Bibliografias temáticas / Relative pronouns

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Relative pronouns"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021
Última modificação: 14 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Relative pronouns"

1

Lander, Yury, e Michael Daniel. "West Caucasian relative pronouns as resumptives". Linguistics 57, n.º 6 (18 de novembro de 2019): 1239–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0030.

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Abstract In polysynthetic West Caucasian languages, the morphological verbal complex amounts to a clause with all kinds of participants cross-referenced by affixes. Relativization is performed by introducing a relative affix in the cross-reference slot that corresponds to the relativized participant. However, these languages display several crosslinguistically rare features of relativization. Firstly, while under the view of the verbal complex as a clause this affix appears to be a relative pronoun, it is an unusual relative pronoun because it remains in situ. Secondly, relative affixes may appear several times in the same clause. Thirdly, relative pronouns are not expected to occur in languages with prenominal relative clauses. Fourthly, in the Circassian branch, relative pronouns are identical to reflexive pronouns. These features are explained by considering relative prefixes to be resumptive pronouns. This interpretation finds a parallel in the neighboring East Caucasian languages, where reflexive pronouns also show resumptive usages. Finally, since in some West Caucasian languages the relative affix is a morpheme with a dedicated relative function but still shows properties of a resumptive pronoun, our data suggest that the distinction between relative pronouns and resumptive pronouns may not be as clear as is usually assumed.
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Loss, Sara S., e Mark Wicklund. "Is English resumption different in appositive relative clauses?" Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 65, n.º 1 (13 de agosto de 2019): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2019.19.

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AbstractResumptive pronouns are produced in English in unguarded speech in restrictive relative clauses and appositive relative clauses. However, numerous studies have found that resumptive pronouns in restrictive relative clauses are not acceptable. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the acceptability of resumptive pronouns in appositive relative clauses, despite hints in the literature that they may be more acceptable in appositive than in restrictive relative clauses. This article fills that gap. We found that resumptive pronouns were rated as more natural in appositive relative clauses than in restrictive relative clauses. These findings may be due to which currently undergoing a reanalysis from a relative pronoun to a solely connective word, as has been suggested in the literature. A small-scale corpus search also reveals that appositive relative clauses with resumptive pronouns are increasing in American English.
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Slater, B. H. "E-type Pronouns and ε-terms". Canadian Journal of Philosophy 16, n.º 1 (março de 1986): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1986.10717105.

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Speaking of Professor Geach's belief that pronouns in natural language function like the bound variables in quantification theory, Gareth Evans, in ‘Pronouns, Quantifiers, and Relative Clauses - I’ (Canadian Journal of Philosophy 7 [1977] 467-536) says (470):I want to try to show that there are pronouns with quantifier antecedents that function in a quite different way. Such pronouns typically stand in a different grammatical relation to their antecedents, and; in contrast with bound pronouns, must be assigned a reference, so that their most immediate sentential contexts can always be assigned a truth value. The relevant grammatical relation appears to be Klima's relation of ‘in construction with’. When the pronoun is in construction with its antecedent, as in (4) [‘Some man loves his mother’] and (5) [‘No man is happy when he is in love’] the result is a bound pronoun.
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HAENDLER, Yair, e Flavia ADANI. "Testing the effect of an arbitrary subject pronoun on relative clause comprehension: a study with Hebrew-speaking children". Journal of Child Language 45, n.º 4 (19 de fevereiro de 2018): 959–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000917000599.

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AbstractPrevious studies have found that Hebrew-speaking children accurately comprehend object relatives (OR) with an embedded non-referential arbitrary subject pronoun (ASP). The facilitation of ORs with embedded pronouns is expected both from a discourse-pragmatics perspective and within a syntax-based locality approach. However, the specific effect of ASP might also be driven by a mismatch in grammatical features between the head noun and the pronoun, or by its relatively undemanding referential properties. We tested these possibilities by comparing ORs whose embedded subject is either ASP, a referential pronoun, or a lexical noun phrase. In all conditions, grammatical features were controlled. In a referent-identification task, the matching features made ORs with embedded pronouns difficult for five-year-olds. Accuracy was particularly low when the embedded pronoun was referential. These results indicate that embedded pronouns do not facilitate ORs across the board, and that the referential properties of pronouns affect OR processing.
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Afros, Elena. "Gothic Relative Clauses Introduced by and Revisited". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 66, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2010): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-066001002.

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The Gothic invariant relativizers and have been analyzed in different ways. Von der Gabelentz and Loebe (1836/1846), Harbert (1992), Klinghardt (1877), and Streitberg (1910) treated and as indeclinable relative particles. Musić (1929) and Wright (1954), on the other hand, regarded them as relative pronouns. The present study shows that in the attested Gothic, and do not form a symmetric system with the opposition of gender. In addition, and appear to lack the grammatical categories of number and case applicable to the pronominal relativizers in Gothic and therefore cannot be classified as pronouns. Significantly, the elements and are reserved for certain types of antecedents and constructions, which might indicate that diachronically, they might have been in complementary distribution with relative pronouns, as suggested by Delbrück (1909). Synchronically, however, it is impossible to account for overlapping distribution of the relativizers and , the relative pronoun based on the demonstrative, and the complementizers and .
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Poletto, Cecilia, e Emanuela Sanfelici. "On relative complementizers and relative pronouns". Linguistic Variation 18, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2018): 265–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.16002.pol.

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Abstract This paper explores the syntactic status of che and (il) qual(e) relativizers, i.e. what are standardly referred to as relative complementizers and relative pronouns, in Old and Modern Italian and Italian varieties and proposes a unified analysis for both types of items. It takes into account the ongoing debate regarding the categorial status of relativizers (Kayne 1975, 2008, 2010; Lehmann 1984; Manzini & Savoia 2003, 2011, among many others) and aims at showing that what we call complementizers are not C0 heads, as commonly assumed. Instead, we propose that both relative “complementizers” and “pronouns” have the same categorial status, i.e. they are wh-items and are part of the relative clause-internal head.
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D'Arcy, Alexandra, e Sali A. Tagliamonte. "Prestige, accommodation, and the legacy of relative who". Language in Society 39, n.º 3 (17 de maio de 2010): 383–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404510000205.

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AbstractThis article presents a quantitative variationist analysis of the English restrictive relative pronouns. However, where previous research has largely focused on language-internal explanations for variant choice, the focus here is the social meaning of this erstwhile syntactic variable. We uncover rich sociolinguistic embedding of the relative pronouns in standard, urban speech. The only productive wh- form is who, which continues to pattern as a prestige form centuries after its linguistic specialization as a human subject relative. This legacy of prestige is reflected not only in the social characteristics of those with whom it is associated, but also in the patterns of accommodation that are visible in its use. These findings simultaneously demonstrate the tenacious nature of social meaning and the enduring effects of grammatical ideology, both of which influence pronoun choice in the context of face-to-face interaction. (Restrictive relative pronouns, who, change from above, age-grading, prestige, accommodation)*
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Bouma, Gosse. "Agreement mismatches in Dutch relatives". Current trends in analyzing syntactic variation 31 (31 de dezembro de 2017): 137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00006.bou.

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Abstract This paper investigates agreement mismatches in Dutch relatives. While the norm is that singular neuter nouns occur with the relative pronoun dat ‘that’, it is by now quite common to find neuter nouns combining with the relative pronoun die. A large Twitter corpus is used to study which linguistic variables make die ‘that’ in this context more likely. Lack of agreement between neuter noun and relative pronoun is very frequent in this corpus (37.5% of the cases, 46.8% if the preceding determiner is indefinite). Non-agreement is most common for nouns that are high in the animacy ranking, but it also occurs with other semantic classes, and there is quite a bit of lexical variation. Young, female users have a stronger tendency to use non-agreeing relative pronouns. Contrary to what previous work suggests, we do not find that users with a Moroccan or Turkish background have a stronger tendency towards non-agreement. A comparison of tweets with agreeing and non-agreeing pronouns and a comparison of the Twitter corpus with web data both suggest that non-agreement is characteristic of informal language use.
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McKee, Cecile, e Dana McDaniel. "Resumptive Pronouns in English Relative Clauses". Language Acquisition 9, n.º 2 (abril de 2001): 113–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327817la0902_01.

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Friedmann, Naama. "Traceless relatives: Agrammatic comprehension of relative clauses with resumptive pronouns". Journal of Neurolinguistics 21, n.º 2 (março de 2008): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2006.10.005.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Relative pronouns"

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Cerrón-Palomino, López Alvaro. "Simplicidad y claridad estructurales: la producción de cláusulas relativas en castellano". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101801.

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El presente artículo constituye una aproximación psicolingüística al estudio de la ocurrencia de pronombres relativos (PR) en cláusulas relativas (CR) en español, tomando en consideración que este tipo de construcciones corresponden a variedades no estándares de la lengua y suelen ser censuradas en las gramáticas descriptivas. Dado que no existen estudios experimentales sobre el tema en español, este trabajo se basa parcialmente en un estudio llevado a cabo por Ferreira y Swets (2004) sobre un fenómeno similar en el inglés. La investigación tiene como objetivos determinar si los PR de objeto directo y oblicuos son una estrategia de reparación de una oración poco planificada y si los PR de sujeto pueden aparecer en situaciones controladas a partir del contraste de dos posibles antecedentes.
This article constitutes a psycholinguistic approach to the study of the occurrence of relative pronouns (RP) in relative clauses (RC) in Spanish, considering that this type of construction is common in nonstandard varieties of the language and are often censored in the descriptive grammars.Since there are no experimental studies on the subject in Spanish, this work is based partly on a study conducted by Ferreira and Swets (2004) on a similar phenomenon in English. The research aims to determine whether direct object and oblique RP are a repair strategy for insufficiently planned sentences and if the subject RP may appear in controlled situations derived from the contrast of two possible antecedents
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Carbone, Márcia Valéria Seródio [UNESP]. "A partícula QUE: funções, usos e equivalências em espanhol e português". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102468.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-09-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:21:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carbone_mvs_dr_assis.pdf: 1183459 bytes, checksum: f4bf9b465c82e92b654f7eaaa196a307 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O desejo de estudar as correspondências dos usos da partícula que em espanhol e português foi o ponto de partida desta tese. Dado o fato de ser a referida partícula altamente empregada nas duas línguas, optamos pela pesquisa em um corpus de língua falada, por caracterizar-se esta modalidade como um reflexo mais autêntico do funcionamento da língua e, especificamente, dos usos do que. Dentro dessa modalidade de língua falada, trabalhamos com entrevistas pertencentes ao Projeto de Estudo da Norma Lingüística Culta das cidades de Bogotá (para o espanhol) e de São Paulo (para o português ). Delimitado o corpus de estudo (onze entrevistas completas do NURC colombiano), coletamos os enunciados em espanhol em que a partícula que está inserida, bem como alguns dos seus afins, preservando os contextos necessários para uma análise sintática adequada. Esses contextos sintáticos espanhóis nos quais aparece a partícula que é que nortearam a divisão dos capítulos deste trabalho. Nossa pesquisa consta de cinco capítulos. O primeiro, numa tentativa de retomar às origens para entender os auais empregos do que, trata diacronicamente do tema. O que pronome relativo, os outros pronomes relativos, os advérbios relativos, bem como os seus correspondentes portugueses e a freqüência de uso nas duas línguas é o assunto do segundo capítulo. Partindo do que interrogativo, o terceiro capítulo versa sobre os pronomes interrogativos em geral e suas correspondências em português. No quarto capítulo, abordamos o estudo do que conjuntivo, do porque e das locuções conjuntivas, bem como das equivalências portuguesas. O quinto e último capítulo trata de dois outros contextos sintáticos em que a partícula que aparece em nosso corpus de trabalho tanto em espanhol como em português: as perífrases verbais de obrigação e expletivos.
The starting point of this dissertation was our interest in studying the formal as well as the semantic correspondences between the usages of the particle QUE, both in Spanish and in Portuguese. Due to the high degree of occurrences of this particle in both languages, we chose to center our research in a corpus of spoken language. In fact the oral language reflects with more authenticity the way languages function and, in particular, the uses of THE. Therefore we analyzed samples of speech taken from interviews that were registered and transcribed by researchers belonging to the NURC (Project for the Study of the Cultivated Linguistic Norm) in Bogotá (Colombia), for Spanish language, and in São Paulo (Brazil), for the Portuguese. Once the corpus established, we gathered and classified the utterances of eleven interviews in Colombian Spanish, in which the particle QUE and other related forms appear. Necessary contextual elements were preserved to make possible an accurate syntactic analysis. The syntactic contexts of QUE detected in the Spanish corpus guided the division in five chapters of our work. The first one is a diachronic approach which constitutes an effort to reach the ancient and original usages of QUE in order to a better understanding of its present behavior. The relative pronoun QUE, other relative pronouns, relative adverbs, as well as their Portuguese counterparts and their frequency of use in both languages are the subject of our second chapter. Beginning with the interrogative QUE, the third chapter deals with the Spanish interrogative pronouns in general and their corresponding forms in Portuguese...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Haendler, Yair [Verfasser], Flavia [Akademischer Betreuer] Adani e Reinhold [Akademischer Betreuer] Kliegl. "Effects of embedded pronouns on relative clause processing : cross-linguistic evidence from children and adults / Yair Haendler ; Flavia Adani, Reinhold Kliegl". Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1218793244/34.

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Carbone, Márcia Valéria Seródio. "A partícula QUE : funções, usos e equivalências em espanhol e português /". Assis : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102468.

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Orientador: Rafael Eugenio Hoyos-Andrade
Banca: Maria de Lourdes Otero Brabo Cruz
Banca: Eliane Roncolatto
Banca: Isabel Gretel Maria Eres Fernández
Banca: John Robert Schmitz
Resumo: O desejo de estudar as correspondências dos usos da partícula que em espanhol e português foi o ponto de partida desta tese. Dado o fato de ser a referida partícula altamente empregada nas duas línguas, optamos pela pesquisa em um corpus de língua falada, por caracterizar-se esta modalidade como um reflexo mais autêntico do funcionamento da língua e, especificamente, dos usos do que. Dentro dessa modalidade de língua falada, trabalhamos com entrevistas pertencentes ao Projeto de Estudo da Norma Lingüística Culta das cidades de Bogotá (para o espanhol) e de São Paulo (para o português ). Delimitado o corpus de estudo (onze entrevistas completas do NURC colombiano), coletamos os enunciados em espanhol em que a partícula que está inserida, bem como alguns dos seus afins, preservando os contextos necessários para uma análise sintática adequada. Esses contextos sintáticos espanhóis nos quais aparece a partícula que é que nortearam a divisão dos capítulos deste trabalho. Nossa pesquisa consta de cinco capítulos. O primeiro, numa tentativa de retomar às origens para entender os auais empregos do que, trata diacronicamente do tema. O que pronome relativo, os outros pronomes relativos, os advérbios relativos, bem como os seus correspondentes portugueses e a freqüência de uso nas duas línguas é o assunto do segundo capítulo. Partindo do que interrogativo, o terceiro capítulo versa sobre os pronomes interrogativos em geral e suas correspondências em português. No quarto capítulo, abordamos o estudo do que conjuntivo, do porque e das locuções conjuntivas, bem como das equivalências portuguesas. O quinto e último capítulo trata de dois outros contextos sintáticos em que a partícula que aparece em nosso corpus de trabalho tanto em espanhol como em português: as perífrases verbais de obrigação e expletivos.
Abstract: The starting point of this dissertation was our interest in studying the formal as well as the semantic correspondences between the usages of the particle QUE, both in Spanish and in Portuguese. Due to the high degree of occurrences of this particle in both languages, we chose to center our research in a corpus of spoken language. In fact the oral language reflects with more authenticity the way languages function and, in particular, the uses of THE. Therefore we analyzed samples of speech taken from interviews that were registered and transcribed by researchers belonging to the NURC (Project for the Study of the Cultivated Linguistic Norm) in Bogotá (Colombia), for Spanish language, and in São Paulo (Brazil), for the Portuguese. Once the corpus established, we gathered and classified the utterances of eleven interviews in Colombian Spanish, in which the particle QUE and other related forms appear. Necessary contextual elements were preserved to make possible an accurate syntactic analysis. The syntactic contexts of QUE detected in the Spanish corpus guided the division in five chapters of our work. The first one is a diachronic approach which constitutes an effort to reach the ancient and original usages of QUE in order to a better understanding of its present behavior. The relative pronoun QUE, other relative pronouns, relative adverbs, as well as their Portuguese counterparts and their frequency of use in both languages are the subject of our second chapter. Beginning with the interrogative QUE, the third chapter deals with the Spanish interrogative pronouns in general and their corresponding forms in Portuguese...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Kindermann, Dirk. "Perspective in context : relative truth, knowledge, and the first person". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3164.

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This dissertation is about the nature of perspectival thoughts and the context-sensitivity of the language used to express them. It focuses on two kinds of perspectival thoughts: ‘subjective' evaluative thoughts about matters of personal taste, such as 'Beetroot is delicious' or 'Skydiving is fun', and first-personal or de se thoughts about oneself, such as 'I am hungry' or 'I have been fooled.' The dissertation defends of a novel form of relativism about truth - the idea that the truth of some (but not all) perspectival thought and talk is relative to the perspective of an evaluating subject or group. In Part I, I argue that the realm of ‘subjective' evaluative thought and talk whose truth is perspective-relative includes attributions of knowledge of the form 'S knows that p.' Following a brief introduction (chapter 1), chapter 2 presents a new, error-theoretic objection against relativism about knowledge attributions. The case for relativism regarding knowledge attributions rests on the claim that relativism is the only view that explains all of the empirical data from speakers' use of the word "know" without recourse to an error theory. In chapter 2, I show that the relativist can only account for sceptical paradoxes and ordinary epistemic closure puzzles if she attributes a problematic form of semantic blindness to speakers. However, in 3 I show that all major competitor theories - forms of invariantism and contextualism - are subject to equally serious error-theoretic objections. This raises the following fundamental question for empirical theorising about the meaning of natural language expressions: If error attributions are ubiquitous, by which criteria do we evaluate and compare the force of error-theoretic objections and the plausibility of error attributions? I provide a number of criteria and argue that they give us reason to think that relativism's error attributions are more plausible than those of its competitors. In Part II, I develop a novel unified account of the content and communication of perspectival thoughts. Many relativists regarding ‘subjective' thoughts and Lewisians about de se thoughts endorse a view of belief as self-location. In chapter 4, I argue that the self-location view of belief is in conflict with the received picture of linguistic communication, which understands communication as the transmission of information from speaker's head to hearer's head. I argue that understanding mental content and speech act content in terms of sequenced worlds allows a reconciliation of these views. On the view I advocate, content is modelled as a set of sequenced worlds - possible worlds ‘centred' on a group of individuals inhabiting the world at some time. Intuitively, a sequenced world is a way a group of people may be. I develop a Stalnakerian model of communication based on sequenced worlds content, and I provide a suitable semantics for personal pronouns and predicates of personal taste. In chapter 5, I show that one of the advantages of this model is its compatibility with both nonindexical contextualism and truth relativism about taste. I argue in chapters 5 and 6 that the empirical data from eavesdropping, retraction, and disagreement cases supports a relativist completion of the model, and I show in detail how to account for these phenomena on the sequenced worlds view.
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Silva, Hosana dos Santos. "Aprendizagem do pronome relativo cujo: reflexões sobre a escrita". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-04102007-140538/.

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Com base nos princípios teóricos da teoria gerativa, este estudo analisa a produção escrita de relativas genitivas convencionais introduzidas pelo pronome relativo cujo. A hipótese central do estudo é a de que essas construções não resultam diretamente da gramática nuclear, construída na infância, no processo natural de aquisição da linguagem, mas resultam da gramática periférica, por meio do processo de escolarização (nos termos discutidos em Kato, 2005, com base na proposta de Chomsky, 1981). Através da experimentação, testou-se a produção de orações por alunos da 5ª série do ensino fundamental ao 3º ano do ensino médio. Visando verificar quais são as condições lingüísticas mais favoráveis ao uso da relativa genitiva convencional, focalizou-se a influência dos traços semânticos [± humano], [±masculino], [± plural] do NP conseqüente, e a função sintática do NP antecedente e do NP que contém o PP relativizado. Os resultados evidenciam a função sintática do nódulo que contém o PP relativizado como um fator intralingüistico relevante para determinar o comportamento dessa variante, bem como confirmam a influência do fator escolaridade na produção de orações relativas genitivas.
Inspired by the principles of the Generative Theory, this work aims to analyse the use of a standard construction with the relative pronoun cujo (whose). The hypothesis argued for in this thesis considers that these constructions are not derived from the core grammar, constructed during childhood, in the natural process of language acquisition. Instead, they result from peripheral grammar, through the scholarization process (as discussed by Kato, 2005, based on the studies of Chomsky, 1981). Through experimentation, sentences were tested with students from the fifth grade of primary education till the third grade of high school. In order to verify which are the most propitious linguistic conditions to the use of the standard genitive relative, we examined the influence of semantic traces [± human], [±masculine], [± plural] of the following NP, the syntactic function of the preceding PP, and the NP which holds the relativized PP. The results evidence the syntactic function of the node which holds the relativized PP as a relevant intralinguistic factor to determine the behavior of this variant, as well as they confirm the influence of the schooling factor in the production of genitive relative sentences.
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George, Christina. "Revised syntactic attributes for relative cause simplification and relative pronoun correction". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27245.

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Using previous work for resolving relative clause attachment ambiguities as a starting point, we expanded an existing framework consisting mainly of semantic features to include new syntactic features. We used these new syntactic attributes on their own, as well as with the existing ones in two separate applications. First, we examined sentences containing restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses and classified them according to whether the relative clauses could be removed to simplify the sentences. In the second application, we corrected the selection of relative pronouns in French to English machine translations. To test our revised syntactic attributes, we devised a two-stage system. In the first stage, we used binary classification to perform an initial screening of sentences, followed by a more detailed classification in the second stage. We then evaluated the performance of each stage as well as the system as a whole. In each application, we made specific adjustments and succeeded in demonstrating that the combination of syntactic and semantic attributes was more effective in these classification tasks than relying on one type of attribute exclusively.
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Benshenshin, Marwa. "Le mot quoi et ses équivalents arabes mā et māḏā dans les phrases interrogatives, percontatives, relatives et intégratives : Étude Contrastive". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA077.

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Cette étude comparative porte sur les emplois interrogatif, percontatif, relatif (avec antécédent) et intégratif (sans antécédent) du pronom indéfini quoi en français et de ses équivalents mā et māḏā en langue arabe. Notre corpus est tiré de la littérature du XXe siècle, et plus particulièrement des romans et des pièces de théâtre de Margueritte Duras et de Marcel Pagnol pour le français, et de Naguib Mahfouz pour lʼarabe. Nous étudierons tout dʼabord les emplois de ces trois pronoms régis par leurs caractéristiques et leurs propriétés syntaxiques. Nous analysons le comportement syntaxique de mā et de māḏā dans leurs emplois interrogatifs en comparaison avec leur équivalent français quoi. Nous verrons notamment quʼil existe des points communs et des divergences entre les deux langues, plus particulièrement concernant leur autonomie syntaxique au niveau de leur position dans la phrase. Nous examinons également lʼemploi de quoi et de mā et māḏā dans la subordination, en tant que percontatifs, relatifs et intégratifs. Notre analyse montre que les différentes formes de la percontative sʼexpliquent par les caractéristiques propres aux trois pronoms. Pour les deux autres emplois, il existe des points de divergence entre mā et quoi, surtout au niveau de lʼantécédent utilisé pour le relatif. Quant à lʼemploi intégratif, mā, de par ses propriétés syntaxiques, admet plus de fonctions dans la phrase que son équivalent quoi
This comparative study examines the interrogative, percontative, relative (with antecedent)and integrative (with no antecedent) uses of quoi the indefinite pronoun in French and itsequivalents mā and māḏā in Arabic. Our corpus is taken from twentieth century literature,especially novels and plays of Margueritte Duras and Marcel Pagnol for French, and NaguibMahfouz for Arabic. We first see how the uses of these three pronouns are governed by theircharacteristics and syntactic properties. We analyze the syntactic behavior of mā and māḏā intheir interrogative uses compared with their French equivalent quoi. We will see that there aresimilarities and differences between the two languages, especially regarding their syntacticautonomy in their position in the sentence. We also examine the use of quoi, mā and māḏā insubordination, as percontatifs, relatives and integratives. Our analysis shows that the differentforms of percontative are explained by the characteristics of the three pronouns. For the lasttwo uses, there are many points of divergence between mā and quoi, especially regarding thetype of antecedent being used. In terms of integrative use mā, through its syntactic properties,admits more functions in the sentence than its equivalent quoi
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Xu, Yi Xing. "Pronomes relativos e oracoes relativas na perspectiva do ensino de Portugues a aprendentes Chineses". Thesis, University of Macau, 1999. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636634.

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Vo, Thi Anh Ngoc. "Subordination relative en vietnamien : éléments de comparaison avec le français". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20151.

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Cette thèse propose une description du vietnamien en comparaison avec le français autour du phénomène de la relativisation, dans le cadre de la linguistique typologique et contrastive. Elle s’articule en deux parties. La première traite des questions préliminaires et du cadre typologique. Il s’agit de présenter quelques traits dominants de la langue vietnamienne, langue isolante, par rapport au français, langue flexionnelle, en passant en revue certaines notions de base en linguistique générale telles que sujet/sujet grammatical, thème/rhème, phrase/proposition et subordination/subordonnant. La notion de subordination sera ensuite introduite dans le cadre typologique adopté (Creissels 2006) pour la présentation de la relativisation translinguistique ainsi que pour l’analyse des relatives en français et en vietnamien. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’étude contrastive des relatives en français et en vietnamien, et cela, avec un double objectif. Le premier est de dégager, aux niveaux morphosyntaxique et fonctionnel, les propriétés de la relativisation en examinant la structure syntaxique du nom de domaine, les stratégies de relativisation, la Hiérarchie d’Accessibilité à la relativisation ainsi que les types de relatives. Le second est de mettre en évidence les particularités du fonctionnement du vietnamien par rapport au français, et plus spécifiquement, la relation minimale (Lemaréchal 1997) entre un nom et une relative et la polyfonctionnalité du relativiseur mà. Cette étude, qui se veut contribuer à la typologie de la relativisation, fournit une description systématique de la subordonnée relative dans une perspective typologique, et jamais une telle étude n’a été entreprise, à notre connaissance, en linguistique vietnamienne
This thesis proposes a description of Vietnamese in comparison with French around the phenomenon of relativization in the frame of typological and contrastive linguistics. It is divided into two parts. The first part specifies the preliminary matters and typological framework. It presents some salient features of the Vietnamese language, an isolating language, compared to the French inflected language. It reviews some basic concepts in general linguistics such as subject / grammatical subject, theme / rheme, sentence / clause and subordination / subordinator. The notion of subordination is then introduced into the typological framework adopted (Creissels 2006) for the presentation of crosslinguistic relativization as well as for the analysis of relative clauses in French and in Vietnamese. The second part is devoted to the constrative study of the relative clauses in French and in Vietnamese with two objectives. The first objective is to identify the properties of relativization at the morphosyntactic and functional levels by examining the syntactic structure of the head noun, the strategies of relativization, the Accessibility Hierarchy for relativization and the typology of relative clauses. The second objective is to highlight the peculiarities of the functioning of Vietnamese compared with French, and more specifically, the Minimum relationship (Lemaréchal 1997) between a head noun and a relative clause and the polyfunctionality of the relativiser mà. This study, which aims at contributing to the typology of relativization, provides a systematic description of the relative subordination in a typological perspective, and never such a study has been undertaken, to our knowledge, in Vietnamese linguistics
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Livros sobre o assunto "Relative pronouns"

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Brendsel, Daniel Joseph. An interpretive lexicon of New Testament Greek: Analysis of prepositions, adverbs, particles, relative pronouns, and conjunctions. Grand Rapids, MI, USA: Zondervan, 2014.

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1947-, Hirschbühler Paul, ed. Las construcciones de relativo. Madrid: Taurus Universitaria, 1991.

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3

García, Francisco Osuna. Las construcciones de relativo. Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 2005.

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García, Francisco Osuna. Las construcciones de relativo. Córdoba [Spain]: Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Córdoba, 2005.

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5

Lars, Larsson. La sintassi dei pronomi relativi in italiano moderno: Con particolare riguardo alla concorrenza tra CHE e PREP. + CUI/IL QUALE nella proposizione relativa ad antecedente temporale. Uppsala: Dept. of Romance Languages, Uppsala University, 1990.

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6

Kunstmann, Pierre. Le relatif-interrogatif en ancien français. Genève: Droz, 1990.

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Kunstmann, Pierre. Le relatif-interrogatif en ancien français. Genève: Droz, 1990.

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Kunstmann, Pierre. Le Relatif-interrogatif en ancien français. Genève: Droz, 1990.

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9

Kunstmann, Pierre. Le Relatif-interrogatif en ancien français. Genève: Droz, 1990.

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Bouarich, Houriya. Étude contrastive arabe/français: Cas de la relative. München: Lincom Europa, 2008.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Relative pronouns"

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Fehringer, Carol. "Relative pronouns". In German Grammar in Context, 62–68. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429197475-9.

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Jubb, Margaret, e Annie Rouxeville. "Relative pronouns". In French Grammar in Context, 65–70. Fifth edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429492419-11.

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Mynett, Mark. "Relative pronouns". In Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar, 110–14. 2nd edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York,: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315627311-13.

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Rôme, Denise De. "Relative pronouns". In Soluzioni, 215–24. Fourth edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge concise grammars series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429508202-14.

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Thacker, Mike, e Casimir d’Angelo. "Relative pronouns". In Essential French Grammar, 365–75. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Essential Language Grammars: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429441882-15.

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Howkins, Angela, Christopher Pountain, Teresa de Carlos e Javier Muñoz-Basols. "Relative pronouns". In Practising Spanish Grammar, 181–84. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Practising grammar workbooks: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429441165-28.

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Abu-Chacra, Faruk. "Relative pronouns and relative clauses". In Arabic, 275–85. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge essential grammars |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315620091-27.

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Butt, John, e Carmen Benjamin. "Relative clauses and pronouns". In A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish, 448–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8368-4_35.

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Jubb, Margaret. "Key points: relative pronouns". In Upgrade Your French, 141–48. Third edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge,: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351013031-21.

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Becker, Shannon R. "Relative and interrogative pronouns". In French for Reading and Translation, 96–108. 1. | New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429325922-9.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Relative pronouns"

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Kanchina, Yingyot, Tipraporn Thanakulwarapas, Krit Kosawat e Sunant Anchaleenukoon. "Recognizer for Thai complex sentences including relative pronouns". In 2008 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2008.4600389.

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Khullar, Payal, Konigari Rachna, Mukul Hase e Manish Shrivastava. "Automatic Question Generation using Relative Pronouns and Adverbs". In Proceedings of ACL 2018, Student Research Workshop. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-3022.

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Wei, Liu. "A Dynamic Parsing Approach to Presence and Absence of Resumptive Pronouns in Mandarin Relative Clauses". In 2010 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence (AICI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aici.2010.81.

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Budennaya, E. V., A. A. Evdokimova, Ju V. Nikolaeva e N. V. Sukhova. "REFERENTIAL PHENOMENA IN SPEAKER'S KINETIC CHANNELS". In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-133-146.

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The article addresses the relation of referential expressions and co-occurring kinetic phenomena (hand and head gestures) on the material of the RUPEX multimodal corpus. The results reflect significant differences in how individual movements and gestures are aligned with two major types of reference (full NPs vs. reduced expressions). It was initially assumed that full NPs are more often accompanied by a gesture. Our data support this hypothesis not only through the material of hand gestures, but also through head movements. Moreover, full NPs are more likely to be accompanied by downward movements in both manual and cephalic channels, as well as by metadiscourse gestures, in comparison to reduced referential units (personal and demonstrative pronouns). In addition, pronouns are more likely to be aligned with pointing hand gestures and zero reference is often accompanied by descriptive hand gestures. However, the kinetic behavior of the interlocutors is determined by a variety of factors, including the topic of the conversation, which predisposes to certain types of gestures and the relative position of the interlocutors.
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Cardie, Claire. "Corpus-based acquisition of relative pronoun disambiguation heuristics". In the 30th annual meeting. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/981967.981995.

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