Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Promenades (Pedestrian areas) – Designs and plans"

Due to the tremendous increase in automobile transportation and heavy pedestrian movements in developing countries, roads are becoming deadlier year by year. It is acknowledged that context specific research on pedestrian-vehicular conflict are urgently needed considering the built environment characteristics. Therefore, this paper aims to (1) redefine pedestrian-vehicular conflict that would enable to explain micro- and macro-built environment-related variables in a particular context, and (2) develop a methodology that could be used in a place where comprehensive data are limitedly available for a spatial analysis. This research redefines pedestrian-vehicular conflict as “the pedestrian contact with potentially harmful vehicular traffic”, rather than accidents. Based on this definition devise a methodology. The primary data collection method adopted to collect causal factors related to spatial data was, photographs. The spatial data were analysed by using QGIS platform. The pedestrian volume models are constructed by a space syntax framework and correlated with a composite choropleth map to get the potential conflicting points. A perception survey was carried out to confirm the spatial analysis. The research findings indicate that the methodology developed can be used to identify built environment factors related risk areas spatially. Consequently, it is possible to fill the research gap by introducing a low-cost, widely applicable, impartial, spatial and perception-based methodology that assesses the built environmental characteristics in relation to pedestrian-vehicular conflict. This research would support the urban planners and designers, allowing them to comprehend the risk related nature of pedestrian-vehicular conflict in their urban planning schemes before intervening with plans and designs

Signalized urban intersections are key components of urban transportation networks. They are traditionally viewed and designed as primarily motorized traffic facilities, and thus their physical and operational designs have traditionally aimed at maximizing traffic throughput subject to constraints dictated by vehicular safety requirements and pedestrian crossing needs. Seen from a holistic viewpoint, urban intersections are hubs or effective centers of community activities of which traffic flow is only one. Those hubs have direct and indirect impacts on the overlapping traffic functionalities, the environment, public health, community wellbeing, and the local economy. This study proposes a new rating system, the Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS), aimed at appraising signalized intersections from a more inclusive viewpoint. This appraisal covers traffic functionality, sustainability, and public health and community wellbeing. This rating system can be used as a guide to conceive, plan, or design new intersections or revamp existing ones. HIRS rates signalized urban intersections based on the level of use of relevant enabling technologies, and the physical and operational designs that allow those intersections to operate holistically, thus leading to a more human-centric and sustainable operational performance. HIRS was validated using a panel of experts in construction, transportation, and public health. The Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to weigh the HIRS features. The rating system was piloted on a sample of 20 intersections in different cities in the UAE. The results revealed glaring gaps in services to or the consideration of pedestrians, cyclists, and nearby households. The sample intersections scored a mean of 32% on the public health and community wellbeing section, 37% on the pedestrian subsection, and 15% on the cyclist subsection. Such relatively low scores serve as indicators of areas for improvements, and if mapped to their specific features and their relative weights, specific physical and operations designs and technology integration can be identified as actionable items for inclusion in plans and/or designs.

PurposeThe purposes of this research were to review, analyze, synthesize and define the principles, indicators and required design elements of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and the potential role of the design of the courtyards in preventing campus violence; to examine the relationships between built environment design and campus violence inside Al al-Bayt University (AABU), Jordan; and to examine to what extent the design of the open public spaces and courtyards inside AABU meet the design principles of the CPTED.Design/methodology/approachThis research used descriptive-analytical approach, semi-structured interviews, archival records and videos to collect the location-based data of violent events and incidents that occurred on the campus of AABU (the locations of students' fights). Additionally, this research used AABU images; plans, spatial analysis, site visits and direct observations to analyze and assess the courtyards’ design and to examine to what extent the design of courtyards and open public spaces in AABU achieve the CPTED indicators, and the availability and the quality of the required design elements of CPTED and their role in violence prevention.FindingsThis research found that environmental-based design plays a major role in reducing crime opportunities and promote positive social behavior. This research found that the indicators to achieve the CPTED principles in all courtyard design inside AABU are very low and all the courtyards’ designs are not complied and conformed to the CPTED principles, and as a result, the design of the courtyards encourages and may facilitate violence in the university campus. It has been found that the availability and the quality of the required CPTED design elements are very low in all courtyards. Therefore, the existing design elements in all courtyards in AABU are not preventing the university violence. The correlation result revealed that there is significant relationship and strong/very strong negative linear association between the numbers of the students' fights and the applying of CPTED principles, indicators and required design elements (r = −0.85).Research limitations/implicationsThe data collected from AABU campus only and a larger study is certainly required to underpin these findings. Therefore, future research is needed to replicate and duplicate this research in order to expand the results.Practical implicationsThis research has implications for designing/redesigning the open public space and courtyards inside universities. This research recommended that redesigning all courtyards and applying the principles of CPTED are necessary to prevent campus violence. Redesigning includes adding landscaping elements, fountains, water features, pedestrian furniture, portrait, setting areas, new modern sculptures, shaded areas, lighting, memorial places, digital screens and cameras. Moreover, this research recommended that the university should pay more attention to continuous control, repair and maintenance to all courtyards after redesigning them. Finally, this research introduced a design proposal for one of the courtyards to apply the CPTED principles that promote positive behavior and prevent campus violence.Originality/valueIn the last few years in Jordan, some of the public and private Jordanian universities suffered from a newly emerging negative phenomenon, which is violence between students inside the campus. Many researchers and governmental institutions have stressed the urgency to explore the social, cultural, behavioral and environmental strategies that may effectively prevent campus violence. Additionally, little attention has been paid to the role of built environmental design in preventing campus violence. Moreover, no research assesses the applying of the CPTED principles and their indicators in courtyards’ design in Jordanian campuses.

This building emerges as a solitary work from obscurity. Its form is a composition of disjointed rooms connected by common themes: frontality, obscurity, artifice, and seclusion.

In the first part, the plan appears as a map of a promenade which is the main ordering device of the building structure.

In the second part, the internal spaces are presented as isolated from each other as is the building from any external reference.

In the sections, which constitute the third part, the building appears as layered facades emerging from planes of strata.
Master of Architecture

Lee Kin Kwok.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1999-2000, design report."
Includes bibliographical references (p. [104]).
Chapter 1. --- Acknowledgements --- p.p. 01
Chapter 2. --- Introduction and Summary --- p.p. 02
Chapter 3. --- Synopsis --- p.p. 03
Chapter 4. --- Existing Stage (Research and Programming) --- p.p. 05
Chapter ´Ø --- Background --- p.p. 06
Chapter ´Ø --- Global Trend --- p.p. 10
Chapter ´Ø --- Hong Kong Situation --- p.p. 12
Chapter ´Ø --- Site Selection --- p.p. 25
Chapter ´Ø --- Site Analysis --- p.p. 33
Chapter 4. --- Future Stage (Project Brief) --- p.p. 43
Chapter ´Ø --- Client and User Profile --- p.p. 44
Chapter ´Ø --- Programming --- p.p. 46
Chapter ´Ø --- Space Program --- p.p. 53
Chapter 5. --- The design process --- p.p. 55
Chapter ´Ø --- Intermediate Design --- p.p. 56
Chapter ´Ø --- Final Design --- p.p. 71
Chapter 6. --- Appendices
Chapter ´Ø --- Precedent Study
Chapter ´Ø --- Site Photos
Chapter ´Ø --- Schedule of Accommodation
Chapter ´Ø --- "Calculations (GFA, Site coverage, plot ratio)"
Chapter ´Ø --- Daily Pedestrian Movement Record
Chapter 7. --- Bibliography

Fong Man Sze, Anny.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2006-2007, design report."
STAGE I
what is introspection? --- p.page 1-18
why introspection? --- p.page 19-21
site interpretation --- p.page 22- 30
how to introduce introspection in architectural design? --- p.page 31-34
other studies --- p.page 35-43
STAGE II
design exploration --- p.page 44- 53
design development --- p.page 54- 67
final presentation --- p.page 68- 78
acknowledgement --- p.page 79

The Calgary stroet-levcl Arcade preceded the Mall as a place of public exchange: During the first half of its history the covered arcade acted as a buffer between the public street and private interior. The arcade extended me.vitality of the city street to the pedestrian. It was shelter from bad weather and vehicles, and a window into another world of consumable items. A shopper could peruse the 'just out of reach' at the Hudson's Bay or wait for a street car under the measured punctuation of the covered arcade. The public nature of the arcade reconciled.the individual to the group. It mediated the transition from the busy street'.to the beckoning shop window. Today merchandising strategies promise to develop a more efficient circle between shopper and commodity. Mall spaces are connected above ground with a maze of raised public walkways. Crisscrossing the original grid of streets at a height of 4.5 meters is the raised "Plus 15 System." Over the last twenty-five years, Calgary has extended one of the largest semi-private systems in the world through it's downtown core. This system replaces the public street with an interior analogy that is neither public nor private. Ground level street-life suffers a slow but definite decline and is not replaced. As the city experiences a period of extreme growth the opportunity arises to remedy the decline of the public realm In the process of development and gentrification a temporary set of urban artifacts becomes visible. The building crane, the site trailer, construction hoarding - this language of urban expansion is as tenable as the "architecture'' of the city itself. This thesis project will invigorate boomtown city growth with a new public architecture. The site is the back lane between 8th and 9th Avenues and Centre and 1st Street in the heart of downtown Calgary. This is one of many blocks yet to complete the Plus 15 labyrinth of public access-ways. Mid-block pedestrian bridges connect the south and east sides of the site with the rest of the city's Plus 15 system. Low-level heritage buildings and Stephen Avenue pedestrian mall wall the north side of the site while the giant Pan Canadian Building dominates the south. Running through the Pan Canadian Building is an existing public right of way. Using current development as a spring board this project will suture the internal world of the Plus 15 to adjacent public and private fragments of the city. A steel "Frame" will accompany the current developer scheme for a hotel high-rise on the site. This frame reconciles the horizontal dimension of the original property width of Stephen Avenue Mall and the new vertical layering of the "floorplate skyscraper." Inserted into this ordered web is a temporary housing system of pre-built trailer boxes - - an appropriation of the familiar objects of construction: The ATCO trailer, construction hoarding and a "take-apart" kit of frame components provide a fertile base for the growth of the public "tube". They furnish a temporary architecture while the new public walkway asserts its presence.

Cheung Nga Wun, Mimi.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2010-2011, design report."
Includes bibliographical references.
ABSTRACT
Aim
To experiment an alternative model to accommodate residential and commercial programme in Hong Kong dense district
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Existing Scenerio
Chapter I. --- Shopping Centre as Public Place
Chapter II. --- Segregation of Public and Private Programme
Chapter III. --- Intimacy of Public Space
Definition of Podium Structure
Reflection on Precedent Study --- p.P.8-P.13
Chapter 1. --- Shinonome Canal Court
Chapter 2. --- Linked Hybrid
RESEARCH
Theory on In-between Space --- p.P. 16- P. 17
Review on Sejima's theory on in-between space as a medium to connect inside and outside; different programmes.
General View of Podium in North Point --- p.P. 18 - P.25
A brief history of podium strcuture in Hong Kong and study how different quality of space evoluted with time.
Urban In-between Study --- p.P.28 - P.39
Road Junction
Building In-between Study --- p.P42 - P.57
Understanding formal Creation of In-between Space AND Definition of Boundary of In-between Space
EARLY DESIGN TRIAL
Site Analysis
North Point is selected as potential site.
Design Strategy --- p.P.61 - P.63
Breaking down existing podium-type massing to formulate new model of commercial and residential. New in-between spatial quality is the main focus to accommodate social life within the building.

Wong Wai Kit, Yel.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2010-2011, design report."
Includes bibliographical references.
chapter 1
Chapter - --- statement
Chapter - --- thesis
chapter 2
Chapter - --- theoretical issue
chapter 3
Chapter - --- analysis
chapter 4
Chapter - --- case studies
Chapter 5
Chapter - --- Cinemotic experience
chapter 6
Chapter - --- Site
Chapter 7
Chapter - --- Design