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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Rhizobium leguminosarum Molecular aspects"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 29 de janeiro de 2023

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1

Chalifour, François-P., and Nicole Benhamou. "Indirect evidence for cellulase production by Rhizobium in pea root nodules during bacteroid differentiation: cytochemical aspects of cellulose breakdown in rhizobial droplets." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-138.

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Cytochemical localization of cellulosic β-(1–4) glucans in pea (Pisum sativum L.) nodules at different stages of infection by an effective isolate of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae was studied using a gold-complexed exoglucanase. Cellulose subunits were present in great amounts in root cell walls, as shown by intense and regular labeling by gold particles. Labeling was unevenly distributed over the thin walls of emerging infection threads. In more developed infection threads, labeling was more intense and evenly distributed than in emerging threads, although slightly altered, unlabeled

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2

Russo, Daniela M., Alan Williams, Anne Edwards, Diana M. Posadas, Christine Finnie, Marcelo Dankert, J. Allan Downie, and Angeles Zorreguieta. "Proteins Exported via the PrsD-PrsE Type I Secretion System and the Acidic Exopolysaccharide Are Involved in Biofilm Formation by Rhizobium leguminosarum." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 12 (June 15, 2006): 4474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00246-06.

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ABSTRACT The type I protein secretion system of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae encoded by the prsD and prsE genes is responsible for secretion of the exopolysaccharide (EPS)-glycanases PlyA and PlyB. The formation of a ring of biofilm on the surface of the glass in shaken cultures by both the prsD and prsE secretion mutants was greatly affected. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of green-fluorescent-protein-labeled bacteria showed that during growth in minimal medium, R. leguminosarum wild type developed microcolonies, which progress to a characteristic three-dimensional biofilm

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3

Figueira, Etelvina Maria de Almeida Paula, Ana Isabel Gusmão Lima, and Sofia Isabel Almeida Pereira. "Cadmium tolerance plasticity in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae: glutathione as a detoxifying agent." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-101.

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Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains expressing different degrees of tolerance to metal stress were used in this work to study the basic mechanisms underlying heavy metal tolerance. We used various parameters to evaluate this response. The strains' growth responses under different Cd2+ concentrations were determined and we reported variation in Cd2+ tolerance. Total soluble protein content decreased drastically, revealing the toxic effects that intracellular Cd2+ imposes on cellular metabolism, but this decrease in protein content was particularly evident in sensitive and moderately tole

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4

Shahzad, Farood, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Ferhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee, Safed Ahmed Essote, Imran Taj, and Abdul Manan Achakzai. "Microbiological studies on Rhizobium leguminosarum isolated from pea (Pisum sativum L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 1223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i4.49079.

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Rhizobia are the true bacteria that establish symbiotic relationship leading to the development of new root nodules. This study has been designed to evaluate the microbiological aspects of Rhizobium leguminosarum in target area. A total of 1000 (200 from each site) roots were collected from five different agriculture fields (Quetta, Pishin, Killa Abdulla, Kuchlak and Hanna Urak) and screened through different standard microbiological procedures. Results revealed that 665/1000 (66.5%) roots samples were positive for Rhizobium leguminosarum. The highest percentage was from Pishin 180/200 (18%) a

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5

Enibukun, Jesupemi Mercy, and Bolatito Esther Boboye. "Molecular characterization and evaluation of crude oil remediation potential of some rhizobia isolated from plant root nodules." Nova Biotechnologica et chimica 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/nbc.v19i1.580.

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This study aimed to determine the molecular identities and genetic relatedness of rhizobia isolated from pigeon pea and pinto beans, and assess their remediation potential in the presence of 1 %, 3 % and 5 % (w/v) crude oil in minimal medium for 7 days incubation period. Standard microbiological and molecular methods which include amplification and purification of 16S rRNA, agarose gel electrophoresis, and sequencing. Results showed molecular identities of six rhizobia from pigeon peas as Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA122, Rhizobium leguminosarum WSM2304, Bradyrhizobium japonicum N61, Rhiz

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6

Soberón-Chávez, Gloria, and Rebeca Nájera. "Isolation from soil of Rhizobium leguminosarum lacking symbiotic information." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-071.

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Bacteria resembling Rhizobium leguminosarum, but lacking symbiotic information, were isolated from soil of two different geographical origins. One of these bacteria belongs to a previously described Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli somatic serogroup, is fully complemented for nodulation and nitrogen fixation by an R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli symbiotic plasmid, and is able to compete for bean nodulation with indigenous R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains. This is the first report giving evidence for persistence in soil of Rhizobium lacking symbiotic information.Key words: Rhizobium ecol

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7

Laguerre, Gisèle, Marc Bardin, and Noëlle Amarger. "Isolation from soil of symbiotic and nonsymbiotic Rhizobium leguminosarum by DNA hybridization." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 1142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-172.

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A procedure based upon DNA hybridization was developed for the specific detection of Rhizobium leguminosarum and its different biovars among bacteria isolated from soil. DNA colony hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with a R. leguminosarum chromosomal probe were found to be species specific for R. leguminosarum and Rhizobium etli. By using R. leguminosarum nod gene probes, biovar specificity was obtained. Of 302 soil isolates screened for their inability to grow on Luria-Bertani agar medium, 13 strains could be assigned to the R. leguminosarum species on the ba

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8

Rioux, Clément R., D. Carlyle Jordan, and James B. M. Rattray. "Anthranilate-promoted iron uptake in Rhizobium leguminosarum." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 248, no. 1 (July 1986): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(86)90415-7.

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9

Velázquez, Encarna, Esperanza Martı́nez-Romero, Dulce Nombre Rodrı́guez-Navarro, Martha E. Trujillo, Antonio Daza, Pedro F. Mateos, Eustoquio Martı́nez-Molina, and Peter van Berkum. "Characterization of Rhizobial Isolates of Phaseolus vulgaris by Staircase Electrophoresis of Low-Molecular-Weight RNA." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 1008–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.2.1008-1010.2001.

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ABSTRACT Low-molecular-weight (LMW) RNA molecules were analyzed to characterize rhizobial isolates that nodulate the common bean growing in Spain. Since LMW RNA profiles, determined by staircase electrophoresis, varied across the rhizobial species nodulating beans, we demonstrated that bean isolates recovered from Spanish soils presumptively could be characterized as Rhizobium etli,Rhizobium gallicum, Rhizobium giardinii,Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and bv. trifolii, andSinorhizobium fredii.

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10

Kucey, R. M. N., and M. F. Hynes. "Populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars phaseoli and viceae in fields after bean or pea in rotation with nonlegumes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-107.

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Populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaesoli and bv. viceae in southern Alberta soils were measured over a period of 4 years using a most probable number method. Five fields cropped to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), five fields cropped to pea (Pisum sativum L.), and two fields cropped to wheat were used as test sites. Legume crops had received appropriate legume inoculants. Fields were sampled in the fall of the crop year and in the spring of the following 3 years during which fields were cropped to nonlegumes or left fallow. Numbers of R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli were 100 to 1000 time

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11

Moreno, S., E. J. Patriarca, M. Chiurazzi, R. Meza, R. Defez, A. Lamberti, A. Riccio, M. Iaccarino, and G. Espin. "Phenotype of a Rhizobium leguminosarum ntrC mutant." Research in Microbiology 143, no. 2 (January 1992): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2508(92)90005-9.

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12

Noel, T. C., C. Sheng, C. K. Yost, R. P. Pharis, and M. F. Hynes. "Rhizobium leguminosarum as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium: direct growth promotion of canola and lettuce." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-040.

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Early seedling root growth of the nonlegumes canola (Brassica campestris cv. Tobin, Brassica napus cv. Westar) and lettuce (Lactuca saliva cv. Grand Rapids) was significantly promoted by inoculation of seeds with certain strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum, including nitrogen- and nonnitrogen-fixing derivatives under gnotobiotic conditions. The growfh-promotive effect appears to be direct, with possible involvement of the plant growth regulators indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin. Auxotrophic Rhizobium mutants requiring tryptophan or adenosine (precursors for indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin

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13

Brito, Belén, Rosa-Isabel Prieto, Ezequiel Cabrera, Marie-Andrée Mandrand-Berthelot, Juan Imperial, Tomás Ruiz-Argüeso, and José-Manuel Palacios. "Rhizobium leguminosarum hupE Encodes a Nickel Transporter Required for Hydrogenase Activity." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 4 (December 18, 2009): 925–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01045-09.

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ABSTRACT Synthesis of the hydrogen uptake (Hup) system in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae requires the function of an 18-gene cluster (hupSLCDEFGHIJK-hypABFCDEX). Among them, the hupE gene encodes a protein showing six transmembrane domains for which a potential role as a nickel permease has been proposed. In this paper, we further characterize the nickel transport capacity of HupE and that of the translated product of hupE2, a hydrogenase-unlinked gene identified in the R. leguminosarum genome. HupE2 is a potential membrane protein that shows 48% amino acid sequence identity with HupE. Exp

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14

Richardson, Jason S., Xavi Carpena, Jack Switala, Rosa Perez-Luque, Lynda J. Donald, Peter C. Loewen, and Ivan J. Oresnik. "RhaU of Rhizobium leguminosarum Is a Rhamnose Mutarotase." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 8 (December 21, 2007): 2903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01120-07.

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ABSTRACT Of the nine genes comprising the l-rhamnose operon of Rhizobium leguminosarum, rhaU has not been assigned a function. The construction of a ΔrhaU strain revealed a growth phenotype that was slower than that of the wild-type strain, although the ultimate cell yields were equivalent. The transport of l-rhamnose into the cell and the rate of its phosphorylation were unaffected by the mutation. RhaU exhibits weak sequence similarity to the formerly hypothetical protein YiiL of Escherichia coli that has recently been characterized as an l-rhamnose mutarotase. To characterize RhaU further,

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15

Sprout, Sharon L., Louise M. Nelson, and James J. Germida. "Influence of metribuzin on the Rhizobium leguminosarum–lentil (Lens culinaris) symbiosis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-058.

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The effects of the triazine herbicide metribuzin (Sencor) on the lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) - Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae symbiosis were studied in Leonard jars and growth pouches. Lentils inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 128C54 or 128C84, and noninoculated lentils grown in plant nutrient solution supplemented with 5 mM KNO3, had metribuzin applied to the plants at either 8 or 13 days after planting. When sprayed at 8 days, metribuzin had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) negative effect on plant weight, number of nodules, taproot growth, and acetylene reduction activity. Fi

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16

Karunakaran, Ramakrishnan, Andreas F. Haag, Alison K. East, Vinoy K. Ramachandran, Jurgen Prell, Euan K. James, Marco Scocchi, Gail P. Ferguson, and Philip S. Poole. "BacA Is Essential for Bacteroid Development in Nodules of Galegoid, but not Phaseoloid, Legumes." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 11 (April 2, 2010): 2920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00020-10.

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ABSTRACT BacA is an integral membrane protein, the mutation of which leads to increased resistance to the antimicrobial peptides bleomycin and Bac71-35 and a greater sensitivity to SDS and vancomycin in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, and Rhizobium etli. The growth of Rhizobium strains on dicarboxylates as a sole carbon source was impaired in bacA mutants but was overcome by elevating the calcium level. While bacA mutants elicited indeterminate nodule formation on peas, which belong to the galegoid tribe of legumes, bacteria lysed after release from infection

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17

Karunakaran, R., K. Ebert, S. Harvey, M. E. Leonard, V. Ramachandran, and P. S. Poole. "Thiamine Is Synthesized by a Salvage Pathway in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Strain 3841." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 18 (September 15, 2006): 6661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00641-06.

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ABSTRACT In the absence of added thiamine, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 3841 does not grow in liquid medium and forms only “pin” colonies on agar plates, which contrasts with the good growth of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021, Mesorhizobium loti 303099, and Rhizobium etli CFN42. These last three organisms have thiCOGE genes, which are essential for de novo thiamine synthesis. While R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 lacks thiCOGE, it does have thiMED. Mutation of thiM prevented formation of pin colonies on agar plates lacking added thiamine, suggesting thiamine intermediates are normall

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18

Nadler, K. D., A. W. Johnston, J. W. Chen, and T. R. John. "A Rhizobium leguminosarum mutant defective in symbiotic iron acquisition." Journal of Bacteriology 172, no. 2 (1990): 670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.2.670-677.1990.

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19

Schlaman, H. R., R. J. Okker, and B. J. Lugtenberg. "Subcellular localization of the Rhizobium leguminosarum nodI gene product." Journal of Bacteriology 172, no. 9 (1990): 5486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.9.5486-5489.1990.

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20

Parke, D., F. Rynne, and A. Glenn. "Regulation of phenolic catabolism in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii." Journal of Bacteriology 173, no. 17 (1991): 5546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.17.5546-5550.1991.

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21

Brom, S., A. García de los Santos, M. de Lourdes Girard, G. Dávila, R. Palacios, and D. Romero. "High-frequency rearrangements in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli plasmids." Journal of Bacteriology 173, no. 3 (1991): 1344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.3.1344-1346.1991.

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22

Zhang, Xue-Xian, Bob Kosier, and Ursula B. Priefer. "Symbiotic Plasmid Rearrangement in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae VF39SM." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 6 (March 15, 2001): 2141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.6.2141-2144.2001.

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ABSTRACT A rearrangement between the symbiotic plasmid (pRleVF39d) and a nonsymbiotic plasmid (pRleVF39b) in Rhizobium leguminosarumbv. viciae VF39 was observed. The rearranged derivative showed the same plasmid profile as its parent strain, but hybridization to nod, fix, and nif genes indicated that most of the symbiotic genes were now present on a plasmid corresponding in size to pRleVF39b instead of pRleVF39d. On the other hand, some DNA fragments originating from pRleVF39b now hybridized to the plasmid band at the position of pRleVF39d. These results suggest that a reciprocal but unequal D

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23

Mazurier, Sylvie-Isabelle, and Gisele Laguerre. "Unusual localization of nod and nif genes in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-056.

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Genomic DNA from seven strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae isolated from nodules of field-grown lentils showed homology to nod and nif gene probes, whereas plasmid DNA did not hybridize with these probes. The results suggest that symbiotic genes could be located on the chromosome or perhaps on a very large plasmid that could not be resolved in Eckhardt gels. Each strain contained one plasmid that hybridized with a pSym isolated from a R. leguminosarum strain of the same field population. This finding led us to hypothesize that the nod and nif genes of the seven strains might have ori

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24

Jiang, J., B. H. Gu, L. M. Albright, and B. T. Nixon. "Conservation between coding and regulatory elements of Rhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum dct genes." Journal of Bacteriology 171, no. 10 (1989): 5244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.171.10.5244-5253.1989.

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25

Hardy, Kimberly, and J. Diane Knight. "Evaluation of biochars as carriers for Rhizobium leguminosarum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 67, no. 1 (January 2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0416.

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Peat is the standard carrier material used for commercial microbial inoculants produced in Canada and the United States. Peat is a slowly renewable resource and its production is extremely vulnerable to variable weather conditions. Furthermore, it may not be widely available in all countries. We investigated the potential to develop biochar as a carrier material. Our goal was to evaluate if different biochars perform comparably in supporting rhizobial survival, and what characteristics contribute to their ability to support rhizobial survival. Evaluation included characterization of the biocha

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Tambalo, Dinah D., Christopher K. Yost, and Michael F. Hynes. "Characterization of swarming motility in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae." FEMS Microbiology Letters 307, no. 2 (April 13, 2010): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01982.x.

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Wolff, Andreas B., and Dietrich Werner. "Defence Reactions in Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis: Phytoalexin Concentration in Vicia faba Nodules is Affected by the Host Plant Genotype." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1990): 958–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-9-1006.

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Abstract In the Vicia faba-Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiosis defence reactions are established by a variable phytoalexin concentration in the nodules. No differences were observed between effective (fix+) and ineffective (fix- ) nodules. In nodules of field grown plants the average phytoalexin concentration was about 3 times higher than that from sterile pot-cultured plants infected with different Rhizobium leguminosarum strains. A great variability of phytoalexin accumulation in nodules of single plants was observed. In field grown plants about 60% of the nodules of each plant had very low le

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Perrine, Francine M., Joko Prayitno, Jeremy J. Weinman, Frank B. Dazzo, and Barry G. Rolfe. "Rhizobium plasmids are involved in the inhibition or stimulation of rice growth and development." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 9 (2001): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01046.

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This paper originates from an address at the 8th International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, Sydney, NSW, December 2000 We examined growth responses of rice seedlings (Oryza sativaL. cv. Pelde) to specific Rhizobium strains and their mutants, to investigate the molecular basis of colonization and the stimulation or inhibition of rice growth and development by rhizobia. Inoculation experiments with rice seedlings showed that specific Rhizobium isolates of these rice-associated and legume-associated rhizobia could either promote, inhibit, or have no influence on rice plant gro

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Sivakumaran, S., B. D. W. Jarvis, and P. J. Lockhart. "Identification of soil bacteria expressing a symbiotic plasmid from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trofolii." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-022.

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A hundred strains of non-nodulating, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from clover–ryegrass pastures on three different soil types and from a sandy loam under lupins. When crossed with Escherichia coli PN200 containing the cointegrate plasmid pPN1, 11 transconjugants gained the ability to form nodules on the roots of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Grasslands Huia). A nodA probe indicated that they had gained nodulation genes. The identities of these 11 strains and 4 others derived from earlier work on non-nodulating root nodule bacteria, were determined by ribotyping, DNA –

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Fenton, M., and B. D. W. Jarvis. "Expression of the symbiotic plasmid from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii in Sphingobacterium multivorum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-138.

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An inoculant strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii containing a Tn5 marked symbiotic plasmid transferred this plasmid by conjugation to Sphingobacterium multivorum, an organism that can be found in soil. The transconjugant bacteria nodulated the roots of white clover (Trifolium repens) seedlings but did not fix atmospheric nitrogen. Microscopic examination revealed abnormal nodule structures. Bacteria isolated from the nodules were shown to be closely related to the recipient S. multivorum and Southern blots of genomic digests probed with nodA DNA confirmed that the transconjugants

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Selbitschka, Werner, Walter Arnold, Ursula B. Priefer, Thomas Rottschäfer, Michael Schmidt, Reinhard Simon, and Alfred Pühler. "Characterization of recA genes and recA mutants of Rhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae." Molecular and General Genetics MGG 229, no. 1 (September 1991): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00264217.

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Garg, Nisha, and H. S. Nainawatee. "Reductant and energy level of bacteroids of Rhizobium leguminosarum." Phytochemistry 28, no. 11 (January 1989): 2913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80252-3.

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George, M. L. C., J. P. W. Young, and D. Borthakur. "Genetic characterization of Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 that nodulates tree legumes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-034.

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Rhizobium sp. strain TALI 145 nodulates Leucaena ieucocephaia and Phaseolus vulgaris, in addition to a wide range of tropical tree legumes. Six overlapping clones that complemented nodulation defects in leucaena and bean rhizobia were isolated and a 40-kb map of the symbiosis region was constructed. The common nod and nifA genes were situated approximately 17 kb apart, with the nodlJ genes in between. These clones enabled a derivative of TAL1145 carrying a partially deleted pSym to form ineffective nodules on both leucaena and bean, and a similar derivative of Rhizobium etli TAL182 to form ine

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Martínez, Marta, José M. Palacios, Juan Imperial, and Tomás Ruiz-Argüeso. "Symbiotic Autoregulation of nifA Expression in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 19 (October 1, 2004): 6586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.19.6586-6594.2004.

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ABSTRACT NifA is the general transcriptional activator of nitrogen fixation genes in diazotrophic bacteria. In Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae UPM791, the nifA gene is part of a gene cluster (orf71 orf79 fixW orf5 fixABCX nifAB) separated by 896 bp from an upstream and divergent truncated duplication of nifH (ΔnifH). Symbiotic expression analysis of genomic nifA::lacZ fusions revealed that in strain UPM791 nifA is expressed mainly from a σ54-dependent promoter (P nifA1 ) located upstream of orf71. This promoter contains canonical NifA upstream activating sequences located 91 bp from the tra

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35

Schlaman, H. R., H. P. Spaink, R. J. Okker, and B. J. Lugtenberg. "Subcellular localization of the nodD gene product in Rhizobium leguminosarum." Journal of Bacteriology 171, no. 9 (1989): 4686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.171.9.4686-4693.1989.

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36

Leyva, A., J. M. Palacios, T. Mozo, and T. Ruiz-Argüeso. "Cloning and characterization of hydrogen uptake genes from Rhizobium leguminosarum." Journal of Bacteriology 169, no. 11 (1987): 4929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.169.11.4929-4934.1987.

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37

Tao, H., N. J. Brewin, and K. D. Noel. "Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 lipopolysaccharide antigenic changes induced by environmental conditions." Journal of Bacteriology 174, no. 7 (1992): 2222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.174.7.2222-2229.1992.

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38

Breedveld, M. W., H. C. Cremers, M. Batley, M. A. Posthumus, L. P. Zevenhuizen, C. A. Wijffelman, and A. J. Zehnder. "Polysaccharide synthesis in relation to nodulation behavior of Rhizobium leguminosarum." Journal of Bacteriology 175, no. 3 (1993): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.3.750-757.1993.

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39

Ercolano, R., R. Mirabella, M. Chiurazzi, and M. Merrick. "The Rhizobium leguminosarum glnB gene is down-regulated during symbiosis." Molecular and General Genetics MGG 264, no. 5 (January 2001): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380000333.

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40

Chakrabarti, S. K., A. K. Mishra, and P. K. Chakrabartty. "DNA homology studies of rhizobia from Cicer arietinum L." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-096.

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The taxonomic status of rhizobia which infect Cicer arietinum is poorly defined. Historically these organisms have been placed under Rhizobium leguminosarum; however, later reports suggested that they be treated as a separate cross-inoculation group. Therefore, DNA homology tests were carried out with various rhizobia. The data indicate that rhizobia from Cicer cannot be placed under any of the recognised species of Rhizobium.

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41

Abd EL- Basit, Howaida, Amina Hassan, M. Youssef, and M. Amin. "MOLECULAR AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. vicieae isolates." Journal of Plant Production 32, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 4515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2007.208779.

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42

Brink, B. A., J. Miller, R. W. Carlson, and K. D. Noel. "Expression of Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 genes for lipopolysaccharide in strains derived from different R. leguminosarum soil isolates." Journal of Bacteriology 172, no. 2 (1990): 548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.2.548-555.1990.

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43

García-de los Santos, Alejandro, Alejandro Morales, Laura Baldomá, Scott R. D. Clark, Susana Brom, Christopher K. Yost, Ismael Hernández-Lucas, Juan Aguilar, and Michael F. Hynes. "TheglcBlocus ofRhizobium leguminosarumVF39 encodes an arabinose-inducible malate synthase." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-091.

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In the course of a study conducted to isolate genes upregulated by plant cell wall sugars, we identified an arabinose-inducible locus from a transcriptional fusion library of Rhizobium leguminosarum VF39, carrying random insertions of the lacZ transposon Tn5B22. Sequence analysis of the locus disrupted by the transposon revealed a high similarity to uncharacterized malate synthase G genes from Sinorhizobium meliloti, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Mesorhizobium loti. This enzyme catalyzes the condensation of glyoxylate and acetyl-CoA to yield malate and CoA and is thought to be a component of

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44

Wielbo, Jerzy, Andrzej Mazur, Jarosław E. Król, Małgorzata Marczak, and Anna Skorupska. "Environmental modulation of the pssTNOP gene expression in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-004.

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Exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is required for successful establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Using plasmid-borne transcriptional fusions of promoters of pss genes with promoterless lacZ the effect of root exudate, phosphate, and ammonia on expression of pssT, pssN, pssO, and pssP genes in wild-type strain RtTA1 background was determined. A stimulating effect of these environmental factors on pssO and pssP gene expression was observed. The putative pssO gene promoter was determined to be a strong promoter within

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45

Skorupska, A., and M. Deryło. "Homology of genes for exopolysaccharide synthesis in Rhizobium leguminosarum and effect of cloned exo genes on nodule formation." Acta Biochimica Polonica 40, no. 4 (December 31, 1993): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1993_4787.

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A 5.4 kb BamHI fragment of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii TA1 was found to carry genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis (exo genes). This fragment was strongly hybridized to the total DNA from R. l. bv. viciae and bv. phaseoli digested with EcoRI. No homology was found with total DNA of R. meliloti and Rhizobium sp. NGR 234. The exo genes from R. l. bv. trifolii TA1 conjugally introduced into R. l. bv. viciae 1302 considerably affected the symbiosis: the nodules induced on vetch were abortive and did not fix nitrogen. On the other hand, Phaseolus beans infected with R. l. bv. phaseoli ha

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46

Leyva, A., J. M. Palacios, J. Murillo, and T. Ruiz-Argüeso. "Genetic organization of the hydrogen uptake (hup) cluster from Rhizobium leguminosarum." Journal of Bacteriology 172, no. 3 (1990): 1647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.3.1647-1655.1990.

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47

Girard, M. L., M. Flores, S. Brom, D. Romero, R. Palacios, and G. Dávila. "Structural complexity of the symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli." Journal of Bacteriology 173, no. 8 (1991): 2411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.8.2411-2419.1991.

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48

Dowling, D. N., U. Samrey, J. Stanley, and W. J. Broughton. "Cloning of Rhizobium leguminosarum genes for competitive nodulation blocking on peas." Journal of Bacteriology 169, no. 3 (1987): 1345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.169.3.1345-1348.1987.

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49

Vedam, Vinata, Elmar L. Kannenberg, Janine G. Haynes, D. Janine Sherrier, Anup Datta, and Russell W. Carlson. "A Rhizobium leguminosarum AcpXL Mutant Produces Lipopolysaccharide Lacking 27-Hydroxyoctacosanoic Acid." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 6 (March 15, 2003): 1841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.6.1841-1850.2003.

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ABSTRACT The structure of the lipid A from Rhizobium etli and Rhizobium leguminosarum lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) lacks phosphate and contains a galacturonosyl residue at its 4′ position, an acylated 2-aminogluconate in place of the proximal glucosamine, and a very long chain ω-1 hydroxy fatty acid, 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid (27OHC28:0). The 27OHC28:0 moiety is common in lipid A's among members of the Rhizobiaceae and also among a number of the facultative intracellular pathogens that form chronic infections, e.g., Brucella abortus, Bartonella henselae, and Legionella pneumophila. In this pap

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50

Prell, J., G. Mulley, F. Haufe, J. P. White, A. Williams, R. Karunakaran, J. A. Downie, and P. S. Poole. "The PTSNtr system globally regulates ATP-dependent transporters in Rhizobium leguminosarum." Molecular Microbiology 84, no. 1 (March 2, 2012): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08014.x.

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