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Bibliografias temáticas / Quasi-experimental studies

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Quasi-experimental studies"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 23 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 10 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Quasi-experimental studies":

1

Aloe, Ariel M., Betsy Jane Becker, Maren Duvendack, Jeffrey C. Valentine, Ian Shemilt e Hugh Waddington. "Quasi-experimental study designs series—paper 9: collecting data from quasi-experimental studies". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 89 (setembro de 2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.02.013.

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Furtak, Erin Marie, Tina Seidel, Heidi Iverson e Derek C. Briggs. "Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies of Inquiry-Based Science Teaching". Review of Educational Research 82, n.º 3 (setembro de 2012): 300–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654312457206.

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Although previous meta-analyses have indicated a connection between inquiry-based teaching and improved student learning, the type of instruction characterized as inquiry based has varied greatly, and few have focused on the extent to which activities are led by the teacher or student. This meta-analysis introduces a framework for inquiry-based teaching that distinguishes between cognitive features of the activity and degree of guidance given to students. This framework is used to code 37 experimental and quasi-experimental studies published between 1996 and 2006, a decade during which inquiry was the main focus of science education reform. The overall mean effect size is .50. Studies that contrasted epistemic activities or the combination of procedural, epistemic, and social activities had the highest mean effect sizes. Furthermore, studies involving teacher-led activities had mean effect sizes about .40 larger than those with student-led conditions. The importance of establishing the validity of the treatment construct in meta-analyses is also discussed.

3

Glanville, Julie, John Eyers, Andrew M. Jones, Ian Shemilt, Grace Wang, Marit Johansen, Michelle Fiander e Hannah Rothstein. "Quasi-experimental study designs series—paper 8: identifying quasi-experimental studies to inform systematic reviews". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 89 (setembro de 2017): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.02.018.

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L. Gullekson, Nicole, Rodger Griffeth, Jeffrey B. Vancouver, Christine T. Kovner e Debra Cohen. "Vouching for childcare assistance with two quasi-experimental studies". Journal of Managerial Psychology 29, n.º 8 (4 de novembro de 2014): 994–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-06-2012-0182.

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Purpose – Human resource management (HRM) practices are implemented to improve outcomes, such as reducing turnover, absenteeism, and improving performance. Using social exchange theory (SET), the purpose of this paper is to examine one HRM practice that has received less attention by researchers: employer-sponsored childcare assistance programs. Design/methodology/approach – Study 1 – a field study compared three groups of hospital employees’ (n=148) attitudes and behaviors using MANCOVA/ANOVA over two time periods. Study 2 – using a field study, on-site and voucher childcare assistance programs were evaluated in terms of the cost to the organization and the relationship to attitudinal variables. Findings – Study 1 – results indicated that employee performance was higher and absenteeism lower for employees using the on-site childcare center than employees using an off-site center or with no children. Although the attitudinal results did not align with hypotheses, they were not inconsistent with SET. Study 2 – results indicate that childcare assistance programs may be a beneficial HRM practice for organizations to implement. Research limitations/implications – One limitation of Study 1 is the small sample size. Future research should continue to examine how employee benefits like childcare programs affect employees, as well as examine how such benefits differentially employees who value and do not value the benefits. In Study 2, although the authors randomly selected the sample of on-site and voucher programs, the health care facilities self-selected themselves to participate in the program and selected the type of childcare program, a potential source of bias. Future research should examine childcare assistance programs and their impact on work-family balance and strain-based conflict in a wider variety of samples. Practical implications – Implications for research and practice: Both studies offer researchers a “next step” in the evaluation of childcare assistance research. Additionally, these studies are of practical value to administrators/researchers in organizations who may be considering vouchers or on-site programs as they relate such programs to organizational outcomes. Originality/value – The first study is one of the few studies on this topic to use a field design with two time points and with multiple behaviors and attitudes. The second study provides a descriptive comparison of two types of childcare assistance programs, a comparison made by few studies to date.

5

Avolio, Bruce J., Rebecca J. Reichard, Sean T. Hannah, Fred O. Walumbwa e Adrian Chan. "A meta-analytic review of leadership impact research: Experimental and quasi-experimental studies". Leadership Quarterly 20, n.º 5 (outubro de 2009): 764–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.006.

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O’Connell, Kathleen A., e Tresa Kaur. "Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies of Teaching Methods in Nursing Education, 1972–2017". Nursing Education Perspectives 41, n.º 6 (14 de outubro de 2020): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nep.0000000000000586.

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Becker, Betsy Jane, Ariel M. Aloe, Maren Duvendack, T. D. Stanley, Jeffrey C. Valentine, Atle Fretheim e Peter Tugwell. "Quasi-experimental study designs series—paper 10: synthesizing evidence for effects collected from quasi-experimental studies presents surmountable challenges". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 89 (setembro de 2017): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.02.014.

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Andrade, Chittaranjan. "The Limitations of Quasi-Experimental Studies, and Methods for Data Analysis When a Quasi-Experimental Research Design Is Unavoidable". Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 43, n.º 5 (24 de agosto de 2021): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02537176211034707.

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A quasi-experimental (QE) study is one that compares outcomes between intervention groups where, for reasons related to ethics or feasibility, participants are not randomized to their respective interventions; an example is the historical comparison of pregnancy outcomes in women who did versus did not receive antidepressant medication during pregnancy. QE designs are sometimes used in noninterventional research, as well; an example is the comparison of neuropsychological test performance between first degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. In QE studies, groups may differ systematically in several ways at baseline, itself; when these differences influence the outcome of interest, comparing outcomes between groups using univariable methods can generate misleading results. Multivariable regression is therefore suggested as a better approach to data analysis; because the effects of confounding variables can be adjusted for in multivariable regression, the unique effect of the grouping variable can be better understood. However, although multivariable regression is better than univariable analyses, there are inevitably inadequately measured, unmeasured, and unknown confounds that may limit the validity of the conclusions drawn. Investigators should therefore employ QE designs sparingly, and only if no other option is available to answer an important research question.

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Stewart, Jenice P., e Thomas W. Dougherty. "Using case studies in teaching accounting: a quasi-experimental study". Accounting Education 2, n.º 1 (março de 1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639289300000001.

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Winkler, Erik M., e Junru Wu. "Experimental studies of a quasi two‐dimensional nonpropagating hydrodynamic soliton". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, S1 (maio de 1989): S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2026828.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Quasi-experimental studies":

1

Draca, Mirko. "Quasi-experimental studies in applied microeconomics". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10055067/.

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In this dissertation I use a quasi-experimental approach across five different applied microeconomic studies. These studies are diverse in the range, covering police and crime, the political economy of lobbying, the effects of the minimum wage, and ‘induced innovation’ by firms in response to different incentives. However, each study outlines a comprehensive quasi-experimental approach that addresses potential threats to the given identification strategy. As a result, these studies provide credible, causal estimates of a number of important economic parameters including: the police-crime elasticity, the value of political connections among US Federal lobbyists, the impact of the minimum wage, and different incentives affecting technology adoption and innovation at the firm-level.

2

Czaholi, Attila. "The effectiveness of oral corrective feedback in experimental and quasi-experimental studies : A systematic literature review". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104875.

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By exploring previous research, this systematic literature review aims to shed light on the effectiveness of oral corrective feedback practices by teachers to students on oral proficiency with the focus on recasts and prompts. This systematic literature review also intends to shed light on the effectiveness of recasts and prompts compared with each other. This study reports on the results of 13 experimental or quasi-experimental studies that measured the effectiveness of prompts and recasts on language acquisition and the effectiveness of prompts and recasts compared with each other. In those studies, outcome measures such as grammaticality judgement tasks, oral production tasks, and written production tasks were utilized. The target structures of the included studies were different morpho-syntactical and phonological structures. The accounted findings of this study show that recasts are effective at increasing students’ oral proficiency in seven of thirteen studies and not effective in six of 13 studies. The reported results also demonstrate that prompts are effective at improving students’ oral proficiency in eight of ten studies and ineffective in two of ten studies. In eight of ten studies in which the effectiveness of prompts and recasts are compared with each other, prompts are more effective than recasts. However, recasts are more effective than prompts in two of ten studies. The reported findings indicate that the effectiveness of corrective feedback in general on language acquisition is uncertain and that prompts might be effective. In addition, the accounted results suggest that the effectiveness of recasts on improving students’ oral proficiency is doubtful. Moreover, the reported findings of this study also suggest the higher degree of efficacy of prompts over recasts.

3

Saavedra, Garcia Lorena, Zevallos Vanessa Sosa e Canseco Francisco Diez. "Reducing salt in bread: a quasi-experimental feasibility study in a bakery in Lima, Peru". The Nutrition Society, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/555477.

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Objectives: To explore salt content in bread and to evaluate the feasibility of reducing salt contained in ‘pan francés’ bread. Design: The study had two phases. Phase 1, an exploratory phase, involved the estimation of salt contained in bread as well as a triangle taste test to establish the amount of salt to be reduced in ‘pan francés’ bread without detection by consumers. In Phase 2, a quasi-experimental, pre–post intervention study assessed the effects of the introduction of low-salt bread on bakery sales. Setting: A municipal bakery in Miraflores, Lima, Peru. Subjects: Sixty-five clients of the bakery in Phase 1 of the study; sales to usual costumers in Phase 2. Results: On average, there was 1·25 g of salt per 100 g of bread. Sixty-five consumers were enrolled in the triangle taste test: fifty-four (83·1 %) females, mean age 58·9 (SD 13·7) years. Based on taste, bread samples prepared with salt reductions of 10 % (P = 0·82) and 20 % (P =0·37) were not discernible from regular bread. The introduction of bread with 20 % of salt reduction, which contained 1 g of salt per 100 g of bread, did not change sales of ‘pan francés’ (P=0·70) or other types of bread (P =0·36). Results were consistent when using different statistical techniques. Conclusions: The introduction of bread with a 20 % reduction in salt is feasible without affecting taste or bakery sales. Results suggest that these interventions are easily implementable, with the potential to contribute to larger sodium reduction strategies impacting the population’s cardiovascular health.

4

Hinerasky, Christiane [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of continuous vocational training using microeconometric methods : studies in applied settings, a quasi-experimental survey analysis, and conceptual considerations. / Christiane Hinerasky". Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070276243/34.

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5

Wirén, Sacharias. "Working against anti-religious prejudice? : A mixed-method evaluation of ‘Together for Sweden’s storytelling method from a social psychology perspective". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412802.

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The purpose of this study was to provide an initial evaluation of the effect of ‘Together for Sweden’s (TFS) storytelling method regarding anti-religious prejudice, based on a social identity perspective. Furthermore, the aim was to understand the possible self-perceived changes that the storytelling method contributes to regarding anti-religious prejudice. The study applied a mixed-method approach with a quasi-experimental design. The quantitative data collection consisted of a pre-and posttest with an experiment and control condition. The qualitative data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews with participants from the experiment condition. The quantitative results point to a positive self-perceived change in anti-religious prejudice. However, the change was small and not statistically significant in relation to the control condition. The qualitative find suggests that for some participants, the storytelling could provide an opportunity for a positive intergroup contact, counter-examples, counter-stereotypic information as well as addressing the categorization process through multiple and shared group memberships. The qualitative findings also point to a change regarding the view of religious people but not concerning the view of religion. This, together with a mixed response regarding affective shifts and a lack of intentional shifts, can help to explain the quantitative results. The findings of the study address the need to evaluate prejudice-reduction intervention in a school context as well as the need to test a social identity perspective outside a laboratory context. It also provided a first and tentative assessment of TFS’ storytelling method, which can contribute to a further adjustment of the method or future in-schools interventions.

6

Tshabalala, Jan. "A model of cognitive behavioural therapy for HIV-positive women to assist them in dealing with stigma". Thesis, Pretoria : [S.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172009-130134/.

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Vieux-Champagne, Florent. "Analyse de la vulnérabilité sismique des structures à ossature en bois avec remplissage : essais expérimentaux - modélisation numérique - calculs parasismiques". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI085/document.

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Les séismes constituent une source d’aléas importante pour l’étude de la vulnérabilité d’unbâtiment. Le comportement parasismique des bâtiments à ossatures en bois est particulièrementintéressant. Deux familles de structure à ossature en bois peuvent être distinguées : les ossaturesutilisant les produits industriels que sont les panneaux en bois reconstitué servant à contreventerla structure et les connecteurs métalliques, et les ossatures traditionnelles avec remplissage reposantsur des techniques de construction anciennes et dépendantes du contexte local. L’efficacitédu comportement parasismique des bâtiments à ossature en bois traditionnels avec remplissagereste encore peu reconnue en raison du manque de résultats issus des travaux de recherche.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent ainsi à améliorer les connaissances sur le comportementparasismique de cette typologie constructive. Partant de l’hypothèse selon laquellece comportement est gouverné par la réponse des assemblages par connecteurs métalliques, uneapproche multi-échelles, couplant études expérimentales et études numériques est développée.Elle détaille l’analyse à l’échelle 1 de la connexion, en passant par l’échelle 2 des cellules élémentaires,constitutives des murs, par l’échelle 3 des murs de contreventement pour se finaliserà l’échelle 4 du bâtiment dans son ensemble.Sur le plan expérimental, cette approche permet d’une part, de réaliser des études paramétriqueset ainsi d’appréhender l’influence de la réponse de chaque élément (bois, clous, feuillard,remplissage, contreventement, ouvertures) sur le comportement local (échelles 1 et 2) et global(échelles 3 et 4) de la structure. D’autre part, elle permet de fournir une base de données pourla validation des modélisations numériques aux différentes échelles.Sur le plan de la modélisation numérique, cette approche multi-échelles est fondée sur la priseen compte du comportement non-linéaire hystérétique des assemblages à l’échelle supérieure, parl’intermédiaire d’un macro-élément, développé dans la cadre de la méthode des éléments finis.Ainsi, grâce à une modélisation simplifiée (assemblage des macro-éléments), le calcul est rapide,aussi bien à l’échelle du mur qu’à celle du bâtiment, et intègre les phénomènes non-linéaire locaux.Le modèle peut ainsi prédire de manière relativement précise le comportement dynamique de lastructure complète à l’échelle 4, testée sur table vibrante.L’étude présentée dans ce manuscrit fait partie des travaux précurseurs relatifs à l’analysede la vulnérabilité sismique des ossatures bois avec remplissage. Cette étude débouche sur denombreuses perspectives pour l’analyse de cette typologie constructive. Elle confirme que les bâtimentsà ossatures en bois avec remplissage ont un comportement parasismique très performant
The seismic vulnerabilty is an important issue in the design of a building. The seismicresistant behavior of timber-framed structures is particularly relevant. Two types of timberframedstructures can be distinguished : the timber-framed structures using industrial products,such as wood-products panels used to brace the structure or metal fasteners, and traditionaltimber-framed structures included infill made of natuarl materials (earth or stones masonry).The seismic resistant behavior efficiency of traditional structures remains poorly recognizedbecause of the lack of research results on this kind of construction.Therefore, the thesis aims at improving the seismic behavior knowledge of timber-framedmasonry. Based on the assumption that their behavior is driven by the response of the metalfasteners connections, a multi-scale approach is proposed. It couples experimental and numericalstudies. At the scale 1 of the connection, at the scale 2 of the elementary constitutive cell ofwalls, at the scale 3 of structural elements such as shear walls and finally at the scale 4 of theentire building.In regards to the experimental work, this method allows, on the one hand, to perform parametricstudies and to analyze the influence of each element (wood member, nails, steel strip,infill, bracing, openings) on the local behavior (scales 1 and 2) and on the global behavior(scales 3 and 4) of the structure. On the other hand, it allows to provide a database to validatethe numerical modeling at each scale.In regards to the numerical work, this multi-scale approach allows to take into account thehysteretic behavior of joints in the development of a macro-element at the scale 2. Thus, thanksto a simplified finite element modeling (macro-element assembly), the computational cost islimited and it allows to take into account the local phenomena. The model is able to predictrelatively accurately the dynamic behavior at the scale 4 of the building, tested on a shakingtable.The study, presented herein, is one of the pioneer work that deals with the analysis of theseismic vulnerability of timber-framed structures with infill panels. This study provides outlookfor the analysis of this type of buildings. It confirms that the timbered masonry structures havea relevant seismic resistant behavior

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Schmid, Simone Rita. "Erfolgsfaktor Team!?" Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-207566.

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Die übergeordnete Zielstellung der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, Bedingungsfaktoren erfolgreicher Teamarbeit anhand von Forschungsarbeiten aus unterschiedlichen Fachrichtungen herauszuarbeiten und diese anhand eigener Studien zu sogenannten Actionteams empirisch zu überprüfen. Hierfür wird auf Grundlage einer umfangreichen Literaturanalyse ein Rahmenforschungsmodell zur Teamarbeit synthetisiert sowie ein Verhaltensmarker Ansatz zur Erfassung und Bewertung von Team(arbeits)prozessen in kritischen Situationen entwickelt und erprobt. Demzufolge ist die Arbeit in zwei Teile aufgebaut: Im ersten Schritt wird theoriegeleitet ein Forschungsmodell zur Teamarbeit abgeleitet und durch sekundäranalytische Auswertungen von elitären Actionteams überprüft. Darauf aufbauend, wird ein Verhaltensmarker-Ansatz zur Messung und Bewertung von potentiell trainierbaren Team(arbeits)prozessen konzipiert und an Rettungsdienstteams in einer high-fidelity-Simulation experimentell evaluiert. Der Fokus im ersten Teil der Arbeit liegt auf der theoriegeleiteten Entwicklung des Forschungsmodells, welches Teamarbeit in folgende analytisch unterscheidbare Dimensionen differenziert: emergent states (shared mental models, mutual trust und group potency) und Teamprozesse (team orientation, team leadership, mutual performance monitoring, backup behavior, adaptability und closed loop communication). Dieses Forschungsmodell wurde mit einer Sekundäranalyse von Fragebogen- und Interviewdaten zu einer Stichprobe von elitären Actionteammitgliedern geprüft und empirisch bestätigt. Die quantitative Analyse von Fragebogendaten zeigt bei den elitären Actionteammitgliedern (n = 132) positive signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen den emergent states und Teamprozessen. Im direkten Abgleich mit nichtelitären Actionteammitgliedern (n = 133) zeigten sich bei den elitären Actionteammitgliedern durchweg höhere Ausprägungen in den Teamarbeitsdimensionen (erste Forschungsfrage). Des Weiteren wurde untersucht, ob eine Beziehung zwischen Teamarbeitsdimensionen und verschiedenen Teamtypen (contending teams, critical teams und performing teams) besteht. Die inhaltsanalytische Auswertung von qualitativen Interviewdaten elitärer Actionteammitglieder (n = 51) wie auch statistische Analysen standardisierter Fragebogendaten elitärer Actionteammitglieder (n = 132) legen eine Beziehung nahe. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass sich die beiden Teamtypen contending teams und performing teams am stärksten in den Teamarbeitsdimensionen team leadership und adaptability unterscheiden (zweite Forschungsfrage). Das Hauptanliegen des zweiten Teils der Arbeit besteht darin, zu testen, ob die im ersten Arbeitsteil als erfolgskritisch identifizierten Team(arbeits)prozesse, nach einer Schulungs- und Trainingsintervention mit einer erhöhten Leistungsfähigkeit einhergehen. Dazu wird aus den Erkenntnissen des ersten Teils und unter Rückgriff auf aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse ein Verhaltensmarker-Ansatz entwickelt. Zur Überprüfung, ob und wie durch eine Verbesserung der Team(arbeits)prozesse die Leistungsfähigkeit von Actionteams gesteigert werden kann, wurde eine quasi-experimentelle Simulations-Studie mit einem Experimental- und Kontrollgruppen-Design durchgeführt. Um mit dem entwickelten prozessanalytischen Messinstrument die Team(arbeits)prozesse praktizierender Rettungsdienstmitglieder in kritischen Situationen zu erfassen, wurde eine Simulation als Zwischenform einer Labor- und Felduntersuchung gewählt. Insgesamt nahmen 96 Teilnehmer an der Studie teil, die in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt wurden. Der Teilnehmerkreis eins (T1; n = 47) erhielt vor der Simulation eine Schulungs- und Trainingsmaßnahme und der Teilnehmerkreis zwei (T2; n = 49) erhielt diese nachher. Anschließend wurde eine Teilstichprobe mit jeweils 10 Personen aus dem Teilnehmerkreis eins (T1) als Experimentalgruppenteilnehmer (n = 10) und aus dem Teilnehmerkreis zwei (T2) als Kontrollgruppenteilnehmer (n =10) zufällig ausgewählt. Die Experimental- und Kontrollgruppenteammitglieder absolvierten in einer high-fidelity-Simulation ein komplexes und mit kritischen Situationen konzipiertes Fallbeispiel. Die Bewertung der Team(arbeits)prozesse und des Teamerfolges erfolgte durch eine offene, passiv teilnehmende Beobachtung und wurde mittels Beobachtungsbogen von sechs Experten während der Simulation protokolliert. Des Weiteren wurde das Verhalten der Teammitglieder anhand aufgezeichneter Videodateien mit einer Videointeraktionsanalyse bewertet. Die Ratingübereinstimmung zwischen den Beobachtungsdaten der teilnehmenden Forscher vor Ort mit den Videoauswertungen der unabhängigen Experten im Nachgang lassen erkennen, dass das entwickelte prozessanalytische Verfahren zur Messung und Bewertung von Team(arbeits)prozessen geeignet ist, reliabel und objektiv die Leistungsfähigkeit von Rettungsdienstteams in kritischen Situationen zu erfassen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die als erfolgskritisch und potentiell trainierbar identifizierten Team(arbeits)prozesse durch eine Schulungs- und Trainingsmaßnahme gesteigert werden konnten. Hierbei verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse des Experimental- und Kontrollgruppenvergleichs, dass insbesondere die Reflexions-, Teamführungs- und Koordinationsprozesse verbessert werden konnten. Auch lag der Teamerfolg, gemessen an der Anzahl richtig gewählter und ausgeführter Maßnahmen, die in einem zeitlich vorgegebenen Rahmen durchgeführt wurden, bei den Experimentalgruppen etwas höher als bei den Kontrollgruppen. Zusammenfassend liegen mit dieser Arbeit erste empirische Befunde eines quasi-experimentellen und multi-methodischen Forschungs- bzw. Evaluationsdesigns vor, die aufzeigen, welche erfolgskritischen Team(arbeits)prozesse die Leistungsfähigkeit von Actionteams in kritischen Situationen steigern können.

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Hui-ChunChiang e 江慧君. "Experimental and Numerical Studies of Quasi-static compression behavior and Dynamic Rolling Contact Responses for Pneumatic Bicycle Tires". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18860871577788640825.

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碩士
國立成功大學
航空太空工程學系碩博士班
98
The purpose of this work is to study the rolling contact response of inflated pneumatic radial bicycle tires with a half vertical car weight loaded initially. Tires were designed to roll over a specific 75mm hight speed bump and 100 mm height speed hump obstacle on a dry roadway at a prescribed incident speed. The dynamic interactive response between the road bump and tire are examined numerically. Tire structure contains the rubber tread and reinforcing composite layers (i.e., the inner layer, carcass, bead filler and bead wires). The Mooney-Rivlin constitute law was adopted to describe the large deformation and non-linear behavior of rubber material which be obtained from the experimental data of force and displacement curve. The classical laminated theory was used to model the mechanical response for the reinforcing composite layers. In the present study, the 26”x1.5” radial tires with the smooth pattern were chosen to study the dynamic contact rolling response when tires roll over the speed bump and speed hump obstacle on a dry pavement. Finite Element Commercial Codes – LS-DYNA were used to simulate the smooth pattern tire’s qusi-static response in order to compare the normal contact forces obtained from both FEM commercial codes and compressive test data. It reveals that both experiment data and LS-DYNA simulated normal contact forces for the wheel compressing on the compression device. Current LS-DYNA tire models for four tread patterns mentioned above were then used to simulate the complete process of the tire rolling over two kinds of prescribed obstacle. It is noted that tires were numerically inflated to 240 kPa and loaded with a half bicycle weight initially, and the tires were then accelerated from rest on a dry-flat pavement up to velocities of 10、20 and 30 km/hr. The tires were then in contact with a prescribed 75 mm height road bump and 100mm height road hump. The lateral contact force and the normal contact force of the above mentioned simulation velocities on tires with two tread patterns rolling over bump and hump were obtained and reported. Detailed simulated results were also reported.

10

Adenubi, Adewole Oluseyi. "The effect of using animated computer 3-D figures illustration in the learning of polyhedron in geometry". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23611.

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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of using animated computer 3-D figures illustration (ACTDFI) in the learning of polyhedron in geometry. By random sampling, intact group of four grade 9 classes in four different schools from a cluster of four educational district schools of Limpopo province in South Africa were selected. The study involved quasi-experimental and inquiry research approaches, the quasi-experimental approach involved pre and posttest design while the inquiry research approach involve classroom observation. There were three experimental groups and a control group with a total of 174 study participants. ACTDFI was used as an intervention for two weeks in the three experimental groups while in the control group, chalk-talk traditional teaching approach was used. Pre-test and post-test was used to collect quantitative data while classroom observation was used to collect qualitative data. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of using animated computer 3-D figures illustration (ACTDFI) in the learning of polyhedron in geometry. By random sampling, intact group of four grade 9 classes in four different schools from a cluster of four educational district schools of Limpopo province in South Africa were selected. The study involved quasi-experimental and inquiry research approaches, the quasi-experimental approach involved pre and posttest design while the inquiry research approach involve classroom observation. There were three experimental groups and a control group with a total of 174 study participants. ACTDFI was used as an intervention for two weeks in the three experimental groups while in the control group, chalk-talk traditional teaching approach was used. Pre-test and post-test was used to collect quantitative data while classroom observation was used to collect qualitative data. The findings from the quantitative Classroom observations were carried out to collect relevant data on how the study participants were taught stationary points in differential calculus, especially with the use of the constructivist pedagogical approach. A suitable observation checklist was developed for this purpose (Appendix 6 refers). Classroom observation checklist is a list of factors to be considered while observing a class. It gives a structure and framework for the observation. suggested that the use of ACTDFI might have improved academic achievement in learning of polyhedron during the intervention, while the qualitative data analysis indicated that the use of ACTDFI in the experimental groups might have facilitated the learning of the concepts of polyhedron. It is therefore recommended that further research is necessary on the application of ACTDFI in the teaching of 3-dimensional shapes at the primary schools
Mathematics Education
M. Sc. (Mathematics Education)

Livros sobre o assunto "Quasi-experimental studies":

1

Rosenbaum, Paul R. Observational studies. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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2

Rosenbaum, Paul R. Observational studies. 2^a ed. New York: Springer, 2002.

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3

Schmidt, Nicole M., Quynh C. Nguyen e Theresa L. Osypuk. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs in Neighborhood Health Effects Research. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843496.003.0006.

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This chapter primarily discusses experiments and quasi-experiments (also known as natural experiments) as designs for examining the causal effect of neighborhood environments on health. The first half of this chapter discusses causal inference, and experimental, quasi-experimental, and longitudinal study designs. These designs are important for causal inference, by providing a clear temporal ordering and the ability to take into account (potential) time lags between exposure to neighborhood environment characteristics and changes in health and health behavior. The second half of the chapter discusses examples in the literature of studies using experimental, quasi-experimental, and longitudinal designs to examine the relationships between neighborhood environments and health. We provide an in-depth empirical look at a large and well-known experiment examining how neighborhoods influence health: the Moving to Opportunity housing policy experiment.

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Streiner, David L., Geoffrey R. Norman e John Cairney. Measuring change. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199685219.003.0011.

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Although the goal of many clinical assessments and research studies is to measure how much people change between two occasions, the measurement of change is fraught with conceptual and methodological difficulties. One of the difficulties is that there are (at least) two different reasons to measure change: to determine if intervention had any effect, and to identify the correlates of change. These two goals work against each other, because the former requires there to be little difference in the amount of change among people in the same group, while the latter depends on inter-individual differences. The chapter also discusses various biases that exist when people are asked directly how much they think they have changed. This chapter addresses the issues of the relationship of change to the reliability of the scale, difficulties of measuring change in experimental and quasi-experimental studies, and new approaches to measuring change, such as growth curve analysis.

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Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., e Charles Glisson. The Impact of ARC in Human Service Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0005.

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This chapter describes empirical support for the ARC model from multiple randomized controlled trials. These trials describe the effects of ARC on organizational culture and climate, organizational priorities, clinicians’ work attitudes, clinicians’ evidence-based practice behaviors, and most importantly, client outcomes. Both the ARC model and the validity of the OSC measurement system are also supported by a number of non-experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Collectively, these studies describe linkages with OSC and related criteria using regional and nationwide samples that are fundamental to explaining the value of the ARC model. Much of this work is referenced throughout the book. In this chapter, the authors focus on the randomized controlled trials to support causal inferences about the effects of ARC, including impact on client outcomes, staff outcomes such as turnover and engagement, as well as impact on evidence-based practices. The evidence also highlights the implications for using ARC strategies in planned efforts to improve service effectiveness.

Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Quasi-experimental studies":

1

Loeber, Rolf, e David P. Farrington. "Advancing Knowledge About Causes in Longitudinal Studies: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Methods". In The Long View of Crime: A Synthesis of Longitudinal Research, 257–79. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71165-2_8.

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Samantray, Abhishek, e Massimo Riccaboni. "Peer Influence in Large Dynamic Network: Quasi-experimental Evidence from Scratch". In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 300–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05414-4_24.

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Olofsson, Åke. "The Relevance of Phonological Awareness in Learning to Read: Scandinavian Longitudinal and Quasi-Experimental Studies". In Reading Disabilities: Diagnosis and Component Processes, 185–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1988-7_8.

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Göbel, Kerstin, Corinne Wyss, Katharina Neuber e Meike Raaflaub. "Student Feedback as a Source for Reflection in Practical Phases of Teacher Education". In Student Feedback on Teaching in Schools, 173–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75150-0_11.

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AbstractThe chapter focuses on the use of student feedback on teaching during practical phases in teacher education. After a brief introduction into the general relevance and validity of students’ perceptions on teaching, and on the use of student feedback for teaching development, core findings from two comparable quasi-experimental studies from Germany and Switzerland are presented in detail. The studies focus on the change of attitudes towards student feedback and towards reflection on teaching. The chapter concludes with a discussion of challenges and opportunities for the use of student feedback as an instrument for reflection on teaching and professional development for pre-service teachers.

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Sato, Takuro. "Experimental". In Transport and NMR Studies of Charge Glass in Organic Conductors with Quasi-triangular Lattices, 23–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5879-0_2.

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Yao, Wei, e Jianwei Wu. "Airborne LiDAR for Detection and Characterization of Urban Objects and Traffic Dynamics". In Urban Informatics, 367–400. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_22.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we present an advanced machine learning strategy to detect objects and characterize traffic dynamics in complex urban areas by airborne LiDAR. Both static and dynamical properties of large-scale urban areas can be characterized in a highly automatic way. First, LiDAR point clouds are colorized by co-registration with images if available. After that, all data points are grid-fitted into the raster format in order to facilitate acquiring spatial context information per-pixel or per-point. Then, various spatial-statistical and spectral features can be extracted using a cuboid volumetric neighborhood. The most important features highlighted by the feature-relevance assessment, such as LiDAR intensity, NDVI, and planarity or covariance-based features, are selected to span the feature space for the AdaBoost classifier. Classification results as labeled points or pixels are acquired based on pre-selected training data for the objects of building, tree, vehicle, and natural ground. Based on the urban classification results, traffic-related vehicle motion can further be indicated and determined by analyzing and inverting the motion artifact model pertinent to airborne LiDAR. The performance of the developed strategy towards detecting various urban objects is extensively evaluated using both public ISPRS benchmarks and peculiar experimental datasets, which were acquired across European and Canadian downtown areas. Both semantic and geometric criteria are used to assess the experimental results at both per-pixel and per-object levels. In the datasets of typical city areas requiring co-registration of imagery and LiDAR point clouds a priori, the AdaBoost classifier achieves a detection accuracy of up to 90% for buildings, up to 72% for trees, and up to 80% for natural ground, while a low and robust false-positive rate is observed for all the test sites regardless of object class to be evaluated. Both theoretical and simulated studies for performance analysis show that the velocity estimation of fast-moving vehicles is promising and accurate, whereas slow-moving ones are hard to distinguish and yet estimated with acceptable velocity accuracy. Moreover, the point density of ALS data tends to be related to system performance. The velocity can be estimated with high accuracy for nearly all possible observation geometries except for those vehicles moving in or (quasi-)along the track. By comparative performance analysis of the test sites, the performance and consistent reliability of the developed strategy for the detection and characterization of urban objects and traffic dynamics from airborne LiDAR data based on selected features was validated and achieved.

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Thyer, Bruce A. "Evaluating and ReportingQuasi-Experimental Studies". In Quasi-Experimental Research Designs, 127–78. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387384.003.0005.

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Laitenberger, Oliver, e Dieter Rombach. "(Quasi-)Experimental Studies in Industrial Settings". In Lecture Notes on Empirical Software Engineering, 167–227. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795588_0005.

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"Single-Participant Experiments, Longitudinal Studies, and Quasi-Experimental Designs". In Understanding and Conducting Research in the Health Sciences, 391–414. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118643624.ch15.

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Coulomb, J. P., N. Floquet, C. Martin, Y. Grillet e J. Patarin. "17-P-05-Confinement in model host materials: experimental study of quasi-(1D) systems". In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 222. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(01)81449-x.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Quasi-experimental studies":

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Brooks, Christopher, Omar Chavez, Jared Tritz e Stephanie Teasley. "Reducing selection bias in quasi-experimental educational studies". In LAK '15: the 5th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2723576.2723614.

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Nicolas, L. "Numerical and experimental studies of quasi-optical high power microwave launchers". In 16th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2297989.

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Shipunov, Gleb S., Maksim A. Baranov, Alexandra A. Tihonova, Alexander S. Nikiforov, Danila V. Golovin e Alexander V. Truhtanov. "Numerical and experimental studies of the mechanical behavior of samples equipped with a sensor layer under quasi-static loads". In 29TH RUSSIAN CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN NATURAL SCIENCES. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0060388.

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Narain, A., M. Kivisalu, R. Naik, N. Gorgitrattanagul, S. Mitra e M. M. Hasan. "Comparative Experimental and Computational Studies for Annular Condensing and Boiling Flows in Millimeter Scale Horizontal Ducts". In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58602.

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This paper describes experimental approaches for ensuring high heat-flux annular flow boiling and flow condensation under conditions for which shear and pressure forces dominate buoyancy effects. The paper also describes fundamental predictive tools for such flows. For annular flows, the liquid phase flows in the form of a wavy film (often micro-meter scale thin) that continuously irrigates the heat-exchange surface inside millimeter scale ducts. Controlled attainments of these annular flow configurations (which experience only second order effects of surface-tension forces) are essential to integration of functional boilers and condensers for certain space-based as well as micro-scale thermal systems. The experiments deal with flow condensation of FC-72 in a 2 mm gap horizontal channel of 1 m length and flow boiling of FC-72 in a 1.6 mm gap horizontal channel of 0.74 m length. For both boiling and condensing flow experiments, annularity of the respective flows is ensured by choice of an appropriate rate of through flow of vapor that does not actively participate in phase-change and has a flow rate which lies within a well defined range. The through flow of vapor is shown to ensure stability, annularity (by effectively suppressing nucleation in the case of flow boiling), and predictability. This fact is demonstrated by relevant flow visualization videos whose schematic and still pictures are included here. Two sets of annular condensing flow simulation results (one based on a full computational fluid dynamics based steady/unsteady simulations and another based on a quasi 1-D steady simulations) are compared against experimental heat-flux measurements obtained for annular shear driven condensing flows of FC-72 vapor. For quasi-steady annular boiling, only the quasi 1-D steady simulations approach is used for comparisons with experimental heat load measurements. The reasonableness of the proposed 1-D predictive engineering tool, with proper understanding of its scope and limitations, enables one to generate useful results for more sophisticated simulations. Furthermore the tool readily yields results/estimates for other working fluids, channel dimensions, and flow conditions.

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Wu, Peng, Dazhuan Wu e Leqin Wang. "Experimental and Numerical Studies of Pump Transient Characteristics During Stopping Period". In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21148.

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Experimental and numerical studies were carried out to study the transient characteristics of the centrifugal pump during stopping periods. Different stopping schemes were realized by changing the rotational inertia of the flywheels. Transient revolution rotational speed, flow-rate, total pressure rise and torque were measured under different rotational inertia. Experimental results of different operating conditions were compared, and transient hydrodynamics performances of the centrifugal pump model were analyzed. In order to provide boundary conditions for numerical simulations, the revolution curves of the flow-rate and the rotational speed were polynomial fitted. Three dimensional unsteady incompressible viscous flows during stopping periods were studied by using DES model in FLUENT. Results show that the hydrodynamic characteristics of numeric and experiment agree well. The transient effect is not so evident, and the quasi-steady assumption is acceptable during most part of coastdown process. The pump characteristics are further explained by analyzing the relative velocity on the middle stream surfaces. At the end of the stopping period, the transient vortex evolution between blades is the main reason why the transient curves deviates the steady curve. The studies can help understand the operating characteristics of centrifugal pump when power failure accident occurs.

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Elsayed, Mostafa S. A., e Damiano Pasini. "Theoretical and Experimental Characterization of the 34.6 2D Lattice Material". In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28158.

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In this paper, the effective mechanical properties of the 34.6 lattice material are characterized theoretically and experimentally. The characterized properties include the stiffness and the strength of the material. A detailed description of the design procedure of the test specimens is presented. Three quasi-static tests are performed, namely, uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression and pure shear. The comparison of the experimental data to the theoretical results shows that the former are in good agreement with the latter. The maximum error obtained of 13% is acceptable according to the literature on experimental studies of cellular solids.

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Darabi, Pirooz, Konstantin Pougatch, Martha Salcudean e Dana Grecov. "Numerical Studies of Stretching Liquid Bridges Between Two Spherical Solid Particles With Different Contact Angles". In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37564.

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Numerical simulations of the governing Navier-Stokes equations are used to predict the rupture and liquid distribution of stretching liquid bridges between two equal-sized solid spherical particles with different liquid-solid contact angles. A commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool — FLUENT — is used. The effects of the capillary number and contact angle on the rupture distance and liquid transfer fraction are studied. The simulation results show that for particles with different contact angles, the rupture distance increases as the capillary number is increased; this is similar to the case of particles with identical contact angles. Also, it is shown that for quasi-static conditions, the rupture distance decreases as the difference between the contact angles is increased. Plots of the variations of the liquid transfer fraction with respect to the capillary number show three zones: (1) for high capillary numbers, liquid is almost equally distributed (dynamic zone); (2) for low capillary numbers, the liquid transfer fraction depends on the contact angles and more liquid is transferred to the particle with the smaller contact angle (quasi-static zone); (3) at intermediate capillary numbers, the curve connecting the above limiting conditions resembles an S-shape (transition zone), showing the dependency of the liquid distribution on both capillary number and contact angles. The trends are consistent with the experimental findings published in the literature.

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Balawi, S., e J. L. Abot. "The Effect of Honeycomb Relative Density on Its Effective Elastic Properties: A Theoretical and Experimental Study". In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14124.

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Honeycombs are discrete materials at the macro scale level but their mechanical properties need to be calculated as a continuum material in order to simplify their design in engineering applications. The effective mechanical properties of honeycombs subjected to quasi-static loading were studied by analytical and numerical means and correlated with experimental results for aluminum honeycombs. In particular, the effective in-plane elastic moduli of honeycombs were studied as a function of their relative density and the full range for the relative density was divided into three regions. Beam models that account for bending, shear and axial deformations and finite element analyses (FEA) of the discrete structure composed of beam and two-dimensional solid elements were correlated with experiments of honeycombs with various relative densities for all regions. It was shown experimentally that the beam models describe well the material response in the direction of the double wall. However, it concludes that the behavior of honeycombs with high relative density can not be described by wall stretching as anticipated in previous reported studies.

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Liu, Kun, Zili Wang e Wenyong Tang. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis on the K-Joint Laterally Impacted by a Knife Edge Indenter". In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77123.

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Experimental and numerical studies are carried out to investigate the performance of K joints of a jack-up structure under lateral impact loading. The dynamic response is studied in a drop weight impact testing machine using three different falling heights and the failure mode and local damages of the specimens were investigated. The experimental results show that the force-time curves corresponding to the three falling heights have similar tendency during the plastic deformation process and three stages are observed in each force-time curve. The failure mode of K joints is commonly concave at the impacted area of the chord member and is buckled at the section near the mid-span of the branch members. When both ends are fixed, the chord member shows the conventional plastic failure mechanism due to bending. Numerical simulations that consider the material nonlinearity are conducted to investigate the performance of K the joints. Coupon tests of the steel are conducted to obtain the mechanical properties under both quasi-static and dynamic conditions; and these test results were then inputted as material properties for the above numerical simulating. Good agreement was achieved between the responses obtained by the FEM and the experimental results.

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Liu, Qiusheng, Katsuya Fukuda, Makoto Shibahara e Shingo Kikumoto. "Transient Heat Transfer for Parallel Flow of Helium Gas Over a Horizontal Plate". In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32205.

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Forced convection transient heat transfer for helium gas at various periods of exponentially increase of heat input to a horizontal plate (ribbon) was experimentally and theoretically studied. In the experimental studies, the authors measured heat flux, surface temperature, and transient heat transfer coefficients for forced convection flow of helium gas over a horizontal plate under wide experimental conditions. The gas flow velocities ranged from 4 to 10 m/s, the gas temperatures ranged from 313 to 353 K, and the periods of heat generation rate, τ, ranged from 46 ms to 17 s. The pressures were from 400 to 800 kPa. It was clarified that the heat transfer coefficient approaches the quasi-steady-state one for the period longer than about 1 s, and it becomes higher for the period shorter than around 1 s. Empirical correlations for quasi-steady-state heat transfer and transient heat transfer were obtained based on the experimental data. In the theoretical study, transient heat transfer was numerically solved based on a turbulent flow model. It was obtained that the surface superheat and heat flux increase exponentially as the heat generation rate increases with the exponential function. The values of numerical solutions for surface temperature and heat flux at the velocity of 6 m/s agree well with the experimental data, though they show some differences at other velocities.

Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Quasi-experimental studies":

1

Sadowski, Dieter. Board-Level Codetermination in Germany - The Importance and Economic Impact of Fiduciary Duties. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, maio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4304.

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The empirical accounts of the costs and benefits of quasi-parity codetermined supervisory boards, a very special German institution, have long been inconclusive. A valid economic analysis of a particular legal regulation must take the legal specificities seriously, otherwise it will be easily lost in economic fictions of functional equivalence. At its core the corporate actor “supervisory board” has no a priori objective function to be maximised – the corner stone of the theory of the firm – but its objective function will only be brought about a posteriori – should negotiations result in an agreement (E. Fraenkel). With this understanding,the paper presents six recent quasi-experimental studies on the economic (dis) advantageousness of the German codetermination laws that try to follow the rules of causal inference despite the lack of random variation. By and large they refute the hold-up model of codetermination by showing positive or nonnegative effects even on shareholder wealth – and a far-reaching improvement of the well-being of the core workforce. In conclusion, indications are offered that the shareholder primacy movement has only weakened, but not dissolved the “Deutschland AG”.

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Camenzind, Lauren, Molly Kafader, Rachel Schwam, Mikayla Taylor, Zoie Wilkes e Madison Williams. Space Retrieval Training for Memory Enhancement in Adults with Dementia. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, maio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0013.

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The final portfolio contains 8 research articles from national and international journals. Study designs include one systematic review, one randomized control trial with pretest-posttest design, three small-scale randomized control trials, one quasi-experimental study with no control, one time-series study, and one case study. All studies relate directly to components of the evidence-based practice question and will be used to draft new recommendations for implementation regarding spaced retrieval training for memory enhancement in adults with dementia. Seven out of the eight articles looked at the effects of SR techniques on functional tasks. Articles looked at eating difficulty (1), independent use of walkers (1), iADL function (3), use of technology (1), and ADL function (1). One out of eight articles looked at benefits of spaced retrieval techniques on episodic memory, which is not necessarily a functional task, but is needed to perform functional tasks.

3

Katz, Sabrina, Miguel Algarin e Emanuel Hernandez. Structuring for Exit: New Approaches for Private Capital in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003074.

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Structured financing solutions encompass a range of investment approaches that provide liquidity to investors without the need for a traditional equity exit event, such as a strategic sale, sale to another financial investor, or public market listing. Structuring mechanisms across the debt-to-equity spectrum determine the exit terms of the deal, therefore providing considerable downside protection to investors. Structured financing solutions are an incipient but increasingly important set of tools for investors active in Latin America to address the financing gap for companies that lack access to bank financing and are not attractive targets for traditional PE and VC players. Many investors employing these strategies are in an experimental phase, reporting new lessons learned with each deal completed. Impact investors have been among the top drivers of these structuring innovations, as they have grappled with the additional limitations associated with the straight equity model for environmental or social enterprises. However, the use of structured financing is by no means restricted to the impact investing space. Fund managers have invested USD4b in private credit deals in Latin America since 2018, more than the previous ten years combined. PE and VC investors have also increasingly employed quasi-equity and debt instruments. ACON Investments, for example, has employed mezzanine structures in several deals from its latest funds. Brazil-focused venture capital firm SP Ventures has recently begun investing from its debut venture debt fund. Growing experimentation by fund managers demonstrates the opportunity for investors across ticket sizes, strategies, and the impact-to-commercial spectrum. The structures discussed and the case studies highlighted in this report contain some of the major lessons applicable to a wide group of private capital investors in Latin America targeting certain and timely exits with consistent returns.