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1
Helin, Jessica, e Linn Boström. "Den tudelade polisen : En diskurspsykologisk intervjustudie om hur polis-influencers upplevs av verksamma respektive blivande poliser". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182233.
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The new phenomenon of “police influencers” consist of police officers who, under their private names, use their platform to share posts with both police content and humorous messages. The public's perception of the phenomenon is divided, and critical voices say it is inappropriate. The Swedish police force is known for their fellowship, often called “the spirit of the union”. But how does this fellowship correspond to front figures like police influencers? In this study we examine how Swedish police officers and police students respond to the police influencers by applying a theoretical framework based on a discourse psychological perspective and theories about identity and organizational culture. The empirical material consists of semi- structured interviews with both police officers and police students. The result shows that the organizational culture within the police force can be affected by police influencers. The informants show a strong feeling of unity within the force and are making a strong effort to maintain the police authority's legitimacy and trust. Police students seem to be negative to the phenomenon in large, but positive to the fact that police influencers can share important knowledge about the police profession. Experienced Police officers on the other hand are more concerned about how communication made by police influencers can damage the reputation of the police force. This divided perception can result in a split within the organization depending on how one views the phenomenon. There is a strong norm for what a police officer should do, and this characterizes the informants' perception of the phenomenon and in what way it affects the police force. Keywords: Police, influencer, social media, public authority, identity, discursive psychology, organizational culture.
2
Ruiz, Vasquez J. C. "Colombian police policy : police and urban policing, 1991-2006". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fc1cf23-5246-4919-978a-6aee375b9a69.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze Colombian police policy with particular reference to the police and urban policing after the promulgation of the Constitution of 1991. This study examines how the Constitution of 1991 has impacted on the configuration, professionalization and institutionalization of the Colombian police. This dissertation concludes that the new Constitution of 1991 was crucial in transforming an insignificant organization into a noteworthy public institution with its own corporate aims and ethos and a certain autonomy regarding the government, parties, ministries and the military. This research is divided into three main parts. The first one will focus on the police as a structure emphasizing the process of formation, development and institutionalization. It dissects the police structure into five aspects: historical configuration, structural organization, personnel, expenditure and controls. This part shows that the current importance of the police in the Colombian institutional landscape in terms of international aid, personnel and budget increase and public exposure has no precedents prior to 1991.The second part will be devoted to the study of the organizational life of the police force stressing the role played by high-ranking officers in improving the image of the police and, more importantly, in creating a vigorous institution difficult to control from outside, but at the same time, not easy to manage internally as a consequence of the distinction existing between high-ranking and low-ranking officers. The final part of this work examines urban and community policing in large urban areas taking the case of Bogotá. It focuses on the role played by the police in its implementation, successes and failures, concluding that the reluctance of the police to adopt these programmes of policing has limited their productive effects on the actual job and indeed the whole organization.
3
Agge, Ida, e Dimitra Magioglou. "Polis, polis, kvinnogris : En studie om kvinnliga poliser i dagens samhälle". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6071.
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Polisyrket har alltid varit ett mansdominerat yrke men fler och fler insatser görs för att mängden kvinnor ska öka inom kåren eftersom att de fortfarande är underrepresenterade. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att ta reda på hur kvinnliga poliser i anseende med att de är just kvinnor, upplever att de bemöts av allmänheten, manliga kollegor och organisationen. För att ta reda på detta har vi genomfört sex kvalitativa intervjuer med kvinnliga poliser i Sverige. Vi har utgått från litteratur om genus, kvinnliga poliser och andra könsrelaterade teorier. I studien har det framkommit att de kvinnliga poliserna inte upplever kombinationen av deras kvinnlighet och yrket polis som något problemskapande. De känner sig heller inte mindre respekterade varken av manliga kollegor eller organisationen, när det kommer till allmänheten uppvisar den ibland tvivel mot en kvinnlig polis. Många är av den uppfattningen att kvinnor inte hör hemma hos polisen då de inte har samma fysiska styrka som män. Den här studien visar på att så är inte fallet utan även kvinnor kan ha styrkan som krävs och kan också med sin kvinnlighet komplettera kåren. Myten om att polisyrket endast är för män lever fortfarande kvar i viss mån då vissa individer som är i kontakt med polisen föredrar en manlig polis framför en kvinnlig.
4
McKinney, Lindsey. "DEPARTMENTAL POLICY EFFECT ON THE POLICE-MEDIA RELATIONSHIP". Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885644091&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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5
Szostak, Richard Alexander Jeremy. "Europeanisation and the Polish European policy style 1989-2004". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613913.
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6
Applegate, Richard John. "Controlling the police : local autonomy in policy and practice". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1061.
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This thesis assesses the influence of The Home Office, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulaiy, the Association of Chief Police Officers, the Audit Commission, the Local Police Authority, and the Chief Constable on local policy makers and impleinenters within the Devon & Cornwall Constabiilary. It is based on five policy areas: the structmre of the organisation. The Citizens' Charter, Annual Policing (now Performance) Plans, Domestic Violence Policy, and Equal Opportunities Policy. Unlike previous research, it brings together the issues of policy and practice at all levels of the organisation through interviews with senior managers in the Devon & Cornwall Constabulary and members of the Local Police Authority, and questionnaires to front line police officers; as well as analysis of Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary reports and Police Authority Policing Plans, and recomniendations made in Home Office Circulars and Audit Commission reports. The research was carried out prior to the infroduction of Crime and Disorder Partnerships and Crime Audits, required by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Both policy makers and policy implementers believed that there was a sfrong influence from all the key players in the policy areas examined, with the exception of the Association.of Chief Police Officers arid the Local Police Authority: There is-no'^yidence; to suggest that there has been any change in the power relationship between the Chief Constable and the Police Authority. For police officers directly iiivolved in the implementation process. The Citizens' Charter and Annual Policing (now Performance) Plans had made little differerice to the way they carried out their day-to-day work. In these more generic policy areas they saw less influence from the key players but perceived greater influence coming from consumers, public opinion, colleagues and immediate supervisors. In the tighter policy area of domestic violence, where there is greater top down confrol, the mfluence of the key players was the sfrongest, and local autonomy, both in policy and practice was hard to find. The police organisatiori retains many of the attiibutes of a classical bureaucracy and an ideal form of organisational stincture has yet to be found.
7
Allard, Frank Dennis. "Police probationer training : policy and practice an historical review". Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5383.
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The apparent lack of any previous work focusing on Police Probationer Training was the impetus behind this research. This very important area of police training is undergone by all officers and their probationary period lasts two years. Numerous reviews and amendments have taken place over the years but do not seem to have been documented in any structured way. The aim of this research was to discover how this training evolved, the reasons for change, and the way it has been implemented. Finally the present day system was examined in detail, compared with the experience of older officers and other systems. Method Obtaining the information has proved a task of detective work, examining numerous minutes, reports and documents produced within and without the police service. Field work was carried out throughout Lincolnshire Police and by visits to Ryton Police Training Centre and the central Planning Unit at Harrogate (now renamed as Training Support, Harrogate). Questionnaires were circulated to officers undergoing the training, officers who attended earlier courses and the trainers themselves. These were followed up by selected interviews. Training delivery was witnessed at Ryton Police Training Centre and within the Lincolnshire Force. Conclusions The results of this research indicate that the training given to initial recruits within the police service is as good as it has ever been. It is, however, cost led and, although the two year probationary period is somewhat euphemistically referred to as a training period, it is much more beside as, once the foundation course of 31 weeks is completed, probationers become a resource deployed in much the same way as their experienced colleagues. The post foundation phase of training is delivered in force with little or no central control and consequently the standard of training is not consistent. The thesis traces the development but, owing to lack of access to, or simply nonexistence, of some documents it cannot be claimed to be absolutely complete.
8
Artun, Ayse. "Polish foreign policy between East and West, 1989-2004". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30874/.
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After Poland assumed a pro-Western orientation following the end of the communist regime in 1989, its immediate foreign policy goals became to join NATO and the EU, the importance of Poland's relations with the newly emerging states in the ex-Soviet region lagged behind in the foreign policy agenda. While there was political consensus among the policy making elite and the populace about Poland's integration into Western structures and necessary resources and efforts were channelled to this end, challenges posed by the transformation in Poland's East was dealt with in a piecemeal fashion, devoid of a coherent conceptual Eastern policy framework and a strong institutional backing. However, as Poland's prospects of joining NATO and the EU became more secure. Eastern policy was increasingly debated in intellectual and academic circles and foreign policy makers searched for a more structured and robust response to the challenges brought about by relations with Poland's Eastern neighbours. Poland's Eastern policy has progressed since the early 1990s when its existence was doubted and became an important dimension of Poland's foreign policy and after joining the EU in 2004, Polish policy makers even contemplated how Poland's Eastern policy could influence and even shape the EU's relations with its Eastern neighbours. This study investigates the factors that contributed to the formation of an Eastern policy concept and domestic and international determinants that shaped Poland's relations with its Eastern neighbours. It presents how Polish foreign policy responded to a changing regional and international environment and gives an account of Poland's accession process to NATO and the EU and concurrent development of relations with the Eastern neighbours. It explores the legal framework and institutions that take part in foreign policy making and execution and offers an analysis of 20th century historical currents and intellectual and academic debates on EP. Poland's bilateral relations with Russia, Ukraine and Belarus constitute the main case studies where the impact on relations of domestic political discourses in Poland, the EU and NATO enlargement, economic and investment links, regional energy politics and the role of minorities and historical heritage are examined. As well as extensive primary and secondary sources, the study utilises in-depth interviews with high level Polish policy makers, academics and businessmen undertaken during fieldwork in Poland.
9
Bodur, Kadriye. "Impact Of Polish Memberships In Nato And The Eu On Polish Foreign Policy Towards Russia". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610062/index.pdf.
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This thesis examines the impact of Poland&rsquos NATO and EU memberships on Polish foreign policy towards Russia by taking the historical background of Poland&rsquo
s relations with Russia into account. The main objective of the thesis is to examine the change in Polish foreign policy towards Russia in the aftermath of its memberships in NATO and the EU in 1999 and 2004 respectively. The thesis argues that Poland has changed its accommodative approach towards Russia and started to pursue a more assertive foreign policy after its NATO and the EU memberships due to its decreasing dependency on this country. In this thesis, the concept of interdependence is employed to explain Polish foreign policy on Russia. The thesis has six chapters, including Introduction and Conclusion chapters. The second chapter explores the historical background of Polish-Russian relations. The third chapter analyzes the main characteristics of Polish foreign policy in the post-Cold War era. The fourth chapter examines the impact of Poland&rsquo
s NATO membership on Polish foreign policy towards Russia. The fifth chapter discusses the impact of Poland&rsquo
s EU membership on its foreign policy towards Russia.
10
Hosking, Peter. "Policy Reform and Resistance: A Case Study of Police Pursuit Policy Change in Queensland, Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/413694.
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Police high-speed vehicular pursuits are contentious due to lives lost and property damage resulting from unintended crashes. To reduce pursuit-related trauma, and potential litigation, police jurisdictions have introduced restrictive policies that limit when officers may engage in a pursuit. However, opponents of restrictive pursuit policies believe this results in reduced deterrence, increased criminal offending and dangerous driving practices. This thesis tested these assumptions using a single case study of Queensland, Australia, where the Queensland Police Service (QPS) implemented two restrictive pursuit policy iterations in 2007 and 2011. Five studies sought to establish the policies’ specific aims; whether they were achieved; if there was resistance to the policy reforms; and, if so, what were the rationales for such resistance. The major theoretical contribution of this thesis was to support the notion that Dent and Goldberg’s (1999a; 1999b) Loss Resistance Theory can help explain why police might resist policy reform. Loss Resistance Theory argues that change per se is not the root cause for resistance to performance altering policies, but stakeholders’ perceived losses in terms of their autonomy, status, and independent discretion, resulting from the policy change. Lipsky’s (2010) Discretionary Independence Theory applied to police officers acting as ‘street-level bureaucrats’ (Lipsky, 2010), provided an additional theoretical platform to test policy limitations on officers’ decision-making. Several other theories were derived from the literature and used to assist data collection and provide focus to the analysis. These included Classical Deterrence Theory, as derived from Hobbes (1651), Beccaria (1764/1872) and Bentham (1780/1988), that was tested relative to alterations in offending behaviour. Moore’s Public Value Theory (1995), that explains public acceptance of authority and coercion is judged against citizens’ expectations for justice, fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness, provided an opportunity to explore external policy acceptance and/or resistance. Cohen and Felson’s (1979) Routine Activity Theory proposes that for a crime to be successfully committed, the three necessary elements are a motivated offender, the availability of a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. The theory was tested by analysis of crime patterns and offending behaviours where police guardianship may have been affected by the policy restrictions. The research began with study 1, a documentary archival search and analysis spanning the pre-policy years from 1989 to 2006, that sought to confirm the intent of Queensland’s restrictive pursuit policies. Applying a One Group Pretest/Posttest Design method, using official QPS data from 2003 to 2015, study 2 then explored changes in pursuit frequencies, and associated trauma, before and after each policy iteration. Study 3 used the same method to test changes in frequency and rate of selected offence categories. Study 4 analysed operational reports to identify policy noncompliance that may infer resistance. And, finally, study 5 analysed interview responses from fifteen operational police officers. Findings from study 1 reveal the primary intent of the policies was to reduce the number of deaths associated with police pursuits. Study 2 found that both restrictive policies reduced pursuit-related trauma, as intended. Crime classes tested in study 3 all showed reductions to varying degrees, except evasion offences, which increased exponentially. Early policy resistance was evident from the results of study 4 but diminished over time. The results of studies 4 & 5 found early resistance to the restrictive policies was predicated on officers’ fears of potential loss to their autonomy, independent decision-making capacity, and operational feasibility. This research established that restrictive police pursuit policies did not contribute to increases in the general road death toll due to any lack of road policing enforcement, as predicted in the literature. And, except for evasion offences, they did not facilitate increased crime where the use of a vehicle is either mandatory or desirable for the successful completion of the offence. With the passing of time, and the negation of pre-empted outcomes, resistance is now largely eliminated. However, police officers reportedly continue to resist applying the evasion offence policy requirements, while in their view prosecutors and magistrates fail to adhere to the relevant legislation. Future researchers may wish to test the findings in an alternative jurisdiction to establish if the results can be equally observed and replicated. However, the findings imply that police administrators contemplating policy reform should focus greater attention and resources on ongoing training investment before and after policy implementation. Their goal should be to ensure officers are thoroughly versed in the organization’s aims, so that policies may be fully embraced by operational and prosecutorial staff, while assuaging any perceived losses from the outset, particularly to officers’ status and authority.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Crim & Crim Justice
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
11
Popovicova, Iva. "New body politic Czech and Polish women's art of the 1990s". Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/989277348/04.
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12
Bieniek, Piotr S. "Polish defense policy in the context of national security strategy". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FBieniek.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-75). Also available in print.
13
Ellis, Lacy Kristine. "Policemoms: Perceptions of Motherhood and Policy in Ohio Police Organizations". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2649.
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Police organizations have a problem retaining female police officers, especially those who are mothers. Women leave the policing profession at higher rates during childbearing and child-rearing years than during any other time in their career. Using feminist theory as a foundation, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of policewomen who are mothers and identify factors that contribute to poor retention rates during childbearing and child-rearing years. Data were collected through 11 interviews with policewomen, who were also mothers, in Ohio. These data were analyzed using Saldana's 2-cycle coding procedure followed by thematic analysis. The findings included a set of patterns that provided insight into the reasons why female police officers are more difficult to retain. These patterns included: (a) challenges related to a double standard associated with women being primary caregivers, (b) psycho-social changes after children including hypervigilance on the job, (c) fear of reassignment or termination, and (d) the perception that departmental policy fails to address the unique needs of female officers. Together, the findings suggest that police departments today have yet to fully understand the challenges that policewomen who are mothers face on a daily basis. The implications for social change include reformed policies and practices that could contribute to the advancement and professionalization of the policing profession as a whole by changing the traditionally masculine organizational culture and promoting a more gender-neutral environment, thus allowing communities to benefit from having a more diverse police force.
14
Black, Stephen P. "Crossing shadows Polish sovereignty, post-communist foreign policy and European security /". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA246590.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): lTsypkin, Mikhail. Second Reader: Laba, Roman. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 01, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Foreign policy, Europe, warfare, global, united states, strategy, security, theses, memory devices, integration, internal, history, Germany, crossings, eastern Europe, Poland, bridges, shadows, east(direction), disintegration, central Europe, USSR DTIC Identifier(s): Poland, Eastern Europe, European security, theses Author(s) subject terms: Poland, Eastern Europe, European security Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
15
Tsang, Lam-po Ivan. "The establishment of the Police Cadet School a question of youth policy? /". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35320023.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Scarman Centre for the Study of Public Order, University of Leicester in association with School of Professional and Continuing Education, University of Hong Kong, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-78) Also available in print.
16
Ho, Sai-him Benny, e 何世謙. "An analysis of the policy on investigating complaints against the HongKong police". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965532.
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17
Estridge, Lydia Margaret. "Governing domestic violence : 'doing' government, police realities and feminisms in policy activities". Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398002.
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18
Unter, Kevin A. "The New Orleans Police Department: Melding Police and Policy to Dramatically Reduce Crime in the City of New Orleans". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/599.
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In 1996, the New Orleans Police Department implemented the COMSTAT management and accountability style of policing. Within three years of that implementation, murder was cut by over fifty percent and violent crime fell by nearly the same amount; overall crime was cut by over one-third compared to just three years ago. This dissertation seeks to explore the reasons crime declined so rapidly in New Orleans post-COMSTAT implementation, compared to crime in the rest of the country. Drawing on political and criminological theories of policing as well as sociological theories, variables unique to each set of theories were identified and tested alone and against competing explanations. Utilizing higher-ordered time series methodology, two analyses were conducted. The first utilized interrupted time-series analysis to identify the nature of COMSTAT's impact on New Orleans' crime trends, measured as changes in the current quarter compared to the same quarter of the preceding year. The results show that while COMSTAT had a significant impact on the crime trends, the effects were short-lived. The second analysis utilized traditional time series methodology to examine the impacts of the individual variables on the overall crime trends. The results show that while policing variables and sociological variables have little effect on the overall crime trends both individually and when tested together, the findings indicate policing variables play a larger role than sociological variables when included together. As another independent test of the effects of crime, public opinion data obtained via the University of New Orleans' Survey Research Center from 1986-2004 show that the public was very positive towards the NOPD's efforts in dramatically reducing crime and fear of crime in New Orleans during this period. The overall results for policy makers then indicates that reductions in crime resonate positively with city residents and future policy decisions should be made with that goal in mind.
19
Pitman, Grant. "Police Minister and Commissioner Relationships". Thesis, Griffith University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365696.
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Australian Police Ministers and Commissioners occupy a pivotal position in the system of law enforcement. Collectively, they are responsible for the general policy, administration and operational direction and control of policing through the Australian States. There has been in the past twenty five years a growing complexity and a variety of problems facing police agencies which are arduous and demanding. Continuing social tension of recent years have given police ministers and commissioners higher public profiles than ever before. The research undertaken in this thesis examines the difficulties experienced between police ministers and commissioners in Queensland and New South Wales from 1970 to 1995. Three models have been developed as a framework to analyse the relationships and how they operate. The three models are called - 'Dependency', 'Independency' and 'Interdependency'. Twenty-one police ministers, commissioners and advisers from Queensland and New South Wales were interviewed during the course of the research. Five separate case studies were developed to analyse and interpret the relationships within the context of the three models. A summary chapter of additional research data provides supporting information which was used to substantiate the case study material. The conclusion argues that relationships operate more effectively when elements of the 'Interdependency' model exist. The need for further debate about the administrative, legal and management elements of the working relationship between a police minister and commissioner is essential to achieve a balance between policy, administration and operational requirements within a modern western democratic policing system.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Public Policy
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
20
Sandes, Wilquerson Felizardo. "Dimensões da ação policial em uma troca de tiros : um estudo psicossociológico da decisão pelo uso da força letal". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250843.
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Orientador: Salvador Antonio Mireles SandovalTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T03:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandes_WilquersonFelizardo_D.pdf: 4722535 bytes, checksum: 36d8f5d3fd5b0ebf3b00c0ff0ce4d681 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Seis dimensões influenciam na decisão pelo uso da força letal, com utilização de arma de fogo em situações de perigo, na complexidade de uma ação policial: 1) perfil do policial; 2) ambiente do confronto; 3) tomada de decisão; 4) reações emocionais; 5) lição aprendida antes e depois do evento; 6) valores e expectativas dos policiais quanto à visão interna e externa sobre enfrentamento armado. Quando uma ação é desencadeada, todas as dimensões citadas influenciam de alguma forma no resultado geral. É o que esta pesquisa se propõe analisar, com o objetivo de contribuir com apontamentos e subsídios psicossociológicos para o currículo relacionado ao uso da força e armas de fogo, no campo da educação policial. A metodologia combina explicação por mecanismos via técnicas etnometodológicas com utilização dos seguintes recursos: pesquisa bibliográfica, observação participante, entrevistas e grupos focais com policiais, iconografia com desenhos de confrontos elaborados por policiais que decidiram pelo uso da força letal Na introdução do trabalho, incluímos a problematização, os dilemas relacionados ao uso da força e a metodologia da pesquisa. O desenvolvimento foi estruturado em seis dimensões analíticas sobre a decisão pelo confronto armado, incluindo eventos que, em muitos episódios, resultaram no derramamento de sangue entre policiais e seus oponentes eventuais. Nas conclusões, apontamos as diversas impressões e reflexões sobre o assunto. Outras dimensões de análise podem existir, porém as seis que elencamos foram as que surgiram ao longo do desafio de quatro anos de pesquisa em educação com ênfase nas ciências sociais.
Abstract: In police action, six dimensions influence the decision to use lethal force, with a firearm in dangerous situations: 1) behavior of the police officer; 2) environment of confrontation; 3) decision making; 4) reactions emotional; 5) the learning before and after; 6) beliefs and expectations of police officers. When an action is triggered, all these dimensions in some way, can influence the overall result. That's what this thesis analyze search, with the aim of contributing to analysis psychosociological for curriculum related to the use of force and firearms, in the field of education. The methodology combines the following features: literature review, participant observation, interviews and focus groups, iconography with drawings prepared by police officers about use of lethal force. In the introduction to the work, include the problem, dilemmas related to the use of force, and research methodology. The development was divided into six analytical dimensions of the decision by the armed confrontation. The conclusions point out the various impressions and thoughts on the subject. Further analysis dimensions may exist, but the six that were those that emerged during the challenge four years of research in education with an emphasis in social sciences.
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais na Educação
Doutor em Educação
21
Crowther, C. P. "The 'underclass' debate : the police policy process and the social construction of order". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265163.
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22
Pinéu, Daniel Filipe Dos Ramos. "The pedagogy of security : police assistance and liberal governmentality in American foreign policy". Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/3b368c44-fc8f-4fab-816b-64346cf8b599.
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Since 2001, and the US response to international terrorism by launching an ill-defined and open-ended ‘Global War on Terror’, a striking debate (re)emerged within the discipline of International Relations (IR) about the global nature of American power, more specifically about the imperial character of the exercise of that power. In a discipline such as IR, forged on the heels of colonialism (cf. Schmidt 1998: 123-150, Long & Schmidt 2005), it is somewhat surprising that for several decades, little work had been produced within its mainstream on the topic of empires and imperialism1. Whatever the causes of this, two events were to change that sad state of affairs. One was the publication and unexpected success of the book Empire by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri (Hardt & Negri 2000), which received an unusually broad array of acclaim and critique, and became something of a global phenomenon in sales, slowly achieving that rare status of a ‘theory’ best-seller. The other trigger, barely a year apart, was September 11th and its aftermath. The response of the US government under George W. Bush helped re-launch the debate, and made empire a political buzzword once again (Eakin 2002, Ricks 2001). This was compounded by the influence of the so-called neo-conservatives within his administration – some of them vocal proponents of an imperial set of policies towards the rest of the world (Boot 2001, 2002, 2003a, 2003b, 2003c; Kagan 1998). To borrow Michael Cox's ironic and apt phrase, the empire was back in town (Cox 2003).
23
Sjursen, Helene. "Western policy-making in the Polish crisis (1980-83) : the problem of coordination". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2477/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the Western states responded to the Polish crisis (1980-83), both severally and collectively, with particular reference to their capacity for coordinated action. The thesis concentrates on the interaction between the major Western states (France, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States) inside the broader Western institutional framework (looking in particular at NATO, the European Community, European Political Cooperation and CoCom). It assesses the impact and relative importance of the various Western institutional networks and of longer term conflicting Western aims in Poland for the success and failure of coordination. It also analyses the relevance of wider transatlantic disputes over detente for coordination. It is argued that the domestic Polish crisis gradually spilled over into East-West and West-West relations, ultimately triggering one of the most serious crises in the history of the Western alliance. The thesis is different from that of other studies of international crises in that most such studies concentrate on relations between governments who identify each other as "enemies", whereas the main concern here is with relations within one "enemy camp". Highlighting the political and economic, as well as security dimensions to the crisis, the thesis also shows that the Western states were faced with a more complex problem than a classic foreign policy crisis. Finally, the complexity of the issues raised as a result of the Polish crisis meant that the Western states were faced not only with the problem of reconciling different and sometimes conflicting national objectives, but also with the need to reconcile contradictory economic, political and security concerns cutting across national borders. Against this backdrop the thesis argues that the problem of coordination is more complex than what is implied by the neo-realist and neo-liberal institutionalist perspectives, and that the success and failure of coordination rests with the individual states, navigating within the constraints of domestic politics, alliance politics and international [in this case East-West] relations.
24
Ho, Sai-him Benny. "An analysis of the policy on investigating complaints against the Hong Kong police". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20075480.
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Baldini, Edward. "Hunting a Black Swan : Policy Options for America's Police in Preventing Radiological/Nuclear Terrorism". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17316.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedLocal law enforcement is a necessary and irreplaceable component to a comprehensive approach to increasing the probability of detection of attempted Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism incidents. Local law enforcements unique knowledge, skills, and abilities provide investigative, protection, and direct action capabilities not found in other nonmilitary disciplines. A well-trained, equipped, and situational aware Law Enforcement community can form our nations last, best defense against this terrorist threat. This thesis will examine the broad policy options for law enforcement agencies pursuing a Preventive Radiological Nuclear Detection (PRND) program. The examination will look at four options (1) taking no action and leaving the PRND mission to federal agencies, (2) a single agency approach, (3) multiple law enforcement agencies creating a regional PRND program and (4) a multidisciplinary, multiagency approach covering a large urban area. Each option will use a case to illustrate the comparative aspects of planning, organization, equipment, training, exercising, and operations support. It will be shown that interested law enforcement agencies can choose and implement a PRND that meets their needs as part of an overall homeland security program in their respective jurisdiction. The goal is to encourage more law enforcement agencies to participate in the domestic portion of a global strategy known as the Global Nuclear Detection Architecture (GNDA). This document will serve as a roadmap for agencies wishing to engage in this mission.
26
Kapti, Alican. "Reform and change in police education: Examining the variations in the top-down and bottom-up structures in the process of implementation". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11028/.
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This study examines the variations in the practice of implementation in different implementation structures using the case of police education reforms that were undertaken by the Turkish National Police (TNP) in 2001 and 2003. Differentiations and similarities in the top-down and bottom-up structures while practicing the process of implementation were investigated in this study. First, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the process of implementation and structure of implementation. Second, the study introduces TNP education reforms and explains the reasons for the reform. Third, a quantitative approach is used to measure the success of the TNP educational reforms. Specifically, multiple regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc tests are used to clarify if police performance in the TNP has improved since the reforms. Fourth, the study uses a qualitative approach to find out how features associated with top-down or bottom up approaches were involved in the process of implementation of the educational reforms. Finally, based upon the views of the participants in the qualitative analysis, the study examines the variations in the practice of implementation between decision makers and the street level bureaucrats.
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Harkin, Diarmaid. "'Civilizing policing'? : what can police-public consultation forums achieve for police reform, 'democratic policing', and police legitimacy?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14178.
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Considering police-public consultation forums as a device, or tactic, to ‘civilize’ policing, the possibilities and limitations of ‘civilizing policing’ using this method can be shown. Police-public consultation forums can ‘civilize’ policing – in the sense Loader and Walker (2007) use the term – by contributing to police reform, democratic policing, and police legitimacy. Using the case of Edinburgh, Scotland, the achievements of police-public consultation forums for reform, democratic policing, and legitimacy, are examined and an argument made that consultation forums can make positive contributions in each of these areas. However, the example of consultation forums also reveals significant conceptual and structural limitations to the ideas of reform, democracy, and legitimacy when applied to the police. These limitations are articulated using the social theory of Simmel, Weber, and Lukes: Simmel and Weber reveal the inflexibility and non-negotiable aspects of the police that defies reform and democratic ambitions; Lukes provides an important precautionary perspective on the ‘democraticness’ of democratic devices; and, comparing Lukes with the work of Weber provides a view on legitimacy that reveals advanced complexities to ‘police legitimacy’. In sum, police-public consultation forums contribute to ‘civilizing policing’, but it is also useful to reflect and consider the non-negotiable limits the ‘form’ of the police applies to possible positive change.
28
Hamilton, Sheilah Elizabeth. "Private security and government : a Hong Kong perspective, 1841-1941 /". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575102.
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Messier, Marielle. "Les modèles de services réservés aux élèves nouveaux arrivants : une étude comparée entre Montréal et Toronto /". Montréal : Immigration et métropoles, 1997. http://im.metropolis.net/research-policy/research%5Fcontent/Messier.html.
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Mochan, Christiane. "Ungesetzlicher Gewaltgebrauch durch die Polizei". Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2940/.
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Inhalt:
Probleme bei der Erforschung des Themas
- Forschungsstand in Deutschland
Definition der ungesetzlichen Gewaltanwendung durch die Polizei
Kennzeichen übermäßiger Gewaltanwendung durch PolizistInnen
Individuelle Erklärungsansätze
- Arbeitsbelastungen und Situation
- Authority Maintenance Theory nach Alpert und Dunham
Die Organisation von Polizei als Erklärungsansatz
- Cop Culture
Mögliche Auswege
Resümee
31
Grutzpalk, Jonas. "Mutawa : eine islamische Polizei in Saudi‐Arabien". Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/1707/.
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Schülzke, Björn. "Die Sicherheitskräfte der USA : ein Einblick in die Geschichte und Struktur". Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/1708/.
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Inhalt:
Die historische Entwicklung der Sicherheitskräfte der USA
- Die frühen Jahre der Polizei
Der Beginn organisierter Polizeiarbeit
- Die Polizei des Bundes
Der 11. September 2001 und die Folgen für die Sicherheitsbehörden
- Das Department of Homeland Security
- Erweiterte Befugnisse
Resümee
33
Sixtus, Frederick. "Interpol und Europol : Vorboten einer Weltpolizei?" Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/1715/.
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Inhalt:
Interpol
- Kurzer geschichtlicher Abriss
- Interpol heute
- Struktur
- Die Kernfunktionen Interpols
Europol (oder: Europäisches Polizeiamt)
- Kurzer geschichtlicher Abriss
- Europol heute
- Struktur
Die Kontrolle Europols
- Die Kernaufgaben Europols
- Wie arbeiten die internationalen Polizeibehörden tatsächlich?
- Vorboten einer Weltpolizei?
34
Graßmann, Mathias. "Die Polizei in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Begriffsbestimmung und Entwicklungslinien 1945 bis 1990". Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2787/.
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Inhalt:
Der Polizeibegriff in Deutschland
Entwicklungslinien der bundesrepublikanischen Polizei von 1945 bis 1990
- Die Polizei in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 1949 bis 1960 – Restaurationsphase
- Die Polizei in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 1967 bis 1979 – Umbruch- und Reformphase
- Polizeiinternes Bildungsniveau nach Schulabschluss 1960/1970
- Die Polizei in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 1980 bis 1990 – Differenzierungsphase
Resümee
35
Ellenbeck, Saskia. "Polizei im Orient : Aufrechterhaltung der öffentlichen Ordnung in Kambodscha". Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2932/.
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Inhalt:
Polizei in Kambodscha – Der Blick in die Vergangenheit
- Folgen dieser Erfahrungen auf Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft
- Zusammensetzung und Organisation der Polizei in Kambodscha
- Betriebsförmigkeit
- Standardisierung
- Formalisierung
Zur Sozialkultur und Außenwirkung der kambodschanischen Polizei
Einordnung des kambodschanischen Polizeiapparats in das Herrschaftstypenmodell Max Webers
36
Palm, Einar. "Visa behärskning? : En Grounded Theory studie om svenska polisers emotionella arbete". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36472.
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Morgan, Matthew Michael. "Policing vulnerability: An examination of police policy, training, and perceptions of practice regarding responding to persons with mental illness". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213160/1/Matthew%20Michael_Morgan_Thesis.pdf.
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The thesis is a qualitative study of police policy, training, and perceptions of police practice regarding the provision of ‘fair and just’ police responses to persons with mental illness (PWMI) in crisis. The thesis suggests that police policy guidelines and training practices may not appropriately equip police to recognise, understand, and manage PWMI in a fair and procedurally just manner. In addition, police culture within the organisation, and the organisation’s emphasis on paramilitary ideals is argued to limit and challenge procedurally just policing of PWMI.
38
Haaland, Pers Jonas. "I gränslandet mellan statsrepresentant och privatperson : En etnografisk studie av svenska privat-twittrande poliser". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-133798.
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Denna masteruppsats behandlar gruppen privat-twittrande poliser – individer som i egenskap av privatpersoner skildrar sitt förhållningssätt och sina åsikter kring sitt yrke som polis genom sociala medie-forumet Twitter. Studien är baserad på etnografiskt fältarbete utfört under hösten 2014. Sedan den svenska Polisens officiella intåg på sociala medier under början av 2010-talet har fler och fler yrkesverksamma poliser börjat använda digitala plattformar såsom Twitter, Facebook och Instagram för att skildra en egen syn på den polisiära yrkesrollen samt diskutera Polisens samhällsfunktion och verksamhetsförfarande. Till skillnad från officiella myndighetsrepresentanter på Twitter står de privat-twittrande poliserna fria från det direkta representativa ansvar som det innebär att professionellt företräda staten och behöver således inte enbart handla i enlighet med den officiella verksamhetsagendan. Trots friheten från direkt ansvar upplevs dock många av individerna, av allmänheten, som polisrepresentanter i och med deras primärt yrkesrelaterade kommunikation. I gränslandet mellan statsrepresentant och privatperson upprättas en säregen maktposition vilken, med hjälp av Twitter som socialt verktyg, förstärker de privat-twittrande polisernas möjligheter att prägla och nyansera den samhälleliga föreställningen om det polisiära varandet.
39
De, Witt Douglas L. "Polish foreign and security policy : dilemmas of multi-national integration and alliance cohesion, 1989-2005". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FDeWitt.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, John Leslie. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-73). Also available online.
40
Taylor, Norman. "Policing domestic violence : police policy and discretion and the need for a multi-agency response". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/294.
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As gatekeeper to the criminal justice system the Police Service is placed in a unique position to respond to the problem of domestic violence. The police are a reactive agency that is available 24 hours every day, but the activities, or more appropriately the inactivity, of the police to effectively deal with domestic violence has been the subject of considerable scrutiny over the past 20 years or so. Previous research has tended to centre around the victims and perpetrators of domestic violence and pointed towards a police service that is generally unsympathetic and unhelpful. Whilst considerable advances have been made over recent years and attitudes are changing, there is still the perception, whether right or wrong, that the police stance has not changed sufficiently to make any real difference.
41
Carrier, Joseph J. "Police training and public policy : the formation and implementation of Peace Officer training in Missouri /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012954.
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Piraino, Peter Thomas. "Pre-employment Polygraphs and Ohio Law Enforcement Officers' Perceptions of Police Misconduct". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4246.
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Despite convincing evidence of the polygraph instrument's lack of scientific validity and reliability in assessing deceptiveness in individuals, public-sector organizations in the United States continue to use the polygraph examination as a pre-employment screening tool. In addition to its lack of acceptance in the scientific community, little is known about the effectiveness of polygraph examinations, given as part of pre-employment screening, in predicting future misconduct in law enforcement officers. Two theoretical frameworks, Baumgartner and Jones' punctuated equilibrium model of policy change and Alvesson and Spicer's theory of functional stupidity, provided the theoretical foundation for this study. The purpose of this correlational study was to investigate the relationship between use of the pre-employment polygraph and officers' perceptions of police misconduct, which is a suspected precursor to actual future misconduct. Survey data were acquired through a convenience sample of 190 Ohio police officers. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Findings revealed no statistically significant relationship between the pre-employment polygraph examination and officers' perceptions of police misconduct. The findings of this study begin to erode conventional thought that there are only positive aspects of the pre-employment polygraph. Law enforcement leaders and public policy makers such as police chiefs, county sheriffs, and local government administrators may benefit from this study. As a potential for positive social change, this study provides public policy makers with empirical data, as opposed to reliance on conventional wisdom and anecdotal evidence, for informed decision making about use of the pre-employment polygraph in public-sector hiring.
43
Segrén, Yrsa. "Sedda, hörda & bekräftade - En kvalitativ undersökning kring hur Malmöpolisen kan arbeta för att få fler att våga vittna". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26550.
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De senaste åren har flera offentliga skjutningar inträffat i Malmö. Malmöpolisen har haft svårigheter att lösa dessa då det, bland annat, har varit en brist på vittnen. Att vittnen inte vågar träda fram kan bero på olika saker, men vanligast är det att de är rädda för repressalier. Detta trots att risken för att utsättas för sådana är relativt låg. För vittnen som utsätts för hot finns det olika skyddsåtgärder att tillgå, men vittnen som upplever en ogrundad oro får i stort sett klara sig själva. Konsekvenserna av att vittnen inte vågar medverka i utredningar och rättegångar kan ha långtgående effekter i samhället och kan i till slut leda till att rättssystemet inte kan arbeta effektivt. Något som kan generera mycket negativa resultat. Eftersom majoriteten av vittnen inte utsätts för hot, kan man utgå från att gruppen som inte har möjlighet för att få polisiärt stöd är relativt stor. Frågeställningen är: Hur kan Malmöpolisen arbeta för att få fler att våga vittna i samband med offentliga skjutningar? Resultaten av denna kvalitativa studie visade att Malmöpolisen bör lägga stort fokus, i sitt arbete, på att sprida information. Både inom och utanför myndigheten. Detta hade kunnat bidra till en ökad säkerhet bland vittnena.In the recent years a number of public shootings have taken place in Malmö. The Malmö police department have experienced difficulty in solving these crimes. One of the reasons for this is the lack of witnesses that have come forward. The reasons why witnesses won’t make themselves know can be many. The most common one however is the fear of reprisals from the suspect. This despite the fact that the risk of being subjected to reprisals is relatively low. Witnesses who are threatened are offered different types of protection. Witnesses who don’t get threatened, but still experience fear get to fend for themselves. The consequences of witnesses who are too frightened to take part in an investigation and trial can be extensive and could lead to the judicial system not being able to work effectively. This can generate very negative results. Since the majority of witnesses don’t get subjected to threats, you can assume that the group of witnesses without support from the police department is extensive. The research question is as follows: How can the Malmö police department work in order to generate more witnesses willing to testify, in connection to public shootings? The results of this qualitative study shows that the Malmö police department should focus on the distribution of information. Both within and outside of the department. This could lead to a stronger feeling of security among these witnesses.
44
Campbell, Elaine. "Prosecution and diversion : implementing a policy initiative". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327276.
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On the tariff of penal sanctions, the police caution is considered as the least punitive, least criminalizing and most efficient way of handling 'less serious' cases at the pre-trial stage. Despite its humanitarian and managerial potential, however, cautioning gives great cause for concern. Research work spanning almost fifty years has systematically demonstrated deeply problematic aspects of the practice, and in the absence of any clear explanation, the discretionary power of the police in cautioning matters has served as a 'bucket theory' of observed discrepancies. This has led to a reformist politics which seeks out ever more sophisticated ways of regulating, standardizing and controlling cautioning discretion. Yet, the problems persist and, in some respects, are worsening. In the light of the explanatory and political bankruptcy of the received wisdom of police cautioning, this thesis seeks to develop an alternative perspective on the practice so that a different politics of reform can be formulated. The thesis takes as its starting point a questioning of the epistemological tenets of both conventional and critical cautioning knowledge, and from this analytical debris an alternative epistemological project is salvaged. This involves, first, a genealogical examination of cautioning practice through which an original question is posed - what kind of policework is this; and second, the development of a theoretical framework based on structurationist principles which re-conceptualizes cautioning discretion as structured and strategic action. Guided by these theoretical and conceptual commitments, an empirical study of cautioning practice in a Southern police force area is undertaken, and centres on a grounded analysis of the implementation of a 'new' prosecution and diversion initiative which aims to resolve cautioning issues through the application of 'rules'. Two key themes are explored through the lens of the implementation process. First, how is cautioning policy and practice constituted as policework and positioned in a common relationship with other forms of policing; and second, what kinds of policing values and ideologies are expressed by and reproduced in cautioning relations. What is proposed, then, is a theory of police cautioning which not only challenges conventional understandings of the practice but points to the need for a political agenda which moves beyond the simple formulation of a rules-discretion approach.
45
Nobles, Matthew Robin. "Contemporary gun policy and policing an analysis of police cadet attitudes toward concealed weapon permitting laws /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011361.
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Lo, Wai-ming Vivian, e 羅慧明. "A review of the effectiveness of the discipline policy of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965349.
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Tomczak, T., A. Daros, K. Tomczyk e K. Cieciura. "Polish energy sector in order to reaching the standings of european union climate and energy policy". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26803.
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Lo, Wai-ming Vivian. "A review of the effectiveness of the discipline policy of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18596071.
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Elias, Osian Harri. "Polisi iaith ymddygiadol?" Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/85cd0050-c1ff-4e64-bfb3-27e425fd9c07.
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Amcan y traethawd hwn yw cyflwyno’r ymagwedd ymddygiadol i faes polisi a chynllunio iaith. Mae’r ymagwedd ymddygiadol i bolisi eisoes wedi cael cryn ddylanwad ar ystod o feysydd polisi ledled y byd, ac yn enwedig yn y Deyrnas Gyfunol. I’r perwyl hwn, mae’r traethawd yn defnyddio’r ymdrechion polisi i adfer y Gymraeg fel enghraifft o bolisi a chynllunio iaith, gan ymchwilio i’r defnydd posib o ymagwedd ymddygiadol i bolisi yn yr ymdrechion hyn. Yn unol â ffocws polisi ymarferol y ddau faes dan sylw, defnyddir tair astudiaeth achos fel sail i ymchwil y traethawd hwn. Y tair astudiaeth achos dan sylw yw Twf, y Prosiect Cefnogi Arferion Iaith, a’r defnydd o system gofrestru ddiofyn igofrestru myfyrwyr Cymraeg eu hiaith ar ddarpariaeth addysg uwch cyfrwng Cymraeg. Ymchwiliwr i’r defnydd posib o ymagwedd ymddygiadol i'r tair ymyrraeth trwy ddefnyddio fframwaith archwiliadol sydd wedi’i gyfansoddi o dair prif thema: y model neu’r ddealltwriaeth o ymddygiad; y defnydd o arfau polisi ymddygiadol; a dulliau gwerthuso a ffyddlondeb gweithredu’r ymyraethau. Mae’r astudiaethau achos yn amlygu bod dealltwriaeth ymddygiadol gynhenid gryf yn ymhlyg yng nghynllun a gweithrediad yr ymyraethau dan sylw. Tuedda’r ddealltwriaeth hwn ddeillio o brofiad o weithio yn y maes, neu ddatblygiad yr ymyrraeth dros gyfnod o amser. Mae’r cyfeiriadau eglur i’r ymagwedd ymddygiadol i bolisi yn brin; ond, ymhle ceir cyfeiriad nid yw’r defnydd o ymagwedd ymddygiadol i bolisi yn gydnaws â’r ymagwedd honno. Cynigia’r gwaith hwn arweiniad posib i ymchwil ac ymarfer, yn y ddau faes. Yn benodol, gwelwn yr angen i osod strwythur i’r defnydd o ymagwedd ymddygiadol i bolisi yn ymdrechion i adfer y Gymraeg ac mae’r defnydd a wnaed eisoes yn cynnig gwersi penodol all arwain at fireinio’r ymagwedd ymddygiadol i bolisi.
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Pitman, Grant Alan, e n/a. "Police Minister and Commissioner Relationships". Griffith University. School of Public Policy, 1998. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030228.140953.
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Australian Police Ministers and Commissioners occupy a pivotal position in the system of law enforcement. Collectively, they are responsible for the general policy, administration and operational direction and control of policing through the Australian States. There has been in the past twenty five years a growing complexity and a variety of problems facing police agencies which are arduous and demanding. Continuing social tension of recent years have given police ministers and commissioners higher public profiles than ever before. The research undertaken in this thesis examines the difficulties experienced between police ministers and commissioners in Queensland and New South Wales from 1970 to 1995. Three models have been developed as a framework to analyse the relationships and how they operate. The three models are called - 'Dependency', 'Independency' and 'Interdependency'. Twenty-one police ministers, commissioners and advisers from Queensland and New South Wales were interviewed during the course of the research. Five separate case studies were developed to analyse and interpret the relationships within the context of the three models. A summary chapter of additional research data provides supporting information which was used to substantiate the case study material. The conclusion argues that relationships operate more effectively when elements of the 'Interdependency' model exist. The need for further debate about the administrative, legal and management elements of the working relationship between a police minister and commissioner is essential to achieve a balance between policy, administration and operational requirements within a modern western democratic policing system.