Artigos de revistas: "Remotely piloted vehicles"

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Hall, Philip. "Remotely Piloted Airborne Vehicles [Opinion]." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 33, no. 4 (2014): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mts.2014.2367955.

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RAGAUSKAS, Ugnius, Domantas BRUČAS, and Jūratė SUŽIEDELYTĖ VISOCKIENĖ. "RESEARCH OF REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLES FOR CARGO TRANSPORTATION." Aviation 20, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2016.1168006.

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Remotely piloted vehicles (RPV) are used in various fields. The article analyses RPV usage for aerial cargo transportation. The first part is an overview of RPVs used across the world as cargo transportation, their examples and prototypes, as well as the comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. The second part is an analysis of aircraft structural components, by comparing their various configurations. The best cargo delivery method is analysed; and a mathematical model of cargo drop from vehicle is presented.

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Elshikha, D. E., A. R. Roanhorse, P. M. Waller, and V. Jenkins. "REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLES AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2007.200946.

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Jenn, D. C. "RPVs. Tiny, microwave powered, remotely piloted vehicles." IEEE Potentials 16, no. 5 (1998): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/45.645828.

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Hardin, Perry J., and Thomas J. Hardin. "Small-Scale Remotely Piloted Vehicles in Environmental Research." Geography Compass 4, no. 9 (September 2010): 1297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00381.x.

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Thomas, Peter R., and Pouria Sarhadi. "Geofencing Motion Planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using an Anticipatory Range Control Algorithm." Machines 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2024): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12010036.

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This paper presents a range control approach for implementing hard geofencing for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), and especially remotely piloted versions (RPVs), via a proposed anticipatory range calculator. The approach employs turning circle intersection tests that anticipate the fence perimeter on approach. This ensures the vehicle turns before penetrating the geofence and remains inside the allowable operational airspace by accounting for the vehicles’ turning dynamics. Allowance is made for general geozone shapes and locations, including those located at the problematic poles and meridians where nonlinear angle mapping is dealt with, concave geozones, narrow corners with acute internal angles, and transient turn dynamics. The algorithm is shown to prevent any excursions using a high-fidelity simulation of a small remotely piloted vehicle. The algorithm relies on a single tuning parameter which can be determined from the closed-loop rise time in the aircraft’s roll command tracking.

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Riley, Jennifer M., and Mica R. Endsley. "Situation Awareness in Hri with Collaborating Remotely Piloted Vehicles." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 3 (September 2005): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900341.

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In future Army operations, soldiers may be required to remotely operate multiple robotic vehicles and participate in collaborative tasks with these systems. The ability to acquire and maintain situation awareness in tasking and controlling robots will be critical to human-robot interaction. Understanding the critical information requirements for robotics tasks will be important, particularly when operators must work with multiple systems across aerial and ground platforms, and must perform under what will likely be varying levels of system autonomy. Here, we examine SA needs in the context of a collaborative military task involving deployment of a single UAV that is coordinating with multiple UGVs to identify “safe lanes” for advancing troops. Cognitive task analysis was conducted for the task, along with an examination of potential function allocations that may require operator multi-tasking and frequent task switching. Issues in developing and maintaining situation awareness are discussed.

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SKRYPITSYNA, T. N., and S. V. STAROVEROV. "SHOOTING BUILDING FACADES USING REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLE." Engineering survey 12, no. 7-8 (November 20, 2018): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2018-12-7-8-46-52.

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Facades survey in urban agglomerations has its own characteristics. Constrained conditions for performing geodetic measurements, work on shooting facades from the ground have many dead zones,, with vertical angles exceeding 45 °, which can lead to a decrease in the accuracy of measurement results. This entails the need to take into account a number of instrumental errors of the electronic total station when performing surveys with a semi-receiver. The use of a geodetic measurement method is not always possible due to the lack of an acceptable installation location for an electronic total station, for example, when monitoring buildings, dams, bridges, etc. Under these conditions, it is reasonable to use aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) rotary type — quadcopter. The software products intended for processing data from UAV makes it possible to obtain both orthophotoplans and more promising pseudo-spatial models with a real image of objects that can be observed and measured on a monitor screen - three-dimensional realistic models of buildings. The article presents the results of the facade survey of the structure under construction, obtained by a geodetic method using an electronic total station and photogrammetric method using а DJI Phantom 4 pro unmanned aerial vehicle. The errors of obtaining the coordinates of the reference points necessary for photogrammetric processing are considered. The technology of performance of works realized by the photogrammetric method is given and calculation of the optimal parameters of aerial photography is resulted. The results of deviations from the design position of the parts of the facade obtained by the orthophotomap are given. The maximum deviation value of the angle of the window opening in the plane of the facade was 102 mm, which made it possible to quickly identify rough construction errors. Deviations less than 25 mm accounted for 85% of the measurements made. A comparative assessment of two methods showed a number of advantages of using UAVs for facade surveys compared to the traditional geodetic survey by an electronic total station.

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Brodņevs, Deniss. "Development of a Flexible Software Solution for Controlling Unmanned Air Vehicles via the Internet." Transport and Aerospace Engineering 6, no. 1 (August 24, 2018): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tae-2018-0005.

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Abstract Remotely piloted operations of lightweight Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) are limited by transmitter power consumption and are always restricted to Line-of-Sight (LOS) distance. The use of mobile cellular network data transfer services (e.g. 3G HSPA and LTE) as well as long-range terrestrial links (e.g. LoraWAN) makes it possible to significantly extend the operation range of the remotely piloted UAV. This paper describes the development of a long-range communication solution for the UAV telemetry system. The proposed solution is based on (but not restricted to) cellular data transfer service and is implemented on Raspberry Pi under Gentoo Linux control. The goal of the project is to develop a flexible system for implementing optimized redundant network solutions for the Non-LOS remote control of the UAV

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Hartley, Craig S., David J. Cwynar, Kathy D. Garcia, and Robert A. Schein. "Capture of Satellites having Rotational Motion." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 9 (September 1986): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000905.

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This paper describes the results of system development simulations conducted to resolve key human factors issues involved in the capture of satellites having rotational motion, using both manned and remotely piloted vehicles. These man-in-the-loop simulations of remotely piloted Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV) spacecraft, combined with recent on-orbit experience from Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) capture and retrieval missions, have provided results related to many of the human factors issues inherent in such piloting tasks. The results discussed relate to control authority, piloting techniques, communications time delays, plume impingement, contact dynamics, controls, and displays. The paper concludes with a summary table of knowledge established through simulations and mission experience that is applicable to capture and retrieval of dynamic satellites.

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Visockienė, Jūratė Sužiedelytė, Domantas Bručas, Renata Bagdžiūnaitė, Rūta Puzienė, Arminas Stanionis, and Ugnius Ragauskas. "Remotely-piloted aerial system for photogrammetry: orthoimage generation for mapping applications." Geografie 121, no. 3 (2016): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2016121030349.

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Recently the tendency of replacing aircraft by light, simple, cheap unmanned aerial vehicles for the purposes of updating the field of aerial photogrammetry has been observed. The article deals with the issues of project calculations concerning unmanned aerial vehicles flights and an analysis of the images acquired during field-testing flights. In this article, we analyze the images acquired by mini unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular, the 1.8 plane and the plane SOA-1 that have been processed by a commercial off-the-shelf software package Agisoft PhotoScan (Russia). The 1.8 plane was equipped with the camera Canon S100, containing known camera calibration parameters. These parameters were used for the processing of the image. The aircraft SOA-1 had the camera Canon PowerShot SX280 HS without camera calibration parameters. The camera parameters were calculated by software during the processing image. The paper also presents results of an investigation into the average camera location errors during the test flights, the quality of orthoimage generation by point cloud and a digital terrain model.

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Mazhar, Ummad. "Do remotely piloted aerial vehicles make terrorism more costly for terrorists?" International Journal of Conflict Management 27, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 470–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-06-2015-0035.

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Purpose The use of remotely piloted aerial vehicles (RPVs) as a counterterrorism strategy is intensely debated on grounds of legitimacy, political feasibility and human rights. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the link between RPVs’ strikes and terrorism through evidence-based analysis. Design/methodology/approach Using insights from economic analysis of counterterrorism, the study hypothesized possible channels through which RPVs may increase costs for terrorism. A novel data set is gathered to empirically test the theory-consistent prediction of a negative link between RPVs’ strikes and terrorism in a multivariate econometric framework. Findings Focusing on RPVs’ strikes in Pakistan over 2008 to 2013, the analysis yields important new insights. The principal finding suggests that RPVs reduce overall terrorism, while, without negating the negative spillover effects of RPVs use, there is no evidence of a positive feedback from civilian casualties to terrorism. These findings are not driven by extreme observations and satisfy a number of conventional diagnostic checks. Practical implications A well-constructed comparison and empirical evidence in this study implies that RPVs may yield net benefits in terms of greater security at regional and national levels. Social implications Moreover, as a proactive counterterrorism measure, RPVs can be an effective policing tool in crowded urban areas facing the greater threat of terrorism. Originality/value The study is the first to systematically analyze the link between RPV strikes and the magnitude of terrorism. The groundbreaking analysis thus extends the scope of economic inquiry to the role of RPVs as a counterterrorism strategy at national, regional and global levels. The findings of the study cast doubt on the validity of many popular notions about RPVs strikes, as they find little support in the empirical analysis.

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Reyes-Muñoz, A., J. Guerrero-Ibáñez, E. Pastor, M. Gasull, and C. Barrado. "Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems and a Wireless Sensors Network for Radiological Accidents." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9437165.

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In critical radiological situations, the real time information that we could get from the disaster area becomes of great importance. However, communication systems could be affected after a radiological accident. The proposed network in this research consists of distributed sensors in charge of collecting radiological data and ground vehicles that are sent to the nuclear plant at the moment of the accident to sense environmental and radiological information. Afterwards, data would be analyzed in the control center. Collected data by sensors and ground vehicles would be delivered to a control center using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) as a message carrier. We analyze the pairwise contacts, as well as visiting times, data collection, capacity of the links, size of the transmission window of the sensors, and so forth. All this calculus was made analytically and compared via network simulations.

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Aravind, Rajeswari, and S. Mathivathani. "Overview of Quad Copter and Its Utilitarian." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.7758.

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The focus of this research is drone which is called as the UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). They include both autonomous drones and remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs). The article highlights on feasibility of drone in various applications and its variable mechanism. Features of drones are also discussed here. Drones are not to given licenses by several governments since they pose a threat to privacy and also security. Therefore an active surveillance scheme has to be developed to monitor its uncontrolled use.

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Guan, Wen-Lin, Fei-Bin Hsiao, Ching-Shun Ho, and Jiann-Min Huang. "Development of Low-Cost Differential Global Positioning System for Remotely Piloted Vehicles." Journal of Aircraft 36, no. 4 (July 1999): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.2491.

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Gottwald, Tim R. "A Spore and Pollen Trap for Use on Aerial Remotely Piloted Vehicles." Phytopathology 75, no. 7 (1985): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-75-801.

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Nadeem, MSc, Ali Bin, and YSA Chandna. "Remotely Piloted Life-Saving Effort vehicles and emergency management: An analysis on revolutionizing humanitarian assistance in Pakistan." Journal of Emergency Management 16, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2018.0349.

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The majority of the Pakistani public has known little of the unmanned aerial vehicles, also known for their onomatopoeically inspired name “drones,” except the fact that it regularly rains Hellfire missiles in Pakistan, claiming the lives of many innocent Pakistanis settled in the western provinces. In actuality, in addition to their destructive capacities, these remotely piloted vehicles have been used since the turn of the century in a variety of live-saving and risk-reducing roles. This research article primarily addresses the third stage of Emergency management response, with Pakistan being the primary region of research. This research article will first begin by diagnosing and accurately delineating the types of humanitarian crisis that grip Pakistan, devastating its land, exhausting its limited resources in its weak, and now almost archaic, disaster response strategy that results in the prolongation of its citizens’ plight. Subsequently, this article will describe the history of the usage of unmanned vehicles, its multi-functional capacities, and its relevance in aiding humanitarian response efforts in disaster-stricken areas. Finally, this article will propose the introduction of Remotely Piloted Life-Saving Effort (RELIEF) vehicles in performing analysis and surveillance roles in Pakistan's disaster-prone and disaster-struck areas and its capacity to dramatically improve and expedite the existing relief supply delivery systems in place.

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Barcala-Montejano, Miguel A., Ángel A. Rodríguez-Sevillano, Rafael Bardera-Mora, Jaime García-Ramírez, Joaquín de Nova-Trigueros, Iñigo Urcelay-Oca, and Israel Morillas-Castellano. "Smart materials applied in a micro remotely piloted aircraft system with morphing wing." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 16 (July 5, 2018): 3317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18783893.

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The article presents a research in the field of morphing wings (adaptive wing geometry) developed over a prototype of micro-unmanned air vehicle based on smart materials technology. This morphing wing will optimize the aircraft performance features. Modifying the curvature of the wing, the micro-unmanned air vehicles will adjust its performance in an optimum mode to cruise flight condition as well as in the phases of takeoff and landing. The installation of mechanical elements for control surfaces in small size aircraft means, on some occasions, an extra complexity. In addition, it takes into account an increase in aircraft weight. In this research, the adaptive wing geometry is based on macro-fiber composites, so that its position on the inner surfaces of the wing allows the appropriate modification of the curvature, adapting them to the flight profile. This research will present the conceptual design of the vehicle, computational calculations, experimental results of the wind tunnel testing, validations using non-intrusive techniques (particle image velocimetry) and a theoretical–experimental analysis of the macro-fiber composite effects over the wing. An Arduino board will perform the control parameters of the macro-fiber composite deformation. With these analytical, computational, and experimental results, the most relevant conclusions are presented.

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Borreguero, David, Omar Velasco, and João Valente. "Experimental Design of a Mobile Landing Platform to Assist Aerial Surveys in Fluvial Environments." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010038.

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Sampling aquatic ecosystems is a laborious and expensive task, especially when covering large areas. This can be improved using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with various remote sensing sensors. However, the UAV performance and autonomy may vary due to external factors when it is operated outdoors. In some cases, an emergency landing maneuver is necessary to avoid an accident, since in fluvial environments, the UAV control landing becomes a difficult operation. Therefore, it is important to have a backup platform on the water to fix this problem. This paper presents the design and development of a custom-built unmanned surface vehicle using open-source tools and with two types of operation—remotely piloted and autonomous—to support remote sensing practices with UAVs in fluvial environments. Finally, part of the software developed within this project was released in an open-source repository.

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Bareiss, Daman, Joseph R. Bourne, and Kam K. Leang. "On-board model-based automatic collision avoidance: application in remotely-piloted unmanned aerial vehicles." Autonomous Robots 41, no. 7 (January 25, 2017): 1539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10514-017-9614-4.

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Giulietti, Fabrizio, Lorenzo Pollini, and Giulio Avanzini. "Visual aids for safe operation of remotely piloted vehicles in the controlled air space." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 230, no. 9 (March 7, 2016): 1641–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016632014.

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Zajdel, Albert, Cezary Szczepański, Mariusz Krawczyk, Jerzy Graffstein, and Piotr Masłowski. "Selected Aspects of the Low Level Automatic Taxi Control System Concept." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2017, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2017-0016.

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Abstract Taxiing of manned and remotely piloted aircraft is still performed by pilots without using a system of automatic control of direction and speed. Several reasons have emerged in recent years that make the automation of taxiing an important design challenge. The reasons are: decreased airport capacity due to the growing number of aircraft, poor ground operation conditions during poor visibility conditions, an increase in workload of pilots and air traffic controllers and the integration of simultaneous ground operations of manned and remotely piloted air vehicles. This paper presents selected aspects of the concept of a Low Level Automatic Taxi Control System. In particular, it emphasizes the means of controlling an aircraft during taxiing, accuracy requirements of the system and proposes control techniques. The resulting controller of the system is adaptable for different aircrafts. The actuators and their mechanical connections to available controls are the aircraft specific part and are designed for the particular type – in this case – a general aviation light airplane.

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Maksyutina, Elena, та Aleksei Golovkin. "Инновационный вектор развития автомобильной промышленности России". Belarusian Economic Journal 2/2020, № 2 (91) - 2020 (26 червня 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46782/1818-4510-2020-2-109-117.

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Analyzed are the global automobile manufacturing trends and their impact on Russia’s and Belarus’s automobile industries. The subject of analysis is the innovative process as well as the rate of introducing changes related to the technologies of remotely piloted vehicles. Stated are stagnation processes in passenger cars manufacturing, and the growth of innovative activity of the trucks manufacturing segment, especially in agricultural machine manufacturing. Analyzed are the development issues of PJSC «AVTOVAZ», PJSC «KAMAZ», «Gomselmash» and MTZ-HOLDING

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Campagnaro, Filippo, Alberto Signori, and Michele Zorzi. "Wireless Remote Control for Underwater Vehicles." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100736.

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Nowadays, the increasing availability of commercial off-the-shelf underwater acoustic and non-acoustic (e.g., optical and electromagnetic) modems that can be employed for both short-range broadband and long-range low-rate communication, the increasing level of autonomy of underwater vehicles, and the refinement of their underwater navigation systems pave the way for several new applications, such as data muling from underwater sensor networks and the transmission of real-time video streams underwater. In addition, these new developments inspired many companies to start designing hybrid wireless-driven underwater vehicles specifically tailored for off-shore operations and that are able to behave either as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) or as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), depending on both the type of mission they are required to perform and the limitations imposed by underwater communication channels. In this paper, we evaluate the actual quality of service (QoS) achievable with an underwater wireless-piloted vehicle, addressing the realistic aspects found in the underwater domain, first reviewing the current state-of-the-art of communication technologies and then proposing the list of application streams needed for control of the underwater vehicle, grouping them in different working modes according to the level of autonomy required by the off-shore mission. The proposed system is finally evaluated by employing the DESERT Underwater simulation framework by specifically analyzing the QoS that can be provided to each application stream when using a multimodal underwater communication system specifically designed to support different traffic-based QoSs. Both the analysis and the results show that changes in the underwater environment have a strong impact on the range and on the stability of the communication link.

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Çakıcı, Ferit, and M. Kemal Leblebicioğlu. "Modeling and simulation of a small-sized Tiltrotor UAV." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 9, no. 4 (July 4, 2011): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512911414951.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are remotely piloted or self-piloted aircrafts that can carry cameras, sensors, communication equipment and other payloads. Tiltrotor UAVs provide a unique platform that fulfills the needs for ever-changing mission requirements, by combining the desired features of hovering like a helicopter and reaching high forward speeds like an airplane, which might be a force multiplier in the battlefield. In this paper, the conceptual design and aerodynamical model of a realizable small-sized Tiltrotor UAV are presented, and the linearized state-space models are obtained around the trim points for airplane, helicopter and conversion modes. Controllers are designed using tracking optimal control method and gain scheduling is employed to obtain a simulation for the whole flight envelope. An interactive software infrastructure is established for the design, analysis and simulation phases, based on the theoretical concepts.

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Sitnikov, N. M., Yu A. Borisov, I. I. Chekulaev, D. I. Efremov, D. V. Akmulin, V. I. Sitnikova, and A. E. Ulanovskii. "Returnable upper-air sonde based on unmanned or remotely-piloted aerial vehicles for atmospheric balloon sounding." Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 39, no. 9 (September 2014): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106837391409009x.

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Andre, Luis, Pedro Pinho, Carolina Gouveia, and Caroline Loss. "Textile Antenna for First-Person View Goggles." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 27, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.28841.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, also known as drones, are vehicles controlled remotely. First-Person View (FPV) technology allows these vehicles to have greater versatility and be more easily piloted. The antennas currently used for video transmission are bulky and uncomfortable, so there is a need for this volume to be reduced to increase portability, being this the focus of the paper. The antenna was developed in textile materials to reduce its size and weight, as these materials allow for a better comfort and a reduced footprint. This paper presents a microstrip array adapted for the frequencies used in FPV video transmission. The designed textile antenna was compared with a commercially available rigid antenna used for this transmission. The comparison shows promising results for the antenna made of textile materials. The main goal of increasing the comfort and portability of the FPV goggles was achieved.

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Abdukarimov, Sirojiddin, and Asadullo Ganiev. "RECENT APPROACHES AND ALGORITHMS TO SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEMS OF COLLISION AVOIDANCE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-05-36.

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An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft that is remotely piloted or flown autonomously, without pilot assistance. Historically, UAVs were originally used as military devices: weapons and reconnaissance tools. However, since the early 2000s, UAVs developed for purely civilian purposes rather than military ones have become increasingly important. The civilian application of UAVs is very broad: from the agricultural and entertainment sectors to the oil and gas and security sectors. "Civilian drones can be used by emergency services (fire safety control); law enforcement (patrolling areas, detecting violations); agriculture (crop surveillance), forestry and fishing (forest protection and fishery control); geodesy companies (mapping); geography and geology institutes; oil and gas companies (monitoring of oil and gas facilities); construction companies (inspecting construction.

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Кононов, П. А. "Using the capabilities of remotely piloted aircraft as one of the most relevant areas of technical and forensic support for the investigation of crimes." Расследование преступлений: проблемы и пути их решения, no. 1(39) (April 17, 2023): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2411-1627.2023.39.1.021.

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Преступления, связанные с нарушением правил безопасности движения автотранспорта, имеют свою специфику, определяющую сложности их расследования и необходимость его качественного технико-криминалистического обеспечения. В числе современных направлений такого обеспечения все чаще упоминается использование современных дистанционно пилотируемых летательных аппаратов (ДПЛА). В статье характеризуются конструктивные особенности таких аппаратов; рассматриваются их возможности для повышения эффективности технико-криминалистического обеспечения расследования автотранспортных происшествий; описывается алгоритм работы беспилотных летательных аппаратов на базе передвижной криминалистической лаборатории. Автор аргументирует позицию о целесообразности широкого распространения опыта оснащения беспилотными летательными аппаратами дежурных следственно-оперативных групп. Crimes related to violation of traffic safety rules have their own specifics, which determine the complexity of their investigation and the need for its high-quality technical and forensic support. Among the modern areas of such support, the use of modern remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) is increasingly mentioned. The article characterizes the design features of such devices; their possibilities for improving the efficiency of technical and forensic support for the investigation of motor vehicle accidents are considered; the algorithm of operation of unmanned aerial vehicles based on a mobile forensic laboratory is described. The author argues the position on the expediency of wide dissemination of experience in equipping duty investigative teams with unmanned aerial vehicles.

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Petrova, Teodora, and Zhivo Petrov. "Analysis of the Capabilities of UAV’s and the Leading Trends in their Application in the European Cooperation Projects." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0016.

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AbstractThe European defense agency (EDA) is the key institution in the European Union in implementing resource security measures for the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The Agency has set objectives in the field of military resource development, defense research and development, pan-European armaments cooperation projects, strengthening the industrial and technological resources and as a key focus the creation of a common competitive market for military and dual-use products. Significant progress has also been made in the area of unmanned aerial vehicles (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, RPAS). The goal of the project is to introduce unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into the internal airspace. The Agency coordinates the interaction between UAV national operators the European Commission, represented by the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport and the European UAV Group.

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Boothby, William. "Some legal challenges posed by remote attack." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 886 (June 2012): 579–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383112000719.

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AbstractAttacking from a distance is nothing new, but with the advent of certain new technologies, attacks can be undertaken in which the attacker remains very remote from the scene where force will be employed. This article analyses the legal issues raised by attacks employing, respectively, remotely piloted vehicles, autonomous attack technologies, and cyber capabilities. It considers targeting law principles and rules, including distinction, discrimination, proportionality, and the precautions rules, observes that they all apply to remote attack and proceeds to explore the challenges that arise from implementing the legal requirements. Due note is taken of states’ legal obligation to review new weapons, methods and means of warfare, an obligation that reinforces the view that existing law will provide the prism through which these new attack technologies must be evaluated by states. The article then discusses how notions of liability apply in relation to remote attack, and considers whether it is depersonalization rather than remoteness in attack that is the critical legal issue.

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de Boer, Gijs, Sean Waugh, Alexander Erwin, Steven Borenstein, Cory Dixon, Wafa'a Shanti, Adam Houston, and Brian Argrow. "Measurements from mobile surface vehicles during the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE)." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-155-2021.

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Abstract. Between 14 and 20 July 2018, small unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) were deployed to the San Luis Valley of Colorado (USA) alongside surface-based remote sensors, in situ sensors, and radiosonde systems as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). The measurements collected as part of LAPSE-RATE targeted quantities related to enhancing our understanding of boundary layer structure, cloud and aerosol properties and surface–atmosphere exchange and provide detailed information to support model evaluation and improvement work. Additionally, intensive intercomparison between the different unmanned aircraft platforms was completed. The current paper describes the observations obtained using three different types of surface-based mobile observing vehicles. These included the University of Colorado Mobile UAS Research Collaboratory (MURC), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Mobile Mesonet, and two University of Nebraska Combined Mesonet and Tracker (CoMeT) vehicles. Over the 1-week campaign, a total of 143 h of data were collected using this combination of vehicles. The data from these coordinated activities provide detailed perspectives on the spatial variability of atmospheric state parameters (air temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind) throughout the northern half of the San Luis Valley. These datasets have been checked for quality and published to the Zenodo data archive under a specific “community” setup for LAPSE-RATE (https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/, last access: 21 January 2021) and are accessible at no cost by all registered users. The primary dataset DOIs are https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814765 (CU MURC measurements; de Boer et al., 2020d), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3738175 (NSSL MM measurements; Waugh, 2020), and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838724 (UNL CoMeT measurements; Houston and Erwin, 2020).

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Moykin, A. A., A. S. Medzhibovsky, S. A. Kriushin, M. V. Seleznev, and E. N. Kirikov. "Development of thickened semi-synthetic engine oil M-5z / 20 AERO for four-stroke gasoline engines aircraft piston of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)." World of Oil products the Oil Companies Bulletin 06 (2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2071-5951-2020-0-6-44-47.

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Nowadays, the creation of remotely-piloted aerial vehicles for various purposes is regarded as one of the most relevant and promising trends of aircraft development. FAU "25 State Research Institute of Chemmotology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" have studied the operation features of aircraft piston engines and developed technical requirements for motor oil for piston four-stroke UAV engines, as well as a new engine oil M-5z/20 AERO in cooperation with NPP KVALITET, LLC. Based on the complex of qualification tests, the stated operational properties of the experimental-industrial batch of M-5z/20 AERO oil are generally confirmed.

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Moykin, A. A., A. S. Medzhibovsky, S. A. Kriushin, M. V. Seleznev, and E. N. Kirikov. "Development of thickened semi-synthetic engine oil M-5z / 20 AERO for four-stroke gasoline engines aircraft piston of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)." World of Oil products the Oil Companies Bulletin 06 (2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2071-5951-2020-0-6-44-47.

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Nowadays, the creation of remotely-piloted aerial vehicles for various purposes is regarded as one of the most relevant and promising trends of aircraft development. FAU "25 State Research Institute of Chemmotology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" have studied the operation features of aircraft piston engines and developed technical requirements for motor oil for piston four-stroke UAV engines, as well as a new engine oil M-5z/20 AERO in cooperation with NPP KVALITET, LLC. Based on the complex of qualification tests, the stated operational properties of the experimental-industrial batch of M-5z/20 AERO oil are generally confirmed.

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Crampton, Jeremy W. "Assemblage of the vertical: commercial drones and algorithmic life." Geographica Helvetica 71, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-71-137-2016.

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Abstract. This paper takes up the increasingly popular topic of drones – including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS), remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), and a vast panoply of commercial drones and copters – to argue that our analysis should lie not so much on drones as objects, but as assemblages of the vertical. Drones, I argue, constitute a socio-technical assemblage of the sky and vertical space, which means that our focus should be not (only) on their technological development and capacities but also on their effects and affects. The latter of these include increasing algorithmic data collection and circulation that follow anticipatory logics.

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Macpherson, Ewen. "Is the World Ready for Drones?" Air and Space Law 43, Issue 2 (April 1, 2018): 149–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2018011.

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Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) are revolutionizing the world. RPA, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) or ‘drones’ present many new opportunities for a diverse range of industries and practices. Drones are a new way for a closer societyaviation relationship, transportation of goods and data gathering. These opportunities present corresponding challenges: safety around people, infrastructure and other airspace users; privacy, and international uniformity. It is only a matter of time before drones will need integration with non-segregated airspace. Very soon drones could make international flights, particularly in regions with many countries in close proximity (e.g. Europe, South East Asia). Despite these exciting prospects, drone technology is outpacing national and international law. International aviation regulations are governed by the Chicago Convention 1944 and administered by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Countries around the world are waiting for the first drone Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) from ICAO due in 2018. In the meantime, countries have received from ICAO a 2011 Circular Advisory, the 2015 Manual on Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS’) and Annex 2 Appendix 4 of the Chicago Convention. Working with this limited guidance, research to date on New Zealand, the United States and Singapore demonstrates great divergence in regulatory approaches and overall shows current State drone regulations are inadequate or failing on the current concerns. Therefore, clear guidance and uniformity is needed from ICAO.

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Atanasov, Asparuh, Radko Mihaylov, Svilen Stoyanov, Desislava Mihaylova, and Peter Benov. "Drone-based Monitoring of Sunflower Crops." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 6, no. 1 (May 18, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol6.iss1.258.

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Remote monitoring and utilization of digital technologies is essential for the application of the precision farming approach, which contributes significantly to the improved quality of agricultural products. The paper compares the data for six vegetation indices when observing the sunflower vegetation in South Dobrudzha in 2021. Images with RGB and digital NIR camera were obtained via a remotely piloted quadcopter. The flight plan specifies speed 8 m/s, altitude 100 m and shooting overlapping images of 80%. Six vegetation indices: NDVI, EVI2, SAVI, CVI, MGVRI and MPRI were calculated from the images obtained during the flight. The calculation of the indices takes into account the intensity of solar radiation and the parameters of the meteorological situation at the time of shooting. The findings obtained reveal a stable trend of change of the vegetation indices, thus, establishing accurate and reliable results as for the monitoring of agricultural areas with unmanned aerial vehicles.

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MINCULETE, Gheorghe, and Veronica PĂSTAE. "Abordări esențiale privind utilizarea dronelor de luptă. Elemente specifice conflictului armat din Ucraina." Buletinul Universității Naționale de Apărare „Carol I” 12, no. 4 (January 15, 2024): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2065-8281-23-48.

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Deși au fost utilizate cu mulți ani în urmă de către forțele multinaționale care au acționat în coaliție și alianță în teatrele din Irak și Afganistan, dronele de luptă, cunoscute sub denumirile de aeronave fără pilot (”unmanned aircraft systems/UAS”, ”unmanned aerial vehicles/UAV”, ”unmanned combat aerial vehicles/UCAV” sau ”remotely piloted vehicle/RPV”) reprezintă o armă redutabilă atât pentru armatele statelor NATO, cât și pentru forțele ambelor state adverse care se confruntă militar în Ucraina. În funcție de caracteristicile de bază, de dimensiuni, de capacitatea de încărcare, de viteză, de raza de acțiune, de flexibilitate, de ușurința de operare și de costuri, aceste mijloace de luptă prezintă avantaje reale în atingerea obiectivelor operaționale ale structurilor combatante, indiferent de categoria de forțe din care fac parte. Prin cele relevate, studiul prezent cuprinde o abordare teoretică, cu impact aplicativ în sfera operațională militară, fiindcă include detalii de referință esențială, focusate pe dronele de luptă, concepute, produse și utilizate de statele beligerante și nebeligerante, raportate la conflictul armat care se desfășoară pe teritoriul statului ucrainean. Din obiectivul studiului, au rezultat o serie de direcții importante în practica consolidării potențialului acțional al forțelor joint și tactice, destinate angajării în context național și multinațional în cadrul Alianței Nord-Atlantice împotriva forțelor agresive ale unui stat advers.

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Bohouta, Gamal. "Automatic speech recognition for unmanned aerial vehicles." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015671.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as unmanned aerial systems (UASs), are quickly becoming a ubiquitous technology, poised to enter some key large-scale markets in the very near future. Fleets of such vehicles will be required in these large-scale deployments for commercial, industrial, and emergency response, along with the ability to efficiently control these fleets. Voice control and communication between human operators and these fleets will become imperative. This paper explores the framework for building an automatic speech recognition (ASR) use to the control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The ARS system will be used by Aeronyde Corporation to fully-autonomous fleets with minimal human intervention. Aeronyde Corporation is working to shift and advance the current industry thinking of unmanned platforms from Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) to fully-autonomous fleets with minimal human intervention. The Aeronyde Avionics package enables a single operator to control and monitor missions of many drones in real time anywhere in the world. The “1 Pilot – Many Drones” approach to aerial data collection is revolutionary for Big Data aggregation and analytics of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Multi-UAV autonomous aerial systems will transform data acquisition for many commercial applications, including: agriculture and forestry, railroad inspections, pipeline inspections, powerline inspections, windmill inspections, terrain mapping, search and rescue, firefighting and police work, and border patrol.

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Martin, Daniel E., Wayne E. Woldt, and Mohamed A. Latheef. "Effect of Application Height and Ground Speed on Spray Pattern and Droplet Spectra from Remotely Piloted Aerial Application Systems." Drones 3, no. 4 (December 4, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones3040083.

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The objectives of this study were to characterize the effects of operational factors on spray application parameters for remotely piloted aerial application systems (RPAAS). The effects of application height and ground speed on spray pattern uniformity and droplet spectra characteristics were investigated for two RPAAS (DJI model MG-1 and HSE V6A) delivery vehicles equipped with original equipment manufacturer (OEM) nozzles. A spray mixture of tap water and fluorescent dye was applied at three different application heights in conjunction with four different ground speeds over the center line of a cotton string, suspended 1 m above ground. Fluorometric assessment of spray deposits on cotton strings and spray droplets captured on water-sensitive paper samplers described spray pattern and droplet spectra, respectively. Effective swath was determined based on the widest spray swath with a coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 25%. Regardless of ground speed, application heights of 2 and 3 m yielded the largest effective swath for the MG-1. Neither application height nor ground speed significantly influenced effective swath for the V6A. These test results may provide guidance to remote aerial applicators as to the best application height and ground speed to use for their RPAAS for efficacious application of pest control products.

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Thomas, P. R., S. Bullock, U. Bhandari, and T. S. Richardson. "Fixed-wing approach techniques for complex environments." Aeronautical Journal 119, no. 1218 (August 2015): 999–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000004292.

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AbstractThe landing approach for fixed-wing small unmanned air vehicles (SUAVs) in complex environments such as urban canyons, wooded areas, or any other obscured terrain is challenging due to the limited distance available for conventional glide slope descents. Alternative approach methods, such as deep stall and spin techniques, are beneficial for such environments but are less conventional and would benefit from further qualitative and quantitative understanding to improve their implementation. Flight tests of such techniques, with a representative remotely piloted vehicle, have been carried out for this purpose and the results are presented in this paper. Trajectories and flight data for a range of approach techniques are presented and conclusions are drawn as to the potential benefits and issues of using such techniques for SUAV landings. In particular, the stability of the vehicle on entry to a deep stall was noticeably improved through the use of symmetric inboard flaps (crow brakes). Spiral descent profiles investigated, including spin descents, produced faster descent rates and further reduced landing space requirements. However, sufficient control authority was maintainable in a spiral stall descent, whereas it was compromised in a full spin.

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Nicassio, Francesco, and Gennaro Scarselli. "Simulation and Test of Discrete Mobile Surfaces for a RC-Aircraft." Aerospace 6, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6110122.

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Morphing structures suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been investigated for several years. This paper presents a novel lightweight, morphing concept based on the exploitation of the “lever effect” of a bistable composite plate that can be integrated in an UAV horizontal tail. Flight dynamics equations are solved in Simulink environment, thus being able to simulate and compare different flight conditions with conventional and bistable command surfaces. Subsequently, bistable plates are built by using composite materials, paying particular attention to dimensions, asymmetric stacking sequence and total thickness needed to achieve bistability. NACA0011 airfoil is chosen for proving this concept. Wind tunnel tests demonstrate that the discrete surface is capable of withstanding the aerodynamic pressure. A remotely piloted vehicle is employed to test the discrete horizontal tail command during the take-off. The results show that, choosing a proper configuration of constraints, stacking sequence and aspect ratio for the bistable laminate, it is possible to tailor the snap-through mechanism. The proposed concept appears lighter and increases aerodynamic efficiency when compared to conventional UAV command surfaces.

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Podraza, Marek. "CURRENT REGULATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN UNION LAW CONCERNING THE OPERATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, no. XXIII (March 31, 2023): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3775.

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An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a machine that carries out its flight operations without a crew on board. It is remotely piloted or controlled by autonomous systems. Initially, their exploitation concerned only military matters. As time goes by and the development of this sector, unmanned aerial vehicles have also found their application in other areas of our lives. The COVID-19 pandemic, fires, transporting parcels or even organs for transplant - drones are extremely useful everywhere there. However, to make it happen, appropriate legal regulations are needed. They develop on three levels: international, union and national. These planes interact and complement each other. Despite this, there is still a lack of appropriate legal regulations in many areas. This has a direct impact on international air safety. Effective legal regulation of this subject is currently one of the greatest challenges for organizations such as ICAO or the European Union. In the future this sector will develop systematically. In order not to block its development, regulations must at least follow it, otherwise they will inhibit it.

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MINCULETE, Gheorghe, and Veronica PĂSTAE. "Essential approaches to combat the use of drones. Specific elements of the armed conflict in Ukraine." BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 12, no. 4 (January 18, 2024): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-58.

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Although used many years ago, by multinational allied forces acting in coalition in Iraq and Afghanistan, combat drones known as “unmanned aircraft systems” (UAS), “unmanned aerial vehicles” (UAV)”, “unmanned combat aerial vehicles” (UCAV) or “remotely piloted vehicles” (RPV) represent a formidable weapon both for NATO states and for the forces fighting in Ukraine. Considering their essential characteristics, dimensions, load capacity, speed, range, flexibility, ease of operation and low costs, these means of combat come with huge advantages in achieving the operational objectives of combatant structures - regardless of the category they belong to. Thus, the present study includes a theoretical approach that can actually be implemented in the military operational realm, because it includes details and essential references to combat drones designed, produced and used by belligerent and non-belligerent states in connection with the armed conflict taking place on Ukrainian territory. Starting from the objective of the study, a series of important directions resulted for strengthening the actual potential of the joint and tactical forces to be used in national and multinational context within the North Atlantic Alliance, against the aggressive force of an adversary state.

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Hyun, Chang-Uk, Mijin Park, and Won Young Lee. "Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS)-Based Wildlife Detection: A Review and Case Studies in Maritime Antarctica." Animals 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122387.

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In wildlife biology, it is important to conduct efficient observations and quantitative monitoring of wild animals. Conventional wildlife monitoring mainly relies on direct field observations by the naked eyes or through binoculars, on-site image acquisition at fixed spots, and sampling or capturing under severe areal constraints. Recently, remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), also called drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), were successfully applied to detect wildlife with imaging sensors, such as RGB and thermal-imaging sensors, with superior detection capabilities to those of human observation. Here, we review studies with RPAS which has been increasingly used in wildlife detection and explain how an RPAS-based high-resolution RGB image can be applied to wild animal studies from the perspective of individual detection and population surveys as well as behavioral studies. The applicability of thermal-imaging sensors was also assessed with further information extractable from image analyses. In addition, RPAS-based case studies of acquisition of high-resolution RGB images for the purpose of detecting southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) and shape property extraction using thermal-imaging sensor in King George Island, maritime Antarctica is presented as applications in an extreme environment. The case studies suggest that currently available cost-effective small-sized RPAS, which are capable of flexible operation and mounting miniaturized imaging sensors, and are easily maneuverable even from an inflatable boat, can be an effective and supportive technique for both the visual interpretation and quantitative analysis of wild animals in low-accessible extreme or maritime environments.

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Sahith, Jai Krishna. "RECOGNITION OF AIRCRAFT IN REMOTE SENSING IMAGES USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK." Journal of Airline Operations and Aviation Management 1, no. 1 (July 25, 2022): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56801/jaoam.v1i1.8.

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   Picture processing is a stand-alone, non-human image comprehension system that is one of the major breakthroughs (IUS). When one tries to explain what comprehension is, the effort of comprehending images becomes massive. In addition to classical signal processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence are applied. The early phases of the picture comprehension process might be called scene analysis methods that use edge and texture segmentation. As a result, putting a man in a signal processing loop at particular sensors, such as remotely piloted vehicles, satellites, and spacecraft, is not acceptable. Smart sensors and semi- automated procedures are being created as a result. Another major use of image processing is land remote sensing. With the debut of shows like Star Wars, this application has taken on a new level of relevance in the military's eyes. This study gives an overview of digital image processing and investigates the reach of remote sensing and IUS technology from the military's perspective. To demonstrate the significance of IUSs, a detailed description of a current autonomous car project in the United States is provided.  

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Bartz, R. L., and A. Feiden. "Water transparency analysis in fish farming environment through unmanned aerial vehicles." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 21, no. 6 (December 15, 2023): 912–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.6.1998.

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Since water transparency in a fish farming environment is an important parameter in fish development, and it is important that the fish farmers be attentive to the control of the same. However, the process of measuring water transparency in fish ponds is usually done manually, which makes it expensive and inefficient. In order to solve this problem, a prototype was developed containing 2 optical sensors capable of capturing images in the NIR, R, G and B bands, connected to a microcomputer coupled to a Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPAS), in order to capture aerial images of water and estimate water transparency through an image processing algorithm. The prototype was tested by an experiment conducted in a rural estate of the city of Toledo – PR, where 66 images were captured on a conical target, constructed to serve as a reflective reference for the images, comparing the results with the measurements collected by a Secchi disk, using Pearson's correlation analysis. The results showed a strong correlation (r = 0.98) in the estimates made by the NIR band processing, followed by the RGB, R, G and B bands. The developed system proved to be effective in data collection, processing and analysis, optimizing the fish farming management.

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Fusaro, Roberta, Nicole Viola, Sara Cresto Aleina, and Giovanni Antonio Di Meo. "Innovative time-based separation procedures for civil RPAS integration." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2018-0235.

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Purpose This paper aims to suggest feasible solutions to overcome the problem of unmanned aerial vehicles integration within the existing airspace. Design/methodology/approach It envisages innovative time-based separation procedures that will enhance the integration in the future air traffic management (ATM) system of next generation of large remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS). 4D navigation and dynamic mobile area concepts, both proposed in the framework of Single European Sky ATM Research program, are brought together to hypothesize innovative time-based separation procedures aiming at promoting integration of RPAS in the future ATM system. Findings Benefits of proposed procedures, mainly evaluated in terms of volume reduction of segregated airspace, are quantitatively analyzed on the basis of realistic operational scenarios focusing on monitoring activities in both nominal and emergency conditions. Eventually, the major limits of time-based separation for RPAS are investigated. Practical implications The implementation of the envisaged procedures will be a key enabler in RPAS integration in future ATM integration. Originality/value In the current ATM scenario, separation of RPAS from air traffic is ensured by segregating a large amount of airspace areas with fixed dimensions, dramatically limiting the activities of these vehicles.

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Katerynchuk, Ivan, Andrii Balendr, Oksana Komarnytska, Oleksandra Islamova, Ilona Ordynska, and Tetiana Chubina. "Training of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Operators for Border Surveillance in Ukraine based on the European Union Standards." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 13, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.3/444.

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The study reveals the theoretical and practical approaches to building of an all-European training strategy for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) operators to increase their interoperability in the European Union countries and Ukraine. Nowadays, the border guard agencies both in EU and Ukraine have developed their national courses and training programs related to training of RPAS operators, however, the proposed in this study common approach is based on the Sectoral Qualification Framework in the field of border protection and Common Core Curriculum for border guards in EU and is aimed at expanding the use of small RPAS for a specific task of protecting the border sectors of various types (land, sea, air) in accordance with the Concept of European Integrated Border Management. The research was carried out in the frames of the Grant Program of the European Agency for Border and Coast Protection Frontex "The use of RPAS for border protection - tactics, guidelines, best practices". The study covers the analysis of the theory, market solutions, takes into account practical border protection experience, which resulted in creation of a common curricula for operators of RPAS in the specific sphere – surveillance of the state borders. The developed training course for RPAS operators provides an opportunity to train external crews of unmanned aerial vehicles, which will best meet the objectives and peculiar needs of the state border protection agencies of the European Union and Ukraine. The readiness of future RPAS operators to perform professional duties on border surveillance was diagnosed according to cognitive (knowledge formation) and operational (skills and abilities formation) criteria. Comparison of the values of these criteria before and after the formative stage of the experiment shows that the experimental measures for the application of best European practices in the training of RPAS operators have positively affected the quality of their training. The results of the study will help strengthen the state border security within the European context of border guarding by means of increasing the level of interoperability of RPAS operators in the EU countries and Ukraine.

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Heard, Jamison, and Julie A. Adams. "Multi-Dimensional Human Workload Assessment for Supervisory Human–Machine Teams." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 13, no. 3 (May 22, 2019): 146–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343419847906.

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Humans commanding and monitoring robots’ actions are used in various high-stress environments, such as the Predator or MQ-9 Reaper remotely piloted unmanned aerial vehicles. The presence of stress and potential costly mistakes in these environments places considerable demands and workload on the human supervisors, which can reduce task performance. Performance may be augmented by implementing an adaptive workload human–machine teaming system that is capable of adjusting based on a human’s workload state. Such a teaming system requires a human workload assessment algorithm capable of estimating workload along multiple dimensions. A multi-dimensional algorithm that estimates workload in a supervisory environment is presented. The algorithm performs well in emulated real-world environments and generalizes across similar workload conditions and populations. This algorithm is a critical component for developing an adaptive human–robot teaming system that can adapt its interactions and intelligently (re-)allocate tasks in dynamic domains.

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