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Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "QC790"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 7 de junho de 2025

Última modificação: 2 de agosto de 2025

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1

Gaunt, Adam P. "Towards micro-imaging with dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51219/.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of small samples and nuclei with a low gyromagnetic ratio is intrinsically insensitive due to the received signal dependence on Boltzmann's statistics. This insensitivity can be partially overcome through the application of hyper polarisation techniques such as Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation (D-DNP). It is hoped that the hyper polarised 13C signal received from labelled small molecules could facilitate imaging of metabolic and transporter processes in biological systems. In order to realise this, appropriate molecules and experimental hardware must be

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2

Breeds, Edward. "Novel hardware for temperature-jump DNP." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52518/.

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Although NMR is a versatile technique, the low values associated with nuclear spin polarization provide inherently weak signals. A novel system to perform temperature-jump dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has been designed and developed at the University of Nottingham, with the aim to enhance this signal and improve the sensitivity of the NMR experiment. This system utilizes a bespoke helium flow cryostat, located within the bore of a superconducting magnet, to achieve temperatures down to 1.75 K for high levels of polarization to build up on an electron spin population. This high level of p

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3

Fernandes, Carolina C. "Multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the human brain at ultra high-field." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46607/.

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In this thesis, new acquisition and analysis methods are described for multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for the quantification of brain metabolites at ultra high magnetic field strengths (7T). An analytical model was derived for the optimisation of the stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence timing parameters for lactate detection. The effects of the chemical shift displacement artefact on the J-modulated signal for a weakly-coupled spin system were considered in the three applied directions of field gradients and the product operator formalism was used to obtain ex

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4

Buck, Duncan. "Type IIb Kähler moduli : inflationary phenomenology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11088/.

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The inflationary paradigm of standard big bang cosmology provides a mechanism to generate primordial curvature perturbations and explain the large scale homogeneity and isotropy of the observable universe. This is achieved through requiring a period of accelerated expansion during the early universe and requires a deep understanding of particle physics for its correct formulation. With the emergence of string theory as a potential description of a fundamental laws of nature provides a the natural framework in which we can construct realistic models of inflation seems plausible. A common featur

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5

Frantsuzov, Ilya. "An NMR relaxometry study of heteronuclear effects upon proton transfer in hydrogen bonds." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11334/.

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The inherent quantum-mechanical nature of the proton transfer process in hydrogen bonds has been investigated through its effects on the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate. The fast magnetic field-cycling techniques employed allowed a direct measure of the rate characterising this dynamic process, which is closely related to the potential energy environment experienced by the mobile proton. Various heteronuclear effects from magnetic and non-magnetic nuclei outside the hydrogen bond were characterised. The contribution to proton tunnelling from the displacement of heavy atoms in the molecule

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6

Omotani, John. "I've got the world on a brane." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12345/.

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This thesis treats several topics in the study of extra-dimensional models of the world, concerning Heterotic M-Theory and the dynamics of branes. We describe a reduction to five dimensions, over a Calabi-Yau manifold, of an improved version of Heterotic M-Theory, which is valid to all orders in the gravitational coupling. This provides a starting point for considering the consequences of the improved theory for the very fruitful phenomenology of the original. We investigate the singularities formed by the collision of gravitating branes in scalar field theory. By considering the asymptotic st

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7

Mullinger, Karen Julia. "Simultaneous EEG and fMRI at high fields." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14142/.

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The work described in this thesis involves an investigation of the implementation and application of simultaneous EEG and fMRI. The two techniques arc complementary, with EEG providing excellent temporal resolution and fMRI having good spatial resolution. Combined EEG/fMRI thus forms a powerful tool for neuroscience studies. In initial work, methods for improving the removal of the gradient and pulse artefacts, which are induced in EEG traces recorded during concurrent MRI, have been developed. Subsequently, the effects of the EEG hardware on MR images were investigated. This involved acquirin

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8

O'Neill, Jason Darren. "Brute force polarisation of xenon-129." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13887/.

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In recent years the number of applications using NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarised noble gases has expanded rapidly. The signal enhancement hyperpolarisation provides has led to its implementation in studies as diverse as materials science and biological imaging. 129Xe in particular, with its easily deformed electron cloud, is proving to be a uniquely sensitive probe for nanoporous structures. At present hyperpolarises gas production is limited to optical pumping (SEOP). In this study we investigate another approach, the brute force technique. At very low temperatures and high magnetic fields

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9

Pérez, Linde Angel Joaquin. "Application of cross polarisation techniques to dynamic nuclear polarisation dissolution experiments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11417/.

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Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation (DNP) was suggested for the first time by Albert Overhauser in early 1950s. In DNP experiments the polarisation from electrons can be transferred to nuclei by irradiation of the electron resonance line. There are several possible mechanisms for polarisation transfer that involve DNP in solid state depending on the width of the electron line in respect to the nuclear Larmor frequency. In this thesis, the efficiency of TEMPO radical (2,2,6,6 tetramethilpiperidine, 1 oxyl) for DNP is demonstrated in combination with nuclear polarisation transfer techniques for dissolu

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10

Ball, Iain Keith. "Functional pulmonary MRI using hyperpolarised 3He." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12207/.

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The microstructure of the lung is complex, containing many branching airways and alveolar sacs for optimal gas exchange. Lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, and emphysema lead to a destruction of this microstructure. As such, there is a growing interest in the early identification and assessment of lung disease using non invasive imaging techniques. Pulmonary function tests such as spirometry and plethysmography are currently used for this purpose but can only provide quantitative lung function measurements rather than direct measurements of lung physiology and disease. Compute

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11

Van, der Drift Anniek. "Progress in DNP theory and hardware." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12643/.

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Dynamic nuclear polarisation is a technique that allows one to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in an NMR experiment substantially, by transferring the inherently larger electron polarisation to the nuclei. Quantum mechanical models of this effect have thus far been limited to the description of only a few nuclei. This is due to the exponential scaling of the matrices involved in the description of the system. In this thesis methods of reducing the state space needed to accurately describe the simulation of solid effect DNP were explored and tested. Krylov Bogoliubov averaging has been used

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12

Stanton, Nicola Marie. "Experimental studies of electron-phonon interactions in gallium nitride." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14212/.

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This thesis presents an experimental investigation of the electron-phonon interaction in GaN. Bulk epilayers, grown by MBE, and AIGaN/GaN heterostructures, grown by MOCVD, have been studied. The energy relaxation rate for hot electrons has been measured over a wide range of temperatures, allowing both acoustic and optic phonon emission to be studied in GaN epilayers. Direct phonon measurements, both studying the emission and absorption processes, have been performed. Detection of phonons emitted when hot electrons relax their excess energy complements the measurements of relaxation rates. Abso

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13

Harvey, P. R. "Hyper-fast NMR imaging." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13753/.

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The work presented in this thesis was carried out in the Physics Department at the University of Nottingham between October 1988 and October 1991. It is the original work of the author except where indicated by reference. This thesis describes the continuation of the development of Echo Volumar Imaging (EVI) to facilitate snapshot imaging of a volume within the human body. Variants of the technique which have also been investigated include a spin echo version, SE-EVI, and a zoomed version ZEVI. All formats acquired data in a modulus fashion in times ranging from 64 ms to 120 ms. Hardware limit

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14

Cross, Andrew John. "The electron-phonon interaction in GaAs/(AlGa)As quantum wells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14316/.

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This thesis presents a study of the electron-phonon interaction in two dimensional electron gases (2DEGs), by measuring of the acoustic phonon emission from a sequence of n-type doped GaAs/(AlGa)As quantum wells. Previous studies of emISSIon from 2DEGs confined in GaAs heterojunctions (Chin et al., 1984) have shown a surprising absence of longitudinal acoustic (LA) mode phonon emission, in contrast with theoretical studies (Vass, 1987) which predict that deformation potential coupled LA mode emission should dominate the energy relaxation processes. This may be attributed to the finite width of

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15

Anblagan, Devasuda. "MRI of foetal development." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30592/.

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Foetal MRI represents a non-invasive imaging technique that allows detailed visualisation of foetus in utero and the maternal structure. This thesis outlines the quantitative imaging techniques used to investigate the effect of maternal diabetes and maternal smoking on foetal development at 1.5 Tesla. The effect of maternal diabetes on placental blood flow and foetal growth was studied. The placental images were acquired using Echo Planar Imaging and blood flow was measured using Intra Voxel Incoherent Motion. The results indicate that peak blood flow in the basal plate and chorionic plate inc

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16

Chowdhury, Muhammad Enamul Hoque. "Simultaneous EEG-fMRI : novel methods for EEG artefacts reduction at source." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14297/.

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This thesis describes the development and application of novel techniques to reduce the EEG artefacts at source during the simultaneous acquisition of EEG and fMRI data. The work described in this thesis was carried out by the author in the Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy at the University of Nottingham, between October 2010 and January 2013. Large artefacts compromise EEG data quality during simultaneous fMRI. These artefact voltages pose heavy demands on the bandwidth and dynamic range of EEG amplifiers and mean that even small fractional variatio

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17

Newton, Hayley Louise. "Hyperpolarised xenon production via Rb and Cs optical pumping applied to functional lung MRI." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14339/.

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Hyperpolarisation encompasses a multitude of methods to increase the species' spin polarisation for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Hyperpolarised 129Xe is produced via spin-exchange optical-pumping (SEOP). Firstly, electronic spins of alkali metal vapour are polarised via absorption of circularly polarised light. Alkali metal polarisation is subsequently transferred to noble gas nuclei via collisions. Within this thesis, the SEOP process is examined by probing the kinetics of the 129Xe polarisation build up. A combination of diagnostic techn

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18

Croal, Paula L. "Quantification of the BOLD response via blood gas modulations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14382/.

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This thesis is intended to contribute to a quantitative understanding of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal in order to increase its clinical potential. Here, the vascular, neuronal and physical processes which combine to give a resulting BOLD signal are investigated using respiratory challenges. The effect of isocapnic hyperoxia on vascular responses is investigated at 7 Tesla. No significant change was found in resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF), resting-state cerebral blood volume (CBV) and task-evoked CBF. This challenges a

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19

Mou, Zong-Gang. "Fermions in electroweak baryogenesis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30597/.

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We study the chiral anomaly by solving the Dirac equation for fermions in parallel electric and magnetic fields. In such case, only the lowest-energy Landau levels are relevant to the anomaly. Specifically, for massless fermions, the chiral anomaly is a result of the production of particles of one chirality, and no creation of particles of the other chirality. For massive fermions, we find that the chiral anomaly equation can be simply obtained via a proper regularization of the range of the momentum. We extend the method to anomaly cancellation, and conclude that the conservation of the baryo

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20

Wisniewski, Daniel. "Simulations of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization pathways in large spin ensembles." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39045/.

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Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is a method for signal enhancement in NMR, with numerous applications ranging from medicine to spectroscopy. Despite the success of applications of DNP, the understanding of the underlying theory is still limited. Much of the work on the theory of DNP has been carried out on small spin systems; this is a restriction due to the exponential growth of the Liouville space in quantum simulations. In the work described in this thesis, a methodology is presented by which this exponential scaling can be circumvented. This is done by mathematically projecting the DNP

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21

Shah, Simon Michael. "Magnetisation transfer effects at ultra high field MRI." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39398/.

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Increased signal to noise ratio in ultra high field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has allowed the development of quantitative imaging techniques and new contrast mechanisms, such as Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) to be probed. The development of CEST contrast imaging has involved overcoming a number of technical challenges associated with ultra high field MRI. The B1 transmit field was, and still is, a major challenge. Presented in this thesis, the B1 transmit field in regions of low B1 are improved with the use of dielectric pads and a simulation study shows that the overall

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22

McGeorge-Henderson, Ben P. "Novel acquisition strategies for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43266/.

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Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation (DNP) produced molecules with spin polarisation levels that are up to three orders of magnitude larger than their thermal equilibrium values. Most DNP mechanisms work at temperatures of 2 K and lower, meaning that the sample is stored in the solid-state. Combining DNP with a rapid temper- ature jump to room temperature allows liquid-state NMR analysis with a signal that is ve orders of magnitude higher than observed with thermal polarisation. However, the information obtained during a dissolution experiment is limited by the intrinsic liquid-state longitudinal rela

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23

Everest, Benjamin. "Dissipation as a resource for constrained dynamics in open many-body quantum systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43375/.

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This thesis studies non-equilibrium open quantum systems where the dissipation is crucial to the achievement of novel physical regimes. We focus on atomic systems which allow for the coupling of a ground state to a Rydberg state, relying on the strong interactions between Rydberg atoms to produce the collective behaviour that we aim to investigate. For atoms in an optical lattice undergoing standard dissipation forms, e.g. loss and dephasing, we find these simple settings allow for the production of models contained in the non-equilibrium realm. We start by looking at a system with engineered

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24

Michailidis, Alexios. "Numerical studies of quantum lattice systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42574/.

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The research work in this thesis is based on strongly interacting quantum lattice systems. The biggest part of research was conducted using state-of-the-art tensor network simulations. Tensor networks provide efficient and highly accurate representations of quantum states when any simply connected patch of the quantum state is slightly entangled. Matrix Product States (MPS) is a tensor network representation for quantum states which is quasi-exact for one-dimensional systems when entanglement entropy of any bipartition of the state follows ``area-law". Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) is

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25

Pollard, Andrew J. "Scanning probe microscopy of adsorbed molecules on boron nitride and graphene monolayers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12121/.

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In this thesis, a study of a range of functional surfaces formed in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions using primarily scanning probe microscopy is presented. The construction of a combined scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscope, and the experiments performed using this instrument, are also detailed. Boron nitride and graphene monolayers were formed on rhodium thin films in UHV and investigated with in-situ and ex-situ (ambient conditions) scanning tunnelling microscopy. Simultaneous scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopy images were also produced for the graphene monolayers.

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26

Møller, Morten. "Optimizing the structure of scanning probes for atomic manipulation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44916/.

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Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) allows us to directly measure the interactions between a probe and a sample at the atomic scale. Techniques such as non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM), allows us to to characterize the forces present on a surface, resolve the atomic structure of molecules or examine their chemical properties, while scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) allows their electronic properties to be characterized. As the interactions take place at the atomic scale, the atomistic state of the probe apex plays a crucial role. In AFM, it is the atomic scale forces between the oute

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27

Bennison, Tom. "Adaptive discontinuous Galerkin methods for the neutron transport equation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28944/.

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In this thesis we study the neutron transport (Boltzmann transport equation) which is used to model the movement of neutrons inside a nuclear reactor. More specifically we consider the mono-energetic, time independent neutron transport equation. The neutron transport equation has predominantly been solved numerically by employing low order discretisation methods, particularly in the case of the angular domain. We proceed by surveying the advantages and disadvantages of common numerical methods developed for the numerical solution of the neutron transport equation before explaining our choice o

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28

Espin, Johnny. "Second-order fermions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29954/.

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It has been proposed several times in the past that one can obtain an equivalent, but in many aspects simpler description of fermions by first reformulating their first-order (Dirac) Lagrangian in terms of two-component spinors, and then integrating out the spinors of one chirality (e.g.primed or dotted). The resulting new Lagrangian is second-order in derivatives, and contains two-component spinors of only one chirality. The new second-order formulation simplifies the fermion Feynman rules of the theory considerably, e.g. the propagator becomes a multiple of an identity matrix in the field sp

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29

Sulikowska, Aleksandra. "Motion correction in high-field MRI." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33674/.

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The work described in this thesis was conducted at the University of Nottingham in the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, between September 2011 and 2014. Subject motion in high- resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a major source of image artefacts. It is a very complex problem, due to variety of physical motion types, imaging techniques, or k-space trajectories. Many techniques have been proposed over the years to correct images for motion, all looking for the best practical solution in clinical scanning, which would give cost- effective, robust and high accuracy correction, witho

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30

Brownlie, Matthew. "Theoretical studies of the two-dimensional interacting electron system in high magnetic field." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13810/.

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This is a mathematical study of certain aspects of the interacting electron system in very high perpendicular magnetic field. We analyse restrictions imposed upon the density correlation functions of this system and propose a set of sum rules which they must obey. We study the possibility of building a bosonisation scheme for the projected density operators in the lowest Landau level. We suggest a second order bosonisation, along with an approximation scheme, which may be useful for carrying out calculations in the lowest Landau level. We analyse the possible ground states of the system. We su

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31

Garfitt, Jason Michael. "Hydrogen bonding and covalent coupling in adsorbed molecular monolayers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27728/.

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This thesis examines multiple different molecular networks adsorbed on several different substrates, namely, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), Au(111) and graphene. STM investigations into hydrogen-bonded structures formed by closely related tetracarboxylic acid molecules were performed. The molecule pterphenyl-3,5,3,5-tetracarboxylic acid (TPTC), which is known to form random tiling networks, was observed on a graphene on copper substrate. The network formed from deposition of TPTC from nonanoic acid was examined statistically. Aqueous solutions of TPTC were also examined on HOPG whe

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32

Goh, Kelvin S. K. "Spectroscopic investigation of the quantum dynamics of small molecules encapsulated inside fullerene cages." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28849/.

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The encapsulation of a small molecule inside a fullerene cage through advances in synthetic chemistry have created a new platform to study the dynamics of a freely rotating and translating quantum rotors entrapped inside a symmetric cage potential. These endohedral fullerene complexes are of great interest because the fullerene cages uniquely provide the entrapped molecules a high level of isolation, homogeneity, symmetry and stability. The endohedral fullerene complexes discussed in this thesis are the H2@C60, H2@C70 and H2O@C60. Both variants of small molecules studied in this thesis, H2 and

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33

Ferreras, Jorge. "One-dimensional Bose gases on an atom chip." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53074/.

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Ultracold atomic gases have proven to be an excellent tool for research in quantum systems. A Bose gas can be trapped on an atom chip using very well defined and tunable spatially-dependent potentials. The proximity of the atoms to the chip permits the use of low currents allowing for highly accurate temporal changes. Excellent experimental apparatus is needed to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation with a sufficient atom number to study low-dimensional physics. The setup described in this document utilises a set of current-carrying structures on top of which an atom chip sits. For improved atom

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34

Notbohm, Susanne. "Spin dynamics of quantum spin-ladders and chains." Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/403.

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35

Rafiei, Ramin. "Dynamics of breakup and quasifission : mechanisms inhibiting fusion." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150480.

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The study of reaction dynamics involving weakly bound stable and halo nuclei, is currently one of the most intriguing and challenging problems in nuclear physics. The influence of weakly bound nuclei on the fusion process is not solely due to coupling to collective degrees of freedom, as with well bound nuclei, but requires consideration of the strong couplings to the low lying unbound states, present due to the small binding energy of these nuclei. The breakup process, and its effect on the fusion cross section is poorly understood, and to help solve this puzzle, this thesis presents a quanti

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36

Mein, Jason Campbell. "Competition between fission modes in heavy-ion reactions on actinide targets." Phd thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144485.

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37

Purwanto, Agus. "Determination of the two-channel scattering amplitudes using unitarity /Agus Purwanto." Master's thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147177.

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38

Luong, Duc Huy. "Mechanisms and time-scales in breakup of 6,7Li." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155869.

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The current and near future of nuclear physics is being directed by the availability of radioactive ion beams and exotic nuclei near the neutron drip line. Reactions with the weakly-bound but stable {u2076}Li and {u2077}Li nuclei were thus studied as a testbed for relating nuclear structure of weakly-bound and unstable nuclei to nuclear reaction outcomes within a coherent framework, an important goal in nuclear reaction theory. Coincidence measurements of charged fragments produced from the reactions of {u2076},{u2077}Li with high-Z targets were carried out, at sub-barrier energies, using a

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39

Wilson, Elena A. "Electromagnetically induced transparency in solids." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151695.

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40

Hughes, Richard Owain. "Probing K-isomers in neutron-rich thulium nuclei with deep-inelastic reactions." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150364.

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