Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Récepteur de la sérotonine 2A"
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Ayme-Dietrich, Estelle. "Implication de la sérotonine et des récepteurs 5-HT 2A/2B dans le remodelage des valves cardiaques et des bioprothèses valvulaires". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ099.
Texto completo da fonteSeveral studies have established an association between some cardiac valve injuries and overexpression of the serotonergic system. Valve lesions are observed following carcinoid tumours (with high blood levels of 5-HT) and during the chronic use of 5-HT2 serotonergic agonists (ergot derivatives or fenfluramines). The current dogma is based on a mitogenic effect of serotonin, by activating 5-HT2B receptors, leading to resident valvular cells proliferation, but does not explain the degeneration of acellular cardiac bioprosthesis. Our work identified endothelial progenitor cells (CD34 + / CD309 +), expressing 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors, in human aortic and mitral valve lesions, regardless of the etiology of their degeneration. Our work highlights the dual role of serotonin in valvular degeneration: 1) stimulation of the 5-HT2B receptor contributes to blood mobilization of CD34+ progenitors (recruited from the bone marrow, and migrating in the valve tissue), 2) the role of 5-HT2 receptors in the transdifferentiation of endothelial progenitor cells in activated valvular cells. The results of this work could drive to the development of 1) a predictive biomarker of cardiac valve injuries in high-risk populations, 2) a model to study heart valve disease cellular and molecular mechanisms, and 3) identify therapeutic targets around the serotonergic system, to slower the progression of the lesions and delay surgical replacement, the only current alternative
Butler, Jasmine J. "Action of 5-HT2A receptors on neurotransmitter systems in the mouse brain : application to psychedelics". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0026.
Texto completo da fonteThe serotonin 2A receptor subtype (5-HT2AR) has gained interest following a resurgenceof clinical and pre-clinical research on serotonergic psychedelics, compounds withconverging agonist action on the 5-HT2AR. Psychedelics have antidepressant andanxiolytic properties, particularly when paired with therapy. Antagonism at the 5-HT2AR,as part of the pharmacological profile of atypical antipsychotics, may have benefits forschizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite their clinical relevance, the known impact of5-HT2ARs on brain function, particularly neurotransmission, is limited. Functional brainnetworks have been conceptualised by correlating electrical or metabolic neuroimagingsignals between brain regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging orencephalography. These studies have shown that psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonists alterthe connectivity of these brain-wide networks. However, neuroimaging is currently unableto assess the neurochemistry of neurotransmitter systems and their interplay. This thesisaddresses the hypothesis that psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonists disrupt the functionalorganization of brain-wide neurotransmitter systems. Tissue content of both classical(glutamate and GABA) and monoaminergic (serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline)neurotransmitters and their metabolites were measured in 28 regions of the mouse brainfollowing high-affinity 5-HT2AR agonist and antagonist, TCB-2 and MDL100,907respectively. To promote a coherent organisation of neurotransmitter systems mice wereplaced in a forced exploration paradigm and their behaviour was filmed before postmortemneurochemical quantification. A significant challenge of this thesis lies inmanipulating such a large neurochemical dataset that, beyond quantitative modulation,allows for a correlative approach incorporating graph theory to build networks ofneurochemical connectivity. This novel analysis prompted the development of code toaccompany the launch of a neurochemical database, including this dataset, makinganalysis using this new approach accessible.The obtained results demonstrate that a variety of compounds across the 28 brain regionsform distinct neurobiological networks that can be monitored with high-pressure liquidchromatography coupled to electrochemical detection. A striking density ofneurochemical correlations between brain regions in vehicle-treated animals wasobserved, with a distinct regional organisation for dopamine and noradrenaline. The 5-HT2AR agonist TCB-2 (0.3, 3, and 10 mg/kg) as well as the 5-HT2AR antagonist MDL-100,907 (0.2 mg/kg) reduced the number of correlations and disrupted the organisationof correlations for all neurotransmitters across the brain. Some effects of TCB-2, notablyon serotonergic parameters were independent of 5-HT2ARs in several brain regions.Other effects including behavioural parameters such as head twitches or components ofthe exploratory behaviour, as well as the levels of serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenalinein the anterior cingulate cortex were reduced by MDL-100,907 pretreatment. MDL-100,907 alone had very few effects on the quantity of neurochemicals across brainregions. Overall, this thesis highlights that 5-HT2ARs likely play an important role iniiiorganising the coherence of neurotransmitter systems in response to a forced exploratorybehaviour whether or not it is associated with quantitative changes. The thesis offers anew paradigm to address the function of neurotransmitter systems. It enlarges theunderstanding of the mechanism of psychedelic action in the brain including vast brainterritories (sensory, motor, cognitive) with some lateralized effects, and alteredconnectivity of neurotransmission systems
Lucas, Guillaume. "Etude in vivo des modalités d'intervention de la sérotonine et des récepteurs sérotoninergiques de type 5-HT/2A/2C, 5-HT3 et 5-HT4 dans le contrôle de la transmission dopaminergique nigro-striée et mésoaccumbale chez le rat". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28692.
Texto completo da fonteDi, Scala Emmanuella. "Implication du récepteur 5-HT₄cardiaque humain dans la fibrillation auriculaire : rôle d'auto-anticorps dirigés contre ce récepteur ?" Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4042.
Texto completo da fonteOur studies show for the first time the presence of auto-immune antibodies targeted against the 5-HT4 receptor in the sera of patients suffering from idiopathic paroxystic atrial fibrillation. Neither these human antibodies nor the polyclonal antibody (anti-G21V) raised in rabbit against the second extracellular loop of the 5-HT receptor, had any detectible effect upon the production of intracellular cAMP in enzymatically isolated human atrial myocytes. While previous studies from this laboratory have shown that antiG21V could inhibit activation by 5-HT of the L-type Ca2+ current in human myocytes. The difference between these results might suggest that the polyclonal antibody either activates a signalling pathway that does not involve cAMP, or operates in functional microdomains localised with the Ca2+ channels
Tournois-Hirzel, Claire. "Récepteur 5-HT 2B murin : voies de transduction et isoformes". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05P626.
Texto completo da fonteAlexandre, Chloé. "Sérotonine et états de vigilance : implications du transporteur et des récepteurs 5-HT1A et 5-HT1B de la sérotonine dans la régulation du sommeil chez la souris". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066553.
Texto completo da fonteJaffré, Fabrice. "Rôle du récepteur 5-HT2B de la sérotonine dans l'hypertrophie cardiaque pathologique". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066617.
Texto completo da fonteMurat, Samy. "La phosphorylation du récepteur mGlu₂ du glutamate : mécanisme clé de son cross talk fonctionnel avec le récepteur 5-HT2A de la sérotonine". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT002/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe serotonin 5-HT2A and glutamate mGlu2 receptors keep on attracting particular attention given their implication in psychosis associated with schizophrenia and in the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics and of a new class of antipsychotics, respectively. Though atypical antipsychotics, targeting 5-HT2A receptor, are efficient against positive symptoms, these drugs do not act against negative, cognitive symptoms and display many side effects. Since the 90’s, new classes of antipsychotics triggering glutamatergic system, in particular mGlu2 receptor, have been developed. Their clinical trials have shown efficacy only in patients who have not been previously treated with atypical antipsychotics. This suggests a strong interaction between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptors in the mechanism of action of both classes of antipsychotics. Moreover, a large body of evidence indicates the presence, in prefontal cortex, of 5-HT2A/mGlu2 heteromer that is important for the response to hallucinogens and antipsychotics targeting one receptor or the other. Thus, in view of the importance of the phosphorylation profile adopted by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) on their activity, I characterized the impact of 5-HT2A receptor co-expression on the phosphorylation profile of mGlu2 receptor in response to various stimulations. Among the five identified phosphorylated residues, the phosphorylation of Ser843 increases upon mGlu2 receptor stimulation only when the 5-HT2A receptor is co-expressed. A new antibody against the phosphorylated form of Ser843 confirmed these results in HEK-293 cells and in mouse prefrontal cortex, area where both receptors are co-expressed. Functional studies demonstrated that Ser843 phosphorylation is necessary to enhance Gi/o signaling of mGlu2 receptor and constitutes a functional crosstalk between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptor since 5-HT2A receptor agonists also stimulate Ser843 phosphorylation. Collectively, my thesis findings identify mGlu2 receptor phosphorylation at Ser843 as a key molecular event of the functional crosstalk with 5-HT2A receptor that might be critical to understand the mechanism of action of atypical and potential future antipsychotics treatments
Quentin, Emily. "Contribution du récepteur 5-HT2B dans la transmission sérotoninergique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066628/document.
Texto completo da fonteSerotonergic neurons are organized in complex networks interacting with other neurotransmitter systems in the brain. The 5-HT2B receptor contribution in these networks remains unclear. Using 5-HT2B receptor genetic ablation or a viral overexpression in the serotoninergic neurons, we have demonstrated its participation to the excitability of these neurons. In fact, 5-HT2B receptors are necessary for serotonin accumulation induced by ecstasy and antidepressants effects. Moreover, 5-HT2B receptors activation counteracts the 5-HT1A dependant inhibition on serotonergic neurons activity. Here we propose 5-HT2B receptor as positive modulator of serotonergic neurons. Then, studying 5-HT2B receptors and CIPP scaffold protein interaction allow us to identify the subcellular distribution of the receptor and a functional role of CIPP. Indeed, overexpression of both proteins in primary hippocampal cultures of neurons increases 5-HT2B receptors somatodendritic targeting at excitatory synapses. Thus CIPP increases dendritic calcium release dependent on 5-HT2B receptor stimulation. In synergy with CIPP, this stimulation increases NMDA receptors clustering suggesting a role in synaptic plasticity that could explain some of the previous findings
Duhr, Fanny. "Voies de signalisation associées au récepteur 5-HT6 et développement neuronal". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT042/document.
Texto completo da fonteBrain circuitry patterning is a complex, highly regulated process. Alteration of this process is affected gives rise to various neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), which are both characterized by a wide spectrum of deficits. Serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6 receptor), which is known for its implication in neuronal migration process, has been identified as a key therapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia, but also in neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease. However, the signalling mechanisms knowned to be activated by the 5-HT6 receptor do not explain its involvement in neurodevelopmental processes. My thesis project therefore aimed at characterizing the signalling pathways engaged by 5-HT6 receptor during neural development. A proteomic approach allowed me to show that the 5-HT6 receptor was interacting with several proteins playing crucial roles in neurodevelopmental processes such as Cdk5 or WAVE-1. I then demonstrated that, besides its role in neuronal migration, the 5-HT6 receptor was also involved in neurite growth through constitutive phosphorylation of 5-HT6 receptor at Ser350 by associated Cdk5, a process leading to an increase in Cdc42 activity. The second part of my work aimed at understanding the role of 5-HT6 receptor in dendritic spines morphogenesis, and the involvement of WAVE-1 and Cdk5 in this process. These results provide new insights into the control of neurodevelopemental processes by 5-HT6 receptor. Thus, 5-HT6 receptor appears to be a key therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental disorders by contributing to the development of cognitive circuitry related to the pathophysiology of ASD or schizophrenia
Carrel, Damien. "Mécanismes d'adressage des recepteurs 5-HT1A et 5-HT1B de la sérotonine : caractérisation de motifs dans la séquence des récepteurs et identification de protéines partenaires". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066346.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Maître Erwann. "Le système nociceptine/récepteur NOP : Implication dans le mode d'action des antidépresseurs, dans la dépression et l'anxiété, et relations avec le système sérotoninergique". Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES028.
Texto completo da fonteThe NOP receptor and its endogenous agonist nociceptin, were particularly abundant in limbic areas containing monoamines, which are implicated in emotional regulation. We demonstrated that NOP receptors density and functionality were modified after antidepressant treatments, particularly in the dorsal raphe nucleus, region involved in antidepressant action as specific inhibitors of serotonin uptake. Furthermore, we have shown that NOP receptors were located in serotoninergic neurons in this cerebral region. Studies in an animal model of depression developped in our laboratory (H/Rouen mice) , showed that NOP receptors density and functionality were higher in helpness mice, compared to non helpness mice. On the opposite, NOP receptors functionality were weak in anxious compared to non anxious mice. To conclude, these results demonstrate that nociceptin/NOP receptor system is involved in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety
Russo, Olivier. "Récepteurs 5-HT4 de la sérotonine : étude de la dimérisation du récepteur ; conception de nouveaux agonistes". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114838.
Texto completo da fonteSerotonin receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptors family, and it has been showed recently that 5-HT4 receptors (5-HT4Rs) activation potentates learning and memory processes and results in the secretion of sAPPa, a soluble protein that has putative neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. Thus, 5-HT4 agonists represent a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we describe the synthesis of specific bivalent ligands, and two chemical libraries generated by solid-phase chemistry. A pharmacological evaluation has shown that several compounds behave as agonists, and a BRET-based test showed that bivalent ligands bind to a 5-HT4R dimer. Some compounds have been evaluated by administration to healthy mice. The results show that the selected compounds can induce sAPPa production in the cortex and the hippocampus after a single injection, comforting the potential of our compounds for the treatment of AD
Claeysen, Sylvie. "Le récepteur sérotoninergique 5-HT4 et ses variants : du gène à la transduction du signal". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20123.
Texto completo da fonteJoubert, Lara. "Le récepteur 5-HT4 : états conformationnels et protéines d'intéraction". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20021.
Texto completo da fonteGraveleau, Christophe. "Caractérisation pharmacologique et moléculaire du récepteur de la sérotonine des cellules de la granulosa humaine". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T060.
Texto completo da fonteThe serotonin (5-HT) is present in the human follicular fluid (Bodis J 1992) and stimulates the production of progesterone from the human granulosa lutein cells or HGLC (Bodis J 1993) by an unknown mechanism. The project attributed to me consisted of characterizing the action of 5-HT on HGLC. Sequence data revealed the presence by HGLC of the entire mRNA specifie of the h5-HT7 receptor. Northem analysis confirmed a transcription ofh5-HT7 receptor from HGLC, with a rate inversely proportional to the duration of culture. I could also demonstrated the presence of the three splice variants h5-HT7a, h5-HT7b and h5-HT7ct using RT-PCR and Southem blotting. The adenylate cyclase assay on HGLC membrane preparation revealed an enzymatic stimulation obtained with agonists classified below in a rank order of affinity : 5-CT (pECso = 9,49 ± 0,20) > 5-MT (pEC5o = 8,09 ± 0,50);::: 5-HT (pEC50 = 7,97 ± 0,18) and an inhibition of 5-HT-stimulation with mianserin, clozapine, amoxapine, butaclamol and loxapine. This data, confirmed by cAMP assay directly on cells, demonstrates the functional presence of h5-HT7 receptor on hGLC. A negative regulation of 5-HT on hCG stimulated cAMP production could be demonstrated on the HGLC. Further, I demonstrated a high concentration of 5-HT-binding sites (Bmax = 3,41 pmol mg-1) on membrane from hGLC with pK0 = 9,48 and pK1 = 9,49 similar to the constant of the h5-HT7 receptor. A synergism with the ANP on 5-HT-stimulated progesterone production from HGLC was also observed. In conclusion, I have demonstrated within the HGLC, the presence of the h5-HT7 a, h5-HT7b and h5-HT7d , receptors that, once activated, trigger off the adenylate cyclase stimulation, cAMP production and progesterone production by cultured hGLC. This results assign for the first time an ovarian steroidogenic role to the 5- HT7 receptor
Berthouze, Magali. "Étude structurale et fonctionnelle de la dimérisation du récepteur 5-HT 4 de la sérotonine". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114835.
Texto completo da fonteLes récepteurs 5-HT4 de la sérotonine sont des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (RCPG). Les RCPGs peuvent se dimériser, ce qui influence leurs propriétés pharmacologiques. Les récepteurs 5-HT4 étant impliqués dans d'importants processus physiologiques, nous avons étudié leur processus de dimérisation. Nous avons montré par co-immunoprécipitation et Bioluminescence Resonnance Energy Transfert, que les isoformes 5-HT4 s'homodimérisent et s'hétérodimérisent constitutivement, entre elles et avec le récepteur β2-adrénergique. Le dimère de récepteur 5-HT4 est sensible au dithiothréitol (agent réducteur de ponts disulfures). La mutation de deux cystéines localisées dans les domaines transmembranaires 3 et 4, inhibe la dimérisation du récepteur 5-HT4 et entraîne sa rétention dans le réticulum endoplasmique. Des ligands bivalents spécifiques du récepteur 5-HT4 ne présentent pas d'affinité ou d'efficacité particulière pour le récepteur 5-HT4 mais peuvent stabiliser les dimères de récepteurs
Labasque, Marilyne. "La calmoduline, un partenaire du récepteur 2C de la sérotonine essentiel à la signalisation indépendante des protéines G et dépendante des arrestines du récepteur". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T016.
Texto completo da fonteLairez, Olivier. "Influence de la sérotonine et de son récepteur 5-HT2A sur le remodelage ventriculaire au cours de l'insuffisance cardiaque". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1030/.
Texto completo da fonteHeart failure is a systemic disease involving neuro-hormonal adaptive systems that participate to ventricular remodeling and maintain cardiac dysfunction. Plasmatic and platelets serotonin are increased in patients with heart failure suggesting a role during ventricular remodeling. The aim of this work was to specify in vivo the role of serotonin and its receptor 5-HT2A during ventricular remodeling that is a determinant step of heart failure. In a first part, we studied the cardiac phenotype of mice knock-out for monoamine oxidase – A (MAO – A, serotonin degradation enzyme) which display elevated circulating levels of serotonin. With this study, we showed that mice knock-out for MAO – A display elevated intramyocardial serotonins levels with exacerbated hypertrophic response without myocardial dysfunction. This increased hypertrophic response and the histological and molecular signs of ventricular remodeling are prevented by selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist administration. In a second part, we explored the role of the 5-HT2A receptor during the transition phase between adapted concentric hypertrophic response and non-adapted eccentric hypertrophic response with ventricular dysfunction after aortic banding in C57/Bl6 wild type mice. In this study, we showed that selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 administration prevents concentric hypertrophic response after aortic banding but precipitates evolution to heart failure. These results suggest that 5-HT2A receptor could have a protecting effect during pressure overload by favoring adapted hypertrophy and preventing from ventricular dysfunction. From these results, we designed a clinical trial, funded by Conseil Régional Midi-Pyrénées, aim to assess correlation between serotonin circulating levels and myocardial hypertrophic response during aortic stenosis in human. Findings show that the serotonin and its 5-HT2A receptor participate to ventricular remodeling during pressure overload by favoring adapted myocardial hypertrophic response
Al, Awabdh Sana. "Mécanisme d'adressage dendritique du récepteur 5-HT1A de la sérotonine : identification de Yif1B, protéine d'échafaudage essentielle au recrutement de Rab6, Yip1A et de la tubuline". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066198.
Texto completo da fonteThe serotoninergic 5-HT1A receptors localized at the plasma membrane of the soma and dendrites of the raphe neurons play a key role in the onset of antidepressant action. The aim of my work was to identify partner proteins involved in the polarized 5-HT1A receptor targeting in neurons. Thus, these proteins could be news targets for innovative therapeutic strategies. Following the discovery in the Lab of Yif1B, the first 5-HT1A receptor partner protein implicated in its dendritic targeting, the first part of my thesis work has resulted in the characterization of the interaction between the 5-HT1A receptor and Yif1B. By combining directed mutagenesis, GST-Pull Down and Surface Plasmon Resonance (or Biacore), I have highlighted the role of a tribasic motif in the C-tail of the 5-HT1A receptor, that is in direct interaction with three aspartic acid residues in the N-tail of Yif1B. In the second part of my work, I have characterized the mechanism of this specific trafficking by a multidisciplinary approach combining proteomic, biochemistry, topological analysis on primary culture of hippocampal neurons and videomicroscopy on live neurons. Thus, I have identified a new dendritic targeting pathway involving Yif1B as a scaffold protein assembling the 5-HT1A receptor with Yip1A and Rab6, two other partners of the vesicular cargo complex transporting the receptor along the dendritic microtubules. Finally, the identification of the molecular motors involved in this addressing process complete the description of this new pathway
Martin, Pierre-Yves. "Le récepteur 5-HT6, une nouvelle cible pour le traitement des douleurs neuropathiques". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2018CLFAS023_MARTIN.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteNeuropathic pains affects 6.9% of the French adult population. They have a significant impact on the quality of life of the patient, and often coexist with depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. Chronic neuropathic pain and these co-morbidities are poorly controlled and represent a public health problem. First-line treatments (antidepressants (tricyclic and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) and anti-epileptic drugs (gabapentin / pregabalin)) are unsatisfactory due to a lack of efficiency. Despite the major role of serotonin in pain modulation, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are poorly effective while they exhibit fewer adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. The 5-HT 6 receptor, known for its effects on cognitive functions, has recently emerged as a new target for serotoninergic modulation of pain. In addition to its coupling to the Gs protein, the 5-HT 6 receptor is physically associated with intracellular protein partners including mTOR (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin), also involved in neuropathic pain and in regulation of cognitive functions. In the present work, we characterize the sub-cellular localization of the 5-HT 6 receptor in primary cilium of neurons in dorsal horn spinal cord, suggesting the involvement of primary cilia in pain modulation. The administration of 5-HT 6 receptor inverse agonists exerts an anti- allodynic effect and abolishes co-morbid cognitive deficits in SNL rats, whereas neutral antagonists are devoid of effects, suggesting a constitutive activity of the receptor involved in pain hypersensitivity. Similarly, administration of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, reduces tactile allodynia and co-morbid cognitive deficits in SNL rats. We also demonstrate the interaction between the 5-HT 6 receptor and mTOR in vitro and in vivo in painful rats. Thus, thanks to an interfering peptide inhibiting the physical interaction between 5-HT 6 receptor and mTOR (intrathecally injected), we improve mechanical and thermal allodynia confirming the deleterious role of the spinal 5-HT 6 receptor-mTOR interaction under neuropathic pain condition. Taken together, these results contribute to a better understanding of the role of the 5-HT 6 receptor and its mTOR partner in chronic pain and opens new ways in its management with, in particular, the development of new 5-HT 6 receptor inverse agonists
Benhassine, Manel. "Caractérisation du mode de régulation du récepteur 2B de la sérotonine (HTR2B) dans le mélanome uvéal". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30257.
Texto completo da fonteLe mélanome uvéal (MU) est la principale forme de cancer intraoculaire possédant la capacité d’engendrer des métastases au foie et aux poumons des patients atteints, cette maladie est incurable et fatale dans les 8 mois suivant le dépistage des métastases. Grâce à des analyses en profilage génique sur biopuces à ADN, une signature moléculaire de 12 gènes dérégulés permettant de subdiviser les MU en deux classes: à faible (classe 1) ou haut (classe 2) risque d’évoluer vers le stade métastatique a pu être identifiée. Parmi les 4 gènes de la classe 2, la surexpression du gène codant le récepteur 2B de la sérotonine (HTR2B) est l’indice le plus fiable menant à l’identification des patients à risque d’évoluer vers la maladie métastatique. Cette étude a pour but de caractériser le promoteur de ce gène et les mécanismes moléculaires menant à sa surexpression aberrabte dans les lignées métastatiques de MU. Différents segments du promoteur du gène HTR2B ont été clonés dans le plasmide pCATbasic, puis introduits par transfection dans les lignées cellulaires MU. Des analyses d’interférence de méthylation au diméthylsulfate (DMS) et de retard sur gel de polyacrylamide (EMSA) ont été réalisées afin de démontrer la liaison de facteurs de transcription (FTs) au promoteur HTR2B. La transfection des délétants HTR2B/CAT a permis d’identifier des régions régulatrices positives et négatives en amont du promoteur HTR2B. Les analyses EMSA et d’interférence de méthylation au DMS nous ont permis de démontrer la liaison des FTs NFI et RUNX1 au promoteur du gène HTR2B. Ce projet permettra de mieux comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires responsables de la surexpression du gène HTR2B et de définir de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques qui pourraient permettre le dépistage des patients à risque d’évoluer vers la maladie métastatique.
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common type of primary intraocular tumor in the adult population. UM will propagate to the liver as the first metastatic site. Once this organ is invaded, survival becomes a matter of months for the patient as no treatment has proven to be effective. Among the candidates from the class II gene signature, the serotonin receptor-encoding gene (HTR2B) appears to be the most discriminating as its expression strongly increases in the tumors that will progress toward liver metastases. Our study aims at characterizing the molecular mechanisms that lead to this aberrant expression of HTR2B in metastatic UM cell lines. Expression of HTR2B was monitered by microarrays in a variety of UM cell lines. Various segments from the promoter and 5’-flanking sequence of the HTR2B gene were cloned upstream the CAT gene in the plasmid pCATbasic. The genomic areas of interest were 5’end-labeled and used as probes in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). DMS methylation interference footprinting was also used to precisely position the DNA target sites for transcription factors (TFs) that bind the HTR2B regulatory regions. Transfection analyses revealed that the upstream regulatory regions of HTR2B promoter is made up of a combination of alternative positive and negative regulatory elements. Repressive regions also bear a high number of target sites for the TF NFI. EMSA analyses provided evidence that multiple NFI isoforms can interact with the promoter of the HTR2B gene. In addition, the TF RUNX1 was shown by DMS methylation interference footprinting to bind a target site from the HTR2B distal silencer element. This project will help understand better the molecular mechanisms accounting for the abnormal expression of HTR2B in uveal melanoma. In the long term, this study will allow us to identify new potential targets that could help screening patients at high risk of evolving toward the liver metastatic disease.
Chanrion, Benjamin. "Modulation fonctionnelle de deux cibles des antidépresseurs, le transporteur de la sérotonine et le récepteur 5-HT2c : rôles respectifs de la NO-synthase neuronale et des agonistes inverses". Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T012.
Texto completo da fonteCollet, Corinne. "Récepteur sérotoninergique 5-HT2B (5-HT2BR) et tissu osseux : études de la lignée mésoblastique murine C1,du modèle murin 5-HT2BR-/- et de la maladie osseuse de Paget". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D040.
Texto completo da fonteThe serotonine is a neurotransmitter which seems to play a role in the osseous metabolism. So, we studied the serotoninergic receptors to determine their possible roles in the osteogenesis. First, the importance of the serotoninergic receptor 5-HT2B (5-HT2BR) during the osteogenic differentiation was demonstrated by the lineage mesoblastic C1 studies. The 5-HT2BR-/- mice analysis allowed to confirm in vivo its activity. Only old female mice 5-HT2BR-/- present an osteopenia which worsen with the age. This phenotype express recruitment and proliferation defects of 5-HT2BR-/- osteoblasts. Then, in case of excessive osseous remodeling, B cell lineages of paget's disease patients present a surexpression of the 5-HT2BR and the high rates of IL-6 and its soluble receptor. In conclusion, the 5-HT2BR appears as a physiological factor of regulation of the osseous homeostasis
Schaerlinger, Bérénice. "Rôle de la sérotonine dans le développement embryonnaire précoce de Drosophila melanogaster : Etude d'un mutant ponctuel du récepteur 5-HT2Dro". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/SCHAERLINGER_Berenice_2004.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSerotonin, known as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays an important role during cell migration in sea urchin, mice as well. Previous studies have shown that serotonin and its 5-HT2Dro receptor are important during germband extension in drosophila. Indeed, 5-HT2Dro receptor is transiently expressed during early embryogenesis. Removal of the 5-HT2Dro locus in a deleted drosophila strain allows us to prove the essential role of serotonin and its receptor for correct cell intercalation during germband extension. This work underlined a new point mutant in the 5-HT2Dro receptor gene. The point mutation is located in the N-terminal domain and confers to the receptor a gain of function. Most of homozygote embryos for the isogenic strain containing point mutant in 5-HT2Dro gene (M51) die during germband extension. M51 embryos display a “ghost” cuticular phenotype accompanied by a gastrulation defect. Indeed, time lapse video experiment demonstrated that cell migration speed is 4 times higher in M51 embryos compared to wild type embryos. However, the presence of a second mutation at 67A2-67D13 locus, on the same chromosome than 5-HT2Dro gain of function mutation in the l(3R)4830b, seems to compensate M51 phenotype. L(3R)4830b embryos present a less severe gastrulation defect and die later during germband retraction. The late lethality of l(3R)4830b embryos allowed us to show a new role for serotonin in the late regulation of Wingless expression. Indeed, an “denticle missing in A4” phenotype observed in homozygote l(3R)4830b embryos is due to an ectopic expression of Wingless specifically in fourth abdominal segment. Thus, this work demonstrates the major role of serotonin and 5-HT2Dro receptor during germband extension. It also showed that serotonin is able to regulate Wingless expression during late stages of drosophila embryogenesis. The signalling pathway involved in that process remains to be elucidated
Mahé, Cécile. "Récepteur sérotonergique 5-HT7 et induction d'interleukine-6 : étude in vitro sur cellules gliales et in vivo chez le rat". Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/MAHE_Cecile_2005.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe 5-HT7 receptor is known to be present in astrocytes but its role remains unknown (Shimizu et al. , 1996 ; Hirst et al. , 1997). The action of serotonin leads to an increase of IL-6 mRNA expression in astrocytes, but the receptor responsible for this effect is unknown (Pousset et al. , 1996). Is the 5-HT7 receptor implicated in this effect?We first identified several glial cell lines, human glioblastoma (U-373 MG, U-138 MG, U-87 MG, DBTRG-05MG, T98G, H4, CCF-STTG1 et Hs 683) and a human microglial cell lines, named MC-3, which expressed functionally the 5-HT7 receptor, by pharmacological studies of cAMP accumulation assays confirmed by Western-blot and RT-PCR analysis. These cells are the first human models to study the 5-HT7 receptor in glial cells. Concerning the glioblastoma cells (U-373MG, DBTRG-05MG, T98G et H4), the 5-HT7 receptor activation leads to an increase IL-6 mRNA expression, visualized by Real-Time PCR, and IL-6 release, measured by a specific ELISA. In U-138MG et U-87MG glioblastoma cells as well as in the microglial cell line MC-3, 5-HT7 receptor activation leads only to an increase in IL-6 mRNA expression. This effect depends on the level of functional expression of the 5-HT7 receptor. These cell lines can be considered as good models but because of their tumoral or immortalized nature, they could contain a number of mutations. Thus it would be nice to confirm the results obtained with cell lines on more physiological models. We first showed that primary rat astrocytes (frontocortex and hippocampus) expressed the 5-HT7 receptor but its expression is relatively low. As a consequence, 5-HT7 receptor activation failed to increase IL-6 mRNA expression in these cells. Nevertheless, preliminary in vivo studies in rats suggested that 5-HT7 receptor activation leads to an increase in plasmatic levels of IL-6. To conclude, the discovery of a link between 5-HT7 activation and induction of IL-6 suggests that this receptor could have therapeutical potential in inflammation, immunology, and oncology, where IL-6 plays a prominent role and maybe in others areas like psychiatric disorders where IL-6 dysregulations have been described
Gomez, Castro Ferran. "La signalisation du récepteur d’adénosine 2A comme mécanisme clé de la stabilisation des synapses GABAergiques nouvellement formées". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066431.
Texto completo da fonteIn the adult brain, adenosine signaling facilitates or inhibits neurotransmitter vesicular release mainly through activation of type 2A or 1 adenosine receptors (A2AR or A1R), respectively. However, its role in development remains to be elucidated. During my PhD, I addressed the role of A2AR-mediated signalling in GABAergic synaptogenesis in the hippocampus. We found (i) a larger activity-dependent release of ATP and adenosine during the period of synaptogenesis in the hippocampus, (ii) a peak of expression of the ecto-5’-nucleotidase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the formation of adenosine from extracellular ATP in synapses during this critical period, and (iii) a peak of peri/post-synaptic expression of A2AR concomitant with the period of synaptogenesis. This developmental expression of the key molecules of the adenosine A2AR signalling pathway correlated with a role of A2AR in the stabilization of nascent GABA synapses, a regulation restricted to the period of synaptogenesis. Furthermore, suppressing A2AR with a shRNA approach in isolated neurons led to a loss of synapses equivalent to that seen upon A2AR activity blockade, reporting that the A2AR-mediated synapse stabilization is a cell autonomous process that requires A2AR activation in the postsynaptic cell. ATP/adenosine can be secreted by both glia and neurons; however, we found that activity-dependent release of neuronal adenosine is sufficient to stabilize newly formed GABA synapses in vitro. Using live cell imaging, we showed adenosine signalling stabilizes active synapses. We then characterized the molecular mechanism downstream postsynaptic A2AR. We report the contribution of adenylyl cyclase/cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signalling cascade and we identified a key target, the postsynaptic scaffolding molecule gephyrin. We further showed the A2AR-mediated stabilization of the presynaptic compartment most probably requires the trans-synaptic Slitrk3-PTPd complex. Since GABA exerts a similar function during development and GABA and adenosine are co-released at some synapses, I further investigated the interplay between these two pathways. My results support the hypothesis that GABA signalling converge onto the adenosine signalling pathway by potentiating calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclases through the activation of calmodulin.Altogether these results let us propose that, during a key developmental period, postsynaptic A2ARs act as sensors of the activity of GABAergic presynaptic terminals to stabilize active nascent GABAergic synapses. In absence of activity and therefore secretion of adenosine/ATP, synapses will be eliminated
Amar, Elodie. "L’internalisation du récepteur 5-HT1A dans les neurones centraux : Développement de modèles cellulaires pour l’étude des mécanismes sous-jacents et des corrélats fonctionnels". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P625/document.
Texto completo da fontePas de résumé en anglais
Gavarini, Sophie. "Protéines à domaines PDZ et récepteurs 5-HT2 de la sérotonine : spécificité d'interaction et rôle dans la signalisation". Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T008.
Texto completo da fonteShen, Shuren. "La mélatonine : étude du récepteur et de l' enzyme de biosynthèse sérotonine-N-acétyltransférase por la recherche de nouvelles molécules à potentialité thérapeutique". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P631.
Texto completo da fonteGallais-Barré, Catherine. "Conception d' outils moléculaires pour la caractérisation du récepteur 5-HT3 : synthèses de sondes fluorescentes et/ou irréversibles". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P629.
Texto completo da fonteMalleret, Gaël. "Facilitation de la mémoire spatiale chez des souris génétiquement modifiées : rôle de récepteur sérotonine 1B et de la phosphatase calcineurine". Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10610.
Texto completo da fonteBerhault, Yohann. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation de ligands pour l’imagerie par tomographie d’émission monophotonique (TEMP) du récepteur 5-HT7". Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2042.
Texto completo da fonteThe human 5-HT7 receptor is the latest 5-HT receptor subtype identified. Its implication in important functional roles such as learning and memory processes has been established. It is also involved in psychiatric and neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. In order to increase the knowledge about the different roles of 5-HT7R, the radioligand development for this receptor has a potential interest. Taking into account the scientific literature and preliminary works performed in our laboratory, we have synthetized radioligands for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) studies of 5-HT7R in the indazole series. To reach this goal, two methodologies of selective functionalisation of the indazole ring have been developed. The first method is a selective metallation of iodoindazoles at C-3 position using TMPMgCl. LiCl as base allowing an efficient insertion of thioalkyl chains. The second method is a selective iodination of 1-phenyl-1H-indazoles at ortho position via a C-H activation reaction. With these two new methods, a synthetic route has been established to obtain the desired compounds. A total of 17 compounds have been obtained. Two of them have an affinity for the 5-HT7R around 10. 0 nM. These two molecules are currently under investigation as 5HT7R SPECT radiotracers
Pichon, Xavier. "Etude de l'implication des protéines à domaines PDZ partenaires du récepteur 5-HT2A dans la résistance à la sérotonine et l'efficacité limitée des ISRS dans le traitement des douleurs neuropathiques : approches comportementales et cellulaires chez le rat diabétique". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1PP06.
Texto completo da fonteColas, Alexandre. "Implication des signaux FGF et de Mix. 1/2 dans la spécification du pronéphros chez le Xénope". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066409.
Texto completo da fonteIn Xenopus, mesodermal cell commitment toward a muscle, blood, or kidney fate takes place during gastrulation. This process relies mostly on these cells to be exposed to a combinatorial of signals (Wnt, BMP, Nodal/Activin, FGF, Retinoic acid). The nature and the intensity of this combinatorial of signals will seal their destiny. The first part of my PhD work aimed at localizing precisely embryonic kidney (pronephros) cells precursors inside the mesodermal germ layer at early gastrula stage. The second part of this work, focused on studying the role of FGF signals on pronephric cells specification during gastrulation. My results show that, pronephric precursors cells are exposed to FGF signals during gastrulation, but have to be removed from FGF influence during the second part of gastrulation. I also show that Mix. 1/2 are involved in this process by regulating negatively FGF4 and FGF8 expression
Louis, Caroline. "Rôle dynamique de la sérotonine et de la dopamine cérébrales chez le rat soumis à des situations d'anxiété : étude par microdialyse in vivo". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T007.
Texto completo da fonteSerotonin (5-HT) is thought to be involved in anxiety-related disorders, and dopamine (DA) in response to stress. Using an intracerebral microdialysis technique, variations of extracellular 5-HT (5-HText) or DA (DAext) levels were studied in rats subjected to benzodiazepine-sensitive paradigms. Two operant conflict procedures and a test of neophobia have been validated. Cortical DAext and 5-HText levels, and hippocampal 5-HText levels were modified neither during the punished period of conflict procedures, nor in rats given diazepam, at a dose which induced an anxiolytic-like release of punished responding. Buspirone had no effect on behavioral blockade and did not modify hippocampal 5-HText levels. A modest increase in cortical DAext was observed during food eating and in the open field test of neophobia. Thus, mesocortical DA and mesocorticolimbic 5-HT systems seem not to play a pivotal role in the anxiolytic effect of benzodiazepines, at least as it is approached in conflict procedures. In the striatum, 5-HText levels increased during the open field test and during the punished period of the operant conflict procedure in a subgroup of rats classified as ‘low responders’. Both biochemical and behavioral modifications were counteracted by diazepam. Striatal 5-HText levels did not change in 'high responder' rats or in rats given non contingent footshocks. 5,7-DHT lesion studies suggested that the 5-HT fibers afferent to the striatum are not solely responsible for the punishment-induced behavioral blockade. However these fibers are clearly involved in the adaptation of the animals to low rhythm of reward. The anticonflict activity of benzodiazepines might therefore be attributed to a reduction in 5-HT transmission in motor structures, in keeping with clinical data suggesting an important role of 5-HT in the control of impulsive-related behaviour
Bétry, Cécile. "Potentialisation de la réponse antidépressive grâce au blocage combiné du récepteur 5-HT3 et du SERT". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10200.
Texto completo da fonteTherapeutic effects of current antidepressant drugs only appear after several weeks of treatment and a significant number of patients do not respond to any treatment. Thus, more effective treatments for major depression are still needed. Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004), a novel antidepressant in development, displays effective properties in human. To the difference of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), it is a multimodal serotoninergic agent. Not only does it block the 5-HT transporter but it is also a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. This current study was undertaken to characterize the effects of this compound and the role of 5-HT3 blockade. Using electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, autoradiography and behavioral approaches in rats, several pre-clinical markers of antidepressant-like response were assessed. Vortioxetine increased hippocampal cell proliferation and desensitized 5-HT1A autoreceptors from 1-3 days versus 2-3 weeks for classical antidepressants. In contrast to SSRIs, it also increased 5-HT hippocampal release with an incomplete SERT occupancy. Later effects are at least partly due to 5-HT3 receptors blockade. In parallel, we also showed that the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron potentiated the effect of the SSRI paroxetine. Taken together, our in and ex vivo findings highlight the crucial role of 5-HT3 receptor blockade in the antidepressant-like efficacy of vortioxetine. Thus, we propose that the 5-HT3 receptors are an interesting target to improve antidepressant efficacy and reduce the therapeutic delay
Barthet, Gaël. "Régulation des voies de signalisation dépendante et indépendante des protéines G activées par le récepteur 5-HT4". Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T014.
Texto completo da fonteDevroye, Celine. "Role of the central serotonin subscript 2B receptor in the regulation of ascending dopaminergic pathways : relevance for the treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0462/document.
Texto completo da fonteFour years ago, at the beginning of my thesis in Neuropharmacology, the functional role of the central serotonin2B receptor (5-HT2BR) remained poorly investigated. Indeed, in light of the relatively recent discovery of its presence in the mammalian brain, as compared to other 5-HT receptors, only few studies had explored its impact within the central nervous system. Interestingly, it had been shown that 5-HT2BRs, while having no effect at the level of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) pathway, afford a tonic excitatory control on the activity of the mesoaccumbal DA tract. This differential influence on subcortical DA brain regions had led to the proposal that 5-HT2BR antagonists may be a useful tool for improved treatment of DA-related disorders requiring an independent modulation of the activity of ascending DA pathways, such ass chizophrenia. However, the effect of 5-HT2BR blockade at the level of themesocortical DA pathway, which plays a pivotal role in the the rapeutic benefit of atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), had never been studied. In addition,analysis of the literature revealed that 5-HT2BR blockade suppresses amphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced neurochemical and behavioral responses, suggesting that this receptor may also be a relevant pharmacological target for treating drug addiction. Nevertheless,its possible implication in the effects induced by cocaine, one of the most worldwide abused drugs, remained unknown.Thus, the aim of the present thesis was to study the regulatory control exerted by the 5-HT2BR on both basal and cocaine-induced stimulation of DA activity,in order to evaluate its therapeutic relevance for improved treatment of schizophrenia and drug abuse and dependence. To this purpose, we assessed the effects of potent and selective 5-HT2BR antagonists (RS 127445 and LY266097) on DA activity, by using biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral approaches in rats.In a first group of experiments, we found that 5-HT2BRs exert a tonic inhibitory control on DA outflow in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). This finding, by showing that 5-HT2BRs afford differential controls over the three ascending DA pathways, indicates that 5-HT2BR antagonists display an ideal pattern of effects to restore normal DA function in schizophrenia. Accordingly, 5-HT2BRantagonists were efficient in several behavioral models aimed at predicting APD efficacy, and had no effect in a behavioral task reflecting APD propensity to induce motor side effects. In a second group of experiments performed to determine the mechanisms under lying the differential control exerted by 5-HT2BRs on DA activity, we demonstrated that 5-HT2BR antagonist-induced opposite effects on DA ouflow in the mPFC and the nucleus accumbens (NAc)involve a functional interplay with 5-HT1ARs expressed in the mPFC. Finally,we found that 5-HT2BR blockade suppresses cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion.This effect, which occurs independently from changes of DA outflow in theNAc and the striatum, where DA activity is tightly related to cocaine-induced behavioral responses, likely involves a post-synaptic interaction in subcorticalDA brain regions.To conclude, the work accomplished over the past four years provides substantial information with regards to the functional role of 5-HT2BRs in the regulation of the activity of ascending DA pathways. In addition, while improving the understanding of the interaction between DA and 5-HT systems,the present findings altogether highlight the therapeutic potential of 5-HT2BRantagonists for treating schizophrenia and cocaine addiction
Faton, Sina. "Le récepteur 5-HT2c : lien entre activité locomotrice et prise alimentaire". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3508/document.
Texto completo da fonteCentral serotonin systems have long been associated with the control of ingestive behavior, and the modulation of behavioral effects of psychostimulants.The 5-HT2C receptor is present in hypothalamic centers particularly the arcuate nucleus (ARC) controlling homeostatic regulation of food intake as well as in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a region important for motivational aspects of multiple behaviors, including feeding.In the present study, the hypothesis was tested that the 5-HT2CR in the VTA may control amphetamine-evoked locomotor activity and 5-HT2CR in the ARC may regulate food consumption. Localized microinjections into the VTA or into the ARC were used to assess the effects of a highly selective 5-HT2C agonist, AR231630, on the locomotor stimulant effect of amphetamine as well as food intake. In the tests for locomotor activity, AR231630 into the VTA, but not into the ARC, dose-dependently reduced locomotor activity elicited by amphetamine. Unexpectedly, in tests for food intake, intra-ARC injection of AR231630 did not reduce food intake even at doses of 10ug, whereas intra-VTA injection of 10ug AR231630 did. A subsequent experiment determined that the suppressant effect of peripheral administration of AR231630 (5 mg/kg) on feeding was partially reversed by pretreatment with the selective 5-HT2CR antagonist SB242084 into the VTA (5ug). These findings suggest that 5-HT2CR in the VTA participates in both food intake and brain reward function, and possibly through the same pathway
Contesse, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle sérotoninergique de la stéroïdogénèse surrénalienne : localisation de la sérotonine, identification du récepteur, et caractérisation des mécanismes de transduction". Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES023.
Texto completo da fonteRivail, Lucie. "Étude structurale et dynamique des interactions entre le récepteur 5-HT 4 humain et ses ligands par modélisation moléculaire". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114842.
Texto completo da fonteHercend, Claude. "Contribution de la modélisation moléculaire à l’étude de pathologies humaines : Application au transporteur ATP7B et au récepteur 5HT2B". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T005/document.
Texto completo da fonteBouali, Saoussen. "Adaptation fonctionnelle de la neurotransmission 5-HT dans des modèles de souris en relation avec la dépression et son traitement". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066439.
Texto completo da fonteAndriamoratsiresy, Dina. "Le récepteur de l’acide rétinoïque alpha (RAR-α) : nouveau rôle dans l’adhésion des fibroblastes". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ092/document.
Texto completo da fonteRetinoic acid receptors, RARα, β and γ are ligand-dependent transcription factors that control the expression of specific genes. However, growing evidence indicates that RARs also have extranuclear and non transcriptional effects. During my thesis, I observed that (1) fibroblasts invalidated for all RARs depict a disrupted actin cytoskeleton and have lost their adhesion properties (2) RARα interacts through its N-terminal proline rich motif with profilin2a (PFN2a) a critical regulator of actin filaments elongation. I have shown that: (1) RARs control the morphology, adhesion and migration of MEFs via controlling at the transcriptional level the expression of adhesion genes (2) In the cytosol, RARα forms complexes with PFN2a. The number of these complexes controls the actin network and the adhesion of MEFs via a non-transcriptional mechanism. These observations highlight the importance of the combined genomic and non-genomic effects of RARs in cell adhesion, and open new avenues for RARs deregulations in certain pathology
Hebras, Jade. "Caractérisation moléculaire du petit ARN nucléolaire SNORD115 : un rôle dans la régulation de l'expression et de la fonction du récepteur à la sérotonine 5-HT2C ?" Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30209.
Texto completo da fonteThe nucleolus of mammalian cells contains hundreds of box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (SNORDs). Majority of them, guide sequence-specific 2'-O ribose methylations into ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Some of them facilitate RNA folding and cleavages of ribosomal RNA precursors or guide ribose methylations into spliceosomal small nuclear RNA U6. Recent studies propose that some SNORD could target other transcripts, possibly messenger RNA as suggested by the brain-specific SNORD115. SNORD115 is processed from tandemly repeated genes embedded in the imprinted SNURF-SNRPN domain. Defects in gene expression at this domain are causally linked to rare disease: the Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Excitingly, SNORD115 displays an extensive region of complementary to a brain-specific mRNA encoding the serotonin receptor 5-HT2C. SNORD115 could influence 5-HT2C signaling by fine-tuning alternative splicing or A to I RNA editing of 5-HT2C pre-mRNA. Reduced 5-HT2C receptor activity could contribute to impaired emotional response and/or compulsive overeating that characterized the syndrome. My work was to test this hypothesis using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SNORD115 knockout mouse model. My results show that loss of SNORD115 expression, in vivo, does not alter the post-transcriptional regulation of 5-HT2C pre-mRNA processing. Others results from the team do not reveal any defects in anxio-depressive phenotypes and eating behaviour. Our study questions the regulatory roles of SNORD115 in brain functions and behavioural disturbance associated with PWS. On other hand, I have studied ribose methylation sites in rRNA from mouse tissues. This work was included in emerging field of the specialized ribosome hypothesis which suggests heterogeneity in ribosomes may impact activity of ribosomes. Our results show significant changes at few discrete set of sites, especially in rRNA from developing tissues. Also, rRNA from developing tissues is globally less methylated than rRNA from adult tissues. We focus on LSU-Gm4593 site because this position is specifically methylated only during development and hardly ever detected in adult tissues. Methylation at LSU-G4593 is guided by SNORD78. We propose that the expression levels of SNORD78 during development appeared to be regulated by alternative splicing of the host-gene and to correlate with the methylation level of its target site at LSU-G4593. We've used a human cell line (HEK293T) inactivated for the SNORD78 gene in order to understand the functionally role of the corresponding ribose methylation. Our work did not demonstrate any overt cellular phenotypes, even though translation fidelity and the precise function of LSU-Gm4593 remains unknown
Payan, Hugo. "Réseaux de protéines associés aux récepteurs de la sérotonine : rôle et options thérapeutiques pour la Maladie d'Alzheimer". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT012.
Texto completo da fonteAlzheimer’s Disease is the most common form of dementia worldwide and has become a major public health problem. This pathology is characterized by the presence of two main features in the brain: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau and amyloid plaques, dense aggregates of hydrophobic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Aβ peptide results from the amyloidogenic degradation of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by β- and ɣ-secretases. On the other hand, the non-amyloidogenic proteolysis of APP, within the Aβ sequence by an α-secretase (mainly ADAM10), releases the extracellular fragment of APP (sAPPα), which is neurotrophic and neuroprotective. The 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) which interacts with APP and ADAM10, modulates their trafficking and maturation, and which pharmacological activation promotes the non-amyloidogenic cleavage of APP. The 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) is another serotoninergic receptor which pharmacological modulation induces pro-cognitive effects. Thus, 5-HT4R and 5 HT6R constitute interesting therapeutic targets in the context of Alzheimer’s Disease. Nevertheless, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects linked to 5-HT4R expression and activation remain elusive. This thesis aimed, in a first part, to develop a screening technique to isolate nanobodies (single domain antibody fragment from camelids) directed against 5-HT4R and 5 HT6R, by using TR FRET and flow cytometry approaches. In a second part, the use of a proteomic approach combining affinity purification of 5-HT4R partner proteins followed by their systematic identification by mass spectrometry (AP-MS) lead to the identification of potential partner proteins associated with 5-HT4R in HEK-293N cells. Amongst proteins recruited by 5 HT4Rs, we identified IRS4 (Insulin Receptor Substrate 4) protein. IRS4 protein is a transducer of the insulin signaling pathway. Given that a dysregulation of the insulin signaling pathway is one of the major events involved in Alzheimer’s Disease development, we decided to focus on this partner. We validated the interaction by Western blotting and showed a colocalization of endogenous IRS4 with 5 HT4R in HEK 293 cells. Then, functional studies showed that IRS4 downregulation induced 5 HT4R overexpression in HEK-293 cells, associated with an increase in the canonical signaling of the receptor through its Gs protein pathway.These results suggest a modulation of 5-HT4R trafficking and of its associated complex including APP and ADAM10 by IRS4 protein. This thesis work reveals for the first time a functional link between 5-HT4R signaling and insulin signaling pathway via IRS4 protein which could be of interest in the context of Alzheimer’s disease. It also establishes the preliminary basis for a fast identification of nanobodies targeting 5-HT4 and 5-HT6 receptors for which immunohistological tools are lacking to explore their underlying mechanisms
Etienne, Nelly. "Etude des fonctions cardiovasculaires du récepteur de la sérotonine 5-HT2B et de ses interactions avec les hormones ovariennes et la synthèse de monoxyde d'azote (NO)". Strasbourg 1, 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/ETIENNE_Nelly_2004.pdf.
Texto completo da fonte5-HT2B receptor knockout (KO) mice display congenital cardiac defects leading to dilated cardiomyopathy in adult KO males. Because 5-HT2B-KO females exhibit a less severe cardiac phenotype than KO males, we investigated the potential cardioprotective role of ovarian hormones in 5-HT2B-KO females. Bilateral ovariectomy, at puberty, induced an accelerated developmental cardiac hypertrophy but independently of the 5-HT2B receptor. Consequently, ovarian hormones are not the cause of gender difference in KO mice. Taking advantage of apparent normal cardiac function in KO females, we investigated the vascular function of the 5-HT2B receptor in vivo. Using, the chronic NOS (Nitric Oxide Synthase) inhibition induced-hypertension model, we describe for the first time, two independent phases of hypertension in wild type mice. Surprisingly, KO females display only one phase, indicating that the 5-HT2B receptor is necessary for one of the two phases of NOS-inhibition-induced hypertension. Moreover, KO females exhibit an hypersensitivity to NOS inhibition in the first phase of hypertension compare to wild type females but, paradoxically, they are protected from the second phase of hypertension. This protection confirms the major role of the 5-HT2B receptor in etiology of hypertension. Finally, we have shown that hypersensitivity to short term NOS inhibition is specifically associated to a decrease of vascular compliance and to a 30% reduction of basal endothelial NOS activity in aorta of KO females compare to wild type. We conclude that the 5-HT2B receptor is involved in blood pressure regulation by controlling basal vascular tonus, trough NOS activation, and independently participates to the development of long-term hypertension
Vitali, Patrice. "Identification de nouveaux ARN guides de modification et étude fonctionnelle de l'ARN C/D, spécifique du cerveau, MBII-52". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30032.
Texto completo da fonteRavary, Anne. "Rôle de la sérotonine et de l'adénylate cyclase 1 dans le développement du système visuel de la souris". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066311.
Texto completo da fonte