações de ataque a eventos artísticos – e pelas controvérsias culturais e morais daí emergidas – ocorridas no segundo semestre do ano passado, em diferentes cidades brasileiras. Ao mesmo tempo, adota um ângulo de observação dos fatos propício a trazer para o primeiro plano especificidades da instância dos públicos das exposições de arte, levando em conta as camadas de mediação entre estes e as obras artísticas, em particular aquela que corresponde às proposições curatoriais. Nosso foco, aqui, são os segmentos do público que, em desacordo com agendas emancipatórias e libertárias, repudiaram determinadas mostras, obras e performances, no sentido de boicotá-las ou mesmo censurá-las, a depender do ponto de vista. Considerando que, no período dos ataques sequenciais às artes, Labra esteve responsável pela curadoria geral de Frestas – Trienal de Artes 2017, mostra em que certas obras também foram renegadas por representantes políticos e membros da sociedade civil, nos pareceu oportuno abrir uma discussão sobre como nos (re)posicionarmos enquanto agentes culturais frente a essas formas de atuação dos públicos, aproveitando o ensejo para refletir acerca de algumas de suas principais motivações e implicações. Na condição de entrevistador, opto por indagar a curadora a partir de preocupações caras à mediação cultural de viés crítico, que tem na atenção às demandas e às iniciativas (não raro disruptivas) dos públicos uma de suas vertentes de investigação e intervenção. As questões a seguir representam, portanto, provocações voltadas a reunir, analisar e tentar lidar com as indigestas manifestações daqueles que podemos designar, em alusão aos referidos fatos, como públicos controversos.

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Nogueira, Lídya Tolstenko. "The stricto sensu post-graduation courses and the production/dissemination of nursing research / A pós-graduação stricto sensu e a produção /divulgação de pesquisa em enfermagem". Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI 2, n.º 2 (16 de julho de 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/reufpi.v2i2.1154.

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A qualificação é um anseio e um imperativo para os enfermeiros no contexto da prática profissional que envolve múltiplos cenários de atuação atinentes ao processo de cuidar. Nesse sentido, o mestrado é o primeiro de muitos passos em busca da formação stricto sensu e configura-se como um desafio porquanto requer dos que o buscam, dedicação e esmero na produção de artigos científicos que possibilitam a visibilidade do conhecimento produzido e a socialização junto à comunidade acadêmica. O Mestrado em Enfermagem da UFPI vem desde 2007 se consolidando na formação de enfermeiros capazes de intervir com competência teórica, política e técnica, no campo da docência e da produção e difusão de conhecimento nas áreas de ensino, extensão, assistência e administração de serviços de Enfermagem. O alcance deste objetivo se expressa, no plano individual, por conquistas dos novos mestres como o ingresso na carreira docente de universidades públicas mediante aprovação em concursos, o ingresso na docência em instituições privadas, a ocupação de postos de destaque na administração pública de saúde, e o acesso ao doutorado. A contribuição dos novos mestres para a Enfermagem do Piauí têm sido notável, pois como os objetos das pesquisas focalizam as situações de saúde/educação que afligem a população local, os resultados das dissertações vêm permitindo o avanço do conhecimento mediante a reflexão de profissionais e gestores sobre a realidade investigada e, a análise da viabilidade de novas propostas de abordagem para antigos problemas. Trata-se de um movimento em mão dupla de direção que fortalece novas formas de cuidar e gerenciar em saúde e em enfermagem. Outro resultado evidente é o crescimento da produção científica dos mestrandos e mestres, em parceria com os professores orientadores e bacharelandos de Enfermagem. Destacam-se os trabalhos apresentados em eventos científicos da área da Enfermagem, no Piauí, na região Nordeste, no Brasil, e em eventos internacionais. Progressivamente cresceu a produção de artigos em revistas de impacto e atualmente a totalidade de docentes têm artigos publicados em periódicos Qualis A, compatível com a possibilidade de o Programa de Mestrado da UFPI evoluir o seu conceito na avaliação trienal da CAPES e rumar para o Doutorado. Pode-se afirmar sem dúvidas, que o Mestrado representa um divisor de águas entre a enfermagem piauiense antes pouco habituada a produzir manuscritos sobre o seu cotidiano, suas intervenções e avanços obtidos e, a enfermagem de agora que difunde os resultados dos seus estudos, dá a conhecer a sua produção intelectual para o Brasil e para o mundo.

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Mosaddik, Ashik, e Peter G. Waterman. "A Sesquiterpene, Clerodane Diterpenes and a Furanone from the Roots of Casearia Multinervosa (Flacourtiaceae/Salicaceae)". Natural Product Communications 1, n.º 8 (agosto de 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100801.

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The roots of Casearia multinervosa (Flacourtiaceae/Salicaceae) have yielded the new compounds 10ε-acetoxyhumula-3,7-diene (1), (rel)-(2S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10S)-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-clero-3,13(16),14-trien-4,5-dial (2), (rel)-(2R,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R)-6-methoxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-clero-3,13(16),14-trien-4,5-dial (3), (rel) (2S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10S, 18R,19S)-18-acetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-19-methoxyclero-3,13(16),14-triene (4), and 3ε-(hexadec-11-enyl)-4ε-hydroxy-5-methylene-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-one (5).

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Tani, Kazuki, Takashi Kamada, Chin-Soon Phan e Charles S. Vairappan. "A New Bioactive Cembranolide Sarcophytonolide V from Bornean Soft Coral Genus Sarcophyton". Natural Product Communications 14, n.º 8 (agosto de 2019): 1934578X1986837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19868375.

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A new cembranolide diterpene, sarcophytonolide V (1), along with 6 known compounds, isosarcophytonolide D (2), (4 Z,8 S*,9 R*,12 E,14 E)-9-hydroxy-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-8,12-dimethyl-oxabicyclo[9.3.2]-hexadeca-4,12,14-trien-18-one (3), (7 E,11 E)-3,4-epoxy-7,11,15-cembratriene (4), (1 S*,3 S*,4 S*,7 E,11 E)-3,4-epoxy-13-oxo-7,11,15-cembratriene (5), (-)-eunicenone (6), and 2-[( E, E, E)-7′,8′-epoxy-4′,8′,12′-trimethylcyclotetradeca-1′,3′,11′-trienyl]propan-2-ol (7) were isolated from the Bornean soft coral Sarcophyton sp. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS). These compounds were evaluated for their biological activity against marine pathogenic fungi.

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Masi, Marco, Emanuela Roscetto, Alessio Cimmino, Maria Rosaria Catania, Giuseppe Surico e Antonio Evidente. "Farnesane-Type Sesquiterpenoids with Antibiotic Activity from Chiliadenus lopadusanus". Antibiotics 10, n.º 2 (2 de fevereiro de 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020148.

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Chiliadenus lopadusanus Brullo is an Asteraceae plant species endemic to Lampedusa island, the largest island of the Pelage archipelago, Italy. The organic extract of its whole aerial parts, showing antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, wasfractionated employing bioguided purification procedures affording three main farnesane-type sesquiterpenoids. They were identified by spectroscopic methods (NMR and ESIMS data) as the (E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,6,10-triene-3,9-diol, (E)-10-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,11- trien-4-one and (E)-10-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyl-dodeca-6,11-dien-4-one, commonly named 9-hydroxynerolidol, 9-oxonerolidol, and chiliadenol B, respectively. These three sesquiterpenes, isolated for the first time from C. lopadusanus, were tested on methicillin-resistant S. aureus and A. baumannii showing antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. This plant could be used as a source to isolate secondary metabolites as potential new antibiotics.

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Kuanhut, Wichuta, Thammarat Aree, Surachai Pornpakakul e Pattara Sawasdee. "Novel Cucurbitane Triterpenoids and Anti-cholinesterase Activities of Constituents from Momordica charantia L". Natural Product Communications 9, n.º 6 (junho de 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900609.

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The C-19 epimers of 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23( E),25(26)-triene-3β,19-diol (1) and 5β,19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,19-diol (2) along with (19 R, 23 E)-5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3β-ol (3), (23 E)-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol (4), ligballinol (5), charantin (6) and momordicoside K (7) were isolated from the green fruits of Momordica charantia. The ( S)-epimers of 1 and 2 are the first reports in nature. The acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated, and 5 showed the highest activity of these compounds against butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 32.20 μM) with a reversible and non-competitive inhibition mode.

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Musa, Weny, Hersanti Hersanti, Achmad Zainuddin e Roekmi-ati Tjokronegoro. "THE PORIFERASTA COMPOUND-5,22E,25-TRIEN-3-Oβ FROM Clerodendrum paniculatum LEAF AS INDUCER AGENT OF SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE ON RED CHILLI PLANT Capsicum annuum L FROM CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 9, n.º 3 (24 de junho de 2010): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21521.

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The poriferasta-5.22E.25-trien-3β-ol compound of leaves of this plant Clerodendrum paniculatum has activity as an inducer agent of plant systemic resistance of red plant toward Cucumber Mosaic Viruses (CMV), the inhibition activity compound shows 82% inhibition activity at 300 ppm. The structure of these compound were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data including UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and 2D-NMR Keywords: Poriferasta-5.22E.25-trien-3β-ol, Clerodendrum paniculatum, induction of systemic resistance, CMV

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Paulo, Edison Martins, e Enes Furlani Jr. "Yield performance and leaf nutrient levels of coffee cultivars under different plant densities". Scientia Agricola 67, n.º 6 (dezembro de 2010): 720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162010000600015.

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Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) plantations using adapted cultivars to regional environmental conditions with optimal plant population density and adequate nutrition are expected to show high yield responses. The triennial production and leaf macronutrient concentrations of four coffee cultivars were studied under different plant population densities. Catuaí Amarelo (IAC 47), Obatã (IAC 1669-20), Acaiá (IAC 474-19) and Icatu Amarelo (IAC 2944) were planted in densities of 2,500; 5,000; 7,519; and 10,000 plants ha-1 with one plant per hole and two plants per hole in the 2,500 plant ha-1. Plants were homogeneously fertilized without liming. As the population density increased the triennial coffee productivity increased, the yield per plant decreased, and leaf concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) increased. Coffee plants under dense systems presented equal or higher leaf macronutrient concentrations compared to the plants under conventional population. Taller cultivars presented the highest nutrient concentration values, and Obatã, a dwarf cultivar, the lowest values. Higher coffee yields and lower leaf P, Ca and S concentrations were observed in plots with one plant compared to the plots with two plants. In general, the coffee cultivars had leaf N and S concentrations above the reference limits reported in the literature, but leaf concentrations of other macronutrients were within adequate ranges.

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Brigham, Frederick J., Christopher M. Claude e John William McKenna. "Triennial Evaluations: Divorcing the Means from the Ends". Education Sciences 11, n.º 7 (23 de junho de 2021): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070314.

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Confusion among stakeholders regarding some aspects of the special education process—chiefly the triennial reevaluation—leads to misapplication of rules across districts and states based on interpretations of informal lore-based reasoning. Local education agencies (LEA) can determine that no additional data are needed and advise parents to forego the evaluation. Too, often, families who fear losing special education services for their child will acquiesce and decline the evaluation. Although this may be appropriate for some students, for others it can be a highly questionable and counterproductive decision. We illustrated the ways that avoiding triennial evaluations could hamper the ability of the LEA to adequately foster the student’s independence, monitor the student’s disability condition, and set and reach the student’s Individual Education Plans (IEP) goals. We argued that the major issue in decisions regarding triennial evaluations is centered on determining if a student is still eligible for special education services. This places too much attention on test-based eligibility and too little on educational needs, transition needs, and the instructional program. Triennial reevaluations should pivot from an “eligibility” focus to a “needs” focus, allowing schools and parents to gain a fresh understanding of the individual receiving the services. Failure to do so raises questions about the fidelity of assessment within the structure of special education service provision. Finally, we suggested that the motives underlying the practices for triennial evaluations illustrated here call the pragmatic acceptability of “full inclusion” into question.

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Infante Grandón, Gonzalo Nicolás, Marcelo Carrasco Henríquez,, Andy Torres Hidalgo, Carolina Alejandra Ramírez Campos, Ingrid Katherine Magna Young, Rebeca Correa Del Rio, Omar Andrés Orellana Reyes e Hugo Aravena Gaete. "Social praxis in health: Development of technical and community triannual plan for health promotion". Medwave 16, Suppl6 (30 de novembro de 2016): 6702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2016.6702.

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Zhang, Tiejun, Junmei Kang, Zhongxiang Zhao, Wenshan Guo e Qingchuan Yang. "Frequency, depth and rate of phosphorus fertilizer application effects on alfalfa seed yields". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, n.º 7 (setembro de 2014): 1149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-025.

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Zhang, T., Kang, J., Zhao, Z., Guo, W. and Yang, Q. 2014. Frequency, depth and rate of phosphorus fertilizer application effects on alfalfa seed yields. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1149–1156. Efficient phosphorus (P) management is important for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed production and is necessary in order to alleviate the negative environmental effects of excess P application. The study was conducted on both very low-P and optimum-P soils to evaluate the effects of two frequencies (annual and triennial applications), two depths (7–8 and 15–16 cm), and three rates (15, 30, and 45 kg P ha−1) of P fertilization on seed yield, total P uptake (TPU), P-use efficiency of applied P (PUE), and recovery of P fertilizer (PR). There was a zero-P control. Under the model of annual application, the highest seed yields were obtained with the rates of 30 or 45 kg P ha−1. Under the model of triennial application, however, the seed yield decreased linearly with increasing rates in the first year. Averaged across frequency and depth, PUE and PR decreased linearly but TPU increased linearly with increasing P application rate. Triennial application of 45 kg of P led to higher mean seed yield than annual application of 15 kg of P, and its PUE and PR values were higher than triennial application of 90 and 135 kg of P. However, on low-P or optimum-P soil, annual application of 30 or 45 kg of P resulted in the highest mean seed yields compared with low PUE and PR. Thus, triennial application of a low P rate leads to a high alfalfa seed yield and has potential economic and environmental benefits.

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Kossowska, Maria, e Katarzyna Szczepańska. "New records of lichenicolous fungi from SW Poland". Polish Botanical Journal 58, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2013): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2013-0047.

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Abstract New localities of nine lichenicolous fungi from southwestern Poland are presented, of which Zwackhiomyces martinatianus (Arnold) Triebel & Grube is reported as new for Poland and Chaenothecopsis viridireagens (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt and Illosporium carneum Fr. as new for the Polish Sudetes. The first modern record of Karschia talcophila in Poland is given.

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Meissen, Justin C., Susan M. Galatowitsch e Meredith W. Cornett. "Assessing long-term risks of prairie seed harvest: what is the role of life-history?" Botany 95, n.º 11 (novembro de 2017): 1081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2017-0069.

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To meet the demand for more and larger tallgrass prairie restorations, seed is frequently collected en-masse from remnant native plant populations. Overharvesting of seed may lead to population extinctions, but these risks are not well studied. Species’ reproductive strategies may provide a basis for risk assessment. We assessed extinction risks associated with seed harvest for grassland plant species with different reproductive strategies (clonal vs. non-clonal). Using stage-based matrix models, we projected the extinction risk for two clonal and four non-clonal prairie species subjected to five harvest scenarios: (i) no harvest, (ii and iii) annual harvest at low/high intensity (50% and 75% seeds removed), and (iv and v) triennial harvest at low/high intensity. We compared the magnitude of growth or decline (λ) and mean extinction risk among populations during a 25-year modeling period. Non-clonal species were robust to triennial and low-intensity harvest, but susceptible to decreases in population growth (λ) up to 0.5 and elevated extinction risks up to 95% with high intensity annual harvest. Clonal species were unaffected by seed harvest, owing to a compensatory effect of vegetative propagation on growth rates. To maintain populations of non-clonal species in remnant grasslands, high intensity annual harvest should be avoided.

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Herberhold, Max, Jinnan Liu e Wolfgang Milius. "Molecular Structure and Reactivity of Tri(1-cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienyl)amine, N(C7H7)3". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2004): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-0104.

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Abstract Compared with the tertiary phosphane P(C7H7)3 (1), the amine N(C7H7)3 (2) possesses the structure of a flattened trigonal pyramid with a sum of CNC angles of 350.0° (cf. 300.2° (av.) in 1). The heteroatom (with the lone pair) is situated 27.0 pm above the C3 basal plane in 2, but 86.4 pm in 1. The amines N(C7H7)3 (2), NH(C7H7)2 (2a) and N(Ph)(C7H7)2 (2b) react with tropylium tetrafluoroborate, [C7H7]BF4, to give N-tropylidene-(1-cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienyl)-immonium tetrafluoroborates, [(C7H6)N(R)(C7H7)]BF4 3 (R = H, from 2 and 2a), 4 (R = Ph, from 2b), which have been characterized by their IR and NMR (1H, 13C) spectra.

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24

Hanuš, Lumír O., Arieh Moussaieff, Tomáš Řezanka, Saleh Abu-Lafi e Valery M. Dembitsky. "Phytochemical Analysis and Comparison for Differentiation of Boswellia Carterii and B. Serrata". Natural Product Communications 2, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200206.

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Frankincense (Boswellia carterii) and olibanum (B. serrata) were chemically analyzed to determine compounds that would enable the differentiation of the two products. Typical compounds for both species were identified. Three new compounds, 24-noroleana-3,9(11),12-triene, 24-norursa-3,9(11),12-triene, and 24-norursa-3,12-diene-11-one, were identified in olibanum; these may be either naturally occuring or pyrolytic products.

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Engelberth, J. "Differential signalling and plant-volatile biosynthesis". Biochemical Society Transactions 28, n.º 6 (1 de dezembro de 2000): 871–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280871.

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At least two different signalling pathways have been identified that result in clearly distinguishable volatile profiles in response to pathogens and herbivores in the lima bean Phaseolus lunatus. Alamethicin, a voltage-gated ion-channel-forming peptide from Trichoderma viride is a potent inducer of volatile biosynthesis in the lima bean. Unlike elicitation with cellulysin or herbivore damage, which act through the jasmonic acid pathway and result in a complex pattern of volatile compounds, the emitted blend comprises only the two homoterpens, 4,11-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene and 4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11- tetraene, and methyl salicylate. Both pathways, represented by jasmonic acid and alamethicin, depend on lipid-derived signalling compounds, set off by the activation of a phospholipase A and further processing by lipoxygenase activity. The alamethicin-induced signal-transduction pathway interferes with the octadecanoid cascade, probably due to increased salicylic acid levels, resulting in an inhibition of the typical jasmonic acid-induced volatile profile.

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Iritani, W. M. "The second triennial conference of the Asian Potato Association". American Potato Journal 65, n.º 9 (setembro de 1988): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02908330.

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Ngamga, Dieudonne, Josephine Bipa, Pearl Lebatha, Christabel Hiza, Joan Mutanyatta, Merha-Tibeb Bezabih, Pierre Tane e Berhanu M. Abegaz. "Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Homoisoflavonoids from Drimiopsis barteri Bak and D. burkei Bak". Natural Product Communications 3, n.º 5 (maio de 2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300518.

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The powdered bulbs and leaves of Drimiopsis barteri yielded two novel isoquinoline alkaloids: 5-hydroxy-7,2′,3′,4′-tetramethoxy{2H-1-}benzopyran [4,3-c]isoquinoline and 6-hydroxy-7,2′,3′,4′-tetramethoxy{2H-1-}benzopyran [4,3-c]isoquinoline, three new scillascillins: 5,7-dihydroxy-2′,3′,4′-trimethoxyspiro-{2H-1-benzopyran-7′-bicyclo [4.2.0]octa[1,3,5]-triene}-4-one, 5-hydroxy-7,2′,3′,4′-tetramethoxyspiro{2H-1-benzopyran-7′-bicyclo [4.2.0]octa[1,3,5]-triene}-4-one and 5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-7,3′-dimethoxyspiro{2H-1-benzopyran-7′-bicyclo [4.2.0]octa[1,3,5]-triene}-4-one, and a tetrahydroxyhomo-isoflavanone: 5,6,7-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chroman-4-one. The bulbs of Drimiopsis burkei gave three new metabolites: the first scillascillin, mentioned above, and two xanthones: 1,6-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-8-methylxanthone and 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3,6-trimethoxy-8-methylxanthone. Seventeen known compounds were isolated from both plants. Structures were elucidated based on detailed 1-, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic and MS analyses.

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R., Soorya, Dhamodaran P., Rajesh Kumar R. e Duraisamy B. "IN SILICO STUDIES OF THE SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SOLANUM TORVUM SW. FOR THEIR ANTIASTHMATIC ACTIVITY". International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, n.º 4 (14 de julho de 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i4.20759.

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Objective: Solanum torvum Sw., Family: Solanaceae, commonly known as Turkey Berry is used by the traditional tribes for the treatment of cold, cough, tuberculosis, hepatotoxicity, cancer, etc. The action of the plant towards the treatment of these diseases has been proven except for asthma. The present study is to prove the antiasthmatic activity of methanolic extract and the secondary metabolites of Solanum torvum Sw using in silico docking studies in compare to reference standard Dexamethasone, a synthetic cortisone derivative.Methods: The GC-MS analysis of the dried methanolic extract of the dried fruits of Solanum torvum Sw. and the total saponin fraction has been carried out to know the important moieties that are responsible for the antiasthmatic activity.Results: The results from the docking studies showed that the compounds Cholesta-5,7,9-(11)-trien-3-ol,4,4-dimethyl, (3á); Lanosta-7,9-(11),20-triene-3α, 18-diol, diacetate and Cholestan-26-oic acid,3,7,12,24-tetrakis (acetyloxy), methyl ester, (3à,5á,7à,12à) were found to have significant scores of-6.8,-6.9 and-6.9 respectively towards Glucocorticoid receptor protein (Gr), (PDB id: 4UDC) which is very similar to the affinity of the standard (-7.1). These compounds passed the drug-likeness test. A modification in the structure can be brought, which makes the compounds more potent. The compounds 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester; Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), methyl ester; Oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one, (8Z) have passed the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) filter of the drug-likeness test.Conclusion: The antiasthmatic activity of the drug may be due to the similarity with the structure of Dexamethasone. Further research can be carried out in order to improve the clinical significance of these extracts and its metabolites.

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Haba, Hamada, Laurence Marcourt, Mohammed Benkhaled e Christophe Long. "Minor Ent-abietane Diterpenoids from Euphorbia guyoniana". Natural Product Communications 8, n.º 11 (novembro de 2013): 1934578X1300801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300801105.

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Three new abietane-type diterpenoids: ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-16-ol (1), ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-11,16-diol (2) and 11,12-dihydroxy-7-oxo- ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-16-oic acid methyl ester (3), in addition to three known triterpenoids: euphol (4), 24,25-epoxycycloartanol (5) and β-sitosterol O-β-D-glucoside (6) were isolated from the chloroform extract of the roots of Euphorbia guyoniana. Structures of the isolated compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D homo and heteronuclear NMR experiments and ESIMS, and comparison with literature data.

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Yen, Pham Hai, Duong Thi Dung, Nguyen Xuan Nhiem, Hoang Le Tuan Anh, Dan Thi Thuy Hang, Duong Thi Hai Yen, Nguyen Thi Cuc, Ninh Khac Ban, Chau Van Minh e Phan Van Kiem. "Cucurbitane-type Triterpene Glycosides from the Fruits of Momordica charantia". Natural Product Communications 9, n.º 3 (março de 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900327.

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Four new cucurbitane- type triterpene glycosides, charantosides D-G (1–4) were isolated from a methanol extract of Momordica charantia fruits. The structures of these compounds were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be (19 R)-5 β,19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 β,19-diol 3- O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (19 R)-5 β,19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 β,19-diol 3- O-β-D-allopyranoside, 7 β-methoxycucurbita-5,23 E,25-triene-3 β-ol 3- O-β-D-allopyranoside, and 3 β,7 β-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23 E,25-triene-19-al 3- O-β-D-allopyranoside.

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Sulaiman, Syazreen N., Maywan Hariono, Haslinda Mohd Salleh, Soon-Lim Chong, Liew Sook Yee, Azeana Zahari, Habibah A. Wahab, Severine Derbré e Khalijah Awang. "Chemical Constituents From Endiandra kingiana (Lauraceae) as Potential Inhibitors for Dengue Type 2 NS2B/NS3 Serine Protease and its Molecular Docking". Natural Product Communications 14, n.º 9 (setembro de 2019): 1934578X1986101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19861014.

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A phytochemical study on the bark of Endiandra kingiana Gamble (Lauraceae) led to the isolation of a new benzofuranone, 4-hydroxy-6-(9,13,17-trimethyldodeca-8,12,16-trienyl)-2(3 H)-benzofuranone (1), together with 6 known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray Ionisation mass spectrometry techniques. Compounds 1-3 showed moderate inhibition against dengue virus type 2 NS2B/NS3 protease with percentage inhibitions of 61.23 ± 6.96, 69.92 ± 3.34, and 62.02 ± 6.19, respectively. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding mode of all protease inhibitor models and the results revealed that most of the essential amino acid residues such as Asp129, Ser135, Tyr161, Asn152, and His51 significantly interact with the ligands.

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Bisio, Angela, Daniele Fraternale, Gianluca Damonte, Enrico Millo, Anna Paola Lanteri, Eleonora Russo, Giovanni Romussi, Brunella Parodi, Donata Ricci e Nunziatina De Tommasi. "Phytotoxic Activity of Salvia x jamensis". Natural Product Communications 4, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2009): 1934578X0900401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900401202.

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A study has been carried out on the surface exudate of Salvia x jamensis, which showed a significant phytotoxic activity against Papaver rhoeas L. and Avena sativa L.. Bioguided separation of the exudate yielded active fractions from which 3β-hydroxy-isopimaric acid (1), hautriwaic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), 7,8β-dihydrosalviacoccin (4), isopimaric acid (5), 14α-hydroxy-isopimaric acid (7), 15,16-epoxy-7α,10β-dihydroxy-clerod-3,13(16),14-trien-17,12;18,19-diolide (8), cirsiliol (5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone, 9) and two new neoclerodane diterpenes (6 and 10) were isolated. The structures of 6 and 10 were identified as 15,16-epoxy-10β-hydroxy-clerod-3,13(16),14-trien-17,12;18,19-diolide and 15,16-epoxy-7α,10-dihydroxy-clerod-2,13(16),14-trien-17,12;18,19-diolide respectively on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. All compounds, but 7, 8 and 10, were active in inhibiting the germination of the tested species.

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Veryser, Lieselotte, Evelien Wynendaele, Lien Taevernier, Frederick Verbeke, Tanmayee Joshib, Pratima Tatke e Bart De Spiegeleer. "N-alkylamides: from plant to brain". Functional Foods in Health and Disease 4, n.º 6 (25 de julho de 2014): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v4i6.6.

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Background: Plant N-alkylamides (NAAs) are bio-active compounds with a broad functional spectrum. In order to reach their pharmacodynamic targets, they have to overcome several barriers of the body in the absorption phase. The permeability kinetics of spilanthol (a diene NAA) and pellitorine (a triene NAA) across these barriers (i.e. skin, oral/gut mucosa, blood-brain barrier) were investigated.Methods: The skin and oral mucosa permeability were investigated using human skin and pig mucosa in an ex vivo in vitro Franz diffusion cell set-up. The gut absorption characteristics were examined using the in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer test system. The initial blood-brain barrier transport kinetics were investigated in an in vivo mice model using multiple time regression and efflux experiments. Quantification of both NAAs was conducted using HPLC-UV and bio-analytical UPLC-MS methods.Results: We demonstrated that spilanthol and pellitorine are able to penetrate the skin after topical administration. It is likely that spilanthol and pellitorine can pass the endothelial gut as they easily pass the Caco-2 cells in the monolayer model. It has been shown that spilanthol also crosses the oral mucosa as well as the blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that NAAs pass various physiological barriers i.e. the skin, oral and gut mucosa, and after having reached the systemic circulation, also the blood-brain barrier. As such, NAAs are cosmenutriceuticals which can be active in the brain.Key words: Plant N-alkylamides, pharmacokinetics, mucosa/skin, blood-brain barrier (BBB), cosmenutriceuticals

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Dessaint, F., R. Chadoeuf e G. Barralis. "Influence à long terme du travail du sol sur la densité des levées d'adventices en situation de non désherbage". Canadian Journal of Botany 71, n.º 7 (1 de julho de 1993): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-103.

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The sprouting of weeds was followed over a 9-year period (1977 – 1978 to 1985 – 1986) in a triennial rotation alternating between two spring cultures (barley–pea) and one winter culture (wheat) grown on two agricultural plots. The plots, one superficially worked while the other tilled, did not undergo any weeding treatment. A simultaneous increase in sprouting was observed in both plots at the beginning of the second rotation. However, this increase was greater on the superficially worked plot. The modifications within the adventitious community are qualitative in the first rotation, but become essentially quantitative at the beginning of the second rotation. Some species increase in density (Alopecurus myosuroides, Avena fatua, Galium aparine, Fallopia convolvulus, Sinapis arvensis, Thlaspi arvense) while others decrease (Amaranthus retroflexus, Kickxia spuria, Stellaria media). Key words: community, long term evolution, factorial analysis of correspondences, weeds. [Journal translation]

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Biva, Israt J., Chi P. Ndi, Susan J. Semple e Hans J. Griesser. "Antibacterial Performance of Terpenoids from the Australian Plant Eremophila lucida". Antibiotics 8, n.º 2 (17 de maio de 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8020063.

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Plants in the Australian genus Eremophila (Scrophulariaceae) have attracted considerable recent attention for their antimicrobial compounds, which possess a wide range of chemical structures. As they are typically associated with the oily-waxy resin layer covering leaves and green branchlets, and Eremophila lucida is prominent among the species containing a pronounced sticky resin layer, this species was considered of interest for assessing its antibacterial constituents. The n-hexane fraction of the crude acetone extract of the leaves exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Isolation led to the known compounds cembratriene, (3Z, 7E, 11Z)-15-hydroxycembra-3,7,11-trien-19-oic acid (1), the sesquiterpenoid, farnesal (2) and the viscidane diterpenoid, 5α-hydroxyviscida-3,14-dien-20-oic acid (3). The purified compounds were tested for antibacterial activity with 2 and 3 showing moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

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Lépiz-Ildefonso, Rogelio, José de J. López-Alcocer, Carlos González-Rivas e Eduardo Rodríguez-Guzmán. "CUARENTEÑO, NUEVA VARIEDAD DE FRIJOL DE TIPO CACAHUATE PARA EL ESTADO DE JALISCO, MÉXICO". Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 39, n.º 4 (17 de dezembro de 2016): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2016.4.415-416.

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El estado de Jalisco, México, en el trienio 2012-2014 tuvo una población promedio de 7.6 millones de personas (INEGI, 2015) y un consumo promedio anual de frijol común (Phaselus vulgaris L.) estimado en 76,773 t. En el mismo periodo sólo se produjeron en la entidad 15,576 t anuales de esta leguminosa (SIAP, 2016), por lo que fue necesario importar 61,197 t (80 %) de los estados de Sinaloa, Zacatecas y Durango para cubrir las necesidades de la población jalisciense.

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Roux, Claude, Olivier Bricaud, Didier Le Coeur e Dagmar Triebel. "Le Stigmidium lecidellae sp.nov. et remarques sur le genre Stigmidium (champignons lichénicoles non lichénisés, Ascomycètes)". Canadian Journal of Botany 73, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1995): 662–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-070.

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Stigmidium lecidellae Triebel, Roux et Le Coeur sp.nov., a mild pathogenic lichenicolous fungus growing on the apothecia of Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy is described in detail and compared with other species of Stigmidium that grow on the apothecia of the host. The staining of parts of cell walls with cresyl blue is constant at species level and, therefore, is taxonomically relevant in the genus Stigmidium. The dye also allows to distinguish some ultrastructural details of the vegetative hyphal cells, asci, and ascospores. Among the fungi species growing on the apothecia of lichens, three groups are distinguished on the basis of their hamathecial structure, one of which should be excluded from the genus Stigmidium and included in the genus Sphaerellothecium. A key to the determination of the species is presented. Key words: lichenicolous fungi, Stigmidium, Sphaerellothecium, taxonomy, taxonomic key, cell wall, staining reactions, hamathecium.

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Prashith Kekuda, T. R., e S. J. Sudharshan. "Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Lamiaceae): A comprehensive review". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, n.º 5-s (15 de outubro de 2018): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1930.

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Clerodendrum L. is an important genus in the family Lamiaceae in terms of its medicinal values and pharmacological properties. The genus comprises of more than 500 species distributed worldwide. In this review, we present an updated information on ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Lamiaceae). The plant is one the most spectacular Clerodendrum species and is grown commonly for ornamental purpose. The plant is reported to have ethnomedicinal importance as the plant is used as remedy for ailments and disorders such as wounds, typhoid, snakebite, jaundice, giddiness, malaria, anemia and hemorrhoids. Various phytochemicals such as rutin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, lupeol, oleanolic aldehyde acetate, stigmasta-4,25-dien-3-one, and (3β)-stigmasta-4,22,25-trien-3-ol have been identified in C. paniculatum. The plant is shown to exhibit biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, insecticidal and anti-ageing activity. Keywords: Clerodendrum paniculatum L., Ethnobotanical, Traditional, Phytochemicals, Biological activities

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Zilles, Urbano. "EDITORIAL". Veritas (Porto Alegre) 42, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 1997): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.1997.1.35641.

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A universidade medieval não nasceu como um conjunto de faculdades, nem de prédios, mas sim, como uma comunidade de pessoas, ou seja, como universitas magistromm et scholarium. Assim sendo, uma comunidade universitária não deve ter somente co-responsabilidades estabelecidas na execução de metas comuns, mas deve em seu planejamento contemplar espaços para a criatividade e a produção individual e das equipes, destacando-se, antes de tudo, o compromisso com a competência, fator de incremento constante de sua natureza dinâmica. Por esses motivos, fixar uma política de prioridades é uma necessidade imperativa dos dias atuais. Com uma política de prioridades evitar-se-á que uma demasiada centralização na elaboração e administração acadêmica venha a sufocar ou reprimir muitas potencialidades intrínsecas ao meio universitário. Sem sombra de dúvidas essas potencialidades poderão desenvolver-se melhor se, p. ex., cada unidade acadêmica elabora seu planejamento trienal, o qual deverá ser posteriormente integrado pela administração superior. Essa necessidade permanente se manifesta quando consideramos que as funções administrativas, atribuídas em caráter pessoal, são transitórias e que os planos institucionais são os instrumentos maiores de garantia da continuidade da universidade e de seu compromisso como comunidade acadêmica. A universidade não é um lugar para muitos professores e funcionários simplesmente aceitarem e executarem tarefas, descompromissados com a instituição. Tal espírito paternalista empobrece a instituição de ensino, pois não desenvolve as potencialidades criadoras e produtivas, nem destaca melhor as competências profissionais.

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Thompson, J. Michael T. "Introduction. Progress in Earth science and climate studies". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, n.º 1885 (25 de setembro de 2008): 4503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0215.

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In this introductory paper, I review the ‘visions of the future’ articles prepared by top young scientists for the second of the two Christmas 2008 Triennial Issues of Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A , devoted respectively to astronomy and Earth science. Topics covered in the Earth science issue include: trace gases in the atmosphere; dynamics of the Antarctic circumpolar current; a study of the boundary between the Earth's rocky mantle and its iron core; and two studies of volcanoes and their plumes. A final section devoted to ecology and climate covers: the mathematical modelling of plant–soil interactions; the effects of the boreal forests on the Earth's climate; the role of the past palaeoclimate in testing and calibrating today's numerical climate models; and the evaluation of these models including the quantification of their uncertainties.

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Kovganko, N. V., e S. N. Sokolov. "Synthesis of (22E,24R)-5a-ergosta-2,7,22-trien-6-one". Chemistry of Natural Compounds 35, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1999): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02238216.

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Fan, Cui, Callen Pacier e Danik M. Martirosyan. "Rose hip (Rosa canina L): A functional food perspective". Functional Foods in Health and Disease 4, n.º 12 (24 de dezembro de 2014): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v4i12.159.

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Background: Rose hip (Rosa canina L.) is the pseudo-fruit of the rose plant, which is widely known as a valuable source of polyphenols and vitamin C. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that this fruit exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiobesogenic activities. The health benefits of Rose hip (RH) have been attributed to its wide range of bioactive compounds including the anti-inflammatory galactolipid: (2S)-1,2-di-O-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl]-3-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl glycerol (GOPO), vitamin C, phenolics, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and other carotenoids. As cyclooxygenase inhibitors, RH compounds may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, and various inflammatory conditions. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the functional, medical, and physiological properties of RH.Keywords: Rosa canina, Rose hip, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, GOPO, lycopene, and vitamin C

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Odinokov, V. N. "Olefination of aliphatic aldehydes in the synthesis of mono-, di-, and trienic pheromones of linear structure". Chemistry of Natural Compounds 35, n.º 3 (maio de 1999): 260–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02234846.

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Lewis, Tom, e Valerie J. Debuse. "Resilience of a eucalypt forest woody understorey to long-term (34 - 55 years) repeated burning in subtropical Australia". International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, n.º 8 (2012): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11003.

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We investigated the effects of annual burning since 1952, triennial burning since 1973, fire exclusion since 1946 and infrequent wildfire (one fire in 61 years) on woody understorey vegetation in a dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest, south-eastern Queensland, Australia. We determined the influence of these treatments, and other site variables (rainfall, understorey density, topsoil C : N ratio, tree basal area, distance to watercourse and burn coverage) on plant taxa density, richness and composition. The richness of woody understorey taxa 0–1 m in height was not affected by burning treatments, but richness of woody plants 1–7.5 m in height was lower in the annually burnt treatment than in the triennially burnt treatment from 1989 to 2007. Fire frequency and other site variables explained 34% of the variation in taxa composition (three taxon groups and 10 species), of which 33% of the explained variance was explained by fire treatment and 46% was explained by other site variables. Annual burning between 1974 and 1993 was associated with lower understorey densities mainly due to reduced densities of eucalypts 1–7.5 m in height. Triennial burning during the same period was associated with higher densities of eucalypts 0–7.5 m in height relative to the annually burnt and unburnt treatments. Most woody taxa persisted in the frequently burnt treatments through resprouting mechanisms (e.g. lignotuberous regeneration), and fire patchiness associated with low-intensity burning was also found to be important. Persistence of plants <1 m tall demonstrates the resilience of woody taxa to repeated burning in this ecosystem, although they mainly exist in a suppressed growth state under annual burning.

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Hoai, Nguyen Thi, Ho Viet Duc, Ain Raal e Hiroyuki Morita. "A New Limonoid from Chisocheton paniculatus Fruit Collected in Vietnam and Its NO Production Inhibitory Activity". Natural Product Communications 13, n.º 10 (outubro de 2018): 1934578X1801301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801301005.

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A new limonoid, 6α,7α-diacetoxy-3-oxo-24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-1,14,20(22)-trien-21,23-lactam (1), was isolated from the fruits of Chsocheton paniculatus Hiern collected in Vietnam, together with two known 5α,8α-epidioxysterols, (22 E,24 R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2) and (22 E,24 R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (3) Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including D- and 2D-NMR and HRESIMS, and comparisons with the reported data in the literature. Compounds 1–3 exhibited the NO production inhibitory activities against the LPS stimulated BV2 cells with 69.0 ± 2.7 %, 69.5 ± 2.2 %, and 70.6 ± 1.6 %, at concentration of 20.0 μM, respectively.

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Kıran Aydın, Sibel, Abdulselam Ertaş, Mehmet Boğa, Ebru Erol, Gülbahar Özge Alim Toraman, Tuba Kuşman Saygı, Belkıs Halfon e Gülaçtı Topçu. "Di- and Triterpenoids Isolation and LC-MS Analysis of Salvia marashica Extracts with Bioactivity Studies". Records of Natural Products 15, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2021): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/rnp.251.21.03.2003.

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In this study, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of the Salvia marashica plant which is an endemic species to Anatolia, were investigated. The total phenolic amounts of these extracts were determined as pyrocatechol equivalent and total flavonoids as quercetin equivalent. Antioxidant activity was determined by four complementary methods including inhibition of lipid peroxidation (by β-carotene color expression), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity and CUPRAC methods. Anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was investigated by the Ellman method against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Viability and cytotoxic activity tests were carried out on the fibroblast L929 cells and cytotoxic A549 lung cancer cells, respectively. The triterpenoids and diterpenoids constitute the major secondary metabolites of the S. marashica acetone and methanol extracts isolated by chromatographic methods. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, namely NMR and mass analyses. Ten terpenoids were obtained from either acetone or methanol extracts of the S. marashica. Seven of them were triterpenoids, elucidated as lupeol, lupeol-3-acetate, lup-12, 20(29)-diene, lup-20(29)-ene, α-amyrin-tetracosanoate, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid besides a steroid β-sitosterol. Two abietane diterpenes, abieta-8,11,13-triene (1) and 18-acetoxymethylene-abieta-8,11,13-triene (2), were obtained from the acetone extract which were isolated from a Salvia species for the first time in the present study. The methanol extract was found to be very rich in rosmarinic acid determined by LC-MS/MS analysis.

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Lotfiomran, Neda, Jörg Fromm e Gerrit A. Luinstra. "Effects of elevated CO2 and different nutrient supplies on wood structure of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and gray poplar (Populus × canescens)". IAWA Journal 36, n.º 1 (18 de março de 2015): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000087.

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Anatomical responses and annual ring-width of beech and poplar saplings were studied under elevated CO2-concentrations (770/950 ppm) with different nu-trient supplies during two growth periods. At the end of each growth season, saplings were harvested and stem vessel characteristics as well as annual growth-rings were analysed. In both study years, elevated CO2 caused a significant increase in ring width (RW) of beech but not of poplar. However, fertilization increased RW in poplar saplings. In beech total vessel lumen area (TVLA) and vessel density (VD) increased under elevated CO2 and both parameters decreased by fertilization. Poplar saplings grown under elevated CO2 had significantly larger vessels as well as TVLA while fertilization induced reduction in average vessel lumen area (AVLA) and TVLA. Vessel density of poplar showed no significant response to different growth conditions. Altogether, the effects of elevated CO2 and fertilization on anatomical features were independent of each other.

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Fonseca, Alexandre M. A., Cindy Dias, Ana L. Amaro, Nélson Isidoro, Manuela Pintado, Armando J. D. Silvestre e Sílvia M. Rocha. "The Impact of Plant-Based Coatings in “ROCHA” Pear Preservation during Cold Storage: A Metabolomic Approach". Foods 9, n.º 9 (15 de setembro de 2020): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091299.

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Although new storage technologies have been emerging in recent years, preservation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) remains a challenge for suppliers. Maintenance of desired organoleptic properties throughout cold storage using non-chemical strategies has been investigated and the use of edible coatings has shown potential to delay fruit quality deterioration during cold storage. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of pectin coatings including plant extracts, in “Rocha” pear (Pyrus communis L. cv. Rocha) preservation. A four-month pilot scale assay was performed in both dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) (−0.5 °C, 0.5% O2, and 0.4% CO2) and normal atmospheric (NA) conditions (2 °C). For each storage condition, the following three coatings were tested: pectin (3% w/v) (PCT), pectin (3% w/v) + strawberry tree leaves extract (9.5 mg/mL) (CT1), and pectin (3% w/v) + apple pomace extract (16 mg/mL) (CT2). Volatile compounds, potentially related to aroma or ripening status of “Rocha” pear, were monitored alongside with conjugated trienols (CTs) and maturity parameters. The combination of DCA conditions and the application of pectin coatings were able to reduce the release of Rocha pear volatiles associated with ripening status, (particularly esters and sesquiterpenes), as well as reduce CTs, which could contribute to the preservation of Rocha pear for longer periods.

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Romanenko, E. P., e A. V. Tkachev. "Identification by GC—MS of cymene isomers and 3,7,7-trimethylcyclohepta-1,3,5-triene in essential oils". Chemistry of Natural Compounds 42, n.º 6 (novembro de 2006): 699–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0256-6.

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Pankrushina, N. A., A. V. Tkachev e A. G. Druganov. "Proof of formation of an unstable conjugated triene on decomposition of gibberellin A3 in water". Chemistry of Natural Compounds 24, n.º 5 (1988): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00633396.

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