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1
Wuyts, Shirley Lynne. "SAR processing using PVM". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21763.
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Bibliography: pages 120-121.This thesis explores various methods of using PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) to improve the speed of processing a SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image. A network of heterogeneous machines were set up as the basis of the parallel virtual machine. SAR processing software was written for testing the PVM. The software performed simplified range and azimuth compression on simulated SAR images of a point target The theory and results were examined as part of the thesis. Complications such as range curvature, range migration and range dependent focusing were not addressed.
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Kazakauskaitė, Ieva. "Teisė į PVM atskaitą kaip fundamentalus PVM principas: praktinės šios teisės realizavimo problemos Lietuvoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20101125_183238-74870.
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Pridėtinės vertės mokestis (toliau PVM) – mokestis imamas nuo papildomai sukurtos pridėtinės vertės, juo apmokestinant prekių tiekimą ir paslaugų teikimą. Pirmą kartą PVM įvestas Prancūzijoje 1957 m., tačiau galutinis šio mokesčio teisinis sureguliavimas siejamas su 1977 m. gegužės 17 d. priimta Šeštąja Tarybos direktyva. Lietuvoje nagrinėjamą mokestį reglamentuoja Lietuvos Respublikos pridėtinės vertės mokesčio įstatymas, kuris yra visiškai suderintas su Europos Sąjungos teisės aktais PVM srityje. PVM yra bendro pobūdžio, vartojimo, netiesioginis, daugiapakopis mokestis, renkamas atsižvelgiant į sukurtą pridėtinę vertę. Į valstybės biudžetą PVM turi pervesti mokesčio mokėtojai – prekybos ir tiekimų grandinės dalyviai, tačiau faktiškai šį mokestį sumoka galutinis vartotojas, įsigydamas prekę ar paslaugą. Teisė į PVM atskaitą yra fundamentalus PVM principas, kuriuo grindžiamas visas PVM veikimo mechanizmas. PVM, sumokėtas visuose civilinės apyvartos etapuose, iki galutinio prekės ar paslaugos pardavimo turi būti atskaitomas. Apmokestinant prekių ar paslaugų teikimą kiekvienoje civilinės apyvartos stadijoje ir uždraudus atskaitą, sukurta pridėtinė vertė būtų apmokestinama ne vieną, o gal ir daugiau kartų. Teisės į PVM atskaitą insituto pagalba mokestinė našta iš ekonominę veiklą vykdančių asmenų sektoriaus yra perkeliama į vartojimo sektorių, taip įgyvendinant fiskalinio neutralumo principą ir užtikrinant gamybos ir tiekimų grandinėje dalyvaujančių subjektų lygybę ir sąžiningą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Value-Added Tax (VAT) is a tax on the supply of goods and services. VAT was introduced in France on 1957. When the Sixth VAT Directive was adopted in 1977, the final adjustment and harmonization of VAT was reached. In the Republic of Lithuania there is a Value-Added Tax law, which is harmonized with the European Union acts. VAT is an indirect, common, multi-stage, consumption tax. The taxable person have to pay VAT in the national budget for the value, which was created in the production and distribution process. VAT is levied upon the articles of trade before they reach the customer, who eventually pays the tax-inclusive market price. Actually the VAT is pied by the final customer. The right to deduct VAT is the fundamental principle of VAT. All VAT working mechanism is based on this right to deduct. VAT, pied at all stages of production and distribution, have to be deducted by the business participants of the supply-chain. This institute – right to deduct VAT – helps to reach the situation that the payer of the VAT does not suffer a tax, because the final consumer, who is unable to deduct this tax, bears the total VAT. Consequently the fiscal neutrality and fair competition of business participants in the supply-chain is assured. The taxable person, who wants to implement his right to deduct VAT, has to meet the requirements: to do real acts of purchase and sale, formalize it in the invoice or any other accounting document, to be honest and not to abuse the tax laws. The... [to full text]
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Laucius, Gediminas. "Teisės į PVM ataskaitą ir prievolės registruotis PVM mokėtoju santykis pridėtinės vertės mokesčio raidos kontekste". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20100224_104841-25561.
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Pridėtinės vertės mokestį yra įsivedusios apie 150 pasaulio valstybių, jis sudaro reikšmingą valstybių biudžeto pajamų dalį (statistiškai apie penktadalį). Pagrindinėmis priežastimis, nulėmusiomis beprecedentį PVM populiarumą ir sparčią mokesčio integraciją į daugumos pasaulio valstybių mokestines sistemas, laikomi reikšmingi alternatyvių netiesioginių apyvartos mokesčių sisteminiai trūkumai, kurių PVM neturi. Pridėtinės vertės mokesčio unikalumas ir pranašumas prieš kitus apyvartos mokesčius slypi pirkimo PVM atskaitos mechanizme, sudarančiame sąlygas apmokestinti tik kiekvienoje iš prekių ir paslaugų paskirstymo grandžių sukurtą pridėtinę vertę. Todėl, siekiant, kad PVM funkcionuotų efektyviai ir sugebėtų išlikti neutraliu apyvartos mokesčiu, yra labai svarbu, kad pirkimo PVM atskaita apmokestinamiesiems asmenims būtų arba visai neribojama, arba ribojama tik išimtiniais atvejais ir tik proporcingai tokiu ribojimu siekiamiems tikslams.
Dėl šios priežasties magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama problema, ar pagrįstai Lietuvos PVM įstatymo nuostatos, suteikiančios teisę į PVM atskaitą tik PVM mokėtojams, riboja apmokestinamųjų asmenų teisę į pirkimo PVM, patirto ir sunaudoto apmokestinamoje veikloje iki registracijos PVM mokėtoju, atskaitą.
Kaip pradinė išeities pozicija iškeliama hipotezė, kad galbūt Lietuvos Respublikos PVM įstatymo nuostatos, ribojančios apmokestinamojo asmens teisę į iki įsiregistravimo PVM mokėtoju patirtą pirkimo PVM, netinkamai įgyvendina 2006/112/EB... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Approximately 150 countries of the world have already introduced the value added tax in their tax systems. Value added tax compose a significant portion of the income of the revenue of these states’ (statistically one fifth). As the main reasons which determined the unprecedented popularity of VAT and its rapid integration into the tax systems of the most countries of the world are recognized the meaningful disadvantages of the alternative turnover tax systems, which are not typical to the systems of VAT. The uniqueness of value added tax and its advantage over the other turnover taxes lies in the mechanism of input VAT deduction. Certain mechanism allows to charge only the value added created in the stages of distribution (no cascade effect emerges). Therefore in order for VAT to operate effectively and to remain neutral, it is particularly important that taxable persons’ right to input VAT deduction is either not restricted at all, or if restricted then only in exceptional cases and only in the strict proportionality with the objectives in purpose. For the above reasons we examine the problem whether the provisions of the Lithuanian Law on VAT which entitle solely the VAT payers with the right to VAT deduction legitimately restrict the taxable persons’ right to deduct input VAT incurred and absorbed in the taxable activity prior the registration as VAT payer. As the initial starting position we hypothesize that conceivably the provisions of the Lithuanian Law on VAT... [to full text]
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Bučelytė, Odeta. "Mokestinių ginčų dėl PVM teisinė analizė Lietuvoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130626_182624-02849.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe atlikta teisinė analizė mokestinių ginčų dėl PVM atžvilgiu bei iškeltos problemos ir pateiktos išvados dėl PVM reglamentavimo Lietuvoje ir jo atitikimo šiandienos aktualijoms, kadangi būtent dėl PVM kyla daugiausia mokestinių ginčų. Teisinė analizė atlikta pasinaudojus egzistuojančia mokestinio ginčo nagrinėjimo struktūra, t.y. ikiteismine bei teismine stadijomis. Minėta analizė atlikta mokestinius ginčus dėl PVM suskirsčius į tris rūšis: ginčus dėl PVM atskaitos; ginčus dėl PVM atskaitos tikslinimo; ginčus dėl lengvatinio 0 PVM tarifo taikymo. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu nagrinėjama mokestinio ginčo samprata, mokestinio ginčo stadijos, mokestinius ginčus nagrinėjančių institucijų reikšmė. Antroje darbo dalyje aptariami pagrindiniai PVM elementai, PVM reglamentavimas ir PVM reikšmė Lietuvoje. Trečioje darbo dalyje pateikiama mokestinių ginčų statistika 2010 metams, bei atliekama teisinė analizė mokestinių ginčų dėl PVM Lietuvoje atžvilgiu.In a final master‘s work, there is presented a legal analysis of fee disputes due to VAT. There are revealed the problems and given the conclusions due to regulation of VAT in Lithuania too. Exactly for this reason of VAT, rise many disputes of the fees. The juridical analysis was accomplished using the research structure of existing taxable disputes, it means: pre-juridical and juridical stage. In the first part of the work there is written about the concept of the taxable disputes in a theoretical aspect, their stages and the importance of pending institutions. In the second part there are disputed the main elements of VAT, its regualation and importance in Lithuania.
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Konuru, Ravindranath Bala. "A migratable user-level process package for PVM /". Full text open access at:, 1995. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,633.
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Farias, Denilson Atilio Godry. "Paralelização da Técnica Branch and Bound com PVM". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/25089.
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Resumo: Este trabalho aborda a implementação paralela da técnica Branch-and-Bound em problemas de otimização combinatoria, especificamente busca em grafos. E utilizado na implementação o modelo de programação paralela por troca de mensagens com o uso da biblioteca Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) sobre o sistema operacional Linux em uma arquitetura multicomputador. E analisado o comportamento da técnica Branch-and-Bound, em particular a relação entre (a) três critérios de busca, (b) a utilização dos recursos de memória e (c) granularidade de, processamento e comunicação entre processos. E proposto um esquema de implementação com processos mestre-escravos semi-distribuído, onde o processo mestre é responsável pela distribuição de tarefas e os processos escravos pela disseminação de resultados parciais no sistema. Resultados experimentais dessa implementação são exibidos e analisados, assim como algumas características relevantes ao desempenho global encontradas no uso da biblioteca PVM para esta arquitetura. De um modo geral obtivemos em média para os problemas investigados uma eficiência da execução paralela da ordem de 98% em comparação à execução serial.
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mehmood, Saad. "Design and Development of an impeller for 100% PVM : Design and Development of an impeller for 100% PVM for Radinn Hydro Jet". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Konstruktion och produktutveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50568.
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This project aims to design and develop hydro jet which is integrated to Electric motor, whichis limited to run at 70% PWM. Which limits the efficiency of the system, to make an efficientsystem, hydro jet parameters are not defined which are desired to be defined by design fourimpellors for basic Radinn G2x Jet Pack design. The impellors will be four expected points inHydro Jet and final impellor is assumed to lie between these design points, to find the finalspecifications of the hydro jet, the hydro jet will be designed, using computational fluiddynamics they will be analysed. After analysis, they will be manufactured and tested in poolfacility where MGM controller will be used to measure the numerical data from electric circuitwhich powers the system to analyse the performance parameters to finalize the validity of 100% PWM. Microsoft Excel is used to calculate the Hydro Jet Geometric parameters, which areused in Solid Works, where parametric modelling is used to design impellors based ongeometric parameters calculated in Excel. Using Computational fluid dynamics hydro jetperformance is simulated and analysed. To validate the design further, prototypes aremanufactured and tested using workshop pool testing facility using MGM software. As a result,four hydro jet points are calculated, analysed and tested, four pumps are designed for specificflow rate, velocity and torque is calculated for four hydro jets. They are calculated and verifiedusing computational fluid dynamics, as a result flow rate, velocity and torques are calculatedfor all four hydro jets. Four impellors are manufactured and then tested in Radinn work shopand as a result current, power and rpm of the hydro jets are measured using MGM software.From power, rpm and current the torque can be calculated, while rpm is compared againstpredicted computational fluid dynamics results. The results from this project is limited toRadinn G2x jet pack, motor and other parts of the hydro jet’s Jet pack are standard parts
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Hanashi, Salah. "System-level fault diagnosis in the distributed PVM environment". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ31581.pdf.
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Santos, Aldri Luiz dos. "Avaliação de desempenho da comunicação com PVM em ambiente Linux". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/24755.
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Žilinskaitė, Nendrė. "Pridėtinės vertės mokesčio reglamentavimas ES". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090908_194104-26111.
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Magistro darbe „PVM reglamentavimas ES“ pirmiausia glaustai aptarti ES teisės instrumentai, jų esmė ir reikšmė PVM reglamentavimui. Stengiamasi atskleisti PVM harmonizavimo procesą, jo istorinę eigą, tikslus, kadangi tolesnė PVM reglamentavimo analizė, neaptarus ES teisės aktų PVM srityje derinimo, būtų neįmanoma. Detaliausiai nagrinėjamas bene reikšmingiausias šio proceso rezultatas – 2006/112/EB direktyva dėl PVM bendros sistemos, kuria nauja redakcija išdėstyta PVM Šeštoji direktyva. Ši direktyva analizuojama ETT praktikos kontekste. Aptariamas PVM objektas, apmokestinamasis asmuo, apmokestinamieji sandoriai, apmokestinamųjų sandorių vieta, apmokestinamųjų sandorių vietos reglamentavimas elektroninės komercijos kontekste, apmokestinimo momentas, apmokestinamoji vertė, tarifų dydis ir struktūra, PVM atskaita. Išskirtinis dėmesys darbe skiriamas leidžiančių nukrypti nuostatų analizei, sukčiavimo PVM problemai, valstybių narių bendradarbiavimo PVM srityje reglamentavimui. Šiais konkrečiais aspektais apibrėžiama magistrinio darbo tyrimo erdvė. Apibendrinant PVM reglamentavimo apžvalgą, išskirtos PVM reglamentavimo tendencijos, PVM derinimo strategija. Stengiamasi atskleisti reikšmę ir ryšį ES teisės normų, skirtų kovai su sukčiavimu bei jo prevencijai, ir normų skirtų valstybių bendradarbiavimui. Leidžiančios nukrypti nuostatos analizuojamos, kaip reguliavimas, turintis tiek neigiamą, tiek teigiamą aspektus. ES valstybių narių nacionaliniai teisės aktai nagrinėjami gana... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]First of all, in this master work “Legal regulation of the Value Added Tax in the Eu” there are briefly described legal instruments which are used in EU for legal regulation of VAT. Purpose and effect of these instruments concerning legal regulation of the VAT in EU are discussed. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the process of harmonization of VAT, history of this process, and results. Further evaluation of legal regulation of VAT would not be possible without analyzing VAT harmonization. Mostly, attention is paid to very important result of harmonization – Council Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax, which is a new edition of Sixth Council Directive 77/388/EEC of 17 May 1977 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to turnover taxes - Common system of value added tax: uniform basis of assessment. This directive is analyzed in the context of case-law of the European Court of Justice. Territorial scope, taxable persons, taxable transactions, place of taxable transactions, e-commerce concerning place of transaction, chargeable event and chargeability of taxable amount, rates, and deductions are the aspects analyzed. Special attention is paid to analysis of derogations, VAT fraud problem, and cooperation of EU member states in regulation of VAT administration process. Area of this work is defined by mentioned aspects. The tendencies of VAT legal regulations and the strategy of VAT harmonization are described. The... [to full text]
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Silva, Flavio Arnaldo Braga da. "Balanceamento de Carga em Ambientes Paralelos Virtuais com Aplicações no PVM-W95". Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-20032018-083758/.
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Esta dissertação de mestrado aborda o problema de balanceamento de carga em ambientes paralelos virtuais, com aplicações desenvolvidas em PVM-W95. São considerados no desenvolvimento deste trabalho algoritmos de balanceamento estáticos e dinâmicos, incluindo métodos de distribuição e de migração de tarefas. O trabalho apresenta uma vasta revisão bibliográfica que cobre os principais métodos e algoritmos de balanceamento de cargas em ambientes distribuídos e paralelos, propostos nos últimos anos. Os métodos e algoritmos relevantes para o domínio de aplicação considerado são cuidadosamente investigados. Os algoritmos estudados são implementados como parte dos programas de aplicação e o estudo desenvolvido abrange fundamentalmente programas com alto processamento numérico. Os resultados obtidos mostram claramente que o método gradiente e os algoritmos globais são os mais eficientes para os programas aplicativos desenvolvidos e para o ambiente paralelo virtual adotado.This MSc dissertation approaches the load balancing problem in parallel virtual environments, with applications developed in the PVM-W95. Static and Dynamic load balancing algorithms are considered in the developement of this work, including methods for both task distribution and task migration. The work shows a wide literature review covering the main methods and algorithms for load balancing in distributed and parallel environments, proposed over the last few years. The relevant methods and algorithms for the application domain considered are carefully investigated. The algorithms studied are implemented inbeded into the application programs and the study developed mainly covers programs with high numerical processing tasks. The results obtained clearly shows that the gradient method and the global algorithms are the more efficient ones for the application programs developed and for the parallel virtual environment adopted.
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Laverty, Thomas Patrick Edward. "The physiochemical characterisation of novel bioadhesive viscoelastic systems based on PVM/MA". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517387.
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Mtshali, Progress Q. T. "Minimizing Parallel Virtual Machine [PVM] Tasks Execution Times Through Optimal Host Assignments". NSUWorks, 2000. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/740.
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PVM is a message passing system that is designed to run parallel programs across a network of workstations. Its default scheduler uses the round-robin scheduling algorithm to assign tasks to hosts on the virtual machine. This task assignment strategy is deficient when it comes to a network of heterogeneous workstations. Heterogeneity could be software related, hardware related or both. The default scheduler does not attempt to assign a PVM task to a node within the virtual machine that best services the PVM task. The problem with this allocation scheme is that resource requirements for each task that must be assigned to a computer vary. The default scheduler could assign a computation intensive parallel task to a computer that has a slow central processing unit (CPU) thus taking longer to execute the task to completion (Ju and Wang, 1996). It is also possible that a communication bound process is assigned to a computer with very low bandwidth. The scheduler needs to assign tasks to computers in such a way that tasks are assigned to computers that will fulfill the resource requirements of a given task: schedule and balance the work load in such a way that the overall execution time is minimized. In this dissertation, a stochastic task assignment method was developed that not only takes into account the heterogeneity of the hosts but also utilizes state information for the tasks to be assigned, and hosts onto which they are assigned. Task assignment methods that exist today, such as used in Condor, PvmJobs, CROP, and Matchmaker tend to be designed for a homogenous environment using the UNIX operating system or its variants. They also tend to use operating system data structures that are sometimes not common across most architectures. This makes it difficult to port them to other architectures. The task assignment method that was developed in this dissertation was initially implemented across a PVM environment consisting of a network of Win32® architecture, Linux architecture, and Sun Solaris architecture. A portable prototype implementation that runs across these architectures was developed. A simulator based on the CSIMIS toolkit was developed and utilized to study the behavior of the M/G/I queueing model on which the task assignment is based.
Four PVM programs were run on a PVM environment that consisted of six nodes. The run-times of these progran1s were measured for both the default scheduler and the method proposed in this dissertation. The analysis of the run-times suggests that the proposed task assignment method works better for PVM programs that are CPU intensive than those that are small and do not require a lot of CPU time. The reason for this behavior can be attributed to high overheard that is required to compute the task assignment probabilities for all the hosts in the PVM environment. However, the proposed method appears to minimize execution times for the CPU intensive tasks. The ease with which external resource managers in the PVM environment can be incorporated into the PVM environment at run-time makes this proposed method an alternative to the default scheduler. More work needs to be done before the results that were obtained from this dissertation could be generalized, if at all possible, across the board. A number of recommendations on the reduction of overheard are specified at the end of this report.
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Osman, Taha Mohammed. "FADI : a fault-tolerant environment for distributed processing systems". Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388867.
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Salazar, Araque Victor Manuel. "Paralelização de ajuste de historicos de produção em rede de estações usando PVM". [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264658.
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Orientador: Denis Jose SchiozerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T23:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SalazarAraque_VictorManuel_M.pdf: 423306 bytes, checksum: b3c22f2d864d65cc027136606126633d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995
Mestrado
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Machado, Augusto Andre Vieira. "Analise de sensibilidade aplicada a ajuste de historico de produção usando o PVM". [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264745.
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Orientador: Denis Jose SchiozerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T16:48:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_AugustoAndreVieira_M.pdf: 811707 bytes, checksum: 252a64a33a0c97a5481d777c70f9fbe2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997
Mestrado
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Lopes, Patrícia Margarida Roque. "Ilustrar Adília Lopes: pim pam pum, ouro em jejum". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16309.
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A proposta deste trabalho concentra-se na exploração estética de caráter ilustrativo, do
livro de poesia A Bela Acordada da poetisa Adília Lopes. Parte-se, assim, de uma
reflexão interpretativa sobre a autora e a sua obra, passando pela análise de alguns
modelos simbólicos presentes na sua expressão poética, ponderando ainda nos novos
paradigmas a que o novo milénio e a sua sociedade de imagem/consumo, conduzem.
Nesse sentido, são exploradas e representadas possibilidades pictóricas que, num registo
ilustrativo, se adequam ao mundo alegórico para o qual a autora nos remete em A Bela
Acordada. Representações, que renascem dos contos de fadas e histórias de natureza
fabular ou mítica, projetadas agora para uma sociedade contemporânea; ABSTRACT: The purpose of this work focus on the aesthetics exploration of the illustrative character
of the poetry book The awaken Beauty, from the poetess Adília Lopes. It begins with an
interpretative reflection about the author and its work, by analyzing some of its symbolic
patterns, of hers poetic expression, considering also the new patterns, which the new
millennium and its consumption society leads us to.
In that kind of sense the pictorials possibilities are represented and explored, in an
illustrative way, that adjusts to the allegoric world, for which the author sends us in The
Awaken Beauty.
Representations that are born again from the fairy tales and the mythical or fable stories,
projected now for Contemporary Society.
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ERAZO, ENRIQUE VINICIO CARRERA. "IMPLEMENTATION OF A METHODOLOGY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONFIGURABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS ON THE PVM PLATFORM". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1996. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14258@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA presente dissertação descreve as características mais relevantes encontradas na metodologia de construção de software implementada pelo ambiente P-RIO. Este ambiente foi construído sobre a plataforma PVM, visando reunir em um só sistema as abstrações de alto nível para a modularização, paralelização e configuração gráfica de aplicações, e a portabilidade oferecida pela máquina virtual. A metodologia proposta facilita a reutilização do software e a manutenção de sistemas, permitindo maior eficiência no processo de desenvolvimento de aplicações distribuídas e paralelas. Além disso, o suporte à operação oferecido por P-RIO permite que usuários, sem um grande treinamento prévio, possam criar sistemas computacionais relativamente complexos. A implementação do ambiente inclui uma interface gráfica e uma linguagem de configuração integradas ao sistema, que provêem facilidades para a construção, depuração e gerenciamento de aplicações. São apresentados, também, alguns exemplos de aplicações que utilizam a metodologia P-Rio.
This dissertation describes the most relevant characteristics of the software construction methodology implemented by the P-RIO environment. This environment was built on the PVM platform, attempting to combine in a single system the high-level facilities for modularity, parallelization and graphic configuration of applications, and the portability offered by the virtual machine. The proposed methodology simplifies software maintenance, improving efficiency in the development process of distributed and parallel applications. Besides, the operation support offered by P-RIO allows users, with little training, to build relatively complex computational systems. The environment implementation includes a graphic interface and a configuration language, integrated to the system, that provide facilities for construction, debugging, and management of applications. Several examples of applications based on the P-RIO methodology are also presented.
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Vargas, Cuervo Carlos Herman. "Otimização do calculo de parametros no processo de ajuste de historicos de produção usando PVM". [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264718.
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Orientador: Denis Jose SchiozerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T10:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VargasCuervo_CarlosHerman_M.pdf: 997903 bytes, checksum: f57f08714783491a870a9ec5929a807f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997
Mestrado
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Budzinskaitė, Jolanta. "Lengvatinių pridėtinės vertės mokesčio tarifų taikymo tikslingumo analizė". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080207_140139-43443.
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Šiuo metu Lietuvoje gana aktualus lengvatinių PVM tarifų taikymo klausimas. Lengvatinių PVM tarifų poveikis prekių/paslaugų kainai, jų paklausai, naujų darbo vietų kūrimui, valstybės pajamoms – aktuali tema ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir visoje Europos Sąjungoje. Tai įrodo vis gausėjantys ekonomistų straipsniai mokslo leidiniuose, įvairių institucijų atliekamos PVM lengvatų poveikio analizės. Be to, lengvatinio PVM tarifo taikymo tikslingumas – dažnas visuomenės diskusijų ir žiniasklaidos susidomėjimo objektas.
Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti ir įvertinti lengvatinių pridėtinės vertės mokesčio tarifų taikymo tikslingumą, atliekant analizę. Darbo objektas – lengvatinių pridėtinės vertės mokesčio tarifų taikymas Lietuvoje ir Europos Sąjungoje bei jų poveikis ekonomikai. Darbo tikslui pasiekti buvo iškelti tokie uždaviniai: apibūdinti pridėtinės vertės mokestį, nustatant jo vietą mokesčių sistemoje ir aptariant jo reikšmingumą šalies biudžetui; išanalizuoti pagrindinius teisės aktus, reglamentuojančius pridėtinės vertės mokesčio taikymą Lietuvoje ir Europos Sąjungoje, bei išanalizuoti lengvatinių pridėtinės vertės mokesčio tarifų taikymo reglamentavimą Europos Sąjungoje ir Lietuvoje; išanalizuoti lengvatinių pridėtinės vertės mokesčio tarifų kaitą Lietuvoje; palyginti Lietuvoje ir kitose Europos Sąjungos valstybėse narėse taikomų lengvatinių pridėtinės vertės mokesčio tarifų dydžius ir jais apmokestinamų prekių/paslaugų grupes; palyginti pardavimų, apmokestinamų lengvatiniais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The effect of the value added tax decrease (VAT) on prices, inquiry, employment and public revenue is subjected regularly to the intensive debate not only in Lithuania, but also in the whole European Union (EU). The importance of reduced VAT effect shows growing number of economic articles, also the application of the reduced VAT is a frequent discussion object in the society and in the media. The goal of the work is to analyze the importance of the application of the reduced VAT sentences. The object of the work is the economic effects of the application of the reduced VAT sentences in Lithuania and in the European Union. To reach a purpose of the work, such tasks are issued: To define VAT and to explain its importance; to analyze the most important VAT laws; to analyze the alternation of the reduced VAT sentences in Lithuania; to compare the reduced VAT sentences in Lithuania and in the EU; to compare the categories of goods and services which are taxed on the VAT sentence in the EU; to compare the interest of the base of the reduced price in the EU; to explain the purposes of the VAT decrease; to analyze the price effects, production effects and occupation effects of VAT decrease; to overlook views of different institutions. In the work such working methods are applied: Analysis of the juridical documents and the nonfiction literature; contents analysis; analysis of the statistical information; Comparative analysis and a review of the electronic data base. Work hypothesis... [to full text]
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Hobbs, Michael J., e mikewood@deakin edu au. "The management of SPMD based parallel processing on clusters of workstations". Deakin University. School of Computing and Mathematics, 1998. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051202.083729.
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Current attempts to manage parallel applications on Clusters of Workstations (COWs) have either generally followed the parallel execution environment approach or been extensions to existing network operating systems, both of which do not provide complete or satisfactory solutions. The efficient and transparent management of parallelism within the COW environment requires enhanced methods of process instantiation, mapping of parallel process to workstations, maintenance of process relationships, process communication facilities, and process coordination mechanisms.
The aim of this research is to synthesise, design, develop and experimentally study a system capable of efficiently and transparently managing SPMD parallelism on a COW. This system should both improve the performance of SPMD based parallel programs and relieve the programmer from the involvement into parallelism management in order to allow them to concentrate on application programming. It is also the aim of this research to show that such a system, to achieve these objectives, is best achieved by adding new special services and exploiting the existing services of a client/server and microkernel based distributed operating system. To achieve these goals the research methods of the experimental computer science should be employed.
In order to specify the scope of this project, this work investigated the issues related to parallel processing on COWs and surveyed a number of relevant systems including PVM, NOW and MOSIX. It was shown that although the MOSIX system provide a number of good services related to parallelism management, none of the system forms a complete solution. The problems identified with these systems include: instantiation services that are not suited to parallel processing; duplication of services between the parallelism management environment and the operating system; and poor levels of transparency.
A high performance and transparent system capable of managing the execution of SPMD parallel applications was synthesised and the specific services of process instantiation, process mapping and process interaction detailed. The process instantiation service designed here provides the capability to instantiate parallel processes using either creation or duplication methods and also supports multiple and group based instantiation which is specifically design for SPMD parallel processing. The process mapping service provides the combination of process allocation and dynamic load balancing to ensure the load of a COW remains balanced not only at the time a parallel program is initialised but also during the execution of the program. The process interaction service guarantees to maintain transparently process relationships, communications and coordination services between parallel processes regardless of their location within the COW. The combination of these services provides an original architecture and organisation of a system that is capable of fully managing the execution of SPMD parallel applications on a COW.
A logical design of a parallelism management system was developed derived from the synthesised system and was shown that it should ideally be based on a distributed operating system employing the client server model. The client/server based distributed operating system provides the level of transparency, modularity and flexibility necessary for a complete parallelism management system. The services identified in the synthesised system have been mapped to a set of server processes including: Process Instantiation Server providing advanced multiple and group based process creation and duplication; Process Mapping Server combining load collection, process allocation and dynamic load balancing services; and Process Interaction Server providing transparent interprocess communication and coordination. A Process Migration Server was also identified as vital to support both the instantiation and mapping servers.
The RHODOS client/server and microkernel based distributed operating system was selected to carry out research into the detailed design and to be used for the implementation this parallelism management system. RHODOS was enhanced to provide the required servers and resulted in the development of the REX Manager, Global Scheduler and Process Migration Manager to provide the services of process instantiation, mapping and migration, respectively. The process interaction services
were already provided within RHODOS and only required some extensions to the existing Process Manager and IPC Managers.
Through a variety of experiments it was shown that when this system was used to support the execution of SPMD parallel applications the overall execution times were improved, especially when multiple and group based instantiation services are employed. The RHODOS PMS was also shown to greatly reduce the programming burden experienced by users when writing SPMD parallel applications by providing a small set of powerful primitives specially designed to support parallel processing. The system was also shown to be applicable and has been used in a variety of other research areas such as Distributed Shared Memory, Parallelising Compilers and assisting the port of PVM to the RHODOS system.
The RHODOS Parallelism Management System (PMS) provides a unique and creative solution to the problem of transparently and efficiently controlling the execution of SPMD parallel applications on COWs. Combining advanced services such as multiple and group based process creation and duplication; combined process allocation and dynamic load balancing; and complete COW wide transparency produces a totally new system that addresses many of the problems not addressed in other systems.
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Poorkiany, Morteza. "Enabling traceability of design rationale using the concept of product family description (PFD)". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16421.
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This thesis work is based on the previous researches in design automation at Sandvik Coromant. The concept of product family description (PFD) has been introduced to the company to improve documentation of knowledge in engineering design process. Current documentation at the company for engineering design covers mostly the design definition part of the knowledge. PFD is constituted by design definition and completed by design rationale. This kind of documentation improves reusing, revising and expanding the knowledge at the company. On the other side, PFD is an input for design programming and a good engineering design description for a product provides more efficiency in design programming. The project is started by a survey for several principles and applications for knowledge modelling. Product variant master (PVM) and Semantic MediaWiki are selected by the results of the survey. To show the concept of PVM, modelling of a test product is done in product model manager (PMM) software. The main part of the project is setting up product family description (PFD) by capturing design rationale for the test product, implementing in Semantic MediaWiki. Since the design rationale is not documented, it was recorded during several meetings with the designer of the test product. The description is completed by including the argumentations about the rules, figures, dimensions and etc. Also in the project has been tried to improve and revise the description to make it more simple and efficient. Another objective of the project is to show Semantic MediaWiki as a candidate application for modelling knowledge at the company. In this step the applicability and functionality of both PFD and Semantic MediaWiki is seen. In the next stage the project findings and company documentation are evaluated. In this step has been tried to show the pros and cons of the project. The emphasis of the evaluation is on PFD and the alternative application. In the end a conclusion of the whole methods and findings of the project comes with discussion with people who were involved in this work.
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Alrashidi, Malek. "Making the invisible visible in constructionist learning tasks : an explanation framework based on a Pedagogical Virtual Machine (PVM)". Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20356/.
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In today’s digital world, the use of diverse interconnected physical computer based devices, typified by the Internet-of-Things, has increased, leaving their internal functionalities hidden from people. In education, these hidden computational processes leave learners with s vagueness that obscures how these physical devices function and communicate in order to produce the high-level behaviours and actions they observe. The current approach to revealing these hidden worlds involves the use of debugging tools, visualisation, simulation, or augmented-reality views. Even when such advanced technologies are utilised they fail to construct a meaningful view of the hidden worlds that relate to the learning context, leaving learners with formidable challenges to understand the operation of these deep technologies. In working towards a solution to this challenge, this thesis combines computing and pedagogical models in a novel way to improve learning and teaching of computer science. This framework (a combination of computational and pedagogical models) is the core contribution of my thesis and has been given the name a Pedagogical Virtual Machine or PVM). It aims to extract learning-related information from the underlying computers that make up the education focus by providing a layered analysis of the technical and pedagogical processes that interact together for any given learning activity (in the context of learning about embedded computing). It adopts an object-oriented perspective that deconstructs computation and learning into objects, while taking inspiration from the Java Virtual Machine ideas, thereby building on existing paradigms of 'learning objects', 'object oriented programming' and virtual machines. In this way it addresses the challenge of linking both computing and learning activities in a standardised way across a multiplicity of computing and learning environments. The use of augmented reality (AR), and its ability to reveal deep technologies, further improves the effectiveness of the PVM framework introduced above by superimposing data, in real-time, concerning the invisible computational processes being explored by the learners. Applications that learners and developers might use this PVM tool for are typified by topics such as the Internet of Things, pervasive computing and robotics. The study presented in this thesis is based on the latter, robotics. The learning effectiveness of an AR based PVM approach was evaluated in two educational experiments that concerned students learning to program a desk-based robot (which was used as an example of an embedded-computer). The two experiments were conducted with computer-science students from the University of Essex and differed in the level of complexity. The results showed that PVM with AR significantly improved the students’ learning achievement and performance than those who used traditional learning environments. In addition, the PVM with AR made a positive difference to students learning experience, supporting the use of PVM with AR in educational activities that involved dealing with abstract technologies.
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Descamps, Gilles-Eric. "Méthode de distribution hiérarchique d'outils de vérification de circuits intégrés VLSI sur un réseau de stations de travail : application à un vérificateur de règles de dessin". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066808.
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Vitkus, Laimonas. "Registracija pridėtinės vertės mokesčio mokėtojais Lietuvoje: sąlygos ir kontrolės mechanizmas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20061213_123155-28398.
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This work analyzes the legal regulation of registering payers of the VAT, aiming to determine and solve problems, which arise for the payers of VAT when registering to become as such and for the State Tax Inspectorate when administering and controlling this process. Mostly the Lithuanian Republic Law on Value Added Tax and the EU Sixth Council Directive 77/388/EEC regulations are analyzed. By applying document analysis and other related methods, it was determined that registration as a VAT payer is actually the right of the persons, not the duty. However, the implementation of this right is burdened by ambiguous regulations in the law and its official commentary. Difficulties especially arise when identifying persons who could be registered as VAT payers. In addition, it was confirmed that many other aspects important to the registration as VAT payers, e.g. „economic activity“, „intention to do economic activity“, „random transaction“, lack definition, which may cause uncertainty for Lithuanian and foreign persons who are registering.
Prevention of fraud, where the actions of registration as VAT payers control are aimed at, greatly depends on the freedom of actions granted to the State Tax Inspectorate by the legal acts. Therefore, the author draws attention to the risk, which is related to the choice of the proper methods of control and implementation without violating the interests of the state and the taxpayers.
At the end of the thesis, together with conclusions, the... [to full text]
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Šopytė, Agnė. "Holdingo bendrovių apmokestinimas Europos Sąjungoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090908_194059-68217.
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Holdingo kompanijos yra sparčiai besivystančių ekonominių-teisinių santykių padarinys atliekantis vis svarbesnį vaidmenį ne tik ES, bet ir visame pasaulyje. Tiesioginių mokesčių reguliavimas paliktas ES valstybių narių kompetencijai, tačiau svarbiausi holdingo bendroves liečiantys apmokestinimo klausimai yra harmonizuoti ES mastu. Išleistos atskiros direktyvos reguliuojančios holdingo įkūrimui svarbias įmonių jungimo, skaidymo, turto perleidimo bei keitimosi akcijomis operacijas, taip pat atskira direktyva skirta sureguliuoti bendrai mokesčių sistemai taikomai patronuojančioms ir dukterinėms kompanijoms, sudaranti sąlygas dvigubo dividendų apmokestinimo išvengimui, ir trečioji svarbi direktyva harmonizuojanti palūkanų ir autorinių atlyginimų apmokestinimą ES. Pirmoji darbo dalis skirta visapusiškai holdingo sampratos analizei. Šis reiškinys tiriamas tiek bendrąja, tiek ekonomine, tiek teisine prasme. Atlikus analizę, daroma išvada, jog holdingo sąvoka yra sunkiai konkrečiai ir vienareikšmiškai apibrėžiama, todėl galima išskirti tik vieną esminį šių bendrovių bruožą – kitų bendrovių akcijų valdymas. Antrojoje darbo dalyje analizuojamos minėtosios svarbiausios ES direktyvos per jų įgyvendinimo Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktuose prizmę. Šių direktyvų principai atskleisti per tai, kaip jie yra perkelti į konkrečias LR įstatymų nuostatas. Lietuva, kaip viena iš naujųjų ES narių, siekianti kuo tinkamiau perkelti direktyvų reikalavimus į nacionalinius teisės aktus, iš esmės tai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Being a result of the rapid development of economical and juridical relations holding companies play an increasing role in the EU as well as globally. Although the regulation of direct taxes is left for the competence of member countries, most important holding companies’ taxation - related questions are harmonized within the EU. There is a special directive regulating important mergers, acquisition, alienation of property and exchange of shares operations. Moreover, there is a special directive for regulation of the common taxation system applicable for parent and subsidiary companies, which helps to prevent double taxation of dividends, as well as directive which harmonizes taxation of interests and royalties in the EU. First part of the thesis is dedicated for the universal analysis of the conception of holding. It is therefore being examined in general, juridical and economic terms. The analysis made shows that the conception of holding is not yet definite, therefore it is relevant to estimate only one core lineament of holding companies, namely controlling the shares of other companies. The accomplished analysis in the second part of the thesis shows how main principles of the EU directives are transferred to the specific provisions of Lithuanian legal acts. Although Lithuania seeks to apply the directives properly, remarkable foreign investors’ discrimination nuances and other inaccuracies are still present. Third part of the thesis explores questions regarding the... [to full text]
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Berminge, Norberg Rosa. "En tvåriktad styrning? : En policyanalys av Migrationsverkets handlingsplan för jämställdhetsintegrering (2016 - 2018)". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175142.
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Topics concerning gender mainstreaming are highly debated throughout political sciences. Studies imply that gender mainstreaming is implemented in an era of New Public Management which, according to different sources, takes away from the politics of gender equality. Due to the nature of the NPM framework, efficiency and productivity reduce gender mainstreaming to a technicality, rather than actually questioning the underlying structures of gender inequalities. In light of NPMs shortcomings in this aspect, a growing number of studies examine the possibilities Public Value Management has to offer. This framework articulates public value as the most important aspect of public administration. This study performs a policy analysis of the Swedish Migration Agency and examine how the agency deals with gender mainstreaming in terms of implementing a NPM and/or PVM oriented approach. The analysis in this paper is based on Carol Bacchi’s theoretical framework “What’s the problem represented to be?”, which helps isolate causes of the agency's problems regarding gender mainstreaming. Results of the analysis show an unwillingness to conform solely to factors such as efficiency and productivity, but controversially, the agency also heavily relies on the principles of the NPM framework. Conclusions can be made that the structural architecture of the agency prevents a full adoption of the PVM framework.Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Umeå Universitet
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Strankauskas, Arvydas. "Pridėtinės vertės mokesčio objektą reglamentuojančių teisės aktų nuostatų taikymo problemos". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080125_131602-05297.
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PVM yra didžiausias ir svarbiausias nacionalinio biudžeto pajamų šaltinis, todėl valstybei ypač svarbu užtikrinti, kad aiškinant teisės aktus reglamentuojančius PVM, būtų daroma kuo mažiau klaidų. Siekiant atsakyti į klausimą, kokios priežastys lemia klaidas taikant PVM reglamentuojančius teisės aktus, šiame darbe iškeltos kelios hipotezės. Pirma, klaidų taikant PVM reglamentuojančius teisės aktus priežastys yra konkrečios netobulos, klaidinančios teisės aktų nuostatos. Antra, teisės aktų nuostatos, kurias taikant klystama akivaizdžių trūkumų neturi, klystama, nes dažnai yra neaiškus jų tikslas, pagrindinė idėja, dėl kurios jos buvo sukurtos. Siekiant patvirtinti ar paneigti šiuos spėjimus i���keltas darbo tikslas – nustatyti tas PVM objektą reglamentuojančių teisės aktų nuostatas, kurias taikant dažniausiai daromos klaidos, nustatyti klaidų tipus ir būdus, į ką reikėtų atkreipti dėmesį, siekiant išvengti klaidų. Šiam tikslui pasiekti iškelti uždaviniai - atlikti Europos Bendrijų Teisingumo teismo, Lietuvos Vyriausiojo administracinio teismo ir Mokestinių ginčų komisijos prie Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės išnagrinėtų mokestinių ginčų sprendimų, kurie buvo priimti bylose dėl padarytų klaidų taikant PVM objektą reglamentuojančias teisės aktų nuostatas, analizę. Atlikus šių sprendimų analizę nustatyta, kad dažniausiai klystama taikant prekių tiekimo sampratoje įtvirtintas „prekių perdavimo“ ir „disponavimo prekėmis kaip savomis“ sąvokas, aiškinant vieną iš atlygio sąvokos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The VAT is the biggest and the most important resource of the National budgets. Therefore, every state must be sure that the Declaration of the Rights Tax Act regulatory preferably. There are also a few hypotheses. First, in the application of the regulatory acts Tax resulting error caused mostly not accurate in the classification of deception leading acts. Secondly, faulty application of classification of act has no obvious defects. The possible errors come only if the target and the idea of why this all has to be done, not just explained. This foreboding to vote or to deny them is the main objective, that is This VAT object regulates classification of the acts to determine their application for the most errors occur, the error and to clarify the possible ways out, in order to circumvent. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been the work of the European Court of the European Community, the main administrative court in Lithuania and the Commission of disputes about tax to the government of Republic of Lithuania and decisions of the disputes about tax issues involved in the court proceedings at the declaration of the application of VAT object regulates classification of acts analyzed. In this summary we can clearly see that there are enough misapplications of VAT object regulatory classification of the acts occuring. Only partly succeeded determination of such categories of acts, where most mistakes happen to be determined. In almost all cases, if you pay tax at... [to full text]
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Zigmantaitė, Algita. "Netiesioginių mokesčių reglamentavimas Europos Sąjungoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20101124_204144-32418.
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Šiame darbe buvo analizuojami tam tikri netiesioginių mokesčių Europos Sąjungoje reglamentavimo aspektai – tiek pirmoje, tiek antroje darbo dalyje analizė buvo pradedama apžvelgiant kaip kito požiūris į tam tikrus reglamentavimo aspektus, kokių priemonių buvo imtasi, kitais žodžiais tariant, atrodė svarbu apžvelgti, kaip istoriškai kito požiūris į netiesioginių mokesčių reglamentavimą, be abejo, nepaliekant nuošalyje vieno iš svarbesnių aspektų – atsižvelgiant į bendruosius Bendrijos tikslus, peržvelgti, kaip buvo įgyvendintas (ar turėjo būti) siekis harmonizuoti reglamentavimą netiesioginių mokesčių srityje. Po harmonizavimo politikos istorinės apžvalgos buvo pereita prie konkrečių, šiuo metu galiojančių tiek pridėtinės vertės mokesčio, tiek akcizo reglamentavimo aspektų. Kaip vienu iš vertingų šaltinių buvo pasirinkta Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktika, kuri buvo vertinga iš esmės dėl dviejų pagrindinių priežasčių – remiantis Teismo praktika buvo galima išskirti tas sritis, kurių dabartinis reguliavimas vis dar išlieka problematiškas, be to, tose srityse, kur vis dar susiduriama su reglamentavimo neaiškumu ar dviprasmiškumu, pavyzdžiui, aiškinant tam tikras sąvokas, Teismo praktika buvo vertingas šaltinis stengiantis iššiaiškinti kokrečių normų prasmę. Galiausiai darbo išvadose buvo glaustai pateikti pagrindiniai probleminiai aspektai, kurie išryškėjo analizuojant tiek teisės aktus, tiek teismų praktiką bei užsienio teisės mokslininkų darbus – tokie kaip vis dar taikomi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The subject of this master thesis was the analysis of certain aspects, regarding indirect taxes regulation in the European Union. The first and the second part of this paper cover the changes in the attitude to certain regulations aspects, what sort of measures have been taken, in other words, it seemed important to show the historical development of this attitude, nevertheless pay consideration to the harmonization policy in the field of indirect taxation, the way it had been introduced and implemented (or should be) with regard to the Community’s aims. After the introduction, regarding harmonization policy, both parts deal with certain aspects of the regulation of value added tax and excises. The practice of European Court of Justice has been beneficial mainly because firstly, it helped to disclose those areas, in which the regulation remains problematic and secondly, where regulation is still deemed as inexplicit – it has stood as a valuable source trying to clarify the real meaning of certain regulation aspects. Finally, conclusions have been made with regard to the analysis of laws and practice of the European Court of Justice. These are zero rates, applicable to the Value Added Tax, which do not comply with the common system of the value added tax, excise rates, which Member States are free to determine according to the fixed minimum rates and in this way to distort the common market.
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Odminytė, Jolanta. "Netiesioginių mokesčių ekonominė analizė Lietuvoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090909_084926-88780.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjami netiesioginiai mokesčiai. Teoriniu aspektu išanalizuota Lietuvos Respublikos mokesčių sistema, pridėtinės vertės, akcizo bei muito mokesčių esmė, tarifai, teisinis reglamentavimas, taip pat analizuotas ryšys tarp netiesioginio mokesčio pajamų ir elastingumo. Netiesioginiai mokesčiai yra pakankamai svarbūs, kadangi jie sudaro daugiau nei pusę visų valstybės biudžeto pajamų. Netiesioginių mokesčių surenkamas pajamas įtakoja įstatyminės bazės pasikeitimas, namų ūkių vartojimo išlaidų dydis, mokesčio objektų skaičiaus pasikeitimas, PVM mokėtojų skaičius, tarifų pasikeitimas, infliacija (defliacija) taip pat priklauso nuo analizuojamos prekės paklausos elastingumo. Netiesioginius mokesčius galima susieti su šešėline ekonomika. Pridėtinės vertės mokesčio grobstymo mastai yra pakankamai dideli ir kasmet jie didėja. Darbo empirinė dalis parodė, kad didinti akcizo tarifą tabako gaminiams neverta, nes įvertinus tabako gaminių paklausos elastingumą bei kontrabandos mastus, prieita išvados, kad akcizo mokesčio pajamų bus surinkta mažiau nei prieš tarifo didinimą.There is the analysis of indirect taxes of master’s paper. There is the analysis of Lithuanian tax system, value added tax (VAT), excise tax and customs tax purport, tariffs, juridical regulation by the theoretic aspect. Also there is the analysis between indirect tax revenues and elasticity theory. The indirect taxes are very important, because it‘s revenue a large proportion of the budget. It’s revenues depend on changes of tax law, terminal household expenses, on changes of objects number, VAT payers number, on changes of tariffs, inflation (deflation), also it depends on elasticity of analysed commodity. The indirect taxes are associate with the black/grey economy. It is embezzled by a large extent. The empirical paper part demonstrate, that to raise the excise tax tariffs it’s not worth the risk, because the revenues will be less to compare the situation before raise the tariffs.
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Forslund, Hanna. "Klivet in på den svenska arbetsmarknaden : En policyanalys av Etableringsprogrammet 2018". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-179891.
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A hot topic in politics as well as in the political sciences is the topic of labour market integration. For newcomers the challenge of entering into the labour market is a staggering one. This can be showcased by the vast statistical difference in labour participation between newcomers and citizens. Another interesting aspect regarding labour market integration is inthe way that it is being governed. Both the political sphere and academia have shown an inclination to question the validity regarding New Public Management. This has started adebate regarding other ways of governmentality that is more suitable for the public sector. One of these is Public Value Management which emphasizes the goal of public value. The aim of this study is to perform a policy analysis of a government proposition as well as a planof action from the Swedish Employment Service. This was done by examining the problem representations as well as what was being left unproblematic. It also identified what type of governmentality is applied in the documents. The results revealed three problem representations of cooperation, quality & efficiency and governance. Additionally the labour market participation of immigrants that were not newcomers were left out of both the proposition as well as the plan of action. Lastly the study found an inclination by the Swedish Employment Service to rely more on a type of governmentality that resembles the one of Public Value Management.
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Naranjo-Prado, Isabel Cristina [Verfasser], e Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Spielmann. "Quest for factors involved in the extraction of transmembrane proteins from the PPM to the PVM and the effect of jamming PTEX on PfEMP1 export in Plasmodium falciparum / Isabel Cristina Naranjo-Prado ; Betreuer: Tobias Spielmann". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214370314/34.
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Regni, Catherine A. "Structural studies of PMM/PGM from Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4134.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 18, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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VERHAEGHE, Jacques. "TESTING THE QUALITY OF A PCM OR PAM TELEMETRY SYSTEM". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614495.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1989 / Town & Country Hotel & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaVerifying the quality of a PCM (or PAM) telemetry system is an important concern before any launch. A frame simulator generated test is definitely inchoate to exercise the link’s real world disturbances response behavior. It should be completed with tests involving some disturbances measurements.
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Ondoa, Olivier Jean-Pie. "Etude et évaluation de réseaux ATM pour l'interconnexion dans des systèmes multiprocesseurs". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004957.
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Liu, Ting. "METHODS DEVELOPMENT IN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS". UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/838.
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Proteomics based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has developed rapidly in the last decade and become a powerful tool for protein mixtures analysis. LC-MS based proteomics involves four steps, sample preparation, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Improvements in each step have extended its applications to new biological research areas. This dissertation mainly focuses on method developments in both qualitative and quantitative proteomics.
The first part of this dissertation focuses on qualitative analysis of T. gondii Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane (PVM) proteins, which is very important for T. gondii’s survival. The hypothesis of this study is that proteomic approaches coupled with immunoprecipitation using polyclonal antisera as affinity reagents can successfully characterize the proteome of the T. gondii PVM. The “Three-layer Sandwich Gel Electrophoresis” (TSGE) protocol, was developed to contend with efficient salt removal and protein concentration from challenging samples. Furthermore, the TSGE coupled to 2D-LC-MS/MS was proven to be effective with the proteomic analysis of complex protein mixtures like T. gondii whole cell lysate, allowing for high-throughput protein analysis from complex samples. By using the TSGE-2D-LC-MS/MS methodology, we successfully identified 61 proteins from the PVM samples and constructed the PVM proteome.
The second part of this dissertation describes a novel method for selecting an appropriate isocyanate reagent for potential quantitative proteomics application. Our hypothesis is alteration of isocyanate structure will change fragmentation pattern and ESI property of isocyanate modified peptides. The CID property of N-terminal modified peptides by phenyl isocyanate (PIC), phenethyl isocyanate (PEIC) and pyridine-3- isocyanate (PyIC) was systematically studied using LC-ESI-MS/MS. We observed that adjustment of isocyanate structure changed both ESI and fragmentation characteristic of modified peptides. We rationalized the decrease of protonation of PIC and PEIC modified peptides results from the neutral property of the both reagents. The electron withdrawing feature of PyIC leads to significant reduction of fragments during CID. Therefore, we designed a new isocyanate reagent, 3-(isocyanatomethyl) pyridine (PyMIC). The results revealed that PyMIC modified peptides had more suitable ESI properties and generated more sequence-useful fragments compared to PIC, PyIC and even unmodified peptides. PyMIC is a more appropriate labeling reagent for quantitative proteomics applications.
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Eriksson, Martin, e Mikael Lindgren. "Kartläggning av tvärfunktionella verksamhetsbehov för framtida utveckling av OAS". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-171914.
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The management of information is one of the key aspects within a successful andefficient product development process, particularly regarding complex products.Scania CV AB is at the moment developing a new IT-system, OAS, which aims tomanage the company’s product data. With this as a background, the purpose of thismaster thesis is to identify the cross-functional user needs within Scania’s organizationconcerning product data and the management around it. To fulfill the purpose, an empirical study consisting of 40 personal interviews with 50representatives from different functions within Scania’s organization was carriedthrough. The empirical data was then analyzed focusing on identifying thecross-functional needs and issues. The study points out that there is a big potential regarding improvement among themanagement of product data. For example, a lot of time is spent by the users to findthe requested information and to copy data manually from one IT-system to another.The most important findings, in terms of cross-functional user needs within Scania’sorganization, are the integration of Scania’s many IT-system and to make informationmore accessible. Further needs are regarding the ability to follow a product’s entirelifecycle, better support for the user’s understanding of the complex product, anenhanced management of Engineering Change Orders and a better supportconcerning the product structure.
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Fassinut-Mombot, Bienvenu. "Contribution à la fusion d'information par une approche entropique : algorithme et architecture dans un contexte de perception multi-sources". Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0074.
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Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire concerne l'étude et la mise en œuvre d'un algorithme et son architecture distribuée pour la fusion d'informations multi-sources. L'algorithme d'Agrégation Adaptative Entropique (A2E) développé, repose sur l'utilisation de critères entropiques pour combiner l'ensemble des informations et pour décider sur le comportement éventuel du système de perception. Le Modèle de Fusion Entropique (MFE) vise à réduire l'espace de combinaison du système de perception en exploitant explicitement la dualité redondance-complémentarité des sources d'information. Un exemple applicatif est donné pour valider les performances du Modèle de Fusion Entropique. Nous montrons à travers une implantation parallèle ou distribuée de l'algorithme A2E sur une grappe de stations fonctionnant en mode MIMD-NORMA avec une communication par passage de messages, que l'utilisation de l'environnement SynDEx pour l'écriture et l'implantation du code exécutable permet d'obtenir d'excellentes performances par rapport à PVM. Cependant, bien que la progression des performances de SynDEx soit linéaire, le surcoût introduit par les primitives de communication de PVM diminue fortement avec l'augmentation de la taille des messagesThe aim of this thesis is the study and the implementation of an algorithm and its distributed architecture for multi-source information fusion. The Entropy Adaptative Aggregation (EA2) algorithm developed, is based on the use of entropy criteria to combine the set of information and to decide on the possible behavior of the perception system. The aim of Entropy Fusion Model (EFM) is to reduce the combination space of the perception system using an explicit representation of the redundancy-complementarity duality of the information sources. An applicative example is given to validate the performance of Entropy Fusion Model. We show with the implementation of the EA2 algorithm on a cluster of hosts running in mode MIMD-NORMA and communicating by message passing, that the use of SynDEx for writing and implementing of the executable code provides high performance computing compared to PVM. However, although the progression of the SynDEx performances is linear, the overhead introduced by the PVM libraries communication strongly decreases with the increase of message size
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Berstad, Eivind. "Testing and Optimization of PVAm/PVA Blend Membranes for Biogas Upgrading". Thesis, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskaplige Universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21058.
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Membrane technology is an energy saving, environment friendly and low cost separation technology. This master’s thesis has focused on testing and optimization of polyvinylamine/polyvinylalcohol (PVAm/PVA) blend fixed-site-carrier (FSC) membranes on polysulfone supports for separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Permeation tests, process simulation and cost estimation were applied to evaluate CO2/CH4 separation performance and process feasibility for biogas upgrading. Utilization of biogas as a natural gas substitute or as vehicle fuel can contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions.Orthogonal experimental design (OED) was employed to study the influences of membrane preparation conditions on the transport properties of flat sheet PVAm/PVA blend FSC membranes. The conjoint analysis method was applied for the statistical analysis of OED results using SPSS software, and the importance of the investigated membrane preparation condition parameters on the CO2/CH4 separation performance was found to be: polymer concentration in casting solution > heat treatment temperature > heat treatment duration > content of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymer. The optimized membrane preparation conditions in the interval investigated were: 1 wt% polymer in the casting solution, containing 3 wt% of CNTs, heat-treated at 105 °C for 0.5 h. It was found that a membrane with a very thin selective layer (375 nm) was able to achieve both high CO2/CH4 selectivity and CO2 permeance.Reinforcing the PVAm/PVA membrane with CNTs was investigated, but no significant effect was found within the range of investigation. SEM analysis has shown that CNTs gathers in large aggregates, and that an even distribution of well-dispersed CNTs is needed to secure a defect free selective layer.Permeation tests were performed in an advanced mixed gas permeation rig and operating conditions were optimized on the basis of OED and conjoint analysis by SPSS software. The relative importance of the operating condition parameters investigated in this work was in the following order: relative humidity > sweep gas flow rate > feed gas pressure > feed gas flow rate. The optimized operating conditions were found at a feed gas pressure of 2 bar with a relative humidity of 80 % and a feed gas flow rate and sweep gas flow rate at 12.3 cm3/s and 0.18 cm3/s, respectively. CO2/CH4 selectivity of 31 with a CO2 permeance of 0.16 m3(STP)/(m2.h.bar) was obtained at optimized conditions. A conceptual design of a biogas upgrading process with a feed gas flow rate at 300 Nm3/h (60 vol% CH4 and 40 vol% CO2) was conducted. Two different process designs with a feed gas pressure of 2 and 5 bar were simulated in UniSim. In a two-stage membrane module separation system with recycle it was possible to purify biogas up to 99.3 vol% CH4 (vehicle fuel quality), and obtain a CH4 recovery of 98 %. The total membrane area was reduced a lot by increasing the feed gas pressure from 2 to 5 bar. The capital cost of the most promising process design was estimated to US$4.622 million, and the running costs were estimated to be US$0.603/Nm3 upgraded biogas. The total membrane area was 7900 m2. The most important economic parameter for upgrading biogas is the price of upgraded biogas as vehicle fuel, and a price of US$1.22/Nm3 is necessary to secure a positive net present value of the project after 10 years.
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Hamilton, Philip John. "The development of PVD coatings for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5107/.
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This work investigated the suitability of thin film, single and multi-layered coatings, by a Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell bipolar plates. Due to the multifunctional nature of this particular component a comprehensive approach was used where several key properties were examined for coatings including: ZrN, TiN, CrN, Graphit-iC™, CrN+C, TiN+C and Au. Chemical etching and surface roughness were found to influence the Interfacial Contact Resistance (ICR) of the substrate; however, any observed effect was negated with the addition of a conductive coating. CrN+C and TiN+C multi-layer coatings showed a striking reduction in the ICR compared with the nitride only equivalents. The suitability of pre-coated PVD coatings for serial production via stamping was assessed in collaboration with an industrial partner. The coating durability was found to be influenced by several factors including coating type, thicknesses and position on stamped plate. The multi-layered TiN+C coating was found to noticeably improve the stampability compared to the TiN only coating. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated under simplified corrosion conditions. Under these conditions TiN+C was found to have two beneficial effects, improving the free corrosion potential and the stability of the carbon topcoat under startup/shutdown potentials.
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Hecht, Leonie-Sophie [Verfasser], e Tim-Wolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Gilberger. "Biogenesis of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) and regulation of its major component, the early transcribed membrane proteins (ETRAMPs) of Plasmodium falciparum (Welch, 1897) blood stages / Leonie-Sophie Hecht. Betreuer: Tim-Wolf Gilberger". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084213079/34.
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Hecht, Leonie-Sophie Verfasser], e Tim-Wolf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gilberger. "Biogenesis of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) and regulation of its major component, the early transcribed membrane proteins (ETRAMPs) of Plasmodium falciparum (Welch, 1897) blood stages / Leonie-Sophie Hecht. Betreuer: Tim-Wolf Gilberger". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-77291.
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Bekeris, Saulius. "Objektinių modelių transformacijų XSLT ir QVT palyginimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050526_233707-56612.
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This work analysis model transformation problems in Model Driven Architecture (MDA). MDA is an architecture created by Object Management Group (OMG). MDA separates business and application logic from underlying platform technology. Platform-independent models of an application or system can be realized through the MDA on any platform. The most important MDA problem is a transformation between plarform-independent models (PIM) and platform specific models (PSM). Currently, there is no standard language for these transformations. Purpose of this work is to analize possible transformations. Two technologies will be researched: XSLT and QVT XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents. QVT (Queries/Views/Transformations) is a language for transforming models in MDA architecture. Aggregation systems will be used as models for transformations. Platform-independent model of aggregation system will be created and transformed to Java platform models using XSLT and QVT transformations.
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Aronsson, Alexander. "Information- och kommunikationsteknik : Implementering av dokumenthanteringssystem hos en mindre entreprenad". Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7388.
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Idag produceras, utväxlas och lagras fler och fler dokument elektroniskt i samma takt som ledtiderna blir kortare och kortare. Detta ställer högre krav på hur den stora mängd dokument som strömmar genom ett projekt ska hanteras; dels för att datorn som hjälpmedel inte ska väljas bort på grund av dålig struktur, säkerhet och användarvänlighet och dels för att inblandade aktörer skall ha möjlighet till rätt information vid rätt tillfälle.
Denna rapport ger grundläggande kunskaper om vilka system som finns för lagring och utväxling av information, vilka filformat för utväxling av information det förekommer inom byggbranschen samt ett exempel på ett eget utvecklat dokumenthanteringssystem enligt de krav som ställs.
De system som redogörs i rapporten är Electronic Document Management tillsammans med projektnätverk, Product Document Management, Product Life Cycle Management och Byggnads Informations Modell.
Slutligen redovisas exemplet vilket är ett projektverktyg utvecklat i programmet Microsoft Sharepoint.
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Cabrera, Sotelo Julieta Gladys. "Hidrogeles de PVA-PVP conteniendo nanopartículas de plata obtenidos por radiación gamma". Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2009. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2009/cabrera_sj/html/index-frames.html.
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Zhang, Hua. "VCLUSTER: A PORTABLE VIRTUAL COMPUTING LIBRARY FOR CLUSTER COMPUTING". Doctoral diss., Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002339.
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BATISTA, Antonio de Pádua Araújo. "Uma experiência de ensino coletivo de violino no Projeto Vale Música em Belém do Pará". Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/7816.
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A metodologia do ensino coletivo de instrumentos musicais tem ganho um significativo espaço dentro do contexto da Educação Musical no Brasil. No Estado do Pará, essa prática vem desde o final da década de 1970, com a implantação do Projeto Espiral no Instituto Estadual Carlos Gomes. Atualmente, essas iniciativas têm ocorrido mais frequentemente através de instituições do terceiro setor da sociedade civil, como as fundações, dentre as quais destacamos a Fundação Amazônica de Música e a Fundação Vale, responsáveis pela implantação do Projeto Vale Música (PVM), objeto desta pesquisa, que tem como objetivo investigar como é desenvolvido o ensino coletivo de violino no PVM/PA. Este ensino, desenvolvido em várias etapas, vem a oportunizar aos seus integrantes a aquisição de várias habilidades, dentre as quais se destaca e execução instrumental na recém criada Orquestra Jovem Vale Música (OJVM), a qual fez seu recital de estréia em dezembro de 2009. O projeto atende um alunado formado por crianças oriundas de famílias de baixa renda, que integram a rede pública de ensino da Grande Belém. O nível musical alcançado pelos alunos do projeto nestes seis anos de existência foi o principal aspecto motivador desta pesquisa. Para entendermos os aspectos que têm contribuído para o alcance deste nível de musicalidade dentro do projeto, procuramos identificar o perfil sócio cultural dos agentes envolvidos no processo de ensino coletivo do violino – alunos, professores, pais e/ou responsáveis -, bem como identificar outros aspectos como objetivos, conteúdos e atividades desenvolvidas, repertório, procedimentos metodológicos, espaço físico e carga horária empregados no projeto. Nesta pesquisa, foi utilizado o método descritivo, tendo como suporte a pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas e análise documental. O resultado esperado é uma compreensão do que é o Projeto Vale Música, desenvolvido no Estado do Pará, e do modelo utilizado no desenvolvimento do ensino coletivo de violino no mesmo.
The methodology of collective teaching of musical instruments has gained a significant place within the context of Music Education in Brazil. In state of Para this practice has since the late 1970s, with the Spiral Project implementation at the State Institute Carlos Gomes. Currently, these initiatives have occurred more often through institutions of the third civil society sector, such as foundations, within their highlight the Foundation of Music Amazon and Vale Foundation, responsible for the implementation of the Project Vale Music, object of this research that purpose investigate how is developed to the collective teaching of violin at PVM / PA. This teaching, developed in various steps, has been creating opportunity for its members to acquisition various abilities, within their highlight the instrumental performance in the newly formed Youth Orchestra Vale Music (YOVM), which made her recital debut in December 2009. The project serves a student composed for children from low income families, which integrate the public schools of Greater Belem. The musical level has achieved by students this project for six years of existence was the main motivating aspect this research. To understand the aspects that have contributed to the achievement of this level of musicianship within the project, seek to identify the socio and cultural agents involved in the process collective teaching the violin - students, teachers, parents and / or guardians -, also identify other aspects as objectives, contents and activities, repertoire, methods, physical space and the time used in the project. This research used the descriptive method, with the support literature research, interviews and document analysis. The expected result is an understanding of what is Project Vale Music, developed in the State of Para, and the model used in the development of collective teaching violin in it.
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Amaral, Renata Hage. "Estudo da incorporação e liberação de um extrato de algas vermelhas em membranas de hidrogel". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-16112009-145201/.
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Os hidrogéis estão dentre as matrizes poliméricas mais utilizadas em tecnologia farmacêutica em razão de sua vasta aplicação e funcionalidade, especialmente em sistema de liberação de fármacos. Tendo em vista o grande avanço nas inovações dos produtos cosméticos, tanto por meio da introdução de novos princípios ativos quanto pelas matrizes utilizadas para liberação controlada dos mesmos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi incorporar e avaliar a liberação de um princípio ativo natural, o ArctAlg®, em membranas de hidrogel, de modo a obter um dispositivo de liberação para fins cosméticos. O ArctAlg® é um extrato aquoso que possui uma excelente ação anti-oxidante, lipolítica, anti-inflamatória e citoestimulante. Foi realizado o estudo das propriedades mecânicas, físicoquímicas e a biocompatibilidade in vitro das membranas de hidrogéis de poli(vinil- 2- pirrolidona) (PVP) e poli(vinil álcool) (PVA) obtidas pela reticulação por radiação ionizante. A caracterização físico-química das matrizes poliméricas foi obtida pelos ensaios de fração gel e intumescimento e o de biocompatibilidade in vitro pelo ensaio de citotoxicidade pelo método de incorporação do vermelho neutro. No ensaio de fração gel tanto o hidrogel de PVP quanto o de PVA apresentaram um alto grau de reticulação. O hidrogel de PVP apresentou uma maior porcentagem de intumescimento em relação ao de PVA e no ensaio de citotoxicidade os hidrogéis mostraram-se atóxicos. A propriedade citoestimulante do ArctAlg® foi verificada no ensaio de citoestimulação com células fibroblásticas de pele de coelho, em que foi evidenciado um aumento de cerca de 50% das células quando em contato com 0,5% do princípio ativo. As membranas de hidrogel preparadas com 3% de ArctAlg® foram submetidas ao ensaio de liberação em incubadora a 37ºC e as alíquotas coletadas durante o ensaio foram quantificadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Os resultados obtidos na cinética de liberação mostraram que as membranas de hidrogel de PVP liberaram cerca de 50% do ArctAlg® incorporado e as de PVA em cerca de 30%. No ensaio de citoestimulação do ArctAlg® liberado, o dispositivo de PVP apresentou um aumento em cerca de 80% da população celular em relação ao controle do ensaio, mostrando ser o dispositivo mais indicado para ser utilizado em processos de reparação cutânea.In pharmaceutical technology hydrogel is the most used among the polymeric matrices due to its wide application and functionality, primarily in drug delivery system. In view of the large advance innovations in cosmetic products, both through the introduction of new active agents as the matrices used for its controlled release, the objective of this study was to evaluate the release and immobilization of a natural active agent, the Arct\'Alg® in hydrogel membranes to obtain a release device for cosmetics. Arct\'Alg® is an aqueous extract which has excellent anti-oxidant, lipolytic, anti-inflammatory and cytostimulant action. Study on mechanical and physical-chemical properties and biocompatibility in vitro of hydrogel membranes of poly(vinyl-2- pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) obtained by ionizing radiation crosslinking have been performed. The physical-chemical characterization of polymeric matrices was carried out by gel fraction and swelling tests and biocompatibility by in vitro test of cytotoxicity by using the technique of neutral red incorporation. In the gel fraction test, both the PVP and PVA hydrogel showed a high crosslinking degree. The PVP hydrogel showed a greater percentage of swelling in relation to PVA and the cytotoxicity test of the hydrogels showed non-toxicity effect. The cytostimulation property of Arct\'Alg® was verified by the cytostimulation test with rabbit skin cells, it was showed an increase at about 50% of the cells when in contact with 0,5% of active agent. The hydrogel membranes prepared with 3% of Arct\'Alg® were subjected to the release test in an incubator at 37°C and aliquots collected during the test were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained in the kinetics of release showed that the PVP hydrogel membranes released about 50% of Arct\'Alg® incorporated and the PVA hydrogel membranes at about 30%. In the cytostimulation test of released Arct\'Alg®, the PVP device showed an increase at about 80% of cell population in relation of test control, showing to be the greater device to be used in processes of skin repair.
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HABIB, MD AHASHAN, e LIPOL LEFAYET SULTAN. "Digital Tools for Product Development and Organizational Management". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20120.
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The report illustrates about the digital tools those are used for product development and organizational management (apparel sector). We went to Lectra Sweden AB, DTS solutions AB to search our planned information about those tools. We got some additional information from them as well. We were interested to learn about much software for this but we studied about Lectra Fashion PLM, PISA PDM, and ERP Garp system (CRM, SRM, MRM) as we could manage opportunity to know about them only.For Lectra, we focused on general idea about this software, its different divisions, its working procedure, its advantage to use, its possibility to use for every company. On the other hand, we concentrated on almost similar way of Lectra for PDM, PLM, ERP (CRM, SRM, and MRM).We got different divisions of Lectra, namely- Kaledo, Modaris, Diamino, Optiplan are using for various purposes, like - design, pattern making, marker making, spreading and cutting. On the opposite side of the coin, if companies implement PDM, PLM and ERP system, they can assist to manage the whole business chain very easily for instance- product development, order, purchase, manufacturing, stock/distribution, economy, logistics etcetera. We also knew that it is expensive to buy those software’s and require special skill to operate so it is not prolific to all company.Program: Magisterutbildning i Applied Textile Management
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Farias, Italo Fernando. "Estudo da influência da radiação gama nas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas de \"elastômeros termoplásticos\" blendas de poli (cloreto de vinila) com poli (vinil butiral)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-11102018-083413/.
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A vasta gama de sistemas poliméricos classificados como blendas tem sido alvo crescente no meio acadêmico e científico. A possibilidade de obtenção de propriedades combinadas e múltiplas, associada a incorporações de blendas poliméricas, enriquece a condição de pesquisa abrindo assim uma extensa área de atuação. Neste trabalho foi proposto o estudo de mistura de composto de poli (cloreto de vinila) plastificado com resíduo de poli (vinil butiral), proveniente de laminados para produção de para-brisas da indústria automotiva, bem como a investigação do efeito da irradiação gama com dose absorvida de 25 kGy, 30 kGy e 40 kGy, controlado com uso de dosímetro de PMMA e taxa de dose equivalente de 0-10 kGy.h-1. Foram analisadas variações das propriedades mecânicas e térmicas das amostras antes e após exposição à radiação gama. As formulações foram constituídas em diferentes concentrações: composto de PVC-C, resíduo de PVB-R, PVC-C/PVB-R 90/10, PVC-C/PVB-R 50/50 e PVC-R/PVB-R 50/50. O composto de poli (cloreto de vinila) foi formulado e aditivado, apresentando comportamento de um elastômero termoplástico, produto flexível. Foram incorporadas aparas moídas de poli (vinil butiral), provenientes de laminados para produção de para-brisas. Ambos os materiais foram incorporados em extrusora granuladora tipo rosca simples e submetidos ao processo de calandragem para efetivação da mistura e formação de mantas plásticas. As mantas foram irradiadas em um reator multipropósito de 60Co e caracterizadas para verificação das propriedades mecânicas e térmicas. Para tanto, as blendas após exposição à radiação gama apresentaram propriedades mecânicas e térmicas intermediarias as propriedades dos seus componentes, mostrando-se um material resistente e de baixo custo. Por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura obteve uma redução nos vasos interfaciais mostrando um aumento na capacidade de percolação do PVB na matriz de PVC, favorecendo suas propriedades físicas.The wide range of polymer systems classified as blends has been increasingly targeted in the academic and scientific milieu. The possibility of obtaining multiple and combined properties, combined with the incorporation of polymer blends, enriches the research condition, thus opening up an extensive area of performance. In this work the study of the poly (vinyl butyral) plasticized polyvinyl chloride mixture from laminates for automotive windshield production was investigated, as well as the investigation of the effect of gamma irradiation with absorbed dose of 25 kGy, 30 kGy and 40 kGy, controlled with use of PMMA dosimeter and equivalent dose rate of 0-10 kGy.h-1. Variations of the mechanical and thermal properties of the samples were analyzed before and after exposure to gamma radiation. The formulations were constituted in different concentrations: PVC-C compound, PVB-R residue, PVC-C/PVB-R 90/10, PVC-C/PVB-R 50/50 and PVC-R/PVB-R 50/50. The polyvinyl chloride compound was formulated and added, exhibiting the behavior of a thermoplastic elastomer, a flexible product. Poly (vinyl butyral) ground chips were produced from laminates for the production of windshields. Both materials were incorporated in a single-thread granulator extruder and submitted to the calendering process to effect the mixing and formation of plastic blankets. The blankets were irradiated in a 60Co multipurpose reactor and characterized for verification of mechanical and thermal properties. In order to do so, the blends after exposure to gamma radiation presented mechanical properties and intermediate thermal properties of their components, showing a resistant material and low cost. By means of the scanning electron microscopy it obtained a reduction in the interfacial vessels showing an increase in the percolation capacity of the PVB in the PVC matrix, favoring its physical properties.